Journal articles: 'Breast cancer treatment][Cancer'

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Capelo Medina, E., J. Muñoz García, J. Quirós Rivero, M. Ropero Carmona, Y. Ríos Kavadoy, A. Corbacho Campos, A. Torres García, and J. Cabrera Rodríguez. "Second cancers after breast cancer treatment." Reports of Practical Oncology & Radiotherapy 18 (June 2013): S183. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rpor.2013.03.112.

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Matesich, Sister Mary Andrew, and Charles L. Shapiro. "Second cancers after breast cancer treatment." Seminars in Oncology 30, no. 6 (December 2003): 740–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.seminoncol.2003.08.022.

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Miller, Elizabeth, Hee Jin Lee, Amriti Lulla, Liz Hernandez, Prashanth Gokare, and Bora Lim. "Current treatment of early breast cancer: adjuvant and neoadjuvant therapy." F1000Research 3 (August 19, 2014): 198. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.4340.1.

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Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women. The latest world cancer statistics calculated by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) revealed that 1,677,000 women were diagnosed with breast cancer in 2012 and 577,000 died. The TNM classification of malignant tumor (TNM) is the most commonly used staging system for breast cancer. Breast cancer is a group of very heterogeneous diseases. The molecular subtype of breast cancer carries important predictive and prognostic values, and thus has been incorporated in the basic initial process of breast cancer assessment/diagnosis. Molecular subtypes of breast cancers are divided into human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positive (HER2 +), hormone receptor positive (estrogen or progesterone +), both positive, and triple negative breast cancer. By virtue of early detection via mammogram, the majority of breast cancers in developed parts of world are diagnosed in the early stage of the disease. Early stage breast cancers can be completely resected by surgery. Over time however, the disease may come back even after complete resection, which has prompted the development of an adjuvant therapy. Surgery followed by adjuvant treatment has been the gold standard for breast cancer treatment for a long time. More recently, neoadjuvant treatment has been recognized as an important strategy in biomarker and target evaluation. It is clinically indicated for patients with large tumor size, high nodal involvement, an inflammatory component, or for those wish to preserve remnant breast tissue. Here we review the most up to date conventional and developing treatments for different subtypes of early stage breast cancer.

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Jung, Hong Kyu, Jihyoun Lee, Zisun Kim, Min Hyuk Lee, and Ilkyun Lee. "Development of second primary cancers in breast cancer survivors." Journal of Clinical Oncology 34, no. 3_suppl (January 20, 2016): 257. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2016.34.3_suppl.257.

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257 Background: Breast cancer survivors have slightly increased risk of second primary cancers. Importance of screening for second cancers has been raised due to increased survival in those populations. Not only having genetic risk such as BRCA mutation, but also treatment-related risk presents. The most common second primary cancer is breast cancer. Colon cancer, uterine cancer, and ovarian cancer showed increased cumulative incidence. In this study, we assessed development second primary cancers in breast cancer survivors. Methods: Medical record of breast cancer patients was reviewed retrospectively in three tertiary medical institutions. Available data of ICD-9 record after breast cancer diagnosis was evaluated. Diagnosis of second primary breast cancer was excluded in evaluation. Results: Since Jan 1989 to Jan 2014, available medical records were reviewed in breast cancer patients(N = 5880) in three institutions(one urban and the other two rural institutions). Cumulative incidence of overall second primary cancers was 4.57%. Among 269 second primary cancers, thyroid cancer(44.2%) was most common second primary cancer, followed by gastric cancer(10.0%). Gastric cancers were more common in rural institution than urban area(14.2 % vs 5.5%), while incidence of thyroid cancer is elevated in urban institution(57.8% vs 31.9%). Among 9 patients who has been diagnosed endometrial cancer, 7 patients had history of selective estrogen receptor modulator(tamoxifen or toremifen) treatment. Development of lung cancer was not related to breast cancer radiation treatment(4 of 15 patients). Leukemia after breast cancer treatment was diagnosed in 5 patients (8.5% of second primary cancers), three of them were adult T cell leukemia and two of them were acute myeloid leukemia. Conclusions: Incidence of cancer in general population was reflected to development of second primary cancer in breast cancer survivors. Endocrine treatment was related increased incidence of endometrial cancer, respectively. Application of personalized cancer screening plan would be important in this patient group.

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Young-Afat, Danny A., Carla H. van Gils, David J. Bruinvels, Carmen C. van der Pol, Arjen J. Witkamp, Sieta Sijtsema, Yvette Jonasse, et al. "Patients’ and Health Care Providers’ Opinions on a Supportive Health App During Breast Cancer Treatment: A Qualitative Evaluation." JMIR Cancer 2, no. 1 (June 7, 2016): e8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/cancer.5334.

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Sarkar, Esha, Aparna Misra, Rumana Ahmad, and Abbas Ali Mahdi. "CURCUMA LONGA: THE GOLDEN SPICE, POWERFULANTICANCER AGENT IN BREAST CANCER TREATMENT." Era's Journal of Medical Research 6, no. 2 (December 2019): 124–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.24041/ejmr2019.142.

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Bhushan, Arya, Andrea Gonsalves, and Jyothi U. Menon. "Current State of Breast Cancer Diagnosis, Treatment, and Theranostics." Pharmaceutics 13, no. 5 (May 14, 2021): 723. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13050723.

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Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related morbidity and mortality in women worldwide. Early diagnosis and effective treatment of all types of cancers are crucial for a positive prognosis. Patients with small tumor sizes at the time of their diagnosis have a significantly higher survival rate and a significantly reduced probability of the cancer being fatal. Therefore, many novel technologies are being developed for early detection of primary tumors, as well as distant metastases and recurrent disease, for effective breast cancer management. Theranostics has emerged as a new paradigm for the simultaneous diagnosis, imaging, and treatment of cancers. It has the potential to provide timely and improved patient care via personalized therapy. In nanotheranostics, cell-specific targeting moieties, imaging agents, and therapeutic agents can be embedded within a single formulation for effective treatment. In this review, we will highlight the different diagnosis techniques and treatment strategies for breast cancer management and explore recent advances in breast cancer theranostics. Our main focus will be to summarize recent trends and technologies in breast cancer diagnosis and treatment as reported in recent research papers and patents and discuss future perspectives for effective breast cancer therapy.

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Fentiman, Ian S. "Breast cancer treatment." British Journal of Nursing 4, no. 8 (April 27, 1995): 431–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjon.1995.4.8.431.

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Suwankhong, Dusanee, and Pranee Liamputtong. "Breast Cancer Treatment." Cancer Nursing 39, no. 3 (2016): 213–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ncc.0000000000000255.

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Waks, Adrienne G., and Eric P. Winer. "Breast Cancer Treatment." JAMA 321, no. 3 (January 22, 2019): 288. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2018.19323.

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Waks, Adrienne G., and Eric P. Winer. "Breast Cancer Treatment." JAMA 321, no. 3 (January 22, 2019): 316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2018.20751.

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Gump, Frank. "Breast Cancer Treatment." Journal of the American College of Surgeons 206, no. 6 (June 2008): 1240. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2008.01.029.

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Achariyapota, Vuthinun, Tuenjai Chuangsuwanich, and Mongkol Benjapibal. "Inflammatory Breast Cancer from Metastatic Ovarian Cancer." Case Reports in Obstetrics and Gynecology 2016 (2016): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/3476143.

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Metastases to the breast from tumors other than breast carcinomas are extremely rare and represent only 0.2–1.3% of all diagnosed malignant breast tumors. Furthermore, while the most common sites for advanced ovarian cancer metastases are the liver, lung, and pleura, metastasis to the breast from a primary ovarian cancer is uncommon and has only been reported in 0.03–0.6% of all breast cancers. Here we describe a case report of a 50-year-old female patient with a rare case of breast metastases from an advanced ovarian cancer, presenting as inflammatory breast cancer. Our observations emphasize the clinical importance of distinguishing between primary and metastatic breast cancer during diagnosis for the purpose of appropriate prognosis and treatment.

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Wang, Ming-Yang, Hsin-Yi Huang, Yao-Lung Kuo, Chiao Lo, Hung-Yu Sun, Yu-Jhen Lyu, Bo-Rong Chen, Jie-Ning Li, and Pai-Sheng Chen. "TARBP2-Enhanced Resistance during Tamoxifen Treatment in Breast Cancer." Cancers 11, no. 2 (February 12, 2019): 210. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers11020210.

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Tamoxifen is the most widely used hormone therapy in estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer, which accounts for approximately 70% of all breast cancers. Although patients who receive tamoxifen therapy benefit with respect to an improved overall prognosis, resistance and cancer recurrence still occur and remain important clinical challenges. A recent study identified TAR (HIV-1) RNA binding protein 2 (TARBP2) as an oncogene that promotes breast cancer metastasis. In this study, we showed that TARBP2 is overexpressed in hormone therapy-resistant cells and breast cancer tissues, where it enhances tamoxifen resistance. Tamoxifen-induced TARBP2 expression results in the desensitization of ER+ breast cancer cells. Mechanistically, tamoxifen post-transcriptionally stabilizes TARBP2 protein through the downregulation of Merlin, a TARBP2-interacting protein known to enhance its proteasomal degradation. Tamoxifen-induced TARBP2 further stabilizes SOX2 protein to enhance desensitization of breast cancer cells to tamoxifen, while similar to TARBP2, its induction in cancer cells was also observed in metastatic tumor cells. Our results indicate that the TARBP2-SOX2 pathway is upregulated by tamoxifen-mediated Merlin downregulation, which subsequently induces tamoxifen resistance in ER+ breast cancer.

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Altundag, Kadri, Ibrahim Petekkaya, Ugur Sahin, Mustafa Solak, and Yavuz Ozisik. "Non-breast solid malignancies among breast cancer survivors." Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2012): e11092-e11092. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.30.15_suppl.e11092.

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e11092 Background: Due to advances in treatment modalities and palliative care patients with breast cancer live longer compared to the past and thus encounter an increased risk for secondary cancers. This study aims at finding the frequency of other solid cancers in a retrospective cohort. Methods: A search for the history of a non-breast solid tumor (NBST) among 1914 women admitted to our institute with stage I to IV breast cancer between 2006 – 2012 was conducted. Frequency of NBST according to temporal relation with breast cancer diagnosis was calculated Results: Overall 79 NBST and 75 patients (3.9 %) with another solid tumor were discovered. Of the patients 4 had more than one tumor. For these patients the median age at diagnosis was 55 (28 – 93), median follow-up time for breast cancer was 32 months (1 – 132). Post-menopausality was 60.8 %. The most common breast cancer histology was infiltrative ductal carcinoma (70.9 %). Of the 79 NBST, 34 (43.0 %) were diagnosed after breast cancer; 30 (38.0 %) before; and 15 (19.0 %) synchronously. Median time of diagnosis for NBST after breast cancer was 21 months (7 – 296). The most common malignancies were cancers of the ovary, thyroid and uterus (17.7, 15.2 and 11.4 %, respectively). Conclusions: The frequency of gynecological cancers and thyroid cancer along the course of breast cancer is high. Common environmental and genetic factors and may be involved. These patients should be followed closely

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Hasan Ali Ghalib, Hawar, Dara Ahmed Mohammed, and Kanar Abubakr xaznazdr. "INCIDENCE AND RISK FACTORS OF LYMPHEDEMA AFTER REGIONAL TREATMENT OF BREAST CANCER." Journal of Sulaimani Medical College 10, no. 1 (March 21, 2020): 139–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.17656/jsmc.10250.

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Abdel-Razeq, Hikmat, Asem Mansour, and Dima Jaddan. "Breast Cancer Care in Jordan." JCO Global Oncology, no. 6 (September 2020): 260–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.19.00279.

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Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in Jordan and the third leading cause of cancer death after lung and colorectal cancers. Although the incidence of breast cancer in Jordan is lower than that in industrialized nations, the number of new cases has been significantly increasing, and women present with breast cancer at a younger age and with more advanced disease than women in Western countries. Jordan is a medium-income country with limited resources and a young population structure. Therefore, breast cancer poses a particularly challenging burden on the country’s health care system. Despite ongoing endeavors to improve breast cancer care at both public and private levels, more work is needed to achieve downstaging of the disease and improve access, awareness, and participation in early detection. Multimodality treatment facilities and supportive care are available; however, the quality of care varies widely according to where the patient is treated, and most treatment facilities remain located centrally, thus, creating access difficulties. The King Hussein Cancer Center, the only comprehensive cancer center in Jordan, has changed the practice of oncology in the country via implementation of a multidisciplinary approach to treatment, monitoring of treatment outcomes, and investments in ongoing cancer research. However, there remains no national system for ensuring provision of high-quality cancer care nationwide. Here, we review the epidemiology of breast cancer and the current status of breast cancer care in Jordan, we compare our treatment outcomes with international ones, and we highlight challenges and improvement opportunities.

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Fantini, Manuela, Lorenzo Gianni, Carlotta Santelmo, Fabrizio Drudi, Cinzia Castellani, Alessandra Affatato, Mario Nicolini, and Alberto Ravaioli. "Lipoplatin Treatment in Lung and Breast Cancer." Chemotherapy Research and Practice 2011 (December 29, 2011): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/125192.

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The introduction of cisplatin in cancer treatment represents an important achievement in the oncologic field. Many types of cancers are now treated with this drug, and in testicular cancer patients major results are reached. Since 1965, other compounds were disovered and among them carboplatin and oxaliplatin are the main Cisplatin analogues showing similar clinical efficacy with a safer toxicity profile. Lipoplatin is a new liposomal cisplatin formulation which seems to have these characteristics. Lipoplatin was shown to be effective in NSCLC both in phase 2 and phase 3 trials, with the same response rate of Cisplatin, a comparable overall survival but less toxicity. A new protocol aiming to elucidate the double capacity of Lipoplatin to act as a chemotherapeutic and angiogenetic agent in triple-negative breast cancer patients is upcoming.

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Kale, Santosh, Rajmohan Rammohan, Vilma Vas, and Chris Elsayad. "Male Breast Cancer: Reevaluate Our Opinion." Case Reports in Oncological Medicine 2020 (February 6, 2020): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6245415.

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Male breast cancers (MBCs) are relatively uncommon malignancy with less than 1% incidence. MBC presents at a later age with a more advanced presentation as compared to the female breast cancer. Due to the paucity of the number of cases and trials regarding the MBC, female breast cancer treatment protocols are applied. Mastectomy and hormonal therapy remains the mainstay of treatment. Moreover, the data about prognosis of MBC remains limited.

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Abramson, Lisa, Lindsey Massaro, J. Jaime Alberty-Oller, and Amy Melsaether. "Breast Imaging During Pregnancy and Lactation." Journal of Breast Imaging 1, no. 4 (November 5, 2019): 342–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jbi/wbz065.

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Abstract Breast imaging during pregnancy and lactation is important in order to avoid delays in the diagnosis and treatment of pregnancy-associated breast cancers. Radiologists have an opportunity to improve breast cancer detection by becoming familiar with appropriate breast imaging and providing recommendations to women and their referring physicians. Importantly, during pregnancy and lactation, both screening and diagnostic breast imaging can be safely performed. Here we describe when and how to screen, how to work up palpable masses, and evaluate bloody nipple discharge. The imaging features of common findings in the breasts of pregnant and lactating women are also reviewed. Finally, we address breast cancer staging and provide a brief primer on treatment options for pregnancy-associated breast cancers.

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Rizzo, M., N. Reisman, S. G. Gabram, H. L. Bumpers, J. Okoli, O. W. Brawley, and M. Lund. "Differences in treatment in stage III breast cancer in African American women." Journal of Clinical Oncology 25, no. 18_suppl (June 20, 2007): 504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2007.25.18_suppl.504.

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504 Background: Stage III breast carcinomas account for about 6–7% of all invasive breast cancers diagnosed annually in the US. Locally advanced breast cancer (Stage IIIA) and inflammatory breast cancer (Stage IIIB T4d) are now recognized as two distinct clinical pathologic entities, characterized by different prognostic factors profiles. The aim of this study was to compare differences in treatment in women with Stage III breast cancer in an inner city Cancer Center serving a large African American population. Methods: Retrospective review was performed on all Stage III primary breast cancers diagnosed and or treated from 2000 to 2005. Results: Of the 684 primary invasive breast cancers, 96 (14%) were Stage III (45 were Stage IIIA, 33 were Stage IIIB and 12 were inflammatory breast cancer) and 83 of the 96 (86%) were among African American women. The 6 Stage IIIC cases were excluded from analyses. To all patients was offered a combination of chemotherapy, surgery and radiation therapy. All patients with primary or residual tumors ≥ 5 cm or ≥ 3 positive axillary nodes were considered for chest wall and axillary radiation therapy; 48 of 74 received radiotherapy. Stage IIIA patients were less likely to receive neoadjuvant chemotherapy and were more likely to have ≥ 3 positive axillary nodes. Nineteen patients refused chemotherapy. The table summarizes our findings. Conclusions: In this predominantly African American female population, Stage III breast cancers were about twice as prevalent as observed nationally and a high number of these Stage III patients refused adjuvant and neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The benefit of chemotherapy and radiotherapy in improving prognosis for Stage III breast cancers is well established. Thus, reasons for refusal of chemotherapy and lack of radiotherapy need further investigation. [Table: see text] No significant financial relationships to disclose.

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Lappano, Rosamaria, Yves Jacquot, and Marcello Maggiolini. "GPCR Modulation in Breast Cancer." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19, no. 12 (December 2, 2018): 3840. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms19123840.

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Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer found in women living in developed countries. Endocrine therapy is the mainstay of treatment for hormone-responsive breast tumors (about 70% of all breast cancers) and implies the use of selective estrogen receptor modulators and aromatase inhibitors. In contrast, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), a highly heterogeneous disease that may account for up to 24% of all newly diagnosed cases, is hormone-independent and characterized by a poor prognosis. As drug resistance is common in all breast cancer subtypes despite the different treatment modalities, novel therapies targeting signaling transduction pathways involved in the processes of breast carcinogenesis, tumor promotion and metastasis have been subject to accurate consideration. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest family of cell-surface receptors involved in the development and progression of many tumors including breast cancer. Here we discuss data regarding GPCR-mediated signaling, pharmacological properties and biological outputs toward breast cancer tumorigenesis and metastasis. Furthermore, we address several drugs that have shown an unexpected opportunity to interfere with GPCR-based breast tumorigenic signals.

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Ganz, Patricia A., and Erin E. Hahn. "Implementing a Survivorship Care Plan for Patients With Breast Cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 26, no. 5 (February 10, 2008): 759–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2007.14.2851.

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Breast cancer survivors account for 23% of the more than 10 million cancer survivors in the United States today. The treatments for breast cancer are complex and extend over a long period of time. The post-treatment period is characterized by gradual recovery from many adverse effects from treatment; however, many symptoms and problems persist as late effects (eg, infertility, menopausal symptoms, fatigue), and there may be less frequent long-term effects (eg, second cancers, lymphedema, osteoporosis). There is increasing recognition of the need to summarize the patient's course of treatment into a formal document, called the cancer treatment summary, that also includes recommendations for subsequent cancer surveillance, management of late effects, and strategies for health promotion. This article provides guidance on how oncologists can implement a cancer treatment summary and survivorship care plan for breast cancer survivors, with examples and linkage to useful resources. Providing the breast cancer treatment summary and survivorship care plan is being recognized as a key component of coordination of care that will foster the delivery of high-quality cancer care.

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Manna, Subrata, and Marina K. Holz. "Tamoxifen Action in ER-Negative Breast Cancer." Signal Transduction Insights 5 (January 2016): STI.S29901. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/sti.s29901.

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Breast cancer is a highly heterogeneous disease. Tamoxifen is a selective estrogen receptor (ER) modulator and is mainly indicated for the treatment of breast cancer in postmenopausal women and postsurgery neoadjuvant therapy in ER-positive breast cancers. Interestingly, 5-10% of the ER-negative breast cancers have also shown sensitivity to tamoxifen treatment. The involvement of molecular markers and/or signaling pathways independent of ER signaling has been implicated in tamoxifen sensitivity in the ER-negative subgroup. Studies reveal that variation in the expression of estrogen-related receptor alpha, ER subtype beta, tumor microenvironment, and epigenetics affects tamoxifen sensitivity. This review discusses the background of the research on the action of tamoxifen that may inspire future studies to explore effective therapeutic strategies for the treatment of ER-negative and triple-negative breast cancers, the latter being an aggressive disease with worse clinical outcome.

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Feigelson, Heather Spencer, Clara Bodelon, J. David Powers, Rochelle E. Curtis, Diana S. M. Buist, Lene H. S. Veiga, Erin J. Aiello Bowles, Amy Berrington de Gonzalez, and Gretchen L. Gierach. "Body Mass Index and Risk of Second Cancer Among Women With Breast Cancer." JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute 113, no. 9 (April 5, 2021): 1156–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djab053.

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Abstract Background Breast cancer survivors are at increased risk for developing second primary cancers compared with the general population. Little is known about whether body mass index (BMI) increases this risk. We examined the association between BMI and second cancers among women with incident invasive breast cancer. Methods This retrospective cohort included 6481 patients from Kaiser Permanente Colorado and Washington of whom 822 (12.7%) developed a second cancer (mean follow-up was 88.0 months). BMI at the first cancer was extracted from the medical record. Outcomes included: 1) all second cancers, 2) obesity-related second cancers, 3) any second breast cancer, and 4) estrogen receptor–positive second breast cancers. Multivariable Poisson regression models were used to estimate relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for second cancers associated with BMI adjusted for site, diagnosis year, treatment, demographic, and tumor characteristics. Results The mean age at initial breast cancer diagnosis was 61.2 (SD = 11.8) years. Most cases were overweight (33.4%) or obese (33.8%) and diagnosed at stage I (62.0%). In multivariable models, for every 5 kg/m2 increase in BMI, the risk of any second cancer diagnosis increased by 7% (RR = 1.07, 95% CI = 1.01 to 1.14); 13% (RR = 1.13, 95% CI = 1.05 to 1.21) for obesity-related cancers, 11% (RR = 1.11, 95% CI = 1.02 to 1.21) for a second breast cancer, and 15% (RR = 1.15, 95% CI = 1.04 to 1.27) for a second estrogen receptor–positive breast cancer. Conclusions We observed a statistically significant increased risk of second cancers associated with increasing BMI. These findings have important public health implications given the prevalence of overweight and obesity in breast cancer survivors and underscore the need for effective prevention strategies.

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Saad, Fred, Jonathan D. Adachi, Jacques P. Brown, Leah A. Canning, Karen A. Gelmon, Robert G. Josse, and Kathleen I. Pritchard. "Cancer Treatment–Induced Bone Loss in Breast and Prostate Cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 26, no. 33 (November 20, 2008): 5465–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2008.18.4184.

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PurposeBone loss resulting from the treatment of breast and prostate cancer is an emerging problem. Bisphosphonates have a potential role in the prevention of this cancer treatment–induced bone loss (CTIBL).MethodsStudies evaluating the incidence and prevalence of CTIBL in early breast and prostate cancer patients and trials evaluating the preventative role of bisphosphonates were identified by a search of the PubMed and Cochrane Library databases through the end of March 2008. Reference lists from retrieved articles were cross referenced, and further information was obtained from relevant scientific meetings.ResultsSeveral therapies commonly used in the treatment of women and men with breast and prostate cancers, in particular the aromatase inhibitors (AIs) for breast cancer and androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for prostate cancer, are associated with significant bone loss and with an increase in fracture risk. The use of bisphosphonates seems to attenuate the bone loss, although the long-term impact remains unclear because of insufficient follow-up.ConclusionAdjuvant endocrine therapy with an AI or androgen deprivation can be considered a risk factor for the development of osteopenia, osteoporosis, and bone fracture, which can be mitigated by appropriate bisphosphonate therapy. Clear identification of risk factors for osteoporosis in individual patients should aid treatment decisions about whether to use bisphosphonates when starting or switching to an AI or ADT. Patients need to be educated about this risk and other measures to avoid this complication, including lifestyle modifications that may benefit their general and bone health.

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Núñez Abad, Martín, Silvia Calabuig-Fariñas, Miriam Lobo de Mena, María José Godes Sanz de Bremond, Clara García González, Susana Torres Martínez, José Ángel García-García, Vega Iranzo González-Cruz, and Carlos Camps Herrero. "Update on systemic treatment in early triple negative breast cancer." Therapeutic Advances in Medical Oncology 13 (January 2021): 175883592098674. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1758835920986749.

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Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a heterogeneous disease representing about 15% of all breast cancers. TNBC are usually high-grade histological tumors, and are generally more aggressive and difficult to treat due to the lack of targeted therapies available, and chemotherapy remains the standard treatment. There is a close relationship between pathological complete response after chemotherapy treatment and higher rates of disease-free survival and overall survival. In this review of systemic treatment in early triple negative breast cancer, our purpose is to analyze and compare different therapies, as well as to highlight the novelties of treatment in this breast cancer subtype.

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Rissanen, Tarja J., Hanna P. Mäkäräinen, Meeri A. Apaja-Sarkkinen, and Eija-Leena Lindholm. "Mammography and Ultrasound in the Diagnosis of Contralateral Breast Cancer." Acta Radiologica 36, no. 4-6 (July 1995): 358–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/028418519503600406.

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Forty-nine (5%) of 956 women referred for follow-up imaging after breast cancer treatment had a malignancy in both breasts. The mammograms and ultrasonograms or US reports, and histologic slides or pathologic reports of 31 of these patients were reviewed. Mammography was more sensitive than clinical examination or US in detecting contralateral breast cancer, the sensitivity of mammography being 81%. Thirty-nine percent of the contralateral cancers were nonpalpable, and all were first detected at mammography. No cancers were depicted by US alone. US provided complementary information about palpable masses in 50% of the cases in which the mammographic finding was difficult to interpret. The mammographic appearance and the difficulties in detecting a contralateral cancer were similar to those known to be characteristic for first primaries. Distinguishing a new primary from a metastasis from the first breast cancer was not always possible by means of mammography or US.

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Sonal, Viyas, Kumari Rinki, Tiwari Anamika, Shahi UP, and Singh GPI. "The Effect of Nutrition on Risk of Breast Cancer." Journal of Clinical Cases & Reports 3, no. 1 (January 31, 2020): 22–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.46619/joccr.2020.3-1056.

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Introduction: The nutritional status has been related to breast cancer risk factors as well as to cancer treatment morbid mortality. Thus, its assessment is important for developing strategies for the promotion of nutritional status and breast cancer outcome. Material and Methods: Several different methods used for nutritional assessment in breast cancer patients undergoing therapy were used, including subjective global assessment (SGA), body mass index (BMI), and biochemical analysis (BA). The occurrence of complications during breast cancer treatment versus the nutritional status was assessed. Results: We followed 86 women with age range 18-76 years. Most patients were considered malnourished (65%). A good number of patients experienced complications during breast cancer treatment, and associated with nutritional status. Conclusion: In breast cancer women undergoing therapy, the prevalence of under nutrition was high. There were the effects of poor nutrition or undernutrition on clinical outcomes of breast cancer.

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Greene, Rebecca E., and Vivian Tsang. "Hormonal Therapy for the Treatment of Postmenopausal Breast Cancer Patients." Journal of Pharmacy Practice 21, no. 1 (February 2008): 36–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0897190008315055.

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Breast cancer is the most common cancer diagnosed and the second leading cause of cancer-related death in women. The majority of breast cancers diagnosed in postmenopausal women are hormone receptor positive and involve therapy with hormonal agents. Tamoxifen, a selective estrogen-receptor modulator, has been the mainstay of hormonal therapy since the 1970s. The more recent approval and success of aromatase inhibitors, such as anastrozole, letrozole, and exemestane, have seen these agents move to the front line of therapy for postmenopausal women with hormone-positive breast cancer in the adjuvant and metastatic settings. Fulvestrant, a selective estrogen receptor— downregulator, provides an additional hormonal therapy with a novel mechanism of action. This article reviews the current literature available regarding the use of these agents for postmenopausal women with early stage or advanced breast cancer.

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Michaud, Laura Boehnke. "Treatment-experienced breast cancer." American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy 65, no. 10_Supplement_3 (May 15, 2008): S4—S9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2146/ajhp080088.

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Rubens, R. D. "Breast cancer: Adjuvant treatment." European Journal of Cancer 28, no. 2-3 (February 1992): 620–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0959-8049(05)80111-x.

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Hortobagyi, Gabriel N. "Treatment of Breast Cancer." New England Journal of Medicine 339, no. 14 (October 1998): 974–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/nejm199810013391407.

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Price, A., L. Robinson, J. Corner, J. R. Yarnold, Kieran Horgan, Dayalan Clarke, Neil Pugh, and Christopher Holcombe. "Treatment of breast cancer." Lancet 343, no. 8894 (February 1994): 427–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(94)91269-6.

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Wizenberg, Morris J. "Treatment of Breast Cancer." JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 254, no. 23 (December 20, 1985): 3312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.1985.03360230042018.

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McClellan, M. B. "Adjuvant Breast Cancer Treatment." JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 288, no. 17 (November 6, 2002): 2112—a—2112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.288.17.2112-a.

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McClellan, Mark B. "Adjuvant Breast Cancer Treatment." JAMA 288, no. 17 (November 6, 2002): 2112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.288.17.2112-jfd20011-2-1.

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Curigliano, G. "5. Breast cancer treatment." European Journal of Surgical Oncology 38, no. 9 (September 2012): 733. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejso.2012.06.007.

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Orman, Amber, Dianne L. Johnson, Amy Comander, and Nigel Brockton. "Breast Cancer: A Lifestyle Medicine Approach." American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine 14, no. 5 (April 26, 2020): 483–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1559827620913263.

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Breast cancer is the most common female cancer diagnosis in the United States (excluding skin cancers), and the second leading cause of female cancer death. This article highlights the role that lifestyle plays in primary breast cancer prevention, breast cancer treatment, and tertiary breast cancer prevention. Current data regarding the benefits of a predominantly plant-based diet in combination with physical activity and maintenance of a healthy body weight will be reviewed. The evidenced-based patient-focused recommendations developed by the World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research will be discussed in the context of an overall lifestyle strategy. It is our hope that this publication empowers clinicians to provide patients with personalized cancer-protective lifestyle prescriptions.

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Liu, Suling, and Max S. Wicha. "Targeting Breast Cancer Stem Cells." Journal of Clinical Oncology 28, no. 25 (September 1, 2010): 4006–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2009.27.5388.

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There is increasing evidence that many cancers, including breast cancer, contain populations of cells that display stem-cell properties. These breast cancer stem cells, by virtue of their relative resistance to radiation and cytotoxic chemotherapy, may contribute to treatment resistance and relapse. The elucidation of pathways that regulate these cells has led to the identification of potential therapeutic targets. A number of agents capable of targeting breast cancer stem cells in preclinical models are currently entering clinical trials. Assessment of the efficacy of the agents will require development of innovative clinical trial designs with appropriate biologic and clinical end points. The effective targeting of breast cancer stem cells has the potential to significantly improve outcome for women with both early-stage and advanced breast cancer.

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Зикиряходжаев, А., A. Zikiryahodjaev, М. Ермощенкова, M. Ermoshchenkova, А. Каприн, A. Kaprin, В. Чиссов, V. Chissov, М. Запиров, and M. Zapirov. "Modern Trends in the Breast Cancer Conserving Surgery and Oncoplastic Breast Surgery." Medical Radiology and radiation safety 63, no. 6 (November 12, 2018): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_5c0eb1e48ccda8.47993356.

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Introduction: The highest priority for modern clinical oncology is functionally-sparing and organ-conserving treatment. In Russia, breast cancer (BC), among all malignant tumors, accounted for 21.1 % of women in 2017. Oncoplastic radical resections (OPS-BCS = oncoplastic surgery – breast conserving surgery) have been widely used. This term means resection of the breast for cancer using plastic surgery to restore the shape of the breast, in most cases with one-stage correction of the contralateral breast. Purpose: It was the creation of various techniques of oncoplastic breast surgery, applicable for the appropriate localization of breast cancer and the evaluation of surgical, oncological and aesthetic results. Methods: From 2013 to 2017, in the P.A. Hertsen Moscow Oncology Research Center, organ-conserving surgery were performed in 570 patients with BC with an average age of 54.2. Stage 0 was diagnosed in 4.6 %, I – 5.9 %, IIA – 28.7 %, IIB – 6 %, IIIA – 5.1 %, IIIC – 3.3 %, IIIB – 0.2 %, IV – 0.2 %. Radical resection in the standard version was performed in 290 patients with breast cancer, oncoplastic breast surgery in various modifications – in 280. All patients after the organ-conserving surgical treatment received radiation therapy. Patients received chemotherapy, targeted therapy and hormone therapy according to the indications in depending the disease stage and the immunohistochemical type of the tumor. Results: After an urgent and planned morphological study positive margins of resection were revealed in 10 patients, which required reresection of the edges to a negative state of them in case of an urgent intraoperative response and mastectomy – in case of a planned response. Within 4 years, local recurrences were detected in 4 patients (0.7 %), which required a mastectomy with a one-stage reconstruction. In 1 patient (0.2 %), the disease progressed as metastases to the lung – in this case lobectomy and a necessary chemotherapy were conducted. Cosmetic results were defined as excellent in 70 % cases, good – 25 %, satisfactory – 5 %. Conclusion: If there are indications for organ-conserving treatment of breast cancer and the patient’s decision concerning this surgery, the patient should be offered methods of oncoplastic surgery for the prevention of psychological and emotional stress, effective rehabilitation, and a quick return to active social life.

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Bouchardy, Christine, Elisabetta Rapiti, Stina Blagojevic, Anne-Thérèse Vlastos, and Georges Vlastos. "Older Female Cancer Patients: Importance, Causes, and Consequences of Undertreatment." Journal of Clinical Oncology 25, no. 14 (May 10, 2007): 1858–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2006.10.4208.

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Despite increased interest in treatment of senior cancer patients, older patients are much too often undertreated. This review aims to present data on treatment practices of older women with breast and gynecologic cancers and on the consequences of undertreatment on patient outcome. We also discuss the reasons and validity of suboptimal care in older patients. Numerous studies have reported suboptimal treatment in older breast and gynecologic cancer patients. Undertreatment displays multiple aspects: from lowered doses of adjuvant chemotherapy to total therapeutic abstention. Undertreatment also concerns palliative care, treatment of pain, and reconstruction. Only few studies have evaluated the consequences of nonstandard approaches on cancer-specific mortality, taking into account other prognostic factors and comorbidities. These studies clearly showed that undertreatment increased disease-specific mortality for breast and ovarian cancers. For other gynecological cancers, data were insufficient to draw conclusions. Objective reasons at the origin of undertreatment were, notably, higher prevalence of comorbidity, lowered life expectancy, absence of data on treatment efficacy in clinical trials, and increased adverse effects of treatment. More subjective reasons were putative lowered benefits of treatment, less aggressive cancers, social marginalization, and physician's beliefs. Undertreatment in older cancer patients is a well-documented phenomenon responsible for preventable cancer deaths. Treatments are still influenced by unclear standards and have to be adapted to the older patient's general health status, but should also offer the best chance of cure.

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Laguens, Graciela, Silvia Coronato, and Wanda Girolamo. "Biomarkers in breast cancer." Open Medicine 1, no. 4 (December 1, 2006): 330–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11536-006-0032-9.

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AbstractBreast cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers among women in the western world. Due to the aggressive behaviour of some specific types and the possibility of an early diagnosis, breast cancer has been constantly studied. Tumour size, histological type, cellular and nuclear characteristics, mitotic index, vascular invasion, hormonal receptors and axillary lymph node status are biomarkers routinely used. However, these parameters are not enough to predict the course of this disease. Molecular biology advances have made it possible to find new markers, which have already been incorporated to the clinical practice. Their ultimate goal is to reduce mortality by identifying women at risk for the development of this disease, help diagnosis, determine prognosis, detect recurrences, monitor and guide treatment, and in particular cancers they are suited for general screening. Tumour markers in breast cancer were ranked in categories reflecting their clinical utility, according to the American College of Pathologists.This article focuses on traditional and new molecular markers stratifying them into categories and emphasizing their relevance in the routine evaluation of patients with breast cancer.

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Chan, K., A. E. Clarke, R. Ramsey-Goldman, W. Foulkes, B. Tessier Cloutier, M. B. Urowitz, D. Gladman, et al. "Breast cancer in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE): receptor status and treatment." Lupus 27, no. 1 (June 8, 2017): 120–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0961203317713146.

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Objective There is a decreased risk of breast cancer in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) versus the general population; little is known regarding the receptor status of breast cancers in SLE, or treatment. Methods Breast cancer cases occurring after SLE diagnosis were ascertained through linkage with tumor registries. We determined breast cancer positivity for estrogen receptors (ER), progesterone receptors (PR), and/or Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2), as well as cancer treatment. Results We obtained information on ER, PR, and/or HER2 status for 63 SLE patients with breast cancer. Fifty-three had information on ER and/or PR status; 36 of these (69%) were ER positive. Thirty-six of the 63 had information on HER2 status; of these, 26 had complete information on all three receptors. Twenty-one of these 26 (81%) were HER2 negative; seven of 26(27%) were triple negative. All but one patient underwent surgery; 11.5% received both non-tamoxifen chemotherapy and radiotherapy, 16.4% radiotherapy without non-tamoxifen chemotherapy, and 14.7% received non-tamoxifen chemotherapy without radiotherapy. Conclusion ER positivity was similar to historical general population figures, with a trend toward a higher proportion of triple-negative breast cancers in SLE (possibly reflecting the relatively young age of our SLE patients).

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Ikhuoria, Ebosetale Blessing, and Christian Bach. "Introduction to Breast Carcinogenesis – Symptoms, Risks factors, Treatment and Management." European Journal of Engineering Research and Science 3, no. 7 (July 31, 2018): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2018.3.7.745.

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This paper aims to review current research and advancement in prevention and management of breast cancer. Occurrence of breast cancer has increased globally in the last decade. It been recorded that 15% of cancer-specific breast cancer. It is a comprehensive literature review on Breast cancer and its dependent variables created a theoretical foundation of the paper. Using the review-centric theory, a model was developed and presented to encapsulate the knowledge of the benefits associated with exercise on breast cancer outcomes through adiposity and immunological mechanisms. The model highlights breast cancer and its relationship with immunological biomarkers, obesity-related biomarkers, exercise or physical activity, biomarkers for adiposity. However more research is needed to understand the use of low doses of radiation inadequate screening, sometimes a screening test may not be able to show with certainty that there is no cancer, or occasionally may miss breast cancer. Overtreatment, some breast cancers that are found by mammography would never become a health problem in the woman’s lifetime. False negatives, other test results miss breast cancer. This shows how signs and symptoms of breast cancer, causes ad risks factors associated with breast cancer, treatment of breast cancer and the management of breast cancer malignancy can help in the decreased of mortality rate in woman and men who has and are likely to test malignancy to breast cancer disease.

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Lorigan, Paul, Raffaele Califano, Corinne Faivre-Finn, Anthony Howell, and Nick Thatcher. "Lung cancer after treatment for breast cancer." Lancet Oncology 11, no. 12 (December 2010): 1184–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1470-2045(10)70056-5.

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Noyon, R., FE van Leeuwen, M. Bontenbal, and R. Somers. "Second cancer risk following breast cancer treatment." European Journal of Cancer 29 (January 1993): S72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0959-8049(93)90995-r.

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Ramya Sree, Parakunnel Ravi, and John Ernest Thoppil. "An overview on breast cancer genetics and recent innovations: Literature survey." Breast Disease 40, no. 3 (July 15, 2021): 143–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/bd-201040.

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Breast cancer is one of the leading cancers nowadays. The genetical mechanism behind breast cancer development is an intricate one. In this review, the genetical background of breast cancer, particularly BRCA 1 and BRCA 2 had been included. Moreover, to summarize the genetics of breast cancer, the recent and ongoing preclinical and clinical studies on the treatment of BRCA-associated breast cancer had also been included. A prime knowledge is that the BRCA gene is the basis of breast cancer risk. How it mediates cell proliferation and associated mechanisms are reviewed here. BRCA 1 gene can influence all phases of the cell cycle and regulate cell cycle progression. BRCA 1 gene can also respond to DNA damages and induce responsive mechanisms. The action of the BRCA gene on associated protein has a wide consideration in breast cancer development. Heterogeneity in breast cancer makes them a fascinating and challenging stream to diagnose and treat. Several clinical therapies are available for breast cancer treatments. Chemotherapy, endocrine therapy, radiation therapy and immunotherapy are the milestones in the cancer treatments. Ral binding protein 1 is a promising target for breast cancer treatment and the platinum-based chemotherapies are the other remarkable fields. In immunotherapy, the usage of anti-programmed death (PD)-1 antibody is a new class of cancer immunotherapy that hinders immune effecter inhibition and potentially expanding preexisting anticancer immune responses. Breast cancer genetics and treatment strategies are crucial in escalating survival rates.

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Nithish Shekar, Pooja Mallya, D V Gowda, and Vikas Jain. "Triple-negative breast cancer: challenges and treatment options." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, no. 2 (April 18, 2020): 1977–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11i2.2127.

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TNBCs or Triple negative breast cancers are characterized by the deficiency of progesterone and estrogen receptors and also the absence down regulation of Human epithelial growth receptor type 2 (HER2). TNBCs have low prognosis rate because of heterogeneity.The heterogeneous nature of this cancer has constrained the effective progress in drug targeting among certain people.. In general HER2, PR and ER and the rate of proliferation are main predictive and prognostic factors in the detection of cancer of breast.Several pathways are involved in the progression of triple negative breast cancer from basal like cancer cells. The foremost being the loss by BRCA1-mediated pathway or mutation in the expression of several receptors.Certain groups have made some progress in unwinding TNBC's biological diversity and relating patterns of gene expression to molecular or genotypic subtypes.Earlier molecular categories of breast cancer use PAM50 via gene expression analysis to separate the breast cancer into the 4 intrinsic subtypes classified among many TNBCs in basal (BL) group and others divided between HER2 and luminal rich group. Currently, targeted therapy for TNBCs has not been approved. Nonetheless, a continuous progress has been made to detect the tumors at specific site for targeting and establish novel improved therapy.This review speaks about different approaches to TNBC treatment like cytotoxic therapy, targeted strategies, and chemotherapeutics by damage to DNA and targeting for repair of DNA and potent Nano carriers for targeting TNBC.

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Brown, Justin M., Marie-Claire D. Wasson, and Paola Marcato. "The Missing Lnc: The Potential of Targeting Triple-Negative Breast Cancer and Cancer Stem Cells by Inhibiting Long Non-Coding RNAs." Cells 9, no. 3 (March 20, 2020): 763. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells9030763.

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Treatment decisions for breast cancer are based on staging and hormone receptor expression and include chemotherapies and endocrine therapy. While effective in many cases, some breast cancers are resistant to therapy, metastasize and recur, leading to eventual death. Higher percentages of tumor-initiating cancer stem cells (CSCs) may contribute to the increased aggressiveness, chemoresistance, and worse outcomes among breast cancer. This may be particularly true in triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) which have higher percentages of CSCs and are associated with worse outcomes. In recent years, increasing numbers of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been identified as playing an important role in breast cancer progression and some of these have been specifically associated within the CSC populations of breast cancers. LncRNAs are non-protein-coding transcripts greater than 200 nucleotides which can have critical functions in gene expression regulation. The preclinical evidence regarding lncRNA antagonists for the treatment of cancer is promising and therefore, presents a potential novel approach for treating breast cancer and targeting therapy-resistant CSCs within these tumors. Herein, we summarize the lncRNAs that have been identified as functionally relevant in breast CSCs. Furthermore, our review of the literature and analysis of patient datasets has revealed that many of these breast CSC-associated lncRNAs are also enriched in TNBC. Together, this suggests that these lncRNAs may be playing a particularly important role in TNBC. Thus, certain breast cancer-promoting/CSC-associated lncRNAs could be targeted in the treatment of TNBCs and the CSCs within these tumors should be susceptible to anti-lncRNA therapy.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Breast cancer treatment][Cancer'

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