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Smith, Kellan Kathleen. "Caregivers and Breadwinners, Daughters and Sisters: The Relationship between Informal English Language Acquisition and Household Roles Among Bhutanese Refugee Women in Tucson." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/311822.
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Merlat, Tchoutchoua Bonjawo Honorée. "Les jeunes filles « soutien de famille » à Yaoundé : analyse sociologique d’un phénomène répandu mais invisible." Thesis, Paris 10, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA100006/document.
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Cette thèse examine la contribution économique des jeunes filles de Yaoundé (Cameroun) aux ressources de la famille de naissance. Phénomène très peu étudié dans le domaine des sciences sociales, l’objectif était d’en faire un objet de recherche à part entière. L’étude mobilise des entretiens semi-structurés auprès de 45 femmes (hébergées, chefs de ménage et mariées). Il ressort des résultats que le soutien économique de ces jeunes filles au profit de leur famille ne se fait pas spontanément. C’est la résultante d’un long processus intégrant les configurations sociales, familiales et individuelles particulières. Il apparaît également que contrairement aux idées véhiculées par les féministes, le bourreau des femmes n’est pas toujours l’homme mais la famille et principalement la femme.En effet, les femmes sur qui repose l’essentiel des dépenses familiales, sont placées dans la position ambivalente de devoir sacrifier l’autonomie future d’autres femmes, plus jeunes et plus vulnérables et qui parfois sont leurs propres filles, en leur déléguant les charges financières qui en principe leur incombent. Ainsi, ces jeunes filles sont des « aînées économiques » d’une part et des « cadettes sociales » d’autre part. Si notre étude présente la grande majorité de nos enquêtées comme des personnes jouant le rôle de « soutien économique » de famille, leur élan à soutenir financièrement les membres de leur famille de naissance cache de grandes blessures personnelles. En effet, ce rôle de soutien de famille a des retentissements négatifs sur leurs projets de vie, notamment leur déclassement sur le marché matrimonial, des difficultés à concevoir des enfants et leur incapacité à mettre des économies de côté qui pourraient leur être utiles dans leur vie futureThis thesis examines the financial contributions of young girls in Yaoundé (Cameroon) to their family resources. Little attention has been given to the phenomenon of young girls as breadwinner in research in the social sciences; thus, our objective through this work is to try to make it a subject of research in itself. Our study analyses semi-structured interviews with 45 women (hosted, heads of households, married). The results show that these young girls’ economic support to their family does not happen spontaneously. It is the result of a long process incorporating the specific social, family and individual configurations. It also appears that unlike the ideas conveyed by some feminists, the person exerting domination over women is not always the man but rather the entire family and mainly they are women.Women, who bear the bulk of the family's expenses, are placed in the ambivalent position of having to sacrifice the future autonomy of younger and more vulnerable women who are sometimes their own daughters. Parents thus delegate to children the financial burden that they are supposed to support. So these girls, whose economic responsibilities are considered as very important on the one hand, are socially considered as minors on the other hand.Although our study shows the vast majority of our respondents as individuals acting like breadwinners, their energy to support their families of birth results in great injuries. The role of breadwinner has negative repercussions on their life projects, namely, downgrading on the marriage market, difficulties in conceiving children and inability to put aside their own savings, that could be useful in their future life just to name a few
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Camilleri-Cassar, Frances. "Gender equality in Maltese social policy? : graduate women and the male breadwinner model." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.408450.
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Lanter, Jason Richard. ""Not that there's anything wrong with that ..." perceptions of masculine men and feminine men as a breadwinner or caregiver /." Oxford, Ohio : Miami University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1218060049.
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Lanter, Jason Richard. "“Not that there’s anything wrong with that…”: Perceptions of Masculine Men and Feminine Men as a Breadwinner or Caregiver." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1218060049.
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Chamberlain, Suzanne E. "The distribution of attitudinal attachment to the male breadwinner role : a quantitative study of the Plymouth travel-to-work area." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/2172.
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This thesis is concerned with men's attitudes towards the breadwinner role. A representative sample of 330 men, aged between 17 and 84, and drawn from the Plymouth Travel-To-Work Area, participated in the study by completing a postal questionnaire. The aim of the study was to explore attachment to the breadwinner role, and to discover if greater or lesser attachment exists among particular socio-demographic or socio-economic clusters. The quantitative approach and the application of a random sample distinguish this study from those in the literature concerned with 'men and masculinities'. The study applies an empirical perspective to overview the trajectory of the breadwinner family in Britain from the early industrial to the contemporary period. It is argued that although there have been peaks and troughs in the extent to which British families have been financially supported by a sole male provider, the breadwinner role continues to be an important ideological tool. It is suggested that the 'male as provider' doctrine shapes the internal dynamics of various familial arrangements. Only a handful of men are found to support a strict gender-coded division of labour in the household and labour market. The respondent's age is the strongest explanatory factor. Among those demonstrating lesser attachment, attitudes towards the breadwinner role are noted to be contextual and inconsistent. Greater support is also found for the traditional female role than the male role. It is argued that these findings represent new contributions to the debates. They are applied to challenge claims that the growth of the 'dual-earner' family has diminished the relevance of the breadwinner role in contemporary society. In doing so, this study concludes that many men maintain a dominant position in various family types, and a gendered distribution of privilege and inequality continues to shape men's and women's respective experiences of 'the family'.
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Nooni, Niklas, and Sunna Sveinsdóttir. "Titta pappa vem som kommer på besök, nu kommer mamma - en kvalitativ studie om kvinnliga familjeförsörjare." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för humaniora, utbildnings- och samhällsvetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-69872.
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Since the industrialization, the role of breadwinning has been part of the male gender identity. Even though it today has become more common with female breadwinners, the previous assumption of the man as a breadwinner is still a norm in society. This study examines what this norm breaking means for women and their relationships with their men. The purpose is to study Swedish women's experiences of being a breadwinner, how it affects the relationship and the roles one has in a relationship. Previous research has mainly been focused on objective financial aspects of female breadwinning but there is a lack of women's subjective experiences. This study is based on qualitative interviews with seven Swedish female breadwinners. The study shows that education is fundamental to explaining their role as female breadwinner. It also shows that the women's personal traits and good relationships with their men explains their experiences of being a female breadwinner.Rollen som familjeförsörjare har sedan industrialiseringen varit en del av den manliga könsidentiteten. Trots att det idag blivit vanligare med kvinnliga familjeförsörjare, är den tidigare föreställningen om mannen som försörjare fortsatt en norm i samhället. I denna studie undersöks vad denna normbrytning betyder för kvinnorna och deras relationer till sina män. Syftet är att studera svenska kvinnors upplevelser av att vara familjeförsörjare, hur det påverkar relationen och de roller man har i en relation. Tidigare forskning har i hög grad fokuserat på objektiva finansiella aspekter av kvinnlig familjeförsörjning där det finns en avsaknad av kvinnors subjektiva upplevelser. Den här studien är baserad på kvalitativa intervjuer med sju svenska kvinnliga familjeförsörjare. Studien visar att utbildning är grundläggande för att förklara deras roll som familjeförsörjare. Studien visar också att kvinnornas personliga egenskaper och goda relationer till sina män förklarar deras upplevelser av att vara familjeförsörjare.
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Björn, Josefhine, and Matilda Edqvist. ""Happy wife, happy life, brukar man ju säga…" -En kvalitativ studie om mäns upplevelser av att inte vara den främsta inkomsttagaren i hushållet." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för humaniora, utbildnings- och samhällsvetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-73446.
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According to the traditional gender structures the man is seen as the breadwinner and the woman as the housewife. These traditional patterns are slowly being replaced by more equal relationships and today, women are a natural part of the workforce. It is becoming increasingly common nowadays for women in relationships to have a higher income than their partners. Previous research from the United States points out that the connection between the role as family provider and masculinity is still up to date. In this study the man’s experiences about not being the breadwinner is accordingly investigated. Questions about the division of labour in the home, equality in the relationship and how the man experiences the change of the traditional gender structures is in focus. This qualitative study finds its result based on six swedish male respondents experiences concerning not being the main wage earners. The result of the study indicate that these men is actively striving towards an equal daily life as it seems to be the ideal in Sweden. The interviewed men describe that they do not attach significant importance regarding them not being the breadwinner, but shades of strategies that are used to maintain parts of the traditional masculinity can however be interpreted. Keywords:Enligt de traditionella könsstrukturerna så ses mannen som familjeförsörjaren och kvinnan ses som hemmafrun. Dessa traditionella mönster ersätts sakta men säkert av mer jämställda relationer och idag är kvinnor en naturlig del av arbetskraften. Det blir numer allt vanligare att kvinnan i relationer har en högre inkomst än sin partner. Tidigare forskning från USA poängterar att kopplingen mellan rollen som familjeförsörjare och manlighet fortfarande är aktuell. I denna studie undersöks därmed mannens upplevelser av att inte vara den huvudsakliga inkomsttagaren. Frågor gällande arbetsfördelningen i hemmet, jämställdhet i relationen och hur mannen upplever förändringen av de traditionella könsstrukturerna står i centrum. Denna kvalitativa studie finner sitt resultat baserat på sex svenska manliga intervjupersoners upplevelser angående att inte vara den huvudsakliga inkomsttagaren. Studiens resultat tyder på att dessa män aktivt strävar efter att leva ett jämställt vardagsliv då det tycks vara idealet i Sverige. De intervjuade männen beskriver att de inte fäster någon större betydelse vid att de inte är huvudinkomsttagaren, däremot kan nyanser uttydas av att strategier trots allt används för att bibehålla delar av den traditionella manligheten.
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Maguire, David. "Learning to serve time : troubling spaces of working class masculinities in the UK." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:2ad2443b-744e-4cda-83a3-c616a8d6378d.
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This thesis is an exploration of the classed and gendered trajectories that lead to 'revolving door' incarceration for a group of men from working class backgrounds. Considering that men commit most crime and, in the UK, account for over 95% of the prison population, there is relatively little scholarship that explores the links between masculinity and crime and almost a dearth of ethnographic enquiry into the links between the social construction of masculinities and incarceration. In response, this study, employing qualitative in-depth life history interviews with thirty male prisoners housed in an East Yorkshire prison, examines the cyclical interrelations between cultural representations of masculinity, place, schooling, employment, crime and incarceration. Influenced by Connell's theoretical framework, including the relational concept of protest masculinities, and by the Teesside School's work on transitions and alternative careers, the main aim of this research is to examine if, and to what extent, significant cultural and institutional spaces were complicit in the construction and maintenance of versions of protest masculinities. The study reveals that masculinities negotiated over interconnecting sites of deprived neighbourhoods, inadequate children's residential 'care' homes and failing schools better prepared most respondents to serve time in prison than to work in contemporary deindustrialised labour markets. Formative teenage years spent negotiating impoverished prison regimes and living up to extreme prison masculinities contributed to many of the respondents spending more time inside prison than 'on the out'. The thesis concludes with recommendations for policy approaches to better facilitate crucial sites, such as schools and prisons, undoing, rather than reinforcing, troubling gender performances for young boys and men like these respondents. Reducing rising male prison populations, mainly made up of men from deprived neighbourhoods, might be more effectively tackled through innovative, gender informed, policy, ensuring that institutional spaces of learning, 'care', punishment and rehabilitation work harder to open up more positive avenues to doing masculinity.
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Motiejūnaitė, Akvilė. "Female employment, gender roles, and attitudes : The Baltic countries in a broader context." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Sociologiska institutionen, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-7340.
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This thesis consists of four constituent studies exploring several common themes: female participation in employment, normative assumptions regarding the proper roles of males and females, and social change. The underlying focus is gendered division of work, which is explored through the concept of family models. These models are conceptualized with reference to the interrelationships between female employment, availability of care services outside the family, and sharing of care work within the family. The empirical analysis is mostly based on the Baltic countries, but also includes Germany, Sweden, and Russia. By examining the variation between the countries, the research aims to highlight some common issues regarding the gendered division of work, issues that bridge the East/West divide. The data come from three sources: 1) available national descriptive statistics, 2) surveys, namely, the International Social Survey Programme (ISSP) ‘Family and Changing Gender Roles’ modules and the European Values Survey (EVS), and 3) nineteen problem-centred interviews with women who experienced hardships in the Lithuanian labour market. The analyzed time period starts with the collapse of socialism. The studies call into question the assumption that strong support for the traditional ‘male breadwinner/female carer’ family model in post-socialist societies contributed to the exclusion of women from the labour market. Comparing male and female employment indicators revealed no general pattern of female exclusion from the labour market. Moreover, gender-role attitudes are neither uniform nor traditional in the studied societies. The most valid generalization would be that there is a trend towards less traditional attitudes over time, more precisely, towards greater acceptance of women’s working roles. Summarizing the current situation regarding the gendered division of work, with reference to policies, practices, and attitudes, reveals the presence of ‘adult worker’ family models in Eastern Europe.
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Wimbauer, Christine, and Mona Motakef. "Paar / Paarbeziehung." Universität Leipzig, 2018. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A21096.
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Paare und Paarbeziehungen sind – in westlichen, paarnormativen Gesellschaften – eine hegemoniale Lebensform. (Heterosexuelle) Paare (re-)produzieren in ihren Interaktionen und Aushandlungen – ihrem doing couple und doing inequality – nicht nur Geschlecht (im Sinne von Gender), sondern wesentlich auch gesellschaftliche Ungleichheiten. Paarbeziehungen sind daher ein wichtiges Untersuchungsfeld der Geschlechterforschung; die Paarbeziehung wird hierbei als eigenständige Analyseeinheit betrachtet. Paare werden in der (soziologischen) Geschlechterforschung aber auch auf die Frage hin untersucht, ob sich mit dem Brüchigwerden des männlichen Ernährermodells im globalen Norden ein Wandel der Paar- und Liebesleitbilder abzeichnet und sich u.a. auch dadurch Ungleichheiten im Geschlechterverhältnis verändern, verringern oder neue entstehen.
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Menke, Katrin. "Familienpolitik." Universität Leipzig, 2018. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A23360.
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Familienpolitik bezeichnet ein Politikfeld im Wohlfahrtsstaat, dessen Ziel es ist, das Zusammenleben in Familien im Lebensverlauf mit Hilfe von Zeit, Geld und Infrastruktur zu unterstützen. Die Definition von Familie hat sich ebenso wie das Politikfeld stetig gewandelt. Aus Perspektive der (intersektionalen) Geschlechterforschung lassen sich verschiedene historische Phasen seit Gründung der Bundesrepublik beschreiben. Von besonderer Bedeutung ist der paradigmatische Wandel der Familienpolitik seit der Jahrtausendwende: Im Zuge dessen etablierten sich zunehmend ein volkswirtschaftlicher Begründungszusammenhang für Familienpolitik und die Verknüpfung von Elternschaft mit Erwerbstätigkeit.
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"Wives as breadwinners: a study of spousal relations in urban Northeast China." 2012. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5549232.
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In the past 30 years, China's economic reforms have forced many state-owned factories (SOEs) to collapse, and both men and women workers were dismissed. In urban Northeast China many laid-off women were able to find employment in the service industry and small-scale private businesses, while their husbands had difficulty finding a satisfactory job. As such, the wives became breadwinners of the families. Based on fieldwork data collected through face-to-face interviews, focus group interviews and participant observation, this study examines resultant spousal relationships in the aspects of family finance, domestic division of labor, power relations, and foundation of marriage, as the husband and wife swapped their economic roles at home. This study finds that when women control more economic capital than men in the nuclear family, domestic division of labor, power relations and affection between couples all tend to be more egalitarian. However, the concept of a male-breadwinner family and the gender segregation of space are still popular on material and social levels. Thus without corresponding changes on the ideological level regarding gender, patriarchy will remain dominant on the community and national levels. Analysis on spousal relationships shows that the economic, political and emotional aspects of marriage are interconnected and interactive, and they work together to decide how spousal relationships may be altered in times of rapid social transformation. In the era of market economy, family and marriage values are diversified, and marriage tends to be less stable. However, this study finds that the integrity of family and marriage has been kept in the laid-off workers' families even when spousal relationships face serious challenges caused by unemployment. The reason is that these laid-off workers have formed their gender identities during the socialist era which emphasized the integrity of family and marriage. In the market era, laid off workers have maintained these values and upheld the integrity of marriage and family as the fundamental standard for being a good man or good woman. In this process, spousal relationship becomes a mechanism of governance by making individuals gendered subjects.Lu, Ming.
Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2012.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 161-176).
Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web.
Abstract --- p.i
Acknowledgements --- p.iii
Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1
Background --- p.1
Literature review --- p.11
Methodology --- p.25
Structure of thesis --- p.28
Chapter Chapter 2 --- Family & Marriage in China --- p.31
The patricentric Chinese family as ideology and praxis --- p.31
The family and marriage under state feminism --- p.39
The family in Post-Mao China --- p.47
Chapter Chapter 3 --- Dealing with Financial Crisis at Home --- p.56
Xiagang as a gradual process --- p.56
The genderedness of re-employment & wives as breadwinners --- p.69
Besieged masculinity --- p.75
Women’s success in small-scale private businesses --- p.79
Chapter Chapter 4 --- Whose Work Is It? --- p.86
State feminism vs. housework --- p.86
Childcare: work and authority --- p.96
The praxis of family authority --- p.100
Chapter Chapter 5 --- Changing Foundation of marriage --- p.113
Obliged freedom: Match-making and marriage in the 1970-80s --- p.114
Marriage and unemployment --- p.122
Companionship in marriage vs. obliged couples --- p.136
Chapter Chapter 6 --- Conclusion --- p.144
References Cited --- p.161
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Parry, Bianca Rochelle. "Eating burnt toast : the lived experiences of female breadwinners in South Africa." Diss., 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/18433.
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In modern South African society, many women have overcome traditional notions of gender by becoming breadwinners in their homes and providing primary financial support for their families. Employing a Phenomenological Feminist viewpoint, this dissertation contextualises the meaning that South African female breadwinners (FBW) ascribe to their experiences within their lived environment, utilising data collected from in-depth, unstructured interviews with FBW from the Mpumalanga and Gauteng provinces. While taking into consideration their intersectional experiences of gender, race, as well as cultural and traditional societal pressures, this study represents these womens’ voices in order to understand how they make meaning of and negotiate their spaces and roles as breadwinners. In the course of interviews and analysis, the realities faced by FBW revealed experiences, individual and communal, shared and unique, which expose archaic divisions of gender within our society, which have been hiding behind constructions of reform advocating equality among the sexes.Psychology
M.A. (Psychology)
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Wu, Chia-Ling, and 吳佳玲. "“Crisis or Turning point ?”-life changes and coping experiences of families with unemployed breadwinners." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/59451886017293448913.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
社會工作學研究所
101
Nowadays, unemployment has become a global issue and also a universal social experience. The media uses "Unemployment Elegy" as the title to describe disintegration and fragmentation of family suffering from unemployment, indicating that the unemployment of an individual not only impacts oneself but also causes changes and imbalance in the family system. As we review domestic studies on unemployment issues, we observe that there are fewer studies on what changes the stressful event of unemployment causes in a family and how a family copes with thestress. Therefore, this study selects families with unemployed breadwinners as the study subjects to analyze the problems and changes in life faced by the families due to unemployment and the stress-coping experiences of the families so as to understand the deep needs and the real life status of the families suffering from unemployment. This study adopts an in-depth interview approach in qualitative research methodology and selects six families suffering from unemployment with children of school age or preschool age by purposive sampling for interview. In addition to the unemployed individuals as determined interviewees, we include other family members as interviewees depending on the family structure and their willingness. The research findings are that under the influence of post-industrialization and globalization, employment becomes a new social risk. The impact is not limited to traditionally disadvantaged population groups and the underclass; people of all classes, ages and genders are exposed to certain employment risks. In addition, unemployment results in comprehensive changes in families; the influence is not only present in economic deprivation in families, physical and mental health of family members and interaction modes of sub-systems inside the families but further extends to the interaction relationships between families and other external systems, social participation and the use of social insurance system and policy programs. The life change experienced by the families is to some extent a social exclusion experience with mutual influences and interlocking relationships between each other.In the end, the study finds that the coping experiences of each family are different in the face of the same crisis event. First, the family members establish their cognition of employment based on both external and internal factors, including their personal past work experience, the interactive experience between individuals and corporations, and their personality traits, work values and gender. Second, when faced with an unemployment crisis, the families perform coping behaviors by mixedly using cognition, emotions and resources, and the coping behavior is a dynamic process instead of a constant fixed one. In addition, in terms of the way in which families use and manage internal and external resources to cope with the unemployment crisis, the families suffering from unemployment may be classified into three coping types: “resource scarcity,” “resource self-sufficiency” and “utilization of external resources.” Third, the coping outcomes of the families vary; it is possible to trigger another wave of crisis or to turn the crisis into an opportunity. If the coping outcomes of the families are presented in two dimensions of “economic conditions” and “self-discrepancy,” the families suffering from unemployment may be classified into three types: “economic self-reliance with significant self-discrepancy,” “reliance on social welfare support with significant self-discrepancy” and “reliance on social welfare support with insignificant self-discrepancy.” Based on the findings , the study provides suggestions for social welfare policies and social work practice.
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Chimeri, Leo Munyaradzi. "A reflection on the coping mechanisms of abused female breadwinners in the Vhembe District of Limpopo, South Africa." Thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11602/1221.
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PhD (Sociology)Department of Sociology
The purpose of the study was to explore and understand the circumstances, which influence abused female breadwinners to stay in nuptial contracts and to model coping strategies for their plight. The study was qualitative in nature and an explorative case study design of abused married female breadwinners who had reported cases at Thohoyandou Victim Empowerment Programme (TVEP) trauma centers in the Vhembe District of Limpopo Province, South Africa was used. A critical case purposive sample was used to draw a cross-sectional sample of 12 participants from a total population of 1800 female breadwinners who reported cases between 2010 and 2015. The data collection methods were; in-depth interviews, focus group discussions from the same participants and key informants‟ interviews from three TVEP female managers. The three data collection techniques ensured triangulation for more complete and well-validated outcomes of the study. The data analysis method was the Van Mann. The study found out that a plethora of circumstances that involves the following; culture, the desire to take care of children, culture, religion, social needs, social status and entrapment influences abused married female breadwinners to stay in abusive marriages. As a result, they are forced to devise some coping strategies that include; problem solving strategies, reporting to the police, protection orders, seeking refuge, alcohol abuse and dependence, counselling, religious intervention, social support to cope with their plight. Establishing the reasons was critical in coming up with intervention methods that may help to curb abuse and coping strategies that may assist them in their plight.
NRF
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Stoll, Kathrin. "Global breadwinners in Canada : role strain, anticipatory socialization, religiosity/spirituality and social support as determinants of the psychosocial adjustment of Southern Sudanese men." Thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/16212.
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Very little is known about the acculturation of African refugees in Canada. This study
examined the experiences and determinants of the psychosocial adjustment of Sudanese
men (n=185) who are resettling in the lower mainland of British Columbia.
Findings indicate that the men use two main coping resources to ease adjustment: social
support and religiosity/spirituality. The former is predictive of improved social
adjustment and the latter greatly ameliorates psychological adjustment.
Additionally, the role strain experienced from supporting family members in Africa
financially while resettling is examined. This study shows that greater role strain does not
exacerbate the adjustment difficulties of Sudanese men, but socio demographic variables
such as length of residence and language proficiency do affect adjustment. Men who have
resided in Canada for longer showed improved social adjustment and those who were
more proficient in English had adjusted better psychologically. This study further
discusses the economic insecurity of Sudanese refugees, their family composition, the
importance of a cohesive ethnic community in adjusting to life in Canada and various
other aspects of the experience of this group of newcomers.Arts, Faculty of
Social Work, School of
Graduate
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Удовіченко, Лілія Олександрівна. "Роль кровосисних комарів у перенесені збудників хвороб різної етіології." Магістерська робота, 2020. https://dspace.znu.edu.ua/jspui/handle/12345/3699.
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Удовіченко Л. О. Роль кровосисних комарів у перенесені збудників хвороб різної етіології : кваліфікаційна робота магістра спеціальності 101 "Екологія" / наук. керівник Н. В. Воронова. Запоріжжя : ЗНУ, 2020. 69 с.EN : The work consists of 69 pages, contains 2 tables, 10 drawings, 95 literary sources, including 9 sources ̶ foreign languages. The novelty and relevance of the study is that such studies will establish the role of blood-carrying mosquitoes in the transfer of pathogens of different etiology and predict the spread of transmissive diseases in the Zaporizhzhya region. The practical importance of the work is that the results can be used by employees of sanitary and epidemiological services and infectious diseases doctors in Zaporozhye and the region for effective measures to limit the number of blood-containing mosquitoes – carriers of transmissive diseases pathogens and provide the region with special diagnostic materials. The purpose of the work is to identify which pathogens are carried by circulatory mosquitoes of different species in the Zaporizhzhya region. The task of the work was: to analyze the fauna and the number of blood-borne mosquitoes in different biotopes of the research area, to study the species composition of vertebrate animals, which are reservoirs of transmissive diseases; establish possible ways of skid and circulation of pathogens of different etiology, their circulation among susceptible animals; investigate the trophic connections of imago mass species of blood-sissy mosquitoes and the transmission of pathogens of different etiology.
UA : Робота складається з 69 сторінок, містить 2 таблиці, 10 рисунків, 95 літературних джерел, з них 9 джерел ̶ іноземними мовами. Новизна та актуальність дослідження полягає в тому, що подібні дослідження дозволять встановити роль кровосисних комарів у перенесенні збудників хвороб різної етіології та прогнозувати поширення трансмісивних захворювань в Запорізькому регіоні. Практичне значення роботи в тому, що отримані результати можуть будь використані працівниками санітарно-епідеміологічних служб та лікарями-інфекціоністами м. Запоріжжя та області для ефективного проведення заходів з обмеження чисельності кровосисних комарів – переносників збудників трансмісивних хвороб та забезпечення регіону спеціфічними діагностичними матеріалами. Мета роботи – виявити яких збудників переносять кровосисні комарі різних видів у Запорізькому регіоні. Завданням роботи було: проаналізувати фауну та чисельність кровосисних комарів у різних біотопах району дослідження, вивчити видовий склад хребетних тварин, які є резервуарами трансмісивних хвороб; встановити можливі шляхи заносу та циркуляції збудників хвороб різної етіології, їх циркуляцію серед сприйнятливих тварин; дослідити трофічні зв’язки імаго масових видів кровосисних комарів і передачу по ним збудників хвороб різної етіології.
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Kalajdzic, Anastasija. "A qualitative analysis of female breadwinner representations in the media." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/11721.
Full textAbstract:
Violating social norms often elicits a negative public response aimed at punishing norm violators and dissuading others from following their lead. One way to understand reactions to norm violations is through the moral panic framework. This framework identifies the reactions that an emergent norm-violating social group is likely to experience. These reactions are characterized as overexaggerated, often blaming the group for the consequences of their norm violation and suggesting that the public should fear the group. I hypothesized that social attitudes towards female breadwinner relationships (FBRs), which violate heteronormative gender norms, would reflect these, and other, moral panic characteristics. However, I expected that these characteristics would be less extreme, and thus I proposed that social reactions to FBRs would reflect a kind of moral anxiety. To test this hypothesis, I conducted a qualitative thematic analysis of 94 magazine and newspaper articles concerning FBRs, and five themes emerged. First, the articles emphasized the social change that these relationships represent. Second, gender role expectations were often discussed, with many more articles reinforcing traditional gender role expectations than non-traditional gender role expectations. Third, most articles described costs of FBRs while only a minority described benefits, and most costs concerned the couple as a whole instead of either partner individually. Fourth, societal reactions to this change were often described, and most reactions were negative. And fifth, many articles offered tips for FBRs, often focused on overcoming the costs associated with such bonds. This pattern of reactions to FBRs ultimately demonstrated many of the characteristics of moral anxiety. Overall, these media articles portrayed FBRs as undesirable relationships involving stressed women and emasculated men: a stigmatizing portrayal that could dissuade others from pursuing such relationships.Graduate
2021-04-08
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Chuan, Lee Pei, and 李佩娟. "The Breadwinner Role of Employed Wives and its Affecting Factors." Thesis, 1998. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/79384066027368586541.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立師範大學
家政教育學系
86
The purpose of this paper is to research the breadwinner role of employed wives and its affecting factors. Role theory is used to examine employed wives'' multiple orientations to breadwinner role in the changing society. The focus is on the breadwinner role behavior and the breadwinner role attitude of employed wives, the affecting factors of which are personal background, gender role attitude and family situation. Data are from a questionnaire survey of 374 employed wives. The statistical methods of this study are correlation, multiple stepwise regression and analysis of variance. Conclusions are that the breadwinner role attitude of employed wives falls in the median of traditional values and modern ones, that most employed wives observe the breadwinner role behavior, that "gender role attitude" and "social status" can predict the breadwinner role attitude of employed wives, and that "spouses'' income" and "gender role attitude" can predict the breadwinner role of employed wives.
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Chiang, Pei-Hua, and 江佩樺. "Role Attitudes and Role Play Experiences of Female Breadwinner in Economically Disadvantaged Family." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/60485532240158820124.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
社會工作學研究所
99
In recent decades, we have witnessed an upward trend of female labor force participation rate, and the number of double income families has increased. However, due to the rising male unemployment rate and female earning ability, more and more women take the role “female breadwinner (FBW)” in a family. The development trend may have impact on the female role experience, the quality of marriage, labor market structure, and family policy. This study intends to examine how women would adjust the new FBW role in economically disadvantaged family in terms of gender role attitude and role taking experience. This study adopted a qualitative research approach. Seven women were in-depth interview who have been the breadwinner in two-parent families with at least one child aged below 18. The results showed that these women taking the role of FBW were drived by external and internal forces, including lessening earning ability by their husbands, meeting family anticipation as a daughter-in-law, conforming gender role expectation, concerning children needs as a mother, and fulfilling marriage responsibilities as a wife. Moreover, taking the FBW’s role changed their attitudes toward female role in a family. Three categories of the role types were extracted from the interviews as traditional, changing, and modern styles. And their new FBW role experiences in marital and parental subsystem were shaped by traditional culture and gender norms, However, these women were so busy to work to make the ends met that they did not have time and energy to pursue their personal needs. Based on the findings, suggestions regarding family policy and social work practice were included.
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Chen, Ying-Jen, and 陳盈真. "Being a Breadwinner and Caregiver: Experiences of how Single Mothers Reconcile Work with Family." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/47215089090648324690.
Full textAbstract:
碩士高雄醫學大學
性別研究所
98
This research tends to reconstruct the picture of single-parenting family through experience narratives of single mothers and discusses the way they reconcile work with family. In the families with single mothers, they inevitably suffer from a dual burden of employment and childcare. And it is difficult for them to give careful and equal consideration to both sides. My research materials are collected through deep interviews with single mothers. In the article, there are several issues discussed. First, how does the change in marriage status influence the working lives of these single mothers? Besides that, under the operation of the informal support system, how do they use the kinship networks of the family of their (former) husbands and their natal family? If not, what else coping strategies do they take? My research is mainly about the experiences of the way they maintain the work-family balance as single mothers. Within the informal support system, there is a difference between these two kinds of kinship networks. For those single mothers bereaved of their husbands, they can be more possibly provided help from the family of their bereaved ones. In comparison, their natal family doesn’t want them to come back no matter how they lost their marriages. If there’s some help provided, it can merely be some living necessities or emotional support. For single mothers, the informal supporting system is usually temporary and not all of them can reach it. Most of caring work should be in charged of by themselves. While lacking the informal support system, single mothers have different priority lists of work and family and take various coping strategies. Some arrange their caring work according to their paid employment, some put more weight on caring work which may affect the choosing of jobs, and the others make a combination of paid jobs and childcare. These are multiple coping strategies used by single mothers. All in all, we need to understand the way single mothers keep balance between work and family in the context of their living situation. This research discusses in details the dual burden of single mothers carry and observes their agency.
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Huang, Pin Yi, and 黃品翊. "Breadwinner and Housekeeper: The everyday life experiences of Indian engineer family in Taiwan Hsinchu Science Park." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/55sm4z.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立清華大學
社會學研究所
104
Indian professionals have a longstanding history of migration dating back to the 1960s, where they began to migrate towards English speaking countries. The second wave began in 1990s in the face of professional labor shortage due to the booming Information Technology industry, which led many countries to revise their immigration policies to allow skilled migrants, either permanently or temporarily. In Taiwan, most of the Indian professionals live in Taipei and Hsinchu. The number of Indian professionals grew rapidly since 2005 because the immigration policy opened to skilled migrants. The Taiwanese government and technology companies were actively recruiting skilled labor force from India. This thesis uses in-depth interview and participant observation to study the daily lives of Indian engineers and their families outside of working environment. Focusing on Indian engineers employed by the Hsinchu Science Park, this research discusses the following questions: How are family activities and everyday lives among Indian families affected by gender and class differences in Taiwanese social context? How do the existing boundaries in Indian society affect their social life in Taiwan? This research revealed that the main reason behind Indian engineers and their families to migrate overseas was the career aspiration. Male engineers often aimed for well-established companies in selected technology industries. The Indian workforce is highly male-dominant, therefore the husbands with higher paying jobs frequently single-handedly make the decision to migrate. The migration process is affected by gender norms, the restrictions of foreign immigration policies, and the long working-hour in Taiwanese technology industry. Their female spouses, who have been working in Indian, can apply for a dependent-visa to Taiwan. However, because of the professional and language barriers, female migrants rarely acquire new careers in Taiwan, experiencing of downward mobility in migration process. Females who come from different socioeconomic classes and working backgrounds have different perceptions toward house-keeping activities; males and females migrants have drastic experiences in their daily lives due to various gender-dependent and class-dependent factors. Compared to male interviewees, all the female interviewees admitted to facing more difficulties in their everyday lives due to language barrier in the receiving society. In their social lives, Indian families are able to establish ethnic connections and ties through males in public space. Interestingly, the virtual Indian community formed on the Internet, the interaction in virtual or real space not only preserved the existing regional, urban/rural, caste boundaries in India, but also became a tool for Indian migrants to do boundary work amongst themselves.
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Sanschagrin, Johanne. "The end of the male breadwinner-female homemaker model? Gendered earnings arrangements in the couple, and their socio-spatial expressions in Canada." 2008. http://link.library.utoronto.ca/eir/EIRdetail.cfm?Resources__ID=968373&T=F.
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Laé, Isadora Sales Freitas. "Masculinidades negras e mercado de trabalho no Rio de Janeiro." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/110812.
Full textAbstract:
Assim como em outras geografias, no Brasil as pessoas negras estão mais sujeitas ao desemprego e são as que por mais tempo permanecem nessa situação. Quando possuem trabalho, geralmente ocupam os postos de menor qualidade, status e remuneração. Sendo através do trabalho que o ser humano atinge dignidade e capacidade de sustentar a si e à sua família, é primordial que atenção especial seja despendida nesta área. Além disso, o “ser provedor” é uma das principais formas de expressão de masculinidade da sociedade capitalista. Se os homens negros encontram dificuldades para atingir esse ideal de masculinidade, se faz necessário refletir sobre os impactos que tais entraves possuem na vida e nas expressões de masculinidades destes homens. Sendo assim, este trabalho tratou de investigar quais são as maiores dificuldades que os homens negros encontram no mercado de trabalho do Rio de Janeiro e de que forma eles se relacionam com o labor, assim como com o papel de provedor. Concluiu-se que nem todos os homens negros absorvem os ideais da masculinidade hegemônica patriarcal capitalista e que muitos deles estão ressignificando o que é “ser homem”.In Brazil, as in many other nations, black people are more likely to be unemployed and are the ones that stay unemployed the longest. When employed, they usually hold less coveted positions, of lower status and salaries. Since it is through work that human beings achieve dignity and the capacity to sustain themselves and their families, it is crucial that special attention be given to this area. Furthermore, the "breadwinner" is one of the main forms of expressing masculinity in capitalist societies. If black men struggle to achieve this ideal of masculinity, it is necessary to reflect upon the impacts such hurdles have in the lives and expressions of masculinity of these men. With that in mind, this work attempts to investigate the main difficulties black men come across in the job market in Rio de Janeiro, as well as how they relate to labour and the role of breadwinner. We then conclude that not all black men internalize the ideals of hegemonic masculinity and that many of them reframe what it means to "be a man".
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Coetzee, K. (Karina). "Horizontal equity in the taxation of the income of individuals in the Republic of South Africa subsequent to the submission of the Margo report." Thesis, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/17905.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this research was to determine whether horizontal
equity in the taxation of individuals in South Africa improved
after the legislative changes from 1984 to 1995 and the Katz
Commission recommendations.
After an extensive literature study, horizontal equity in the
taxation of individuals in South Africa was defined as the
equivalent tax treatment in equivalent economic circumstances for
the same economic units. The household as the economic unit, is
the unit to be considered when evaluating horizontal equity.
The study also reviewed the solutions found in other countries for
the dilemma of the one-breadwinner versus the two-breadwinner
married couple. It was found that the tax systems of most
countries provide relief to the one-breadwinner couple while the
working wife was taxed separately from her husband or had the
option to be taxed separately.
An important part of this study compared the tax of the unmarried
taxpayer and the married couple as the units for horizontal equity.
It was found that, although two-breadwinner married couples were
discriminated against until the separate taxation of married
couples was introduced, the one-breadwinner couple and single
taxpayers with dependants now suffer more horizontal inequity than
was previously the case.
The research indicated that to attain greater horizontal equity
provision should also be made for families and households with only
one breadwinner (breadwinner being defined as the provider in a
one-breadwinner couple or a ·taxpayer with dependents).
Recommendations made to alleviate this inequity are transferable
allowances for spouses, or, without ~ontravening the Constitution's
demands for equality, a separate rate schedule for breadwinners, a
fixed allowance or rebate for breadwinners, or a proportional
allo~ance depending on the breadwinner's income.
The study also addressed the financial and administrative
implications and political acceptability of these recommendations
and concluded that the proportional allowance, although expensive,
would come the closest to providing the greatest horizontal equity.
The research into the international tax measures to promote equity
revealed that horizontal equity could be further promoted by
providing tax relief for child-care and day-care facilities. This
would benefit both the two-breadwinner married couple and the
single parent with dependent children.Financail accounting
D.Com. (Applied Accountancy)
27
Faberová, Veronika. "Důsledky spojené se ztrátou živitele v rodině." Master's thesis, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-347550.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis is focused on consequences which are associated with the loss of a breadwinner in the family. The aim is to identify and describe the impacts on families and compare these consequences in the cases of divorce and death. At first this paperwork brings information about family and its peculiarities. Other chapters are devoted to single-parent families as a result of a divorce, and death. In these chapters, we focused on the impacts of these two events. There are described primarily impacts on economic, social, educational and psychological aspects of the family. Information in this chapter are supported by excerpts from interviews that were conducted with several women, who have lost husbands, and thus became the breadwinners. The next chapter is devoted to the role of the state in this issue. It describes how family policy is designed and how the state directly compensates for the loss of a breadwinner in these two cases. The end of this chapter provides a brief description of family policy, focusing on the loss of a breadwinner in several other European Union states. The last chapter provides an analysis of the interviews, and there we can see what are the impacts on the family, which single mothers perceive. And what is the difference in impacts at these two events.
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Gardiner, Elizabeth. "Narratiewe pastorale terapie met broodwinners tydens 'n rasionaliseringsproses." Diss., 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/16828.
Full textAbstract:
Text in AfrikaansHierdie navorsing is gerig op die aanwending van narratiewe pastorale terapie met breadwinners wat werksonsekerheid tydens 'n rasionaliseringsproses ervaar. Die studie is kwalitatief van aard en is gebaseer op narratiewe pastorale gesprekvoerlng esook die proses van meervoudige refleksie waardeur die navorsing gerig en aangepas word. As navorser was ek deelnemer in die proses van verandering waarin veralgemening genegeer is en die rol van persoonlike kennis beklemtoon is. Die terapie is gerig op proaktiewe optrede tydens die rasionaliseringsproses en is ten opsigte van elkeen van die deelnemers aangewend in pasmaakgesprekke waartydens hul unieke behoefles aandag geniet het. Deur die metode van eksternalisering is die invloed van werksonsekerheid op die deelnemers geeksploreer en is hulie aangemoedig om in 'n ander verhouding tot die probleem van werksonsekerheid le staan. Namate die deelnemers tydens hierdie proses belangrike skuiwe op die vlak van identiteit gemaak het, ken hulie die toekoms met nuwe hoop bejeen.
The research was directed at the application of narrative pastoral therapy with breadwinners experiencing job insecurity during a process of rationalisation. This qualitative study was based on narrative pastoral conversations as well as the process of multiple reflection through which the research was directed and adapted. As researcher, I was a participant in the process of change in which generalisations were negated and the role of personal knowledge emphasised. The therapy was directed at proactive action during the rationalisation process and was applied in respect of each of the participants in a customised conversation. The influence of job insecurity on the participants was explored through the method of externalisation and they were encouraged to adopt a new relationship to the problem of job insecurity. In the process, as each participant made important shifts on the level of identity, they wera able to view the future with new hope.
Philosophy, Practical & Systematic Theology
M. Th. (Praktiese Teologie (Pastorale Terapie))