Journal articles: 'Breakage characterization'

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Wikedzi, A., S. Saquran, T. Leißner, U. A. Peuker, and T. Mütze. "Breakage characterization of gold ore components." Minerals Engineering 151 (June 2020): 106314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2020.106314.

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Shi, Hongyan, Xiaoke Lin, and Yun Wang. "Characterization of drill bit breakage in PCB drilling process based on high-speed video analysis." Circuit World 43, no. 3 (August 7, 2017): 89–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cw-12-2016-0066.

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Purpose The purposes of this paper are to study the characterization of drill bit breakage in printed circuit board (PCB) drilling process based on high-speed video analysis and to provide an important reference for micro drill bit breakage prediction. Design/methodology/approach Based on PCB drilling experiment, the high-speed camera was used to observe the micro drill breakage process and the chip removal process. The variation of chip in the drilling process was studied and one of the key reasons for the drill bit breakage was analysed. Finally, the swing angles’ feature during the breakage process of the micro drill was analysed and researched with the image processing tools of MATLAB. Findings The micro drill was prone to breakage mainly because of the blocked chips. The breakage process of the micro drill can be divided into the stage of stable chips evacuation, the stage of blocked chips and the stage of drill bit breakage. The radians of swing angles were basically in the range of ±0.01 when the drilling possess is normal. But when the radians of swing angles considerably exceeded the range of ±0.01, the micro drill bit may be fractured. Originality/value This paper presented the method to study the characterization of drill bit breakage in the PCB drilling process by using high-speed video analysis technology. Meanwhile, an effective suggestion about monitoring the radians of swing angles to predict the breakage of micro drill bit was also provided.

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Boukhobza, Abdelyamine, Mourad Brioua, Smail Benaicha, and Kamel Fedaoui. "Biomechanical Characterization of Failure the 316L Stainless Steel for Femoral Compression Plates." Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering 34 (October 2017): 68–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jbbbe.34.68.

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The aim of this paper is to examine a premature breakage of two compression plates for fixing broken bones with different patients for the period of their recovery. Each compression plate's breakage can induce grave consequences such as a new surgery, unexpected undesired complications and a prolonged healing time. The investigation of the compression plate breakage causes required an examination of the chemical composition and steel hardness, metallographic examination as well as that of the compression plate breakage surface by means of macroscopic and microscopic observations using microscope. On the origin of the results it can be established that the breakage was caused by high static load.

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Wu, Yuliang, Joshua A. Sommers, Irfan Khan, Johan P. de Winter, and Robert M. Brosh. "Biochemical Characterization of Warsaw Breakage Syndrome Helicase." Journal of Biological Chemistry 287, no. 2 (November 18, 2011): 1007–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m111.276022.

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Livk, I., and D. Ilievski. "Breakage behavior characterization of micron-scale particles." AIChE Journal 53, no. 4 (2007): 780–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.11135.

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Kraakman-van der Zwet, Maria, Wilhelmina J. I. Overkamp, Anna A. Friedl, Binie Klein, Gerald W. C. T. Verhaegh, Nicolaas G. J. Jaspers, Alina T. Midro, Friederike Eckardt-Schupp, Paul H. M. Lohman, and Małgorzata Z. Zdzienicka. "Immortalization and characterization of Nijmegen Breakage Syndrome fibroblasts." Mutation Research/DNA Repair 434, no. 1 (May 1999): 17–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0921-8777(99)00009-9.

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Bilisik, Kadir, Nesrin S. Karaduman, and Erdal Sapanci. "Flexural characterization of 3D prepreg/stitched carbon/epoxy/multiwalled carbon nanotube preforms and composites." Journal of Composite Materials 53, no. 5 (July 13, 2018): 563–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998318787861.

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The effect of through-the-thickness stitching and incorporation of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) on the flexural properties of three-dimensional (3D) carbon/epoxy composites was studied. The flexural strength of the carbon twill fabric composites was improved by stitching due largely to delamination suppression, whereas stitching negatively influenced the flexural strength of the carbon satin fabric composites due to stitch-induced irregularities and fiber breakages. The failure mode of the unstitched base (without MWCNTs) and unstitched nano-added structures involved fiber breakage, matrix cracking, and delamination, while the stitched base and stitched nano-added samples exhibited lateral matrix cracking, multiple warp, and stitch yarn breakages with less delamination compared with unstitched structures. The results showed that both stitching and the incorporation of MWCNTs improved the out-of-plane failure properties due largely to restricted delamination. Therefore, stitching and MWCNTs can effectively be used to increase the damage tolerance of carbon fiber/epoxy composite laminates.

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Bilgili, E., and M. Capece. "A rigorous breakage matrix methodology for characterization of multi-particle interactions in dense-phase particle breakage." Chemical Engineering Research and Design 90, no. 9 (September 2012): 1177–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cherd.2012.01.005.

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Parian, Mehdi, Abdul Mwanga, Pertti Lamberg, and Jan Rosenkranz. "Ore texture breakage characterization and fragmentation into multiphase particles." Powder Technology 327 (March 2018): 57–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2017.12.043.

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Zhang, Wen-Hao, Chao-Xia Sui, Xie Wang, Gong-Ju Yin, Ying-Fan Liu, and Ding Zhang. "Characterization of Cr(v)-induced genotoxicity using CdTe nanocrystals as fluorescent probes." Analyst 139, no. 24 (2014): 6357–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4an01698j.

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Cai, Huai-Hong, Pei-Hui Yang, Jianan Chen, Zhi-Hong Liang, Qiongyu Chen, and Jiye Cai. "Visual characterization and quantitative measurement of artemisinin-induced DNA breakage." Electrochimica Acta 54, no. 13 (May 2009): 3651–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2009.01.042.

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Zanuncio, Antônio José Vinha, Amélia Guimarães Carvalho, Angélica de Cassia Oliveira Carneiro, Paulina Valenzuela, William Gacitúa, Fernando Palha Leite, and Jorge Luiz Colodette. "Characterization of eucalyptus clones subject to wind damage." Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 52, no. 11 (November 2017): 969–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-204x2017001100002.

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Abstract: The objective of this work was to test a new methodology to assess the resistance of trees to wind damage and determine the characteristics that increase clone resistance to winds. Tree resistance to breakage, basic density, ultrastructure, anatomy, mechanical properties, and wood growth stress have been evaluated in seven Eucalyptus grandis × Eucalyptus urophylla clones, collected from a region with a high incidence of wind damage. The Pearson correlation coefficient between the tree resistance to breakage and the ratio between the area damaged by the winds and the total planted area was -0.839, showing the efficiency of the methodology adopted and that high breaking strength results in a smaller area affected by wind damage. Trees with a high basic density, cell wall fraction, modulus of elasticity of the middle lamella and fibers, fiber hardness, modulus of rupture, growth stress and low microfibril angle and height and width of the rays showed greater resistance to wind damage. Therefore, the selection of clones with these features may reduce the incidence of damage by winds in Eucalyptus plantations.

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Duan, Jin, Qichang Lu, Zhenyang Zhao, Xin Wang, Yuxin Zhang, Jue Wang, Biao Li, Weining Xie, Xiaolu Sun, and Xiangnan Zhu. "Grinding Behaviors of Components in Heterogeneous Breakage of Coals of Different Ash Contents in a Ball-and-Race Mill." Minerals 10, no. 3 (March 3, 2020): 230. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min10030230.

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Coals used for power plants normally have different ash contents, and the breakage of coals by the ball-and-race mill or roller mill is an energy-intensive process. Grinding phenomena in mill of power plants is complex, and it is also not the same with ideal grinding tests in labs. The interaction among various coals would result in changes of grinding behaviors and energy consumption characterization if compared with those of single breakage. In this study, anthracite and bituminous coal of different ash contents were selected to be heterogeneously ground. Quantitation of components in products was realized using the relation between sulfur content of the mixture and mass yield of one component in the mixture. Product fineness t10 of the component was determined, and split energy was calculated on the premise of specific energy balance and energy-size reduction model by a genetic algorithm. Experimental results indicate that breakage rate and product fineness t10 of the mixture decrease with the increase of hard anthracite content in the mixture. Unlike the single breakage, t10 of anthracite in heterogeneous grinding is improved dramatically, and bituminous coal shows the opposite trend. The interaction between components results in the decrease of the specific energy of the mixture if compared with the mass average one of components in single breakage. Breakage resistance of hard anthracite decreases due to the addition of soft bituminous coal, and grinding energy efficiency of anthracite is also improved compared with that of single grinding.

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Si, Liang, Yijun Cao, and Guixia Fan. "Breakage Characterization of Magnetite under Impact Loads and Cyclic Impact Loading." Energies 13, no. 20 (October 19, 2020): 5459. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13205459.

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A series of impact compression tests were conducted to study the breakage characteristics of magnetite, as well as the impact pressure on its strain rate and dynamic compressive strength. The dynamic mechanical properties and fragmentation size distribution of magnetite under diverse impact loads and cyclic impact were investigated, with fractal theory as a basis and split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB). Breakage methods were also employed to analyze the fracture morphology of magnetite. According to the result, the fractal dimension can reflect the distribution of fragments in various sizes. If the strain rate increases, the fractal dimension will be larger, the fragment size will be finer, and the fragmentation degree will be more influential. A micro-analysis of SEM images demonstrates that the fracture morphology is determined by mineral properties. Under low load cyclic impact, intergranular fracture is the main fractography. Besides, the intergranular fracture will be changed to a transgranular one as the impact load increases.

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Wu, Na, Yongfang Hu, and Shufeng Sun. "Microstructure Characterization and Interfacial Reactions between Au-Sn Solder and Different Back Metallization Systems of GaAs MMICs." Materials 13, no. 6 (March 11, 2020): 1266. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13061266.

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GaAs monolithic microwave integrated circuits (MMICs) with different back metallization systems (TiW/Au and Au/Ti/Au) exhibit different problems in the automatic Au-Sn eutectic bonding process, such as edge breakage or excessive voids. In this study, the formation mechanism of the edge breakage and excessive voids were investigated to prevent the damage of the MMICs in mass production scenarios. The microstructure and elemental distribution were studied using a scanning electron microscope and energy-dispersive spectroscopy. The void contents of the brazed region were measured with three-dimensional computed tomography. The top Au layer of the TiW/Au metallization partially dissolved in the melting An-Sn solder. Consequently, liquidus temperature of the solder increased, leading to isothermal solidification with the formation of ζ-Au5Sn in the scrubbing process, which was the reason for the edge breakage. The terminal Au film of the Au/Ti/Au metallization completely dissolved in the melting An-Sn solder. The metallurgical combination was achieved by the formation of the TiAu4 intermetallic compound between the Au-Sn solder and the Ti layer. The wettability of Au-Sn solder on Ti layer should be improved to prevent the formation of the excessive voids.

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Quijano-Solis, C., and N. Yan. "Characterization of biofiber breakage in composite processing using a capillary rheometer." Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites 33, no. 16 (June 9, 2014): 1463–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0731684414537360.

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Han, Jie, John Fitzpatrick, Kevin Cronin, and Song Miao. "Dairy powder breakage: Mechanisms, characterization methods, impacted properties and influencing factors." Trends in Food Science & Technology 114 (August 2021): 608–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2021.05.043.

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Cassidy-Hanley, Donna, Yelena Bisharyan, Vladimir Fridman, Joseph Gerber, Cindy Lin, Eduardo Orias, Judith D. Orias, Hilary Ryder, Linh Vong, and Eileen P. Hamilton. "Genome-Wide Characterization ofTetrahymena thermophilaChromosome Breakage Sites. II. Physical and Genetic Mapping." Genetics 170, no. 4 (June 14, 2005): 1623–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1534/genetics.104.031435.

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Capo-Chichi, José-Mario, Sanjay Kumar Bharti, Joshua A. Sommers, Tony Yammine, Eliane Chouery, Lysanne Patry, Guy A. Rouleau, et al. "Identification and Biochemical Characterization of a Novel Mutation inDDX11Causing Warsaw Breakage Syndrome." Human Mutation 34, no. 1 (October 17, 2012): 103–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/humu.22226.

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Saha, Debashish, Miroslav Soos, Beat Lüthi, Markus Holzner, Alex Liberzon, Matthaus U. Babler, and Wolfgang Kinzelbach. "Experimental Characterization of Breakage Rate of Colloidal Aggregates in Axisymmetric Extensional Flow." Langmuir 30, no. 48 (November 24, 2014): 14385–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la502686b.

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Hasanova, Aytakin. "CHARACTERIZATION OF HUMAN CHROMOSOMAL CONSTITUTIVE HETEROCHROMATIN." Gulustan-Black Sea Scientific Journal of Academic Research 53, no. 02 (April 15, 2020): 08–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.36962/gbssjar5302202008.

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Heterochromatin of centromeric chromosome regions contains late replicating, largely repetitive DNA. It is suggested that heterochromatin participates in chromosome pairing, crossing-over and in chromosome disjunction control (1,3). Centromeric heterochromatin, a variety of heterochromatin, is a tightly packed form of DNA.Centromeric heterochromatin is a constituent in the formation ofactive centromeres in most higher-order organisms; the domain exists on both mitotic and interphase chromosomes. (4,5,6,8) Centromeric heterochromatin is usually formed on alpha satellite DNA in humans; however, there have been cases where centric heterochromatin and centromeres have formed on originally euchromatin domains lacking alpha satellite DNA; this usually happens as a result of a chromosome breakage event and the formed centromere is called a neocentromere.

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Nikiforov, Mikhail A., Martin A. Gorovsky, and C. David Allis. "A Novel Chromodomain Protein, Pdd3p, Associates with Internal Eliminated Sequences during Macronuclear Development inTetrahymena thermophila." Molecular and Cellular Biology 20, no. 11 (June 1, 2000): 4128–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.20.11.4128-4134.2000.

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ABSTRACT Conversion of the germ line micronuclear genome into the genome of a somatic macronucleus in Tetrahymena thermophila requires several DNA rearrangement processes. These include (i) excision and subsequent elimination of several thousand internal eliminated sequences (IESs) scattered throughout the micronuclear genome and (ii) breakage of the micronuclear chromosomes into hundreds of DNA fragments, followed by de novo telomere addition to their ends. Chromosome breakage sequences (Cbs) that determine the sites of breakage and short regions of DNA adjacent to them are also eliminated. Both processes occur concomitantly in the developing macronucleus. Two stage-specific protein factors involved in germ line DNA elimination have been described previously. Pdd1p and Pdd2p (for programmed DNA degradation) physically associate with internal eliminated sequences in transient electron-dense structures in the developing macronucleus. Here, we report the purification, sequence analysis, and characterization of Pdd3p, a novel developmentally regulated, chromodomain-containing polypeptide. Pdd3p colocalizes with Pdd1p in the peripheral regions of DNA elimination structures, but is also found more internally. DNA cross-linked and immunoprecipitated with Pdd1p- or Pdd3p-specific antibodies is enriched in IESs, but not Cbs, suggesting that different protein factors are involved in elimination of these two groups of sequences.

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Anticoi, Hernan, Eduard Guasch, Sarbast Hamid, Josep Oliva, Pura Alfonso, Maite Garcia-Valles, Marc Bascompta, et al. "Breakage Function for HPGR: Mineral and Mechanical Characterization of Tantalum and Tungsten Ores." Minerals 8, no. 4 (April 20, 2018): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min8040170.

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Lin, C. L., J. D. Miller, T. Nguyen, and A. Nguyen. "Characterization of Breakage and Washability of ROM Coal using X-ray Computed Tomography." International Journal of Coal Preparation and Utilization 39, no. 3 (April 18, 2017): 145–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19392699.2017.1305364.

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KAZAZIAN, HAIG H., STYLIANOS E. ANTONARAKIS, CORINNE WONG, STEPHEN P. TRUSKO, GAIL STETTEN, MARK OLIVER, MICHAEL J. POTTER, JAMES F. GUSELLA, and PAUL C. WATKINS. "Ring Chromosome 21: Characterization of DNA Sequences at Sites of Breakage and Reunion." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 450, no. 1 Molecular org (June 1985): 33–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1985.tb21481.x.

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Hasan, Basim O., Muayad F. Hamad, Hasan Sh Majdi, and Mustafa M. Hathal. "Experimental characterization of dynamic behavior of single bubble breakage in an agitated tank." European Journal of Mechanics - B/Fluids 85 (January 2021): 430–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.euromechflu.2020.11.001.

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Luke, S., R. S. Verma, R. A. Conte, and T. Mathews. "Molecular characterization of the secondary constriction region (qh) of human chromosome 9 with pericentric inversion." Journal of Cell Science 103, no. 4 (December 1, 1992): 919–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.103.4.919.

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Pericentric inversion of the secondary constriction region (qh) of human chromosome 9 is a frequent occurrence. This structural alteration is regarded as a normal familial variant, termed heteromorphism, and is inherited in a Mendelian fashion without any apparent phenotypic consequences. We characterized the qh region of chromosome 9 from five individuals using a series of molecular cytogenetic techniques. Four out of the five individuals have an additional area composed of alphoid DNA sequences on the inverted chromosome 9 while one case was found to have an apparently intact alphoid DNA sequence. Although the direct function(s) of alphoid DNA sequences remain unclear, the centromeric breakage involving these sequences in inverted chromosome 9 raises a series of questions pertaining to the monocentric, dicentric and pseudodicentric nature of pericentric inversions. Nevertheless, these findings have prompted us to suggest that the structural organization of alphoid DNA sequences of the centromeric region of chromosome 9 are apparently “breakage prone” and may be associated with a higher incidence of pericentric inversions. Furthermore, the hierarchical organization of various satellite DNA families (alpha-satellite, beta-satellite and satellite III) within the primary and secondary constriction regions of chromosomes 9 are elucidated here.

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Watson, R. J., and B. Blackwell. "Purification and characterization of a common soil component which inhibits the polymerase chain reaction." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 46, no. 7 (July 1, 2000): 633–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w00-043.

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DNA prepared from soil usually contains a brown-tinted inhibitor of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) which limits the sensitivity of this technique for specific detection of microorganisms. To localize the inhibitor, soil fractions were tested for their inhibitory effect on the PCR reaction. A highly inhibitory activity, sufficient to account for the inhibition typically exhibited by soil DNA, was found to be tightly associated with the soil microorganism fraction. After cell breakage, the inhibitory material became soluble, and was not separable from DNA by standard purification procedures. A method was derived by which most of the inhibitory material could be selectively solubilized from the microorganism fraction without cell breakage, using successive washes with buffers differing in EDTA concentration. This technique was used to isolate a substance with characteristics suggesting that it is the major PCR inhibitor contaminating DNA purified from soil. It was found to be an organic, water-soluble compound of high molecular weight, and was present in a variety of soil types from different locations. It was found to be distinctly different in its solubility properties from humic and fulvic acids, and also in its FT-IR and NMR spectra. It forms a complex with protein and may inhibit the PCR reaction by an interaction with Taq DNA polymerase.Key words: fulvic acid, humic acid, PCR inhibitor, soil DNA, soil microorganisms.

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Hamilton, Eileen, Peter Bruns, Cindy Lin, Virginia Merriam, Eduardo Orias, Linh Vong, and Donna Cassidy-Hanley. "Genome-Wide Characterization ofTetrahymena thermophilaChromosome Breakage Sites. I. Cloning and Identification of Functional Sites." Genetics 170, no. 4 (June 14, 2005): 1611–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1534/genetics.104.031401.

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Wei, Ju, Hao Liu, Si Jin Xu, Lai Jiu Zheng, and Bing Du. "Preparation and Characterization of Regenerated Wool Protein PAN Blended Fibers." Advanced Materials Research 690-693 (May 2013): 1461–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.690-693.1461.

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Wasted wool fibers were dissolved by reductive method. The dissolved wool protein was extracted by the membrane technology and blended with the Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) polymer to prepare regenerated fiber. Effects of pH value and dissolution assisting agent type on dissolution percentage of the wasted wool fibers in sodium pyrosulfite reductive system were investigated. Effects of the drawing times on properties of the fibers were also studied. Results indicated that the dissolution percentage rose with the increase of pH value of the reductive solution. Metallic salts have better dissolution assisting effect than urea. Breakage percentage of the as-spun fiber and tenacity of the regenerated protein fiber rose with the increase of the drawing times.

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Li, Lei, and Zhu Feng Yue. "Analysis of Interlaminar Stresses and Failure around Hole Edge for Composite Laminates under In-Plane Loading." Key Engineering Materials 324-325 (November 2006): 1027–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.324-325.1027.

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The stress characterization around the hole in a composite plate under tensile stress has been studied by the analytical method in this paper. The distribution of the stress components has been presented. With the Hashin Failure Criterion, the failure characterization and different failure modes by the analytical method and finite element method are then studied. The possibility of the failure in different modes is compared. It is found that the fiber breakage, matrix failure and delamination are dominant. The place of the failure is between 70 degree and 90 degree to the loading direction in this paper. The results from analytical method and finite element method can agree with each other. And they are all confirmed by the experiment results.

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Buscarnera, Giuseppe, Changbum Sohn, and Dawa Seo. "Quantification of grain breakage during creep based on X-ray microtomography." E3S Web of Conferences 205 (2020): 09004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202020509004.

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Delayed compression is among the leading causes of long-term deterioration in granular systems, especially when it is mediated by the action of pore fluids. This time-dependent process is often classified as ‘creep’, a term conveying time-dependence without specifying the causes of deformation. This paper presents a methodology based on X-ray synchrotron microtomography to track delayed microstructural changes in compacted sand. Experiments on materials characterized by different grain size and shape have been designed to measure macroscopic variables such as strain rate, as well as to visualize the topological and morphological alterations of the constituting particles. The results reveal that non-negligible inelastic processes such as grain breakage manifest during the first stages of loading, as well as during the ensuing constant-stress delayed compaction. A substantial role of the grain morphology was detected in both stages. Specifically, while samples made of angular grains displayed early breakage due to the exacerbated fragility of the particles, specimens made of rounded grains did not develop a markedly polydisperse structure prior to creep, which led to comparably more intense delayed fracturing. Furthermore, samples consisting of round grains were also found to exhibit more intense shape alterations, with morphological indicators that tended to converge over time towards those of initially angular grains. These results suggest that characterization and simulation of creep in granular media need to encompass a variety of microscopic processes controlled by grain-scale properties, thus requiring multi-scale testing and modelling techniques.

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Berbecaru, Andrei, Sorin Ciuca, Andrei Predescu, George Coman, Mirela Sohaciu, Marius Gheorghe Anton, and Cristian Predescu. "Metallurgical Characterization of the Failed Motor Shaft Component from an Electric Surgical Motor used in Orthopedic Surgery." Key Engineering Materials 638 (March 2015): 327–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.638.327.

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The paper presents the results of research conducted to determine the causes that led to the fracture of a motor shaft component from an electric surgical motor used in orthopedic surgery.The chemical and structural analysis emphasized a structure rich in complex silicate and sulfides inclusions. They form areas of weakness, acting like stress concentrators which induce fatigue shaft breakage. Their high density and non-uniform shape and distribution suggest a non-adequate technology of making and casting of steel, destinated to work in difficult conditions and having an important operational role.

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Cuomo, Francesca, Martina Cofelice, and Francesco Lopez. "Rheological Characterization of Hydrogels from Alginate-Based Nanodispersion." Polymers 11, no. 2 (February 3, 2019): 259. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11020259.

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The interest toward alginate and nanoemulsion-based hydrogels is driven by the wide potential of application. These systems have been noticed in several areas, ranging from pharmaceutical, medical, coating, and food industries. In this investigation, hydrogels prepared through in situ calcium ion release, starting from lemongrass essential oil nanodispersions stabilized in alginate aqueous suspensions in the presence of the nonionic surfactant Tween 80, were evaluated. The hydrogels prepared at different concentrations of oil, alginate, and calcium were characterized through rheological tests. Flow curves demonstrate that the hydrogels share shear thinning behavior. Oscillatory tests showed that the strength of the hydrogel network increases with the crosslinker increase, and decreases at low polymer concentrations. The hydrogels were thixotropic materials with a slow time of structural restoration after breakage. Finally, by analyzing the creep recovery data, the hydrogel responses were all fitted to the Burger model. Overall, it was demonstrated that the presence of essential oil in the proposed hydrogels does not affect the mechanical characteristics of the materials, which are mainly influenced by the concentration of polymer and calcium as a crosslinker.

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Wu, Caibin, Ningning Liao, Guiming Shi, and Liangliang Zhu. "Breakage Characterization of Grinding Media Based on Energy Consumption and Particle Size Distribution: Hexagons versus Cylpebs." Minerals 8, no. 11 (November 13, 2018): 527. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min8110527.

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The grinding performance of hexagon grinding media particles has been compared with that of cylpebs grinding media particles. A batch grinding test was conducted using equal masses of hexagons and cylpebs. The particle size distribution and energy consumption during grinding of the ground product were analyzed, and the relationships among the specific surface area, bulk density, energy consumption, and t10 value are discussed. Under the same grinding conditions, the grinding capacity of hexagons was inferior to that of cylpebs. However, as the particle size of the feed became finer, the grinding effect of hexagons became more apparent. At the same time, the qualified particles content in the ground product was higher when using hexagons than when using cylpebs. The relationship between the specific surface area and energy consumption during grinding was consistent with the regular pattern of grinding fineness and energy consumption. In addition, the bulk density of minerals decreases with an increase in grinding energy. The same conclusion was obtained when −0.425 mm tungsten ore was used as a sample for validation. The flotation experiment result has carried out that hexagons as grinding media have a better flotation indicator than cylpebs in the same grinding fineness. It is demonstrated that although the grinding capacity of hexagons is inferior to that of cylpebs, less overgrinding occurs when using hexagons than when using cylpebs. For tungsten ore grinding, hexagons act as a finer grinding media than cylpebs.

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Vissinga, C. S., T. C. Yeo, J. Woessner, H. F. Massa, R. K. Wilson, B. J. Trask, and P. Concannon. "Identification, characterization, and mapping of a mouse homolog of the gene mutated in Nijmegen breakage syndrome." Cytogenetic and Genome Research 87, no. 1-2 (1999): 80–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000015396.

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Akutsu, Noriyuki, Kenta Iijima, Takeo Hinata, and Hiroshi Tauchi. "Characterization of the plant homolog of Nijmegen breakage syndrome 1: Involvement in DNA repair and recombination." Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 353, no. 2 (February 2007): 394–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.12.030.

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Liu, Chunfeng, Oliver Yang, Gen Li, and Yantai Shu. "Effective Transmission Coverage Area-Based Link Dynamics Characterization of VANET in Highway Scenario." International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks 2015 (2015): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/307031.

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This paper uses the concept of effective transmission coverage area as a model for the derivation of analytic expressions in order to characterize the dynamic statistics of link lifetime, new link arrival rate, new link interarrival time, link breakage interarrival time, and so forth. Extensive simulations have been undertaken to verify the derived analytical expressions via generated mobility traces. Results demonstrate that the proposed analytical model can characterize the dynamic statistics well. Furthermore, the mathematical results of expected link life and expected new link arrival rate are provided to be used in analyzing the network connectivity. Combining with queueing theory, the upper bound connectivity of a VANET is obtained. This work thus provides a fundamental guideline on designing new mobility models, new routing protocols, and the corresponding performance analysis in VANET.

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Sudarisman, Budi Nur Rahman Muhammad, and Rizkianto Hidayat Aziz. "Tensile and Flexural Properties of Bamboo (Gigantochloa apus) Fiber/Epoxy Green Composites." Applied Mechanics and Materials 758 (April 2015): 119–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.758.119.

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The current work deals with the tensile and flexural properties of bamboo fiber/epoxy composites. Tensile and flexural property evaluations were carried out in accordance with the ASTM D638 and ASTM D790 standards, respectively. Bamboo fiber was obtained from local bamboo by means of degumming process. The matrix being used is Eposchon general purpose Bisphenol A-epichlorohydrin epoxy resin mixed with Eposchon general purpose Polyaminoamide epoxy hardener supplied by P.T. Justus Kimiaraya. The specimens were cut from five bamboo fiber/epoxy composite panels. Five different fiber volume fractions, Vf, i.e. 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 vol%, have been considered. All mechanical and physical characterization were carried out at the Mechanical Engineering laboratory, Universitas Muhammaiyah Yogyakarta. Photo macrographs of selected samples were analyzed to describe their failure modes. Physical property evaluation revealed that a slight fiber content deviation from their expected results was observed. Whilst tensile strength, modulus and strain to failure, as well as flexural strength and modulus were found to increase with the increase of fiber content up to 29.8%, maximum flexural strain to failure was being at Vf = 21.1%. Tensile specimens were mostly failed by debonding followed by fiber breakage, while flexural specimens were mostly failed by debonding followed by fiber breakage and fiber pull-out at tension sides.

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Soulier, Jean, Thierry Leblanc, Jérôme Larghero, Hélène Dastot, Akiko Shimamura, Philippe Guardiola, Hélène Esperou, et al. "Detection of somatic mosaicism and classification of Fanconi anemia patients by analysis of the FA/BRCA pathway." Blood 105, no. 3 (February 1, 2005): 1329–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2004-05-1852.

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AbstractFanconi anemia (FA) is characterized by congenital abnormalities, bone marrow failure, chromosome fragility, and cancer susceptibility. Eight FA-associated genes have been identified so far, the products of which function in the FA/BRCA pathway. A key event in the pathway is the monoubiquitination of the FANCD2 protein, which depends on a multiprotein FA core complex. In a number of patients, spontaneous genetic reversion can correct FA mutations, leading to somatic mosaicism. We analyzed the FA/BRCA pathway in 53 FA patients by FANCD2 immunoblots and chromosome breakage tests. Strikingly, FANCD2 monoubiquitination was detected in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) in 8 (15%) patients. FA reversion was further shown in these patients by comparison of primary fibro-blasts and PBLs. Reversion was associated with higher blood counts and clinical stability or improvement. Once constitutional FANCD2 patterns were determined, patients could be classified based on the level of FA/BRCA pathway disruption, as “FA core” (upstream inactivation; n = 47, 89%), FA-D2 (n = 4, 8%), and an unidentified downstream group (n = 2, 4%). FA-D2 and unidentified group patients were therefore relatively common, and they had more severe congenital phenotypes. These results show that specific analysis of the FA/BRCA pathway, combined with clinical and chromosome breakage data, allows a comprehensive characterization of FA patients.

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Kato, Takema, Yuya Ouchi, Hidehito Inagaki, Yoshio Makita, Seiji Mizuno, Mitsuharu Kajita, Toshiro Ikeda, Kazuhiro Takeuchi, and Hiroki Kurahashi. "Genomic Characterization of Chromosomal Insertions: Insights into the Mechanisms Underlying Chromothripsis." Cytogenetic and Genome Research 153, no. 1 (2017): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000481586.

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Chromosomal insertions are rare structural rearrangements, and the molecular mechanisms underlying their origin are unknown. In this study, we used whole genome sequencing to analyze breakpoints and junction sequences in 4 patients with chromosomal insertions. Our analysis revealed that none of the 4 cases involved a simple insertion mediated by a 3-chromosomal breakage and rejoining events. The inserted fragments consisted of multiple pieces derived from a localized genomic region, which were shuffled and rejoined in a disorderly fashion with variable copy number alterations. The junctions were blunt ended or with short microhomologies or short microinsertions, suggesting the involvement of nonhomologous end-joining. In one case, analysis of the parental origin of the chromosomes using nucleotide variations within the insertion revealed that maternal chromosomal segments were inserted into the paternal chromosome. This patient also carried both maternal alleles, suggesting the presence of zygotic trisomy. These data indicate that chromosomal shattering may occur in association with trisomy rescue in the early postzygotic stage.

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Liew, Fui Kiew, Sinin Hamdan, Md Rezaur Rahman, Mohamad Rusop, Josephine Chang Hui Lai, Md Faruk Hossen, and Md Mizanur Rahman. "Synthesis and Characterization of Cellulose from Green Bamboo by Chemical Treatment with Mechanical Process." Journal of Chemistry 2015 (2015): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/212158.

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Bamboo cellulose was prepared by chemical process involving dewaxing, delignification, and mercerization process. Four samples namely, green bamboo fiber (GBF), dewaxed bamboo fiber (DBF), delignified bamboo fiber (DLBF), and cellulose fiber (CF) had been analysed. FTIR and TGA analysis confirmed the removal of hemicellulose and lignin at the end stage of the process. FTIR results reveal that the D-cellulose OH group occurred at 1639 cm−1region. SEM micrograph showed that mercerization leads to fibrillation and breakage of the fiber into smaller pieces which promote the effective surface area available for contact. Barrer, Joiyner, and Halenda (BJH) method confirmed that the effective surface area of CF is two times larger compared to GBF. CF showed the highest activation energy compared to GBF. It indicates that CF was thermally stable.

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Yu, Zhishui, Wei-Sheng Lei, and Jianguang Zhai. "A synchronized statistical characterization of size dependence and random variation of breakage strength of individual brittle particles." Powder Technology 317 (July 2017): 329–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2017.05.012.

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Barret, J.-M., B. T. Hill, and P. L. Olive. "Characterization of DNA-strand breakage induced in V79 cells by F 11782, a catalytic inhibitor of topoisomerases." British Journal of Cancer 83, no. 12 (December 2000): 1740–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1054/bjoc.2000.1514.

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Yang, Pei-Hui, Hong-Yang Gao, Jiye Cai, Jen-Fu Chiu, Hongzhe Sun, and Qing-Yu He. "The Stepwise Process of Chromium-Induced DNA Breakage: Characterization by Electrochemistry, Atomic Force Microscopy, and DNA Electrophoresis." Chemical Research in Toxicology 18, no. 10 (October 2005): 1563–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/tx050134w.

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Pereira, Alexandre L., Mariana D. Banea, Jorge S. S. Neto, and Daniel K. K. Cavalcanti. "Mechanical and Thermal Characterization of Natural Intralaminar Hybrid Composites Based on Sisal." Polymers 12, no. 4 (April 9, 2020): 866. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12040866.

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The main objective of this work was to investigate the effect of hybridization on the mechanical and thermal properties of intralaminar natural fiber-reinforced hybrid composites based on sisal. Ramie, sisal and curauá fibers were selected as natural fiber reinforcements for the epoxy matrix based composites, which were produced by the hand lay-up technique. Tensile, flexural and impact tests were carried out according to American society for testing and materials (ASTM) standards to characterize the hybrid composites, while differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were used to evaluate the thermal properties. It was found that the mechanical properties are improved by hybridization of sisal based composites. The thermal analysis showed that the hybridization did not significantly affect the thermal stability of the composites. A scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to examine the fracture surface of the tested specimens. The SEM images showed a brittle fracture of the matrix and fiber breakage near the matrix.

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Malucelli, Lucca C., Diego Lomonaco, Marco A. S. C. Filho, and Washington L. E. Magalhães. "Cellulose triacetate from different sources: modification assessment through thermal and chemical characterization." Holzforschung 74, no. 5 (May 26, 2020): 505–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf-2019-0035.

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AbstractModification techniques have been widely employed to improve cellulose properties, thus increasing the diversity of industrial applications. While wood pulp cellulose is the most common source for industrial production, little has been studied about the effects of the cellulose source and its purity on modification. Therefore, this article investigates the influence of cellulose source (e.g. wood or cotton) on its modification (acetylation), by estimating the obtained degree of substitution (DS) through Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) and back titration. The intense reduction in samples’ crystallinity after acetylation was a result of breakage of inter- and intra-molecular hydrogen bonds, thus confirming acetylation. Although Avicel showed the highest cellulose content and was virtually free of hemicellulose and lignin, this did not affect the acetylation degree, as all samples were successfully triacetylated. The techniques used in this study were ideal for detecting acetylation and estimating the DS, which makes them good tools for modification studies of cellulose derivatives.

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Mao, Hanping, Yang Liu, Luhua Han, Baoguo Sheng, Guoxin Ma, and Yaxiong Li. "X-ray computerized tomography for characterization of pick-up destruction and pick-up parameter optimization of tomato root lumps." Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research 17, no. 2 (July 26, 2019): e0202. http://dx.doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2019172-13886.

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This study was aimed to find the causes of pick-up destruction of tomato root lumps using X-ray microcomputed tomography, and to identify the pick-up parameters of low root lump destruction. The roots and pores were reconstructed three-dimensionally and analyzed quantitatively. It was found that the roots acted winding and wraping the root lumps and thus preventing the substrate from loosening. The major causes for root lump destruction were pore aggregation and crack formation. The apex and circumference of pick-up pins were areas where root lumps were prone to fracture and breakage, respectively. Lacunarities of these two areas were used as index to quantify the root lump destruction. Single-factor analysis of variance was conducted with pick-up pin shape (circular, flat), diameter (2, 2.5, 3 mm) and initial pick-up angle (18°, 21°, 24°) as the test factors and then the effects of these three factors on root lump destruction were studied. It was found the lacunarities at the fracturable area and breakable area both increased with the rise of pick-up pin diameter and decreased with the rise of initial pick-up angle. At the same pick-up conditions, lacunarities with the use of flat pins always surpassed that of circular pins. When circular pick-up pins with diameter of 2 mm and initial pick-up angle of 24° were used, the destruction rate of root lumps (6.63%) was smaller than under other test conditions. The optimized pick-up parameters can be used to guide gripper design and to improve the working performance of automatic transplanters.

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Alia, Adem, Gilbert Fantozzi, Nathalie Godin, Hocine Osmani, and Pascal Reynaud. "Mechanical behaviour of jute fibre-reinforced polyester composite: Characterization of damage mechanisms using acoustic emission and microstructural observations." Journal of Composite Materials 53, no. 24 (January 6, 2019): 3377–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998318822128.

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The present work deals with the mechanical characterization of a woven jute fabrics reinforced polyester resin composite. Two stacking sequences were considered: [0]8 and [+45/−45]2S. In-situ acoustic emission technique, X-ray computed tomography (X-ray CT) and post-mortem microscopic observations were used to characterise the damage mechanisms and to follow their evolutions during uniaxial tension. The microstructural analysis and X-ray CT revealed the following damage modes for the two lay-ups: fibre-matrix debondings which constitute the dominant mechanism, matrix crackings and fibre breakages and pull-outs. The acoustic emission data were processed using an unsupervised pattern recognition technique which combines principal components analysis and k-means optimized by a genetic algorithm. Both temporal and frequential features of acoustic emission signals were considered. The Laplacian score and dendrogram were used to determine the relevant and uncorrelated descriptors for clustering. Three clusters of events were obtained and the waveforms of each one were examined. Furthermore, the frequency contents of signals of each cluster were accurately investigated using power density spectrum and smoothed pseudo Wigner-Ville time-frequency distribution and the discrepancies between clusters are highlighted. Cluster 1 (Cl 1) characterized by signals of low frequency and intermediate amplitude, cluster 2 (Cl 2) characterized by signals of higher frequency and an amplitude similar to that of Cl 1 and cluster 3 (Cl 3) characterized by signals of higher amplitude. A correlation between the clusters and the damage mechanisms was established by means of interrupted tensile tests: Cl 1 is assigned to the matrix cracking, Cl 2 to the fibre-matrix debonding and Cl 3 to the fibre breakage and pull-out. The kinetic of evolution of each damage mode was monitored for the two stacking sequences.

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Lang, Tao, Shixiao La, Bin Li, Zhihui Yu, Qiheng Chen, Jianbo Li, Ennian Yang, Guangrong Li, and Zujun Yang. "Precise identification of wheat – Thinopyrum intermedium translocation chromosomes carrying resistance to wheat stripe rust in line Z4 and its derived progenies." Genome 61, no. 3 (March 2018): 177–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/gen-2017-0229.

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The wheat – Thinopyrum intermedium derived line Z4 has displayed novel and effective stripe rust resistance for over 40 years. This study aimed to precisely identify the chromosome constitution of line Z4 and determine the stripe rust resistance contribution using multicolor fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) and molecular marker analysis. The results indicated that the Z4 line (2n = 44) contained two pairs of non-Robertsonian translocations without the 3A chromosomes of wheat. FISH karyotypes of F3 progenies derived from crosses between Z4 and MY11 indicated that the transmission of the translocated chromosomes appeared normal and the number of wheat chromosomes 3A and 3D frequently varied. The FISH signal distribution of a new repetitive probe, named Oligo-3A1, confirmed the physical breakage points on chromosome 3AL incorporated into translocated chromosomes. PLUG markers revealed the breakage points on chromosomes 3A, 7JS, and 3D invloved in the translocated chromosomes, and they were designated as T3DS-3AS.3AL-7JSS and T3AL-7JSS.7JSL. Stripe rust resistances surveys indicated that the proximal region of 7JSS or 7JSL may confer the resistance at the adult plant stage. The precise characterization of the chromosome complements of wheat – Th. intermedium Z4 and derived progenies has demonstrated the importance of combining cytogenetic and molecular approaches in the genomics era for further wheat genetic manipulation and breeding purposes.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Breakage characterization'

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