Academic literature on the topic 'Brazilian labor market'
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Journal articles on the topic "Brazilian labor market"
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Botelho, Fernando, and Vladimir Ponczek. "Segmentation in the Brazilian Labor Market." Economic Development and Cultural Change 59, no. 2 (January 2011): 437–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/657127.
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Carleial, Liana, and Manoel Luiz Malaguti. "Informality and Casualization in the Brazilian Labor Market." International Journal of Political Economy 30, no. 4 (December 2000): 68–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08911916.2000.11644022.
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Da Silva Filho, Luís Abel. "Migration and Occupation in the Brazilian Labor Market." Revista Facultad de Ciencias Económicas 29, no. 1 (March 30, 2021): 49–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.18359/rfce.4995.
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Individuals’ socioeconomic and demographic characteristics have always impacted their occupation. However, few empirical studies with census data have researched how migration af- fects occupation. Therefore, this paper aims to analyze the determining factors of occupation in migrants and non-migrants aged 15 to 60 years in Brazilian municipalities. The data are taken from 2000 and 2010 Brazilian Demographic Censuses. The literature is reviewed, and then multinomial logistic regressions are used. The results show that fixed-date inter-municipal migrants in Brazil experience worse forms of insertion in the labor market than non-migrants in both censuses under analysis.
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Amaro, Marília Corrêa, Luís Abel da Silva Filho, and Fládia Valéria Dantas dos Santos. "A MULHER NO MERCADO DE TRABALHO FORMAL DA CONSTRUÇÃO CIVIL BRASILEIRA." RDE - Revista de Desenvolvimento Econômico 1, no. 39 (April 2016): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.21452/rde.v1i33.4161.
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A inserção feminina no mercado de trabalho brasileiro é resultado de um processo de transição da mulher nas relações sociais, políticas e econômicas. O avanço delas no
mercado de trabalho mostra-se presente em todos os setores de atividade ao longo dos a
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Santos, Sales Augusto dos, and Nelson Olokafá Inocêncio da Silva. "Brazilian Indifference to Racial Inequality in the Labor Market." Latin American Perspectives 33, no. 4 (July 2006): 13–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0094582x06289873.
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Almeida, Aléssio Tony Cavalcanti de, and Ignácio Tavares de Araújo Júnior. "Smoking and wage penalty in the Brazilian labor market." Economia Aplicada 21, no. 2 (August 15, 2017): 249. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/1413-8050/ea146024.
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Esse artigo investiga a heterogeneidade da repercussão de hábitos pessoais não saudáveis, expressa pelo o uso do cigarro, sobre a produtividade do trabalho no Brasil. Baseado na Pesquisa Especial de Tabagismo integrante da Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios 2008, os principais modelos empíricos são desenvolvidos por meio de regressão quantílica com variáveis instrumentais. Os resultados encontrados explicitam que fumantes, independentemente dos modelos condicionados para a mé- dia ou por quantil com e sem variáveis instrumentais, apresentam menor rendimento do trabalho. Assim, a penalização salarial para fumantes com controle para endogeneidade varia de 15,2% a 36,5% ao longo da distribuição condicional dos rendimentos individuais.
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Nishijima, Marislei, André Portela Fernandes de Souza, and Flávia Mori Sarti. "Trends in child labor and the impact on health in adulthood in Brazil from 1998 to 2008." Cadernos de Saúde Pública 31, no. 5 (May 2015): 1071–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0102-311x00009914.
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There is little evidence in Brazil on the impact of child labor on health status in adulthood. This study aimed to investigate trends in child labor in Brazil and estimate the long-term effects of child labor on the health of Brazilian adults, using nationally representative databases (Brazilian National Household Sample Survey) from three different years (1998, 2003, and 2008). The models were based on a two-stage linear equation and Generalized Method of Moments (GMM). The results suggest that child labor has declined in Brazil, although the data still show patterns of early entry into the country’s labor market. Regardless of the type of work, child labor adversely affected health outcomes in adulthood, both directly (impacts on health outcomes) and indirectly (losses in educational attainment). Child labor places a long-term burden on Brazilians, jeopardizing the formation of human capital through negative impacts on health outcomes in adulthood.
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Mont’Alvao, Arnaldo, and Carlos Costa Ribeiro. "Youth Labor Market Prospects in Times of Economic Recession in Brazil." ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 688, no. 1 (March 2020): 38–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002716219896329.
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The article examines young people’s labor market prospects in Brazil during the most recent economic recession (2014–2017). We draw on data from the Continuous National Household Sample Survey (PNAD Continua), between 2012 and 2017, to estimate both average labor market indicators over time and proportional hazard models of unemployment and underemployment. We find that youths’ labor market prospects declined considerably over the period, and, as in many countries during economic downturns, young people were more affected than adults. The analysis shows that gender, race, and education impact the hazards of unemployment and underemployment among young Brazilians. Kaplan-Meier curves show that differences between white and African Brazilian youth, as well as between college-educated youth and high school graduates (or less), increased between 2016 and 2017, when economic activity was at its worst level.
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Haussmann, Samantha, and André Braz Golgher. "Shrinking gender wage gaps in the Brazilian labor market: an application of the APC approach." Nova Economia 26, no. 2 (August 2016): 429–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-6351/2680.
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Abstract: Labor market literature attests that men tend to earn more than women in similar occupations in Brazil and elsewhere. However, some recent trends that have occurred in Brazil promote the narrowing of gender gaps in the labor market. This paper analyzes this issue empirically with the use of PNADs, Mincerian wage equations, and a hierarchical model based on the Age-Period-Cohort approach. We observed that gender wage gaps were shrinking and, although there might still be an unexplained advantage for men in the labor market, the evolution of women's endowments for the labor market and the decrease in labor market segregation significantly compensated for this difference. Due to these trends, after controlling for cohort differences, we observed non-significant gender wage gaps in some models.
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Gonçalves, S., T. P. Rodrigues, and A. L. S. Chagas. "The impact of wind power on the Brazilian labor market." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 128 (August 2020): 109887. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.109887.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Brazilian labor market"
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Filho, SÃrgio Mendes de Oliveira. "Impacts of government income transfers in Brazilian labor market." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2010. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=5309.
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FundaÃÃo de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do CearÃIn view of the empirical studies shortage in literature involving a possible reduction of labor as adverse incentive for the government income transference, this thesis intends to analyze in a detailed way the impact of transferences over the formal and informal labor supply from the family heads such as every individuals older than 10 years old. For the analyze of the effects in scope of the entrance decisions in job market it was estimated a multinomial logit model, while in the scope of the working time it was used a variation of the method of Durbin and McFadden (1984) for selection bias correction based on the multinomial logit, contained in Bourguignon et al. (2004). It has verified that transferences have positive effect over the probabilities that the individual doesnât work and does informally work. However, this last one seems to be related to a substitution effect, once it has been observed a parallel negative effect over the probability to work on the formal sector. It has been obtained yet that the benefits negatively impacts on the offered hours by the family heads wether in the formal or non formal sector, effect that has happened to be verified on the hours offering in formal sector of all individuals. In the other hand, as we consider the hours of working of those who are engaged in informal sector, it has obtained that income transferences perform not as a discourage issue but as a magnifier factor of worked hours.
Tendo em vista a escassez de estudos empÃricos na literatura envolvendo uma possÃvel reduÃÃo do trabalho como incentivo adverso dos programas de transferÃncias de renda governamentais, esta dissertaÃÃo se propÃe a analisar de forma detalhada o impacto das transferÃncias sobre a oferta de trabalho formal e informal dos chefes de famÃlia e de todos os indivÃduos maiores de 10 anos. Para anÃlise dos efeitos no Ãmbito das decisÃes de entrada no mercado de trabalho foi estimado um modelo logit multinomial, enquanto no Ãmbito das jornadas de trabalho utilizou-se uma variaÃÃo do mÃtodo de Durbin e Mc Fadden (1984) para correÃÃo de viÃs de seleÃÃo baseado em modelos logit multinomiais, contida em Bourguignon et al. (2004). Verificou-se que as transferÃncias tÃm efeito positivo sobre as probabilidades do indivÃduo nÃo trabalhar e de trabalhar informalmente, porÃm, este Ãltimo parece estar mais relacionado a um efeito substituiÃÃo, pois se observou paralelamente um efeito negativo sobre a probabilidade de trabalhar no setor formal. Obteve-se ainda os benefÃcios impactam negativamente nas horas ofertadas pelos chefes de famÃlia tanto no setor formal quanto no informal, efeito esse que tambÃm foi verificado na oferta de horas no setor formal de todos os indivÃduos. Contudo, ao consideramos a jornada de trabalho de todos aqueles engajados no setor informal, obteve-se que as transferÃncias de renda atuam nÃo como um desestÃmulo e sim como um fator ampliador das horas trabalhadas.
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Barbosa, Bruno Tebaldi de Queiroz. "Modelling brazilian regional formal labor market using global var approach." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/18669.
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The assessment of economic variables is an important part of regional macroeconomic analyses. However, increasing integration of the markets has led to greater financial and economic interdependence between regions. Therefore, this paper uses the global vector autoregressive (GVAR) methodology, which can tackle the curse of dimensionality. Focusing in the Brazilian labor market, it has two main objectives: firstly, establishing a model accounting for the interdependencies between regions. Secondly, estimate the regional elasticity of employment in respect to the economic activity of the country. To this end, it is applied the so-called GVAR technique, which considers the interdependencies between several regions and their temporal dynamics in a multivariate framework. The model is estimated at the Brazilian mesoregion level, with 137 distinct mesoregions. The final model proved to be stable with 128 regions, 2 cointegration relationship and, and 9 regions having 1 cointegration relation. Focusing on the classical major Brazilian regions (North, Northeast, Southeast, South, Central) it is estimated that the most sensitive region is the South followed by the Northeast and the South region, while the Northern and Central regions are mostly unaffected. A long-run relationship is also estimated indicating a natural growth of 694 thousand jobs per year in Brazil.
A avaliação das variáveis econômicas é uma parte importante das análises macroeconômicas regionais. No entanto, o aumento da integração dos mercados levou a uma maior interdependência financeira e econômica entre as regiões. Portanto, este artigo usa a metodologia de vetor autoregressivo global (GVAR), que pode enfrentar a maldição da dimensionalidade. Focando no mercado de trabalho brasileiro, tem dois objetivos principais: primeiro, estabelecer um modelo levando em conta as interdependências entre as regiões. Em segundo lugar, estimar a elasticidade regional do emprego em relação à atividade econômica do país. Para este fim, é aplicada a chamada técnica GVAR, que considera as interdependências entre várias regiões e suas dinâmicas temporais em uma estrutura multivariada. O modelo é estimado no nível mesorregional brasileiro, com 137 mesorregiões distintas. O modelo final mostrou-se estável com 128 regiões, 2 relações de cointegração e, e 9 regiões com 1 relação de cointegração. Concentrando-se nas principais regiões brasileiras clássicas (Norte, Nordeste, Sudeste, Sul, Central), estima-se que a região mais sensível é o Sul, seguido pela região Nordeste e Sul, enquanto as regiões Norte e Central não são afetadas. Uma relação de longo prazo também é estimada indicando um crescimento natural de 694 mil empregos por ano no Brasil.
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Coelho, Neto Fernando. "The effects of globalization on Brazilian labor market during the 1990's." Ohio : Ohio University, 2002. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1020172289.
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SOARES, RODRIGO REIS. "SEGMENTATION VERSUS COMPETITIVENESS: A TEST OF DUALITY IN THE BRAZILIAN LABOR MARKET." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 1997. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=14749@1.
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COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIORO objetivo da dissertação é testar empiricamente a existência de dualidade no mercado de trabalho brasileiro. Dualidade é entendida como a existência de estruturas de remuneração distintas na economia, não explicadas por diferenças nos atributos produtivos dos indivíduos. São analisados os dados Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios (PNAD/IBGE) de 1988 através da metodologia proposta por Dickens & Lang (1985) e de algumas extensões. A evidência sugere que o comportamento dos salários no Brasil não se assemelha às previsões da teoria dual: o efeito da educação se sobrepõe a qualquer outro fator na determinação dos rendimentos na economia brasileira e o retorno à educação é altamente não-linear, o que dá relevância a políticas que atuam sobre a oferta de trabalho no combate à pobreza e à distribuição desigual de renda.
The objective of the dissertation is to test empirically the existence of duality in the Brazilian labor market. Duality is defined as the existence of different wage strctures in the economy, not explained by differences in the productive skills of the workers. Data from the annual Brazilian household survey (Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios - PNAD/IBGE) from 1988 is analyzed with the methodology suggested by Dickens & Lang (1985) and some extensions. The results do not support the dual theory: education is the basic determinant of the wages in the Brazilian economy and the return to education is highly non-linear. These conclusions reveal the major role that should be played by supply side labor market policies in the efforts against poverty and earnings inequality in Brazil.
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SOUZA, GIOVANNA RIBEIRO PAIVA DE. "LABOR MARKET CONDITIONS AND GENDER INEQUALITY: EVIDENCE FROM THE BRAZILIAN TRADE LIBERALIZATION." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2017. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=31785@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
PROGRAMA DE EXCELENCIA ACADEMICA
Esse artigo estuda o efeito de um choque grande e plausivelmente exógeno induzido pelo comércio sobre a desigualdade de gênero no mercado de trabalho. Nos anos 1990, o governo brasileiro decidiu reduzir as tarifas de importação, induzindo uma liberalização comercial grande e de uma vez por todas, com efeitos heterogêneos entre as economias locais. Usando Censos Decenais brasileiros, eu estimo efeitos de médio (1991-2000) e longo (1991-2010) prazos desse choque sobre os resultados do mercado de trabalho separadamente por gênero e suas consequências para a desigualdade de gênero. Eu forneço um modelo conceitual de segregação ocupacional para racionalizar os resultados. Finalmente, também examino potenciais implicações desse choque para o mercado de casamentos e a acumulação de capital humano dos indivíduos. Os resultados apontam que, no médio prazo, em regiões mais afetadas, houve um aumento no diferencial salarial por gênero e as mulheres enfrentaram proporcionalmente maior aumento no não-emprego em comparação com os homens. No longo prazo, as perdas de emprego permaneceram no setor de bens comercializáveis, mas na economia como um todo elas desapareceram, enquanto o diferencial salarial entre homens e mulheres diminuiu no setor de não comercializáveis. Além disso, tanto no médio como no longo prazo, houve um aumento na acumulação de capital humano, ao mesmo tempo em que a parcela de mulheres casadas e que têm filhos diminuiu. À luz do modelo, esses resultados enfatizam a importância de se prestar atenção não só à desigualdade salarial, mas também à distribuição desigual dos gêneros entre as ocupações.
This paper studies the effect of a large and plausibly exogenous tradeinduced shock on gender inequality in the labor market. In the 1990 s, Brazilian government decided to reduce import tariffs, inducing a large, once and for all trade liberalization, with heterogeneous effects across local economies. Using Brazilian Decennial Censuses, I estimate medium (1991-2000) and long (1991-2010) term effects of this shock to labor market outcomes separately by gender and its consequences for gender inequality. I provide a conceptual model of occupational segregation to rationalize the results. Finally, I also examine potential implications of this shock to the marriage market and individuals human capital accumulation. Results point that, in the medium run, in harder hit regions there was an increase in the gender wage gap and women proportionally faced higher increase in nonemployment compared to men. In the long run, the losses in employment in the tradable sector remained, but in the as a whole economy they disappeared, while the gender wage gap in non-tradables decreased. Besides that, both in the medium and long run, there was an increase in human capital accumulation, at the same that the share of women that are married and have children decreased. In light of the model, these findings emphasize the importance of paying attention not only to the wage inequality, but also to the unequal distribution of genders between occupations.
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Arabage, Amanda Cappellazzo. "Essays in labor economics using Brazilian data." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/24061.
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This thesis is composed of three essays in applied microeconomics. In all essays, we investigate different aspects related to the Brazilian formal labor market using data from the Relação Anual de Informações Sociais - RAIS. In the first two chapters, we examine the impacts of two educational policies on labor market outcomes of those involved. In the third chapter, we study wage inequality in the formal labor market. We aim to contribute to the debate on inequality reduction policies by providing additional empirical evidence for Brazil. In the first chapter, we investigate the impacts of the provision of free child care for children aged 0-3 on mothers and fathers’ labor market outcomes in the formal sector of the economy. We exploit an exogenous variation introduced by the fact that, for the 2008 school year, access to public day care centers was randomly assigned in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro. Our results suggest that the provision of this service had no impacts on parents’ probabilities of being employed in the formal sector and related labor market outcomes (e.g. hours worked, wages) in the short or medium terms. We argue that high labor market participation, relatively low flexibility of the formal labor market and the fact that the majority of children eventually enroll in a public day care center or school in the years following the intervention may be possible explanations for these results. In the second chapter, we investigate if the introduction of quotas in public universities affects employers’ perception of its students and graduates, regardless of their actual quota status. We explore the different timing of introduction of quota systems in two public universities in the State of Rio de Janeiro to estimate impacts of this policy on its students and graduates’ probabilities of being employed in the formal sector and hourly wages for those employed. Our results suggest that the introduction of quotas does not seem to have effects on the probability of being employed in the formal sector but there seems to be some negative effects on hourly wages for those who are employed in the formal sector for some of the cases considered. In the third chapter, we study the decrease in wage inequality among working age men in the Brazilian formal labor market from 1994 to 2016. We decompose inequality into its permanent and transitory components and find that the downward trend in wage inequality can be attributed to reductions in the transitory component from 1994 to 2005 (related to the economic stabilization process), and in the permanent component from 2010 to 2016. Our results also suggest that the permanent component has an important role in explaining wage inequality in Brazil, with age and education being accountable for a great share of permanent inequality.
Esta tese é composta por três artigos na área de microeconomia aplicada. Em todos os artigos, são investigados aspectos relacionados ao mercado de trabalho formal brasileiro, utilizando dados da Relação Anual de Informações Sociais - RAIS. Nos dois primeiros capítulos, investigam-se os impactos de duas políticas educacionais em resultados no mercado de trabalho dos indivíduos envolvidos. No terceiro capítulo, estuda-se a desigualdade de salários no mercado de trabalho formal. Com os artigos, pretende-se contribuir para o debate sobre políticas de redução da desigualdade, fornecendo evidências empíricas adicionais para o Brasil. No primeiro capítulo, são investigados os impactos do oferecimento de creches gratuitas para crianças de 0 a 3 anos sobre os resultados de suas mães e pais no mercado de trabalho formal. Para isso, utiliza-se a variação exógena introduzida pelo fato de que, para o ano letivo de 2008, o acesso a vagas em creches públicas no município do Rio de Janeiro foi definido a partir de um processo de aleatorização. Os resultados sugerem que este serviço não teve impactos sobre as probabilidades das mães e pais de estarem empregados no setor formal e sobre outros resultados relacionados (por exemplo, horas trabalhadas e salários) tanto no curto quanto no médio prazos. Argumenta-se que a alta participação no mercado de trabalho, a reduzida flexibilidade do mercado de trabalho formal e o fato de que a maioria das crianças eventualmente foi matriculada em uma creche ou escola pública nos anos seguintes à intervenção são possíveis explicações para esses resultados. No segundo capítulo, é analisado se a introdução de cotas em universidades públicas afeta a percepção dos empregadores sobre seus alunos e ex-alunos, independentemente de eles terem ingressado no ensino superior via cotas. Para isso, utiliza-se o fato de que a adoção de sistemas de cotas em duas universidades públicas do Estado do Rio de Janeiro ocorreu em momentos distintos. Dessa forma, é possível estimar os impactos dessa política na probabilidade de seus alunos e ex-alunos de estarem empregados no setor formal e nos salários por hora para aqueles que estão empregados. Os resultados sugerem que a introdução de cotas não parece ter tido efeitos sobre a probabilidade de estar empregado no setor formal, mas são encontrados alguns efeitos negativos sobre os salários para aqueles que estão empregados nesse setor em alguns dos casos considerados. No terceiro capítulo, analisa-se a redução da desigualdade de salários entre homens em idade ativa no mercado de trabalho formal brasileiro de 1994 a 2016. A desigualdade é decomposta em seus componentes permanente e transitório e verifica-se que a tendência de queda da desigualdade salarial pode ser atribuída a reduções no componente transitório de 1994 a 2005 (relacionadas ao processo de estabilização econômica), e no componente permanente de 2010 a 2016. Os resultados também sugerem que o componente permanente tem um papel importante na desigualdade salarial no Brasil, sendo idade e educação responsáveis por uma parcela expressiva da desigualdade permanente.
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Guerrero, Amezcua Cinthya Larissa [Verfasser], and Wolfgang [Akademischer Betreuer] Schluchter. "Labor market perspectives of the Brazilian sugarcane agro-industry : prospects and challenges [[Elektronische Ressource]] / Cinthya Guerrero. Betreuer: Wolfgang Schluchter." Cottbus : Universitätsbibliothek der BTU Cottbus, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1029710805/34.
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LINDÔSO, Raquel Oliveira. "A inserção da força de trabalho feminina no mercado de trabalho nordestino: uma análise sobre o Município de Toritama – PE." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2011. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/17109.
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FACEPE
O presente trabalho analisa o período recente da economia brasileira, dando ênfase na região nordestina, com suas transformações ocorridas nas formas de gestão da produção e organização do trabalho (terceirização, produção flexível, redução das hierarquias funcionais, novas tecnologias e a subcontratação). Nesse contexto, observou-se o surgimento de novos relacionamentos diretos entre a unidade capitalista e as formas de ocupação não capitalista, com destaque para as modalidades de trabalho irregular, parcial e em domicílio. Nesse novo padrão de acumulação capitalista, apoiado na globalização e na flexibilização das relações de trabalho, é notório o significativo crescimento da inserção e da precarização do uso da força de trabalho feminina. Nesse sentido, a temática das relações de trabalho e relações de gênero tem recebido uma atenção relevante de pesquisadoras, na medida em que a inserção da mulher no mundo do trabalho na contemporaneidade acontece predominante na ponta da cadeia produtiva, com efetiva precariedade do trabalho que se manifesta em baixas remunerações, instabilidade e desproteção social. Estas indicações nos levaram à experiência produtiva do município de Toritama, um dos principais produtores de confecções de Pernambuco, cujo passado econômico foi marcado pela pecuária à qual se associou uma produção calçadista predominantemente artesanal, antes da consolidação da produção de jeans, nicho específico que lhe caracteriza como arranjo produtivo local – APL . Evidenciamos na nossa investigação que a produção de confecções no município de Toritama desperta atenção por sua dinâmica produtiva baseada em um uso intensivo de trabalho, (pois o segmento é de baixa tecnologia), pela clara segregação por gênero nas atividades desenvolvidas e, sobretudo, nas relações de trabalho que se revelam tão flexíveis e precárias que sequer são entendidas como parte da cadeia produtiva. O município é indicado como exemplo de uma cultura empreendedora nata, fortemente apoiada em uma hipotética cultura empreendedora vista como vocação local.
This paper analyzes a recent period of Brazilian Economy with emphasis on the Northeast area within some transformations towards the management production as well as in its work organization (outsourcing, flexible production, reduction of functional hierarchies, new technologies and subcontracting). It was observed, in this context, an emergence of new direct relationships between the capitalist unit and the non-capitalist forms of occupation highlighting the procedures of working without an employment contract, part-timers or housekeepers. In this new pattern of capitalist accumulation supported by the Globalization and by the flexibility of labor relations, it is notorious the meaningful growth either towards the insertion or towards the use of female labor forces. In this sense, the theme of labor and gender relationship has received significant attention from researchers as the inclusion of women in the contemporary world predominantly takes place on the edge of the supply chain with effective job insecurity that has its manifestation in low wages, instability and lack of social rights. These indications have led us to the productive experience of a city named Toritama well known as a leading producer of clothing in Pernambuco which was marked by an economic past based on the livestock production that after joined mainly the handmade shoes production before the consolidation of the jeans production in that city which is the specific niche that characterizes this city as an LPS (Local Productive System). We have evidenced in our research that the production of clothing in the city of Toritama draws the attention because of its dynamic production based on an intensive use of labor (once it is a low-tech section of market) throughout the clear segregation by gender towards work activities and especially in labor relations that reveal themselves so flexible and precarious so that these relations are not so conceived as a part of the production chain. The city is known as an example of a cream of an entrepreneurial culture, strongly supported by a hypothetical entrepreneurial culture conceived as local professional calling.
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Peixoto, Patricia Ebani. "Do PLANFOR ao PNQ: uma análise comparativa sobre os planos de qualificação no Brasil." Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2008. http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/6507.
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Previous issue date: 2008-05-09Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar os planos de qualificação profissional dos governos FHC e do governo Lula, sob uma perspectiva comparativa, identificando os nexos existentes entre os determinantes político-ideológicos e a formulação dessas políticas. O debate acerca deste assunto privilegia as transformações no contexto brasileiro, pós-década de 80, ressaltando o cenário dos anos 90 e o primeiro governo Lula, período em que o PLANFOR e o PNQ se estruturam na perspectiva de enfrentamento dos problemas ocasionados pelo mercado de trabalho e a educação profissional passa a ser considerada como um elemento estratégico para a promoção da competitividade e do desenvolvimento do país. Investigamos as estratégias utilizadas pelas políticas, com destaque para as concepções, objetivos e elementos que norteiam as ações, forma de organização, público-alvo e esquemas de monitoramento e avaliação, dando atenção especial à análise das similaridades e divergências entre os Planos. Compreendemos que a qualificação se desenvolve dentro de um processo contraditório entre capital e trabalho, em que a própria lógica do sistema impõe dificuldades e limitações ao alcance dessas políticas. Portanto, neste trabalho abordamos questões como: as estratégias de qualificação profissional desenvolvidas pelo PLANFOR e PNQ são capazes de enfrentar os problemas ocasionados pelas transformações ocorridas no mercado de trabalho, especialmente, o fenômeno do desemprego e do aumento da precarização das condições de trabalho? A qualificação constitui-se como elemento estratégico para a promoção da competitividade e do desenvolvimento do país? Quais as concepções político-ideológicas que estão presentes nos Planos de qualificação do governo federal?
This paper aims at assessing the professional qualification plans of FHC and Lula s government under a comparative perspective, identifying the existing connections between the political-ideological determinants and the formulation of these policies. The debate about this subject privileges the changes in the Brazilian context after the 80 s, highlighting the scenery of the 90 s and the first of Lula s government, time in which PLANFOR and PNQ were structured in the perspective of problems coping resulted from the labor market. Child education starts to be regarded as a strategic element for the promotion of competitiveness and country development. We have inquired into the strategies used by the policies with a distinction for the conceptions, objectives and elements which guide the actions, form of organization, target public and projects of monitoring and assessment, emphasizing the analysis of similarities and divergences between the plans. We understand that the qualification is developed inside a contradictory process between capital and work in which the own logic of the system imposes difficulties and limitations to the reach of this policy. Therefore, in this study we have posed some questions such as: are the strategies of professional qualifications developed by PLANFOR and PNQ capable of coping with problems resulted from the changes which have taken place in the labor market, especially the unemployment phenomenon and the raise of precariousness of work conditions? Is the qualification constituted as a strategic element for the promotion of competitiveness and the country development? What are the political-ideological conceptions which are presented in the plans of the federal government qualification?
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Carneiro, Francisco Galrao. "Labour market institutions, insider power and informal employment in Brazilian wage determination : 1980-1993." Thesis, University of Kent, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.308838.
Full textBooks on the topic "Brazilian labor market"
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Macedo, Roberto. The Brazilian labor market: An overview. [Washington, D.C.]: Development Research Department, World Bank, 1986.
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Nikkeijin no rōdō shijō to esunishiti: Chihō kōgyō toshi ni shūrōsuru Nikkei Burajirujin = Labor market and ethnicity of Nikkeijin : employment of Japanese-Brazilians in local industrial cities. Tōkyō: Ochanomizu Shobō, 2005.
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Trevisan, Leonardo. The Brazilian labour market in the 1990s. London: Institute of Latin American Studies,c1998., 1998.
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Kerstenetzky, Celia Lessa, and Danielle Carusi Machado. Labor Market Development in Brazil. Edited by Edmund Amann, Carlos R. Azzoni, and Werner Baer. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190499983.013.28.
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After presenting general facts concerning the evolution of the labor market in Brazil over the 2004–2014 decade, this chapter documents the outstanding formalization process that took place, as well as its main consequences and driving forces. In this period, the Brazilian economy achieved sizable GDP growth rates. Although far below Chinese or Indian performances, in contrast to the experiences of the latter, Brazilian growth was notable for being (re)distributive (i.e. associated with important reductions in inequality). In particular, the new growth path was accompanied by a sustained expansion in formal employment, an increase in labor incomes, particularly of earnings at the bottom end of wage distribution, and a consistent decline in wage inequality. Thus, the chapter discusses some of the interventions that led to these achievements and the challenges now faced if these achievements are to be preserved or built upon.
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Coes, Donald V. Brazilian Trade and International Economic Prospects in an Anti-Globalization Era. Edited by Edmund Amann, Carlos R. Azzoni, and Werner Baer. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190499983.013.32.
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This chapter reviews some of the major trends in Brazilian trade and international economic policy, including its reaction to international commodity market and capital market shocks in recent decades and the politically driven emphasis on preferential trade. It also examines the question of how “open” the Brazilian economy is, even after some moves toward greater linkages to world markets. The chapter then considers some of the major anti-globalization trends in Brazil’s principal economic partners, and attempts to identify some of their causes. It argues that Brazil’s links to other economies through capital and labor markets are at least as important as are its commodity trade links. Trends in these markets may help explain some of the anti-globalization attitudes it may face in the future. With the half-century consensus in support of internationally open trade, capital, and labor markets seemingly under siege, the way ahead for Brazil is far from clear.
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Cruces, Guillermo, Gary S. Fields, David Jaume, and Mariana Viollaz. Brazil. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198801085.003.0009.
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During the 2000s, Brazil experienced slow economic growth and a substantial improvement in labour market indicators. From 2001 to 2012, Brazil grew less than the Latin American average. However, the unemployment rate decreased, the employment composition by occupational group, economic sector, and employment position improved, the educational level of workers rose, the share of registered workers increased, and average labour earnings went up. At the same time, poverty and inequality largely diminished. The international economic crisis had a mild effect on the Brazilian economy and some labour market indicators such as the unemployment rate, but the negative effects had been reversed by 2011.
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Versiani, Flavio. The Colonial Economy. Edited by Edmund Amann, Carlos R. Azzoni, and Werner Baer. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190499983.013.2.
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The chapter deals with characteristics of the Brazilian colonial period (from 1500 to independence from Portugal in 1822) that have exercised a significant influence on later developments. Three aspects of the institutional framework of Portuguese colonization are emphasized: the relations between the colonial government and the private sector; the pattern of access to land by colonists; and the widespread use of slave labor. It is argued that colonial policies were detrimental to private initiative, hampering access to productivity gains from industrialization in the eighteenth century. Distribution of land, in large tracts, to privileged individuals was instrumental in establishing a pattern of inequality in wealth, power, and political influence; the landless majority helped to bring about an elastic supply of labor in later periods. Slavery, which dominated the labor market from the sixteenth century to the nineteenth, was an element of the inequality in income distribution that persists to the present.
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Almeida, Rita K., Lourenço S. Paz, and Jennifer P. Poole. Precarization or protection? The impact of trade and labour policies on informality. 47th ed. UNU-WIDER, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35188/unu-wider/2021/985-3.
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Several episodes of market-oriented reforms in developing countries have been accompanied by a significant rise in work outside of the formal economy. This paper investigates whether the impact of increased exposure to trade on formal employment is mediated by the strength of labour regulations. We rely on data from the Brazilian Census which provides information on workers’ demographics and employment, including job formality status. Our estimation strategy exploits quasi-exogenous changes in industry-level real exchange rates to explore the likelihood of informality across employers exposed to varying degrees of de facto labour regulations. To instrument for labour enforcement, we utilize two key features of Brazilian labour institutions—budgetary decisions about the availability of resources occur at the federal level, while decisions about where to inspect occur at the local level. Our instrumental variables results suggest that strict labour regulations may lead to a precarization of employment, rather than offering protection for workers.
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Machado, Cecilia, Marcelo Neri, and Valdemar Pinho Neto. The gender gap, education, and the life cycle profile in the Brazilian formal labour market. UNU-WIDER, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.35188/unu-wider/2018/598-5.
Full textBook chapters on the topic "Brazilian labor market"
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Júnior, José Celso Cardoso, and Cláudia Satie Hamasaki. "Development Patterns, Labor Market, and Social Protection: The Brazilian Experience between the Liberal Decade (1990s) and Developmentalism Decade (2000s)." In The Brazilian Economy Today, 162–84. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137549815_8.
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Cazes, Sandrine, and Sher Verick. "Transitions out of Informality and Falling Unemployment: The Transformation of the Brazilian Labour Market since the 2000s." In The Labour Markets of Emerging Economies, 109–47. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137325358_4.
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Ball, Molly C. "Discrimination in the Paulistano Labor Market." In Navigating Life and Work in Old Republic São Paulo, 92–121. University Press of Florida, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9781683401667.003.0005.
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This chapter evaluates the degree of gender, racial, and national discrimination facing Paulistanos using firm-level employment records and complementary education and job evidence. By distinguishing between national groups, standard linear regressions and logit analyses demonstrate three groups faced substantial formal labor market discrimination, albeit to differing degrees and through different mechanisms. Portuguese workers were disproportionately hired into unskilled positions, Afro-Brazilians faced substantial hiring discrimination, and women faced both hiring and wage discrimination. Employers expected Portuguese workers to be unskilled and women to leave the labor market upon marriage, but Afro-Brazilians faced substantial prejudice. Hiring discrimination was consistent across the textile, commercial, railroad, and the urban transportation sectors. Prior to the war, periods of rapid growth and scarce labor supply could lessen racial prejudice and help explain the language of hope drawing Afro-Brazilians to São Paulo, but the postwar period brought a substantial contraction, making Afro-Brazilian women the most consistently excluded. Lifetime consequences of labor market discrimination were substantial, but the period saw minimal organization in opposition. One probable hypothesis explaining why more substantial mobilization did not occur was the class wage discrepancies that paled gendered, racial, and national differences.
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Mayer, Jean François. "The Limits of Labor Legislation Reforms." In Labor Politics in Latin America, 135–61. University Press of Florida, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9781683400455.003.0006.
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The literature addressing market dynamics within neoliberalism typically assumes that reforming labor legislation has a direct impact on economic performance, the configuration of labor markets, and the strength of labor organizations. Within this literature one prevalent school of thought advocates increased flexibility of labor laws as the key to creating economic prosperity, enhancing labor productivity, increasing formal sector employment, and successfully fighting poverty and socioeconomic inequality. This chapter tests these assumptions by analyzing the case of Brazil between 1995 and 2010. The chapter’s findings suggest that legislation reforms seeking to flexibilize the Brazilian labor code do not significantly change the country’s labor market or economy. The author therefore proposes that transformations in international economic contexts as well as differing policy orientations of successive Brazilian federal governments may hold more explanatory power in accounting for labor market changes during this time period.
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"Chinese and Brazilian entrepreneurs in the Portuguese labor market: common entrepreneurial strategies? PEDRO GóIS , CATARINA REIS OLIvEIRA , AND JOSé MARquES." In China's Internal and International Migration, 249–69. Routledge, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203100400-24.
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Silva, Joana, Rita Almeida, and Victoria Strokova. "Brazilian Labor Markets: Main Achievements and Remaining Challenges." In Sustaining Employment and Wage Gains in Brazil: A Skills and Jobs Agenda, 29–64. The World Bank, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1596/978-1-4648-0644-5_ch1.
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Cardoso, Adalberto. "Brazilian labour market: limits and opportu-nities for emancipation." In Work in Brazil: essays in historical and economic sociology, 173–214. EDUERJ, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.7476/9788575114551.0006.
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"The Great Fear of 1852: Riots against Enslavement in the Brazilian Empire." In The Lifework of a Labor Historian: Essays in Honor of Marcel van der Linden, 115–35. BRILL, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004386617_007.
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Ball, Molly C. "Making an Immigrant City." In Navigating Life and Work in Old Republic São Paulo, 21–45. University Press of Florida, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9781683401667.003.0002.
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This chapter demystifies how São Paulo’s population expanded from around 65,000 inhabitants in 1890 to roughly one million by 1930. It demonstrates São Paulo distinguished itself as a node of family immigration among immigrant receiving nations in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Immigrant registrations from the Hospedaria de Imigrantes and calls to immigrate, chamadas, demystify how the state’s immigration program built to support coffee agriculture dramatically impacted the city's growth and allow for distinctions between immigrant groups. There were complex and diverse migration streams to the city. Early Italian migration was followed by unskilled, Portuguese migration between 1903 and 1913, and a skilled German migration in the postwar period. This change signals that World War I marked a turning point in the city from labor-intensive toward capital-intensive growth. The records also suggest the war marked an increase in northeastern migration to São Paulo. In contrast to most regional assumptions, migrants from northeastern Brazil were more literate than many immigrant groups and Brazilians from other regions. Despite their literacy, they were much less likely to be contracted in the city than their European counterparts.
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Ball, Molly C. "The Middle-Class Glass Ceiling in the Postwar Era." In Navigating Life and Work in Old Republic São Paulo, 145–67. University Press of Florida, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9781683401667.003.0007.
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This chapter explores working Paulistanos’ access to good jobs and the limits to mobility in the 1920s. By the end of the Old Republic, laborers and liberal professionals comprised São Paulo’s middle class, and a segmented labor market existed with good jobs in commerce, transportation, and the mechanical sector and bad jobs in the textile sector. Interview transcripts and worker profiles show workers valued a high salary, opportunities for training and advancement, and family employment. Established residents and new residents, who were internal migrants, Eastern Europeans, or immigrants from other Southern Cone ports, vied for these good jobs. Despite tightening immigration regulations and increasing cost of living, the city doubled in size. Not everyone had equal access to these positions: a good appearance and the right connections facilitated entry, placing individuals coming directly from the lavoura, who could not afford the city’s overpriced clothing, women, and Afro-Brazilians increasingly at a disadvantage. The search for housing compounded disadvantages, and the working class increasingly built outward, expanding São Paulo’s footprint into the city’s floodplains. The Great Flood of 1929 demonstrated the precariousness of success and limits of opportunity as flood victims sought refuge in the Hospedaria.
Conference papers on the topic "Brazilian labor market"
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Aurélio da Cunha Soares Neto, Marco, and Chesil Batista Silva. "Role of the elderly in the labor market from theperspective of education level." In 7th International Congress on Scientific Knowledge. Perspectivas Online: Humanas e Sociais Aplicadas, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25242/8876113220212364.
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The increase in longevity and the gradual and accelerated aging of the world population are trends that highlight the needto pay attention to the peculiarities inherent to elderly citizens. The return or permanence of the elderly in the labor market often conditions them to a marginal job position, that is, retired still active or self-employed, since when the elderly is absorbed by the formal market, it is common that he accepts reduced wages and no work records, a fact that justifies the option of many elderly workers to work on their own in informality. On the other hand, the best opportunities to keep a job after retirement or re-entering the labor market belong to the more qualified elderly, with a higher level of education and, above all, to those who do not have manual labor activities. Thus, the objective of this research is to analyze the dynamics of performance of the elderly in the formal labor market, from the perspective of the level of education. Therefore, the methodological procedures used in the research will be of a qualitative and quantitative approach, from the point of view of the objectives, it is presented as an exploratory and descriptive research, as technical procedures it is presented as bibliographical, from the data collection of the Continuous PNAD, in the period between 2012 and 2020. This study hopes to understand the different aspects of the elderly in the Brazilian labor market, in addition to raising theoretical data that may allow the formulation of public policy proposals and the participation of public and private initiatives in projects for the insertion of the elderly into the labor market
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Medeiros, Albertina Pereira, Silene Seibel, Renato Natal Jorge, and Anto´nio Augusto Fernandes. "Lean Thinking and Product Innovation in the Furniture Industry." In ASME 2009 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2009-86630.
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The pressure to innovate has been particularly strong in industry traditional sectors if they are to survive to competitors with lower labour costs. Furniture has become a commodity product in some international markets. In most countries the furniture industry is highly fragmented and family owned. In this context the decision to introduce and launch new products rests solely on the owner, without considering the costumer needs. At the same time, the companies do not have an organizational structure and a formal process for managing new product development (NPD). In recent years “lean thinking” has gained increased popularity as a new paradigm of product design and manufacturing. This is due to the success which Toyota attained worldwide. The present research, still in progress, aims to answer the following research question: “Can lean thinking principles, methods and tools be applied in product development in a traditional sector such as the furniture industry?” To answer this question a research programme has been designed based on a cross-case analysis in two distinct cultural settings: the Portuguese and Brazilian furniture industries. Two in-depth case studies are in progress in two firms (one in Portugal and another in Brazil). The research programme is focused on the following principles: organize to balance functional expertise, to establish customer defined value, front load the product development process and to use tools for standardisation. The application of these principles has as its main goal to eliminate waste during the process chain and attain excellence. The first phase of the work looked into the subsystem People, with particular emphasis on the organizational structure. The preliminary results, obtained up to now, show that there is no formal product development system currently in place in the studied companies. This results in an inefficient flow of information in all phases of the product development, leading to numerous sources of waste.