Journal articles: 'Brazilian labor market'

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Botelho, Fernando, and Vladimir Ponczek. "Segmentation in the Brazilian Labor Market." Economic Development and Cultural Change 59, no. 2 (January 2011): 437–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/657127.

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Carleial, Liana, and Manoel Luiz Malaguti. "Informality and Casualization in the Brazilian Labor Market." International Journal of Political Economy 30, no. 4 (December 2000): 68–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08911916.2000.11644022.

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Da Silva Filho, Luís Abel. "Migration and Occupation in the Brazilian Labor Market." Revista Facultad de Ciencias Económicas 29, no. 1 (March 30, 2021): 49–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.18359/rfce.4995.

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Individuals’ socioeconomic and demographic characteristics have always impacted their occupation. However, few empirical studies with census data have researched how migration af- fects occupation. Therefore, this paper aims to analyze the determining factors of occupation in migrants and non-migrants aged 15 to 60 years in Brazilian municipalities. The data are taken from 2000 and 2010 Brazilian Demographic Censuses. The literature is reviewed, and then multinomial logistic regressions are used. The results show that fixed-date inter-municipal migrants in Brazil experience worse forms of insertion in the labor market than non-migrants in both censuses under analysis.

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Amaro, Marília Corrêa, Luís Abel da Silva Filho, and Fládia Valéria Dantas dos Santos. "A MULHER NO MERCADO DE TRABALHO FORMAL DA CONSTRUÇÃO CIVIL BRASILEIRA." RDE - Revista de Desenvolvimento Econômico 1, no. 39 (April 2016): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.21452/rde.v1i33.4161.

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A inserção feminina no mercado de trabalho brasileiro é resultado de um processo de transição da mulher nas relações sociais, políticas e econômicas. O avanço delas no mercado de trabalho mostra-se presente em todos os setores de atividade ao longo dos a

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Santos, Sales Augusto dos, and Nelson Olokafá Inocêncio da Silva. "Brazilian Indifference to Racial Inequality in the Labor Market." Latin American Perspectives 33, no. 4 (July 2006): 13–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0094582x06289873.

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Almeida, Aléssio Tony Cavalcanti de, and Ignácio Tavares de Araújo Júnior. "Smoking and wage penalty in the Brazilian labor market." Economia Aplicada 21, no. 2 (August 15, 2017): 249. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/1413-8050/ea146024.

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Esse artigo investiga a heterogeneidade da repercussão de hábitos pessoais não saudáveis, expressa pelo o uso do cigarro, sobre a produtividade do trabalho no Brasil. Baseado na Pesquisa Especial de Tabagismo integrante da Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios 2008, os principais modelos empíricos são desenvolvidos por meio de regressão quantílica com variáveis instrumentais. Os resultados encontrados explicitam que fumantes, independentemente dos modelos condicionados para a mé- dia ou por quantil com e sem variáveis instrumentais, apresentam menor rendimento do trabalho. Assim, a penalização salarial para fumantes com controle para endogeneidade varia de 15,2% a 36,5% ao longo da distribuição condicional dos rendimentos individuais.

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Nishijima, Marislei, André Portela Fernandes de Souza, and Flávia Mori Sarti. "Trends in child labor and the impact on health in adulthood in Brazil from 1998 to 2008." Cadernos de Saúde Pública 31, no. 5 (May 2015): 1071–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0102-311x00009914.

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There is little evidence in Brazil on the impact of child labor on health status in adulthood. This study aimed to investigate trends in child labor in Brazil and estimate the long-term effects of child labor on the health of Brazilian adults, using nationally representative databases (Brazilian National Household Sample Survey) from three different years (1998, 2003, and 2008). The models were based on a two-stage linear equation and Generalized Method of Moments (GMM). The results suggest that child labor has declined in Brazil, although the data still show patterns of early entry into the country’s labor market. Regardless of the type of work, child labor adversely affected health outcomes in adulthood, both directly (impacts on health outcomes) and indirectly (losses in educational attainment). Child labor places a long-term burden on Brazilians, jeopardizing the formation of human capital through negative impacts on health outcomes in adulthood.

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Mont’Alvao, Arnaldo, and Carlos Costa Ribeiro. "Youth Labor Market Prospects in Times of Economic Recession in Brazil." ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 688, no. 1 (March 2020): 38–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002716219896329.

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The article examines young people’s labor market prospects in Brazil during the most recent economic recession (2014–2017). We draw on data from the Continuous National Household Sample Survey (PNAD Continua), between 2012 and 2017, to estimate both average labor market indicators over time and proportional hazard models of unemployment and underemployment. We find that youths’ labor market prospects declined considerably over the period, and, as in many countries during economic downturns, young people were more affected than adults. The analysis shows that gender, race, and education impact the hazards of unemployment and underemployment among young Brazilians. Kaplan-Meier curves show that differences between white and African Brazilian youth, as well as between college-educated youth and high school graduates (or less), increased between 2016 and 2017, when economic activity was at its worst level.

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Haussmann, Samantha, and André Braz Golgher. "Shrinking gender wage gaps in the Brazilian labor market: an application of the APC approach." Nova Economia 26, no. 2 (August 2016): 429–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-6351/2680.

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Abstract: Labor market literature attests that men tend to earn more than women in similar occupations in Brazil and elsewhere. However, some recent trends that have occurred in Brazil promote the narrowing of gender gaps in the labor market. This paper analyzes this issue empirically with the use of PNADs, Mincerian wage equations, and a hierarchical model based on the Age-Period-Cohort approach. We observed that gender wage gaps were shrinking and, although there might still be an unexplained advantage for men in the labor market, the evolution of women's endowments for the labor market and the decrease in labor market segregation significantly compensated for this difference. Due to these trends, after controlling for cohort differences, we observed non-significant gender wage gaps in some models.

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Gonçalves, S., T. P. Rodrigues, and A. L. S. Chagas. "The impact of wind power on the Brazilian labor market." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 128 (August 2020): 109887. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.109887.

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FERNANDES, GUSTAVO ANDREY DE ALMEIDA LOPES. "BRAZILIAN FEMALE LABOR MARKET: RACIAL-SKIN COLOR DISCRIMINATION AND INEFFICIENCY." Economia Aplicada 19, no. 2 (June 2015): 241–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1413-8050/ea85456.

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Arabage, Amanda Cappellazzo, and André Portela Souza. "Wage dynamics and inequality in the Brazilian formal labor market." EconomiA 20, no. 3 (September 2019): 153–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.econ.2019.10.001.

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Reis, Mauricio. "Vocational Training and Labor Market Outcomes in Brazil." B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy 15, no. 1 (January 1, 2015): 377–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bejeap-2013-0023.

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Abstract This paper examines the effect of vocational training on labor market outcomes in Brazilian metropolitan areas. Estimates based on difference-in-differences matching indicate that vocational training increases monthly and hourly labor earnings, as well as the probability of getting a job. However, evidence does not indicate that this kind of training improves access to jobs in the formal sector. Also according to the results, vocational training in Brazil seems to be more effective for workers with more labor market experience and for those with a higher level of formal education than for individuals in disadvantaged groups.

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Barby Pavani, Gustavo, Marco Antônio César Villatore, and Augustus Bonner Cochran III. "Economic and social aspects in the analysis of public policies related to brazilian labor market and its performance in the application of capability approach." Revista Chilena de Derecho del Trabajo y de la Seguridad Social 9, no. 18 (December 30, 2018): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5354/0719-7551.2018.52060.

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Given the cyclical nature of economic crises, this paper aims to demonstrate the importance of employment as a means of promoting the expansion of individual capabilities. It analyzes the Brazilian labor market and its characteristics, eliciting the relevance of addressing the quality of work, especially about its precarity, focusing in reducing inequalities and social exclusion. The paper also outlines about public policies applied by the Brazilian government and points out some alternatives for the country’s labor market based on the expansion of personal freedoms.

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Fernandes, Antonio Jorge, Margarete Arbugeri, and Nilton Formiga. "The Brazilian Economy in the 1980s." International Journal for Innovation Education and Research 9, no. 6 (June 1, 2021): 173–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol9.iss6.3165.

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Known as a lost decade, the 1980s marked several events in Brazil and other Latin American countries. Such events had a profound impact not only on the economy but also on Brazilian democracy. The Brazilian economy in the 1980s went through one of the most serious crises in its history, which resulted in the stagnation of gross domestic product and unprecedented inflation rates. Despite this critical economic situation, social indicators showed positive evolution. It was shown that, although Brazilian families adopted as a strategy to face this crisis the overuse of family work force in the labor market, the evolution of income and poverty in this period was unfavorable.

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Godoy, Marcia Regina, and Divanildo Triches. "Effects of physical activity on earnings in the Brazilian labor market." EconomiA 18, no. 2 (May 2017): 180–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.econ.2016.07.001.

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Mello, Gustavo, Henrique Braga, and Mauricio de Souza Sabadini. "Capital accumulation, crisis, and labor market in modern Brazil." Revista Katálysis 22, no. 1 (April 2019): 15–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1982-02592019v22n1p15.

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Abstract This article presents the recent changes in the Brazilian labor market, resulting from the recessionary dynamics of the world capitalist economy of the last decades manifested since the 2007-2008 crisis. It observes the insertion of Brazil in the global capitalist economy and the foundations supporting the processes of reproduction of capital, analyzing some indicators of the labor market related to the labor-power employment, wage, rates of formalization and turnover, in light of central tendencies and determinations of today’s process of expanded reproduction of capital. The study contributes to clarify phenomena such as the tendency to identify formal and informal work, the reconstitution of the industrial reserve army, wage repression and intensification of labor, which are promoted by the ongoing “reforms” in Brazil.

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Menezes, Tatiane Almeida de, and Isabel Pessoa de Arruda Raposo. "Wage differentials by firm size: the efficiency wage test in a developing country." Estudos Econômicos (São Paulo) 44, no. 1 (March 2014): 45–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0101-41612014000100002.

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Using data from the Brazilian Labor Monthly Survey (PME/ IBGE) for the years of 2006 and 2007, the paper investigates if the wage differential by firm size in Brazil can be explained by the predictions of the Efficiency Wage Theory. It is adopted a Switching Regression Model to estimate if large size companies pay a higher wage premium for dispended labor effort, as compared to smaller enterprises. The results prove the EW predictions since they evidence positive relationships between wages and labor effort, schooling and longer job duration. However, such findings are not sufficient to explain the existence of wage differentials by firm size in the Brazilian labor market.

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Kotani, Machiyo. "Labor Contractors’ Corporate Strategy and the Japanese Brazilian Labor Market: Focusing on Minokamo City, Gifu Prefecture." Japanese Journal of Human Geography 66, no. 4 (2014): 330–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4200/jjhg.66.4_330.

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Roberto Amorim Loureiro, Paulo, Ricardo Azevedo Araujo, and Nathalia Almeida de Souza. "An evaluation of the Brazilian informal labor market from 1995 to 2008." Journal of Economic Studies 40, no. 1 (January 18, 2013): 71–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01443581311283510.

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de Souza Ferreira Filho, Joaquim Bento. "Food security, the labor market, and poverty in the Brazilian bio-economy." Agricultural Economics 44, s1 (July 15, 2013): 85–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/agec.12053.

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French, J. Lawrence. "Children’s Labor Market Involvement, Household Work, and Welfare: A Brazilian Case Study." Journal of Business Ethics 92, no. 1 (June 12, 2009): 63–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10551-009-0140-y.

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Mello, Sidney Luiz de Matos, Nicholas Van Erven Ludolf, Osvaldo Luiz Gonçalves Quelhas, and Marcelo Jasmim Meiriño. "Innovation in the digital era: new labor market and educational changes." Ensaio: Avaliação e Políticas Públicas em Educação 28, no. 106 (March 2020): 66–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0104-40362019002702511.

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Abstract The digital era highlights industrial advances, changes in the labor market, and in the educational system. This study investigates these factors through analytical indicators such as the workforce, education, and innovation in Brazil within a global context. It is a qualitative exploratory research that enables a reflection on the relations between the workforce and technological education for the skilled labor. The database used includes documentary data from the literature and data from census surveys in Brazil and abroad. Data indicate that Brazil is significantly delayed in the digital industry, human capital, and research – behind all the other BRICS countries (Russia, India, China and South Africa) in terms of innovation. About 11 million people aged 15–29 are not working and are not enrolled in high school, college, technical course, or vocational qualification. The number of students aged 15 to 19 years old attending technical courses is still around 9%. The network of national technical institutes is key for the rapid recomposition of the skilled labor with regard to industry. The Brazilian economy needs to grow to strengthen both the digital industry and research. Public policies need to heed the advice regarding the link between technical education and industry. This is equally important for the success of the Brazilian Agenda for Industry 4.0.

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Bortoluzzo, Maurício Mesquita, Sergio Naruhiko Sakurai, and Adriana Bruscato Bortoluzzo. "Allocation of foreign direct investment across brazilian states." Estudos Econômicos (São Paulo) 43, no. 2 (June 2013): 241–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0101-41612013000200002.

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Foreign direct investment (FDI) has become increasingly important for the Brazilian economy: the ratio of FDI inflow to the country's gross domestic product (GDP) increased from a 0.6% average in the 1980's to 2.5% from 2001 to 2010, according to data from UNCTAD. However, there is great inequality in the distribution of this investment among Brazilian federation units. This study aims at investigating the determining factors for the location of foreign direct investment across Brazilian states, based on an econometric study with panel data for the years 1995, 2000 and 2005. The results showed that foreign investment responded positively to consumer market size, quality of labor and transport infrastructure, but negatively to cost of labor and tax burden.

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Dix-Carneiro, Rafael, Rodrigo R. Soares, and Gabriel Ulyssea. "Economic Shocks and Crime: Evidence from the Brazilian Trade Liberalization." American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 10, no. 4 (October 1, 2018): 158–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/app.20170080.

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This paper studies the effect of changes in economic conditions on crime. We exploit the 1990s trade liberalization in Brazil as a natural experiment generating exogenous shocks to local economies. We document that regions exposed to larger tariff reductions experienced a temporary increase in crime following liberalization. Next, we investigate through what channels the trade–induced economic shocks may have affected crime. We show that the shocks had significant effects on potential determinants of crime, such as labor market conditions, public goods provision, and income inequality. We propose a novel framework exploiting the distinct dynamic responses of these variables to obtain bounds on the effect of labor market conditions on crime. Our results indicate that this channel accounts for 75 to 93 percent of the effect of the trade–induced shocks on crime. (JEL D31, F13, F16, H41, K42, O17, O19)

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Giatti, Luana, Sandhi Maria Barreto, and Cibele Comini César. "Informal work, unemployment and health in Brazilian metropolitan areas, 1998 and 2003." Cadernos de Saúde Pública 24, no. 10 (October 2008): 2396–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-311x2008001000020.

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This study investigates whether employment with no social security, as well as short and long term unemployment are associated with worse health among Brazilians. The representative study sample was taken from two National Health Surveys and included men aged between 15 and 64 who lived in one of the eight metropolitan regions of Brazil in 1998 (n = 31,870) and 2003 (n = 32,887). Both surveys showed that full and part time workers with no social security, as well as those in short and long term (> 12 months) unemployment had worse health indicators, regardless of age or schooling, when compared with full-time workers (> 40 hours/week) who had some form of social security through their employment. Hepatic cirrhosis was the disease most strongly associated with labor market status. Its prevalence was higher among individuals in long term unemployment and those with no social security. Labor market status was also negatively associated with the use of health care services, especially medical visits. The present study shows that the absence of social security at work, unemployment and length of unemployment, characterize heterogeneous groups of individuals in relation to health. Results reinforce the need to incorporate labor market status in research into health inequalities.

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Mannarelli Filho, Téucle, Renata Barbieri, Paloma Cardoso De Figueiredo, Glaucia Aparecida Prates, and Lesley Carina do Lago Attadia Galli. "Análise da Internacionalização: Um Estudo de Caso da Indústria Têxtil Portuguesa no Mercado Brasileiro." Future Studies Research Journal: Trends and Strategies 12, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 203–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.24023/futurejournal/2175-5825/2020.v12i1.395.

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Objective of the study: To investigate the internationalization opportunities of the business group of the Portuguese textile industrial MoreTextile for the Brazilian market.Methodology/approach: A study of an applied nature with qualitative orientation was carried out through a single case.Originality/Relevance: The study is justified by the size and potential of the Brazilian market, associated with factors that facilitate this process, such as cultural similarities and the availability of raw materials necessary to manufacture the products, considering that Brazil is among the world's five largest cotton producers.Main results: The main positive aspects that justify the internationalization process of the Portuguese textile industry MoreTextile are: the opening of new markets guided by a more sustainable consumption and the availability of raw materials in Brazil. The negative aspects are: tariff barriers, high competitiveness, political instability, lack of qualified labor and logistics costs.Theoretical / methodological contributions: the study allowed to verify the opportunities and limitations in the internationalization process of the Portuguese textile industry for the Brazilian market.

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Mendonça, Maria Luisa, and Fábio Teixeira Pitta. "International Financial Capital and the Brazilian Land Market." Latin American Perspectives 45, no. 5 (June 29, 2017): 88–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0094582x17713180.

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International financial capital stimulated the production of industrial agricultural supplies in Brazil during the foreign debt crisis of the 1980s. In the mid-1990s new financial sources became available for debt rollovers, and this fueled a new cycle of industrialization in agriculture. This trend intensified in the years that followed, when commodity prices were high on the international markets. It led to an increase in the concentration of capital in agricultural assets such as machinery and land, which in turn generated a new cycle of indebtedness for agribusiness. This process of crisis accumulation was marked by the overexploitation of labor and predatory control over natural resources. Capitais financeiros internacionais de empréstimo fomentaram a internalização da produção de insumos industriais agrícolas no Brasil, em um período que coincide com a crise da dívida externa brasileira na década de 1980. A partir da metade da década de 1990, a retomada dos financiamentos para a rolagem de dívidas promoveu um novo ciclo de industrialização da agricultura. Esta tendência se acentuou nos anos posteriores durante o período de alta dos preços das commodities no mercado internacional e fomentou o aumento da concentração de ativos financeiros na forma de maquinário e terras, gerando um novo ciclo de endividamento para o agronegócio. Este processo de crise-acumulação é marcado pela superexploração do trabalho e pelo controle predatório de recursos naturais.

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Amorim, Wilson Aparecido Costa de, Marcus Vinicius Gonçalves da Cruz, Amyra Moyzes Sarsur, and André Luiz Fischer. "HRM in Brazil: an institutional approach." Revista de Gestão 28, no. 1 (February 19, 2021): 84–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rege-08-2020-0074.

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PurposeThe purpose of this work is to comparatively study human resources management (HRM) areas in Brazil, at the national level, analyzing how companies considered labor market and labor relations aspects when building their strategies and when configuring people management models in place in the country (2014–2019), based on local conditions.Design/methodology/approachThe subject was approached through qualitative analysis, encompassing document survey, systematic literature review, specialists' panel discussions, eight focus groups (43 human resources [HR] managers), interviews (16 union members), applying institutional approach to people management.FindingsIn regards to labor market and unions, HR areas faced different conditions across Brazilian regions. They have dealt with those influences on their strategic and quotidian decisions in an unstructured fashion. HR areas remain constructed as traditional, adjuvant and far from strategic level. In the institutionalization process – normative isomorphism – a professional HR jargon use was identified. HR areas usually act in collective bargaining, resorting to specialized professionals or consulting companies. During the economic crisis, HR professionals' attitude had a reactive nature, responding to organizations leadership, with little dedication to the emerging context.Practical implicationsThis work enables important players like HR managers, union members and specialists in public policies to interpret the institutionalization phenomena of practices related to management, labor market and labor relations in the country.Social implicationsUnderstanding the effects of the relations among state, companies and unions allows the different power vectors, acting upon the institutionalization process of people management areas in the Brazilian case, to be outlined.Originality/valueThis study applies the institutional approach to understand the economic and social heterogeneity affecting organizations in Brazil. It enhances the knowledge on HRM areas scope and their articulation toward labor market and relations.

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Correa Junior, Carlos Barbosa, Leonardo Nelmi Trevisan, and Cristina Helena Pinto de Mello. "Impacts of the Bolsa Família Program on the labor market of Brazilian municipalities." Revista de Administração Pública 53, no. 5 (September 2019): 838–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0034-761220180026x.

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Resumo Beneficiando cerca de 14 milhões de famílias brasileiras, o Programa Bolsa Família (PBF) é um dos mais importantes programas brasileiros de transferência condicionada de renda dos últimos anos. A investigação dos impactos do PBF, no mercado de trabalho formal dos 5.570 municípios brasileiros, no período de 2004 a 2013, constitui o principal objetivo deste artigo. Usando dados totais de cada um dos municípios da União, obtidos no Cadastro Único do Ministério do Desenvolvimento Social (MDS) e no Cadastro Central de Empresas do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE), métodos de estimação dos mínimos quadrados ordinários (MQO), modelos de dados em painel e modelos dinâmicos, testam-se as hipóteses da associação do benefício do PBF com a quantidade de pessoal ocupado assalariado formal e com o total dos salários e de outras remunerações. Nos três modelos utilizados, os resultados indicam associação positiva para as duas hipóteses testadas.

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Carneiro, Francisco Galrão, and Jorge Saba Arbache. "The Impacts of Trade on the Brazilian Labor Market: A CGE Model Approach." World Development 31, no. 9 (September 2003): 1581–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0305-750x(03)00106-2.

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Amorim, Wilson, AndréLuiz Fischer, and Fabiana Bitencourt Fevorini. "Workers age 50 and over in the Brazilian labor market: is there ageism?" Revista de Gestão 26, no. 2 (May 7, 2019): 161–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rege-09-2018-0092.

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Purpose This paper deals with the insertion of workers aged 50 years or more in the Brazilian labor market. Considering this question, the purpose of this paper is to raise evidence about the existence of ageism – prejudice against that age range. The paper identifies the characteristics of participation by workers age 50 or older in Brazil’s formal labor market. The paper also identifies whether and how the specific issues of these workers are handled in the individual employment contract, with the human resources management (HRM) policies and practices of a group of companies. Design/methodology/approach The study applied a quantitative approach in an analysis of the older population in the Brazilian labor market (Annual Social Information Report (RAIS) database and “MEPT” survey database – 2011/2016). The RAIS data are collected annually by the Ministério do Trabalho e Emprego – MTE, coming from all establishments with or without formal employees, whether statutory (public servants) or private organizations. MEPT survey is an annual study focused on quality of the organizational environment and HRM practices (organizations participate voluntarily). A qualitative approach was applied also in a document content analysis on information about HRM policies and practices based on MEPT companies’ research evidence reports. Findings There is evidence of ageism among private companies in Brazil with better HRM. These companies hire proportionally less old workers than the market and their HRM policies and practices scarcely handle with employees. The workers age 50 and over among the workers employed (private and mixed capital companies) have growing participation in the labor market. The profile of these workers is predominantly male, higher level education considering the market average, and working under longer lasting formal contracts comparing all workers combined. People involved in the individual hiring of workers from this age group do not even give this subject much attention. Research limitations/implications The specific objective of verifying if and how the specific issues that workers of 50 years and older are dealing; in the individual hiring for work, encountered limitations based on the restricted character of the data presented. In particular, the information related to the best companies (MEPT) is representative only of its own group and thus is restricted to the private sector. Although this cannot be generalized, they offer support for reflections on the subject. Practical implications This paper shows how companies with advanced HRM handle with older workers in their policies and practices. Social implications This work points out that that the aging of workers will be a problem to be discussed by the companies HRM in the future. Originality/value This paper identifies the need to study how companies will deal with the increasing number of older workers.

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Garcias, Marcos de Oliveira, and Ana Lucia Kassouf. "Assessment of rural credit impact on land and labor productivity for Brazilian family farmers." Nova Economia 26, no. 3 (December 2016): 721–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-6351/2761.

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Abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of rural credit on land and labor productivity for Brazilian family farmers and assess factors influencing the rural credit approval process. The study employs data contained in the 2006 Brazilian Municipality1 Agricultural Census and a “trade index” (TI) specifically constructed to differentiate family farmers. The impact of credit on land and labor productivity was calculated by comparing the productivity of a group of family farmers that received credit with the productivity of a group of family farmers that were credit restricted. The groups were constructed with the aid of propensity score matching. When statistically significant, the average effect of credit was found to increase the recipient’s productivity of land and labor. It was also found that productivity increases due to the use of credit aligned with the level of the family farmer’s integration into the commercial market and, therefore, one credit policy does not fit for all Brazilian family farmers.

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T.A. Moraes, Sylvia, and Angela da Rocha. "Alpha Tech: a Brazilian software firm goes international." Management Decision 52, no. 9 (October 14, 2014): 1680–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/md-10-2013-0561.

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Purpose – This strategy-learning case traces the growth of AlphaTech, a publicly traded company in Brazil that is a management software company. The purpose of this paper is to debate whether or not the firm should give more emphasis to internationalization, given its high market share in Brazil, where further gains may be very expensive and difficult. The case is intended to serve as a vehicle to discuss the internationalization process of a software firm from an emerging economy. Design/methodology/approach – The case was built using several sources of information, including interviews with two executives in charge of the firm's internationalization process, articles in business newspapers and magazines, a book written by the firm co-founders, reports, and information gathered in the internet. Findings – The main issues posed by this case study are: first, the difficulties faced by an emerging market firm to get a sustainable position in international markets; second, the challenges of competing with powerful global multinational corporations (such as SAP and Oracle) in the international marketplace; and third, the need to adapt the firm's international strategy to new threats and opportunities. Originality/value – The Brazilian context differs from other BRICS, since Brazilian software firms do not have access to low-cost labor and therefore cannot adopt a low price strategy to compete effectively in international markets, but rather need to build unique capabilities to overcome liabilities of foreignness.

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Chahad, José Paulo Zeetano, and Reynaldo Fernandes. "Unemployment insurance and transitions in the labor market: An evaluation of the Brazilian program." Brazilian Review of Econometrics 22, no. 2 (November 2, 2002): 239. http://dx.doi.org/10.12660/bre.v22n22002.2737.

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Kakwani, Nanak, Marcelo Côrtes Neri, and Hyun H. Son. "Linkages Between Pro-Poor Growth, Social Programs and Labor Market: The Recent Brazilian Experience." World Development 38, no. 6 (June 2010): 881–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2010.02.015.

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Narita, Renata, and Maria Dolores Montoya Diaz. "Teenage motherhood, education, and labor market outcomes of the mother: Evidence from Brazilian data." EconomiA 17, no. 2 (May 2016): 238–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.econ.2016.05.003.

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Firpo, Sergio, Sandro Carvalho, and Renan Pieri. "Using occupational structure to measure employability with an application to the Brazilian labor market." Journal of Economic Inequality 14, no. 1 (July 30, 2015): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10888-015-9313-3.

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Jacobowitz, Seth. "A BITTER BREW: COFFEE AND LABOR IN JAPANESE BRAZILIAN IMMIGRANT LITERATURE." Estudos Japoneses, no. 41 (June 13, 2019): 13–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.2447-7125.v0i41p13-30.

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Transoceanic passage brought nearly 189,000 immigrants from Japan to Brazil between 1908 and 1941. They were often geographically isolated in Japanese “colonies” as coffee plantation workers and thus able to maintain their Japanese linguistic and cultural identity. A new imagined community coalesced in the several Japanese-language immigrant newspapers that also published locally produced serial fiction. This paper reads two representative works by Sugi Takeo, pen name of Takei Makoto (1909-2011), who was a prolific contributor of original content to the Burajiru Jihô newspaper. In the short stories, “Kafé-en o uru” (Selling the coffee plantation, 1933) and “Tera Roshya” (Terra rossa, 1937), it is the moonshine sellers who see steady profits from every race and type of immigrant laborer while the Japanese newcomers who naively dream of riches by bringing coffee to market reap only a bitter brew of poverty for their efforts.

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Ribeiro, Bianca Zanella, Daniella Lisieux Oliveira Navarro, Helena Prates, and Teresa Ruão. "BRAZIL DOES NOT NEED HUMAN AND SOCIAL SCIENCES: a possible reading of government advertising about Enem." Revista Observatório 6, no. 2 (April 1, 2020): a15en. http://dx.doi.org/10.20873/uft.2447-4266.2020v6n2a15en.

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This text presents a critical analysis of Enem's official dissemination campaigns in the years 2019 and 2020 amidst a scenario of political tensions between government and federal universities, also marked by the coronavirus pandemic. The study shows a partial representation, in the scope of Brazilian government advertising, sciences and higher education, characterized mainly by the overvaluation of courses in Health Sciences and courses traditionally valued by the labor market, such as Law and Engineering, in contrast to the relative invisibility of Human, Social Sciences and other areas of knowledge.

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Lopes, Ana Maria D'Ávila, Marynna Laís Quirino Pereira, and Lucas Vieira Barjud Marques. "The incorporation of women’s empowerment principles (WEPs) as criteria for granting the national social responsibility seal for prison work (RESCUE)." Research, Society and Development 10, no. 12 (September 14, 2021): e100101220249. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i12.20249.

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Gender discrimination against women in the labor market remains a global scourge. This situation is even more aggravated in the case of women prisoners or ex-prisoners, who suffer not only from gender bias, but from their involvement with the criminal world. In this context, the present work aimed to propose the incorporation of the Women's Empowerment Principles (WEPs) proposed by the United Nations (UN), as a new criterion for the granting of the National Seal of Social Responsibility for Prison Work (RESCUE). The RESCUE, created in 2017 by the National Penitentiary Department (DEPEN), of the Brazilian State, has the purpose of recognizing the initiatives of public and private institutions that hire people deprived of their liberty or those released from the national prison system. For this purpose, bibliographic and documentary research was carried out on Brazilian doctrine and legislation, as well as on UN documents. It was concluded that there is a need and urgency for the Brazilian State to improve the mechanisms for the inclusion of women in the labor market, especially in the case of those prisoners or those who are discharged from the penitentiary system, being RESCUE an important initiative that can be significantly improved by including WEPs, as one of the criteria for its award.

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Dias, Elizabeth Costa, Roberval Passos de Oliveira, Jorge H. Machado, Carlos Minayo-Gomez, Marco Antonio Gomes Perez, Maria da Graça L. Hoefel, and Vilma Sousa Santana. "Employment conditions and health inequities: a case study of Brazil." Cadernos de Saúde Pública 27, no. 12 (December 2011): 2452–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-311x2011001200016.

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This paper was prepared for the Employment Conditions and Health Inequalities Knowledge Network (EMCONET), part of the WHO Commission on the Social Determinants of Health. We describe the Brazilian context of employment conditions, labor conditions and health, their characteristics and causal relationships. The social, political and economic factors that influence these relationships are also presented with an emphasis on social inequalities, and how they are reproduced within the labor market and thereby affect the health and wellbeing of workers. A literature review was conducted in SciELO, LILACS, Google and Google Scholar, MEDLINE and the CAPES Brazilian thesis database. We observed that there are more workers operating in the informal sector than in the formal sector and these former have no social insurance or any other social benefits. Work conditions and health are poor in both informal and formal enterprises since health and safety labor norms are not effective. The involvement of social movements and labor unions in the elaboration and management of workers' health polices and programs with universal coverage, is a promising initiative that is underway nationwide.

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Balsadi, Otavio Valentim, and Mauro Eduardo DelGrossi. "Labor and Employment in Brazilian Northeastern Agriculture: a look at the 2004-2014 period." Revista de Economia e Sociologia Rural 56, no. 1 (March 2018): 19–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1234-56781806-94790560102.

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Abstract: The labor market in the Brazilian Northeastern agriculture is characterized by many forms of occupation, ranging from the salaried work to the various forms of family work. In a heterogeneous and diverse agriculture, there is a complex labor market, with changes in recent times. Therefore, it is necessary to keep a watchful eye on important structural features. As a result, this paper aims to analyze the main aspects related to work and employment relations in the Brazilian Northeastern agriculture in the 2004-2014 period. The sources of information are special tabulations from the National Survey by Household Sample (PNAD), conducted by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). The results pointed to a continuing decline in Northeastern PEA (Economically Active Population) occupied in agriculture, partially offset by the growth of Northeastern rural residents occupied in non-agricultural activities, in addition to the people occupied in self-consumption production. Women and young people were the ones who mostly left the agricultural activities, reinforcing the “ageing” process of the occupied PEA. The crops with the largest reduction in the occupied in agricultural PEA were: cassava, rice, coffee, banana, sugarcane, cocoa, vegetables and fruits. On the other hand, the number of occupied people increased in: corn and grape cultivation, services for agriculture, swine and poultry farming and integrated agricultural and livestock production systems. An increase in schooling of the occupied PEA was registered, though it is still below the national average.

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Pais, Paloma Santana Moreira, Felipe de Figueiredo Silva, and Evandro Camargos Teixeira. "The influence of Bolsa Familia conditional cash transfer program on child labor in Brazil." International Journal of Social Economics 44, no. 2 (February 13, 2017): 206–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijse-02-2015-0038.

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Purpose The Brazilian Government created the Bolsa Familia program to combat poverty and the insertion of so many children into the labor market. This program is an income transfer program subject to certain conditions such as a minimum school attendance for children under 17 years of age. In 2006, almost half of the people with an income per capita of R$300.00 (US$139.53) per month declared that they received this benefit. Accordingly, the purpose of this paper is to analyze the impact of Bolsa Familia on child labor in Brazil in 2006. Design/methodology/approach The authors used a propensity score matching model with data from the National Household Sample Survey PESQUISA NACIONAL POR AMOSTRA DE DOMICÍLIOS (PNAD), for 2006. Findings Results indicate that the program increased the number of hours of child labor in Brazil. However, this outcome might be explained by the fact that those families who received Bolsa Familia were also those with higher socioeconomic vulnerability. Thus, they need to guarantee their survival with the income generated via child labor. Social implications The Brazilian Government needs to invest not only in monetary transfer policies but also in the improvement of the job market to create opportunities for the social development of children. Originality/value The contribution of the paper is the investigation into the effect of the Bolsa Familia program on the average time allocated to child labor; the authors find that this time allocation could be reduced by requiring a compulsory school attendance.

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Schwaab, Kalu Soraia, Vanessa Rabelo Dutra, Paulo Fernando Marschner, and Paulo Sergio Ceretta. "HOW MUCH HEAVIER IS A “HOE” FOR WOMEN? WAGE GENDER DISCRIMINATION IN THE BRAZILIAN AGRICULTURAL SECTOR." Contextus – Revista Contemporânea de Economia e Gestão 17, no. 2 (August 16, 2019): 37–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.19094/contextus.v17i2.39969.

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This paper aims at analyzing the existence of wage differentials by genders in the agricultural labor market in the Brazilian rural area, with the purpose of verifying if the differentials are due to differences in explained characteristics or discriminatory. Equations were estimated and the wage differential detailed decomposition with microdata from the PNAD 2015 with the Heckman's correction. The method used was the decomposition of Oaxaca-Blinder. The main results show that the wage/hour of men is 157.62% higher than that of women, and the effect of discrimination is 108.38% this gap. The main conclusion indicates that the gender wage differential decreases with the formality of work and with the increase of hours worked by women. It is worth nothing that the results provide the visualization of gender discrimination in the rural labor market, adding contributions to the empirical studies on wage differentials.

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Marinho, Emerson, and Sérgio Mendes. "The impact of government income transfers on the Brazilian job market." Estudos Econômicos (São Paulo) 43, no. 1 (March 2013): 29–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0101-41612013000100002.

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This paper intends to analyze the impact of transferences over the formal and informal labor supply from the family heads. For the analyze of the effects in scope of the entrance decisions in job market it was estimated a multinomial logit, while in the scope of the working time it was used a variation of the method of Durbin and McFadden (1984) for selection bias correction. It has verified that transferences have positive effect over the probabilities that the individual doesn't work and does informally work. However, this last one seems to be related to a substitution effect, once it has been observed a parallel negative effect over the probability to work on the formal sector. It has been obtained yet that the benefits negatively impacts on the offered hours by the family heads whether in the formal or non-formal sector, effect that has happened to be verified on the hours offering in formal sector of all individuals. On the other hand, as we consider the hours of working of those who are engaged in informal sector, it has obtained that income transferences perform not as a discourage issue but as a magnifier factor of worked hours.

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Andrade, Juliana Lopes, and Marina Silva da Cunha. "The impact of postponing motherhood on women's income in Brazil." Economia Aplicada 25, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 65–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/1980-5330/ea165870.

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This paper investigates the impact of the postponement of motherhood on women’s earnings and gender gap in Brazilian labor market, based on data from Brazilian National Health Survey of 2013. Using the Heckman (1979) approach, the results suggest that postponing motherhood has a positive impact of 1.55% on earnings each year of postponement. By comparing men and women, the results suggest that being a woman generates a wage penalty of approximately 22%, but the postponing of motherhood can eliminate that gender gap, especially for those who are white, yellow, and higher educated.

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Machado, Ana Flávia, Alexandre Rabelo, and Arthur Gomes Moreira. "Specificities of the artistic cultural labor market in Brazilian metropolitan regions between 2002 and 2010." Journal of Cultural Economics 38, no. 3 (August 27, 2013): 237–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10824-013-9210-1.

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Anner, Mark. "Forging New Labor Activism in Global Commodity Chains in Latin America." International Labor and Working-Class History 72, no. 1 (2007): 18–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s014754790700052x.

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AbstractInternational industrial restructuring has fomented a decline in unionization in Latin America and has forced labor organizations to pursue new forms of activism. Due to the segmentation of the production process and the dispersion of the locations of production sites, the coordination of collective action has become more difficult. At the same time, labor law reforms have failed to respond to the challenges presented by market-oriented industrial reforms. As a result, labor activists are resorting to new or modified forms of labor organizing, ranging from domestic cross-class collaboration to international alliances and sporadic campaigns with labor and nongovernmental organizations. The sources of this variation in new labor actions can be found not only in contemporary political and economic contexts, but also in labor histories and ideational influences. An exploration of labor actions in the Salvadoran export apparel sector and the Brazilian automobile industry illustrates these processes.

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Araujo, Gustavo Cunha de. "Education in Brazil between 1930 and 1985: prioritizing quantity over quality in educational expansion." Perspectiva 39, no. 3 (February 23, 2021): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-795x.2021.e70567.

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In the history of research on Brazilian education, several studies address the expansion of elementary education over the years in the country, in addition to the historical pedagogical context that permeated this process of expansion in the period between 1930 and 1985. The main objective of this article is to analyze the process of expansion of Brazilian Elementary Education, based on the Laws of Guidelines and Bases of National Education (GBNE) no. 4.024/61 and no. 5.692/71. The article concludes that the educational policy of the military dictatorship in Brazil after the 1960s was supported by these two laws, and that their main objective was to ensure the expansion of vacancies in elementary education, aiming at the minimum qualification for entry into the labour market, prioritising the quantity and not the quality of education. Public education materialized in the formation of human resources is considered a way to guarantee productivity; attending, on the one hand, to the demands of qualified labor for the capitalist market, and on the other hand, to the improvement of wages and the distribution of income to the elites.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Brazilian labor market'

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