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Journal articles on the topic 'Breast implants'
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1
Lotter, Luisa, Isabel Zucal, Vanessa Brébant, et al. "Intraoperative 3D Comparison of Round and Anatomical Breast Implants: Dispelling a Myth." Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 1 (2021): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11010149.
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Background: Thanks to 3D imaging, it is possible to measure the influence of different parameters on breast augmentation. In this study, we compare the effect of different shapes and sizes of breast implants on the topography of the resulting breast. Furthermore, the impact of different breast implants on inter-landmark distances and on changes of the nipple position was assessed. Methods: This interventional prospective study was carried out on 10 female patients after collecting informed consent. 3D scans of the native and augmented breasts were performed intraoperatively with small, medium, and large sizes of both anatomical and round implants, resulting in a total of n = 130 single breast scans. These scans were analyzed for topographic shift quantification, nipple migration, and inter-landmark distances of the breast. Results: Implant size, but not implant shape leads to significant topographic shifts of the breast (p < 0.001 and p = 0.900, respectively). Both round and anatomical implants lead to a significantly higher volumetric increase in the upper quadrants compared to the lower quadrants (p < 0.001). Nipple migration into the superomedial quadrant was seen in about 90% of augmentations. No evident differences in inter-landmark distances were observed when round and anatomical implants of different sizes were compared. Conclusions: Implant size rather than shape influences the postoperative aesthetic results. No significant difference in topographic shift was found comparing round and anatomical implants, suggesting that both implant shapes result in comparable aesthetic outcomes.
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Magno-Padron, David A., Jessica Luo, Terry C. Jessop, et al. "A population-based study of breast implant illness." Archives of Plastic Surgery 48, no. 4 (2021): 353–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5999/aps.2020.02117.
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Background Despite evidence supporting the safety of breast implants, some women associate their implants with adverse health effects and have called this syndrome “breast implant illness.” We sought to characterize breast implant illness symptoms and to report how implant removal affects their symptoms.Methods An anonymous 20 question survey was administered to the Facebook group: “UTAH Breast Implant Illness” to characterize the symptoms these women attributed to their breast implants. Several questions allowed us to evaluate how implant removal affected women’s symptoms.Results Of the 182 respondents, 97% report that implants negatively affect their health and 95% identify these symptoms with breast implant illness. Ninety-six percent of respondents had implants placed for cosmetic reasons and 51% had silicone implants. The most common symptoms associated with breast implant illness are brain fog (95%), fatigue (92%), joint pain (80%), and hair loss (74%). Sixty percent of respondents learned about breast implant illness from family/friends and/or social media platforms (56%), 40% of respondents had their implants removed, and 97% report relief of their symptoms post-removal (23% complete, 74% partial). Following explantation, there was a significant improvement in all but one reported symptom. An association was found between the number of symptoms reported prior to explantation and the number of symptoms resolving following explantation.Conclusions Breast implant illness is a syndrome characterized by fatigue, decreased focus, hair loss, and joint pain after the placement of breast implants. Nearly all patients report improvement of symptoms after implant removal. Significant efforts should be made to better understand breast implant illness and its etiology.
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Lee, Joo Hyuck, Jae Hyuk Jang, and Kyung Hee Min. "A Comparison of Smooth and Microtextured Breast Implants in Breast Augmentation: A Retrospective Study." Archives of Plastic Surgery 50, no. 02 (2023): 160–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1760405.
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Abstract Background The number of cosmetic and reconstructive surgeries that use breast implants is increasing in Korea. Recently, it has been reported that breast implant-associated anaplastic large-cell lymphoma is related to textured breast implants, and interest in classification according to the texture of breast implants is increasing. However, there is currently no clear and unified classification. In particular, the definition of “microtextured” is highly varied. In this study, we retrospectively investigated and analyzed the clinical outcomes of smooth and microtextured breast implants. Methods A retrospective chart review of all patients who underwent breast augmentation surgery with smooth and microtextured silicone gel implants between January 2016 and July 2020 was performed. We retrospectively analyzed implant manufacturer, age, body mass index (BMI), smoking status, incision location, implant size, follow-up period, complications, and reoperation rate. Results A total of 266 patients underwent breast augmentation surgery, of which 181 used smooth silicone gel implants and 85 used microtextured silicone gel implants. Age, BMI, smoking status, implant size, and follow-up period were not significantly different between the two groups. Similarly, complications and reoperation rates were not significantly different between the two groups. Conclusion It is important to provide information regarding the clinical risks and benefits of breast implants to surgeons and patients through a clear and unified classification according to the texture of the breast implant.
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Varela-Chinchilla, Carlos Daniel, Gabriel Salinas-McQuary, Nancy de los Ángeles Segura-Azuara, and Plinio A. Trinidad-Calderón. "Breast Implant Illness: Surgical, Autoimmune, and Breast Reconstruction Associations." Surgeries 3, no. 2 (2022): 111–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/surgeries3020013.
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Breast implant illness refers to a combination of different symptoms related to breast implant surgery, including fatigue, brain fog, and arthralgias. This malaise occurs after cosmetic and reconstructive breast surgeries, although it has not been proven to be a disease. Even recent studies have reported concluding statements of the etiology, diagnosis, and treatment as unclear and widely unknown. Therefore, this review aimed to determine the associations between the manifestations of breast implant illness in surgery and breast reconstruction, as well as the autoimmune responses involved. Complications associated with breast implants include breast pain, capsular contracture, infections, as well as other manifestations specific to breast reconstruction. Moreover, patients with implants may present with new-onset systemic sclerosis, Sjögren’s syndrome, and connective tissue diseases. However, the incidence of capsular contracture has steadily decreased with each generation of implants, particularly since the development of textured implants, as well as with the use of antibiotics and antiseptic pocket irrigation. However, the incidence of anaplastic large cell lymphoma has increased with the use of textured implants. Remarkably, the autoimmune response to these implants remains unclear. Therefore, close follow-up, careful observation of any symptom presentation, and evidence-based treatment decisions are necessary for patients with breast implants.
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Lieffering, Annemiek S., Juliëtte E. Hommes, Lotte Ramerman, et al. "Prevalence of Local Postoperative Complications and Breast Implant Illness in Women With Breast Implants." JAMA Network Open 5, no. 10 (2022): e2236519. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.36519.
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ImportanceIt is unknown how often breast implant illness (BII) is the indication for revision in women with silicone breast implants.ObjectiveTo examine how often women with silicone breast implants have their implants explanted or replaced because of BII compared with local postoperative complications.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsA legacy cohort study on breast implant revision surgery was conducted between April 1, 2015, and December 31, 2020, and a prospective cohort study on breast implantation and revision surgery was conducted between April 1, 2015, and December 31, 2019 (with follow-up until December 31, 2020). Data were obtained from the Dutch Breast Implant Registry. Data analysis was performed from September 2021 to August 2022.ExposuresSilicone breast implant.Main Outcomes and MeasuresBreast implant revision with the indication BII or local postoperative complications.ResultsAll 12 882 cosmetic breast implants (6667 women; mean [SD] age, 50.6 [12.7] years) and 2945 reconstructive breast implants (2139 women, mean [SD] age, 57.9 [11.3] years) in the legacy cohort and all 47 564 cosmetic breast implants (24 120 women, mean [SD] age, 32.3 [9.7] years) and 5928 reconstructive breast implants (4688 women, mean [SD] age, 50.9 [11.5] years) in the prospective cohort were included for analysis. In the prospective cohort, 739 cosmetic breast implants (1.6%) were revised after a median (IQR) time to reoperation of 1.8 (0.9-3.1) years, and 697 reconstructive breast implants (11.8%) were revised after a median (IQR) time to reoperation of 1.1 (0.5-1.9) years. BII was registered as the reason for revision in 35 cosmetic revisions (4.7%) and 5 reconstructive revisions (0.7%) in the prospective cohort, corresponding to 0.1% of the inserted implants. In the legacy cohort, 536 cosmetic revisions (4.2%) and 80 reconstructive breast implant revisions (2.7%) were performed because of BII.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study of women with silicone breast implants, BII was an uncommon indication for revision compared with local complications, both in the short and long term. In contrast to the increasing public interest in BII, these results showed that local complications are a far more common reason for breast implant revision.
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Mude, Madhusudana Naik. "Breast implant rupture: removal and re-implantation: a dual case report." International Surgery Journal 12, no. 2 (2025): 218–21. https://doi.org/10.18203/2349-2902.isj20250150.
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Breast implant surgery is now among the top five plastic surgeries done for cosmetic purpose globally. Silicone implants are the most common type of implants used whereas saline implants are used by very few. In the long run, rupture of the breast implant is a complication of these kind of surgeries. As per one study, over a period of 3-20 years, the silicone implants are likely to rupture. After three years of the breast implant surgery, it has been estimated that the survival rate for the silicone breast implants is around 83-85%. Some implant ruptures are silent or asymptomatic. Early diagnosis by routine ultrasonography is essential to manage the ruptures early. There is very less amount of information available related to breast implant rupture. Here, we present a dual case report related to breast implant rupture one saline and one silicone.
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Flores, Tonatiuh, Celina Kerschbaumer, Christina Glisic, Michael Weber, Klaus F. Schrögendorfer, and Konstantin D. Bergmeister. "Breast Implants: Low Rate of Annual Check-Ups Results in Delayed Presentation of Ruptured Implants." Journal of Clinical Medicine 13, no. 21 (2024): 6545. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm13216545.
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Background: Breast-implant-based reconstruction is one of the most performed procedures in plastic surgery. Despite the high durability of breast implants, various complications are accompanied with prolonged inlay duration, particularly implant rupture. Many aftereffects can be associated with implant rupture, especially siliconoma and BIA-ALCL. Without regular implant check-ups, implant-related issues may remain underrecognized. Here, we analyzed the number of breast implant carriers needing revisions and if patients adhered to annual implant follow-up recommendations. Methods: We reviewed 1128 breast procedures at the department of plastic surgery at the University Clinic of St. Poelten between August 1st 2018 and December 31st 2023. Patients were analyzed to see whether regular check-ups of their breast implants were performed. Additionally, implant-related complications were investigated, as well as if they were noticed by implant carriers. Results: Only 15.46% of breasts implants were regularly checked at least once a year in our cohort. The remaining 84.54% of patients consulted our department due to pain or aesthetic discomfort without periodical follow-ups. Most implant ruptures (73.8%) were diagnosed in patients consulting acutely due to pain or capsular contraction after an average of 17.36 ± 10.57 years. Routine examination uncovered 26.2% of silent implant ruptures without patients yet complaining of clinical symptoms as early as 15.44 ± 11.17 years. Conclusions: Most implant ruptures develop clinical symptoms as an indicator that removal is warranted. However, only regular follow-ups can identify implant complications several years earlier and possibly reduce severe sequalae such as BIA-ALCL. This highlights the significance and necessity of annual breast implant controls by surgeons and radiologic imaging to prevent devastating implant-associated aftereffects.
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Brandon, Harold J., Larry S. Nichter, and Dwight D. Back. "New Evaluation Procedure for Multi-Dimensional Mechanical Strains and Tangent Moduli of Breast Implants: IDEAL IMPLANT® Structured Breast Implant Compared to Silicone Gel Implants." Bioengineering 6, no. 2 (2019): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering6020043.
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The IDEAL IMPLANT® Structured Breast Implant is a dual lumen saline-filled implant with capsular contracture and deflation/rupture rates much lower than single-lumen silicone gel-filled implants. To better understand the implant’s mechanical properties and to provide a potential explanation for these eight-year clinical results, a novel approach to compressive load testing was employed. Multi-dimensional strains and tangent moduli, metrics describing the shape stability of the total implant, were derived from the experimental load and platen spacing data. The IDEAL IMPLANT was found to have projection, diametric, and areal strains that were generally less than silicone gel implants, and tangent moduli that were generally greater than silicone gel implants. Despite having a relatively inviscid saline fill, the IDEAL IMPLANT was found to be more shape stable compared to gel implants, which implies potentially less interaction with the capsule wall when the implant is subjected to compressive loads. Under compressive loads, the shape stability of a higher cross-link density, cohesive gel implant was unexpectedly found to be similar to or the same as a gel implant. In localized diametric compression testing, the IDEAL IMPLANT was found to have a palpability similar to a gel implant, but softer than a cohesive gel implant.
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Jovic, Marko, Ivan Radosavljevic, Jovan Mihaljevic, Jelena Jeremic, and Milan Jovanovic. "Breast implant rupture 37 years after breast augmentation." Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo, no. 00 (2021): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sarh210401069j.
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Introduction Silicone implants have been used ever since the second half of the 20th century. Over that period several generations of implants have been developed that differed in thickness of the shell and viscosity of the silicone gel. Development of these generations of implants was accompanied with different complication rates. The first-generation implants had the lowest tendency to rupture, but were more prone to capsular contracture and calcification formation. Case outline An 81-year-old female patient had her silicone implants placed in 1983. After a chest injury in 2015. on the lateral aspect of the left breast a tumefaction becomes palpable and she complains of pain. She denies any subjective problems before the injury. After pertinent diagnostic procedures and clinical examination, silicone implant rupture was suspected. Surgical findings confirmed ruptures of both implants so that they were extracted, capsulectomy was performed and the surrounding tissue imbibed with silicone removed. Samples were sent for histopathological examination. Conclusion Implant rupture is one of late complications of breast augmentation. The incidence of ruptures has changed with development of newer generations of silicone implants. We believe that our patient had the first-generation silicone implants, knowing the time from their placement to the occurrence of symptoms and macroscopic appearance of the shell after extraction. The fact is that these implants have proved to be very durable, but regardless of the lack of symptoms, current guidelines recommend regular screening for rupture, while possible preventive extraction, particularly in case of so old implants should be considered.
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Francisco, Javier De la Rosa Burciaga, Adrián Salas Rivas Héctor, Gandhi García Preza Luis, Fabián Vidales Cervantes Axel, and David Nava Gómez Luis. "Breast Implant Rupture: Causes, Diagnosis and Treatment." International Journal Of Medical Science And Clinical Research Studies 03, no. 05 (2023): 857–60. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7907003.
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Breast implant rupture is a rare event that can occur at any time after breast augmentation surgery. The most common causes of rupture are natural aging of the implant, traumatic injury, and failure of the implant material. Symptoms of breast implant rupture can range from mild discomfort to total loss of breast shape and size. Diagnosing a ruptured breast implant can be challenging, as the condition can be asymptomatic in some cases. However, imaging tests such as MRI and ultrasound can help detect the presence of ruptured implants. Treatment options for ruptured breast implants vary depending on the type of implant, the duration of rupture and the presence of symptoms. In general, treatment involves surgical removal of the ruptured implant and replacement with a new one or complete removal of the implant and surrounding silicone material. Regular checkups with a board-certified plastic surgeon and being aware of any changes in the shape or feel of the breasts are crucial for early detection and treatment of breast implant rupture. Women considering breast augmentation surgery should carefully weigh the potential risks and benefits of the procedure before undergoing surgery. Breast implant rupture is a rare but important complication that requires prompt diagnosis and treatment to avoid potential complications. Understanding the causes, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment options for breast implant rupture can help women make informed decisions about breast augmentation surgery and maintain the health of their breasts.
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Kim, Yang-Hee, Dong-Wook Park, Keun-Yeong Song, Hyung-Guhn Lim, Jeong-Pil Jeong, and Jae-Hong Kim. "Use of High-Resolution Ultrasound in Characterizing the Surface Topography of a Breast Implant." Medicina 59, no. 6 (2023): 1092. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina59061092.
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Background and Objectives: With the emergence of breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL), it has become necessary to identify the implant shell type patients have received. Therefore, an immediate, reliable method for identifying a breast implant shell type is essential. Evidence-based research and applying a real-world technique that identifies the surface topographic information of the inserted breast implants, without surgery, has become of paramount importance for breast implant physicians. Methods and Materials: A review of the medical records of 1901 patients who received 3802 breast implants and subsequently received an ultrasound-assisted examination was performed. All patients received not only a breast cancer examination but also a high-resolution ultrasonography (HRUS) assisted examination of the device at a single center between 31 August 2017 and 31 December 2022. Results: Most patients had breast implants within 10 years (77.7%) of the examination. Of the 3802 implants screened, 2034 (53.5%) were identified with macro-textured shell topography in ultrasonography. A macrotextured shell type implant was used in 53.5% of cases and a smooth type in 42.7% of cases. Seventy-three (1.9%) breast implant shell types could not be identified due to ruptures. However, 250 breast implant shell types could be identified despite rupture cases (6.5%). Conclusions: HRUS was found to be a useful and reliable image modality for identifying various surface shell types of breast implants. The shell type information would be helpful to patients who lack information about their breast implants and are concerned about BIA-ALCL.
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Peters, Walter. "The Evolution of Breast Implants." Canadian Journal of Plastic Surgery 10, no. 5 (2002): 223–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/229255030201000508.
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The present review traces the evolution of breast implants over the past 50 years. During the early years (from 1951 to 1962), a number of different sponges were used for breast augmentation. The first of these was Ivalon, a polyvinyl alcohol sponge. Other sponges were introduced subsequently, including Etheron (a poly-ether sponge popularized by Dr Paule Regnault in Montreal) and Polystan (fabric tapes that were wound into a ball). Subsequently, polyethylene strips enclosed in a fabric or polyethylene casing were also used for breast augmentation. All of these materials had similar outcomes. Although the initial results were encouraging, within one year of augmentation, breasts became very firm and lost over 25% of their volume. This was due to capsular contracture, a process that would lead to the collapse of the sponge and would continue to plague plastic surgeons and their patients for the next 50 years. In 1963, Cronin and Gerow introduced the silicone gel ‘natural feel’ implant, which revolutionized breast augmentation surgery. Approximately 10 companies have manufactured many types of silicone gel breast implants over the years. They obtained their raw materials for gels and shells from a similar number of other companies that entered and left the market at intervals. Many of the suppliers and manufactures changed their names and ownership over the years, and most of the companies no longer exist. No formal process of United States Food and Drug Administration premarket testing was in effect until 1988. There have been three generations of gel implants and a number of other lesser variations. First-generation implants (1963 to 1972) had a thick gel and a thick wall. They have generally remained intact over the years. Second-generation implants (1973 to the mid-1980s) had a thin gel and a thin wall. They have tended to disrupt over time. Third-generation implants (mid-1980s to 1992) had a thick wall and a thick gel. Except for those made by Surgitek, these implants remain intact. The breast implant business was competitive and companies introduced changes such as softer gels; barrier low-bleed shells; greater or lesser shell thickness; surface texturing; different sizes, contours and shapes; and multiple lumens in search of better aesthetics. Ultimately, more than 240 styles and 8300 models of silicone gel breast implants were manufactured in the United States alone. Inflatable breast implants were introduced in Toulons, France in 1965 (the Simaplast implant). There have been three main eras of inflatable implants: seamed, high-temperature vulcanized and room temperature vulcanized implants. In 1973, spontaneous deflation rates of 76% to 88% over three years were reported for many types of inflatable implants. Because of this, most plastic surgeons abandoned their use. From 1963 until the moratorium on gel implants (January 6, 1992), about 95% of all breast implants inserted were silicone gel filled. Only 5% were saline filled. Since the moratorium, this ratio has been reversed and 95% of all implants have been saline-filled, with only 5% being gel filled. Polyurethane-coated (PU) silicone gel implants were introduced in 1968. Over the next 20 years, they were shown to reduce the prevalence of capsular contracture to 2% to 3%. Other forms of surface texturing (Biocell, Siltex, multistructured implant) also appear to reduce capsular contracture with gel implants, but the reduction has been much less dramatic than that seen with PU implants. Contoured (anatomical) shaping appears to have advantages in some patients with gel implants. No such advantage has been seen for texturing or shaping with saline-filled implants. The story of gel implants has culminated in the largest class action lawsuit in medical history, with US$4.2 billion being awarded to women with silicone gel implants. During the past decade, there has been a tremendous amount of research on the reaction of a woman's body to gel implants. A plethora of studies have demonstrated that silicone gel implants are not associated with the development of any medical diseases. Silicone gel-filled implants have therefore been approved for use under Health Canada's Special Access Program. Silicone gel-filled implants may now be used in certain patients in whom they would provide advantages over saline implants. Silicone gel implants have not been approved for unrestricted general use. The evolution of breast implants occupies the past half century. It has been a stormy course, with many exciting advances and many bitter disappointments. The universe of breast implants is large and the variation among the implants is substantial. The purpose of the present review is to trace the evolution of breast implants over the past 50 years.
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Wood, Dallas, Peyton N. Williams, Jessica E. Thompson, et al. "A Threshold Technique Study to Understand Patient Preference for Smooth Versus Textured Breast Implants." Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery - Global Open 13, no. 1 (2025): e6362. https://doi.org/10.1097/gox.0000000000006362.
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Background: Breast implant surfaces are categorized as smooth or textured. Compared with smooth implants, textured surface implants have a higher risk of breast implant–associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL) but may have a lower risk of capsular contracture (CC). This study aimed to quantify whether survey respondents would be willing to accept a higher risk of BIA-ALCL in exchange for the potential reported benefits of textured breast implants. Methods: We fielded a threshold technique survey to 405 respondents from 4 cohorts: (1) patients with breast cancer who were considering but did not receive reconstruction with implants, (2) patients with breast cancer who had received reconstruction with implants, (3) persons considering breast augmentation with implants, and (4) patients who had received breast augmentation with implants. Results: The average maximum increase in the risk of BIA-ALCL that the survey respondents were willing to accept in exchange for textured implants—with both a teardrop-shaped option and a 10% reduction in the risk of CC—were as follows: 0.83% for patients who were considering breast reconstruction, 0.61% for patients who had received breast reconstruction, 0.85% for persons considering breast augmentation, and 0.60% for patients who had received breast augmentation. Conclusions: We found respondents generally were willing to accept the higher risk of BIA-ALCL associated with textured implants to gain the potential benefit of reduced risk of CC and the option of the teardrop-shaped implant. Patient perspectives and preferences are integral, and continued assessment of patient perspectives can help inform regulatory and care paradigms.
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Cala Uribe, Laura C., Mauricio Perez Pachon, Andres Villate Hernandez, and Andreina Zannin Ferrero. "Kite Mastopexy: Small Scar and Tissue-conserving Technique." Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery - Global Open 11, no. 9 (2023): e5265. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/gox.0000000000005265.
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Background: Breasts are considered one of the most physically and sexually appealing features of the female body. Reduction/augmentation techniques have greatly evolved in the last decades. We are reporting our experience with an innovative technique for mastopexy that recovers the aesthetics of the breast and avoids over-resection of its lower pole. Methods: Inclusion criteria were women who underwent kite mastopexy with or without implants between January 2018 and May 2022 in a single center (Bogota, Colombia). Exclusion criteria were patients with American Society of Anesthesiology score more than II, with any uncontrolled chronic illness and/or medical history of diabetic mellitus, metabolic syndrome, body mass index more than 32 kg per m2, and active smokers. Results: We found 133 consecutive female patients. Age range was 18 and 67 years (median 39). Breast implants were used for the purpose of kite mastopexy in 52% cases. Patients were divided into two groups: implants (group 1) versus no implants (group 2). Procedure 1 involved mastopexy without implants; procedure 2 included current implant users who underwent either implant removal or in whom implants were not used for the sake of mastopexy. Procedures 3 and 4 included patients who underwent either new implant placement or implant exchange, respectively. Average time of surgery was 1.5 hours. Minor complications were mostly related to wound dehiscence. No major complications were reported. Conclusions: Kite mastopexy restores the breast aesthetics by following specific markings, a new plication of breast pillars, and a reduced scar. Our technique demonstrates a very low rate of complications while entailing natural and appealing results.
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Eisenberg, Ted. "One-Stage Correction of Tuberous Breast Deformity Using Saline Implants: Without the Need for Radial Scoring or Lowering the Inframammary Fold." American Journal of Cosmetic Surgery 36, no. 4 (2019): 191–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0748806819841466.
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Tuberous breasts are a congenital anomaly in which the breasts fail to develop normally. This abnormality may include hypoplasia, a tubular appearance, a higher inframammary fold (IMF), and sometimes a herniated nipple-areolar complex. Correction of tuberous breast deformity (TBD) is traditionally done with a 1-stage breast augmentation with radial scoring of the constricted breast tissue and/or the lowering of the IMF. An alternative 2-stage approach first uses a tissue expander to correct the deformity; the expander is later replaced with a permanent breast implant. Sixteen patients are presented in which a 1-stage correction of TBD was successfully accomplished with saline implants acting as tissue expanders. In all cases, the expansion remedied the deformity without the need for radial scoring of the breast tissue or lowering of the IMF. This approach has not been reported in the literature. Sixteen women (32 breasts) were treated, with TBD ranging from mild to severe. All patients had a breast augmentation with round, smooth saline implants placed through an IMF incision in the dual plane (partially subpectoral and partially submammary). Implants ranged in size from 225 cc to 675 cc. The IMF was never lowered and the breast parenchyma was never radially scored. Three patients had asymmetry requiring breast implants of different sizes, and one had a circumareolar mastopexy to repair a herniated areolar complex. Representative case examples are provided. The average follow-up time was 9 months. All deformities were corrected, and the patients expressed satisfaction with their results. There were no occurrences of hematoma, infection, capsular contracture, or malposition. This review has shown that saline breast implants alone, with their inherent expansion capability, can correct TBD without the increased morbidity associated with radial scoring and lowering the IMF. For patients who choose saline implants, this single-stage, less invasive surgical approach can provide a good aesthetic result.
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Leduey, Alexandre, Chafika Mazouni, Nicolas Leymarie, et al. "Comparison of the Explantation Rate of Poly Implant Prothèse, Allergan, and Pérouse Silicone Breast Implants within the First Four Years after Reconstructive Surgery before the Poly Implant Prothèse Alert by the French Regulatory Authority." International Journal of Breast Cancer 2015 (2015): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/519497.
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Background. In March 2010, ANSM (Agence Nationale de Sécurité du Medicament), the French Medical Regulatory Authority, withdrew Poly Implant Prothèse (PIP) breast implants from the market due to the use of non-medical-grade silicone gel. The aim of this study was to compare the removal rate (and reasons thereof) of breast implants produced by different manufacturers before the ANSM alert.Materials and Methods. From October 2006 to January 2010, 652 women received 944 implants after breast cancer surgery at the Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Center, Paris (France). The complications and removal rates of the different implant brands used (PIP, Allergan, and Pérouse) were evaluated and compared.Results. PIP implants represented 50.6% of the used implants, Allergan 33.4%, and Pérouse 16%. The main reasons for implant removal were patient dissatisfaction due to aesthetic problems (43.2%), infection (22.2%), and capsular contracture (13.6%). Two years after implantation, 82% of Pérouse implants, 79% of PIP, and 79% of Allergan were stillin situ. There was no difference in removal rate among implant brands.Conclusion. Before the ANSM alert concerning the higher rupture rate of PIP breast implants, our implant removal rate did not predict PIP implant failure related to the use of nonapproved silicone gel.
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Azahaf, Siham, Karlinde A. Spit, Christel J. M. de Blok, Peter Bult, and Prabath W. B. Nanayakkara. "Silicone Migration from Intact Saline Breast Implants." Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery - Global Open 12, no. 2 (2024): e5608. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/gox.0000000000005608.
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Summary: Breast augmentation is a widely performed surgical procedure worldwide, predominantly using silicone gel-filled implants. Concerns have primarily revolved around ruptures and the potential health risks associated with leaked silicone from silicone gel-filled implants. Cases of silicone migration from the shell of saline breast implants remain scarce. This case report introduces a unique case of a 66-year-old patient with silicone migration from intact saline breast implants. The patient presented with a range of symptoms consistent with breast implant illness. Radiological findings suggested the presence of silicone in the axillary lymph nodes, despite the integrity of the implants, thereby confirming silicone migration. Histopathological evaluation revealed a foreign body reaction and the presence of silicone in the axillary lymph nodes. Given the saline filling, the source is likely the polydimethylsiloxane shell. The rarity of documented silicone migration from intact saline breast implants, especially in patients with breast implant illness, underscores the need for more research into the health implications of leaked silicone particles from breast implants.
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Rukanskienė, Dalia, Greta Bytautaitė, Agnė Česnauskaitė, Loreta Pilipaitytė, Tautrimas Aštrauskas, and Eglė Jonaitienė. "The Value of Ultrasound in the Evaluation of the Integrity of Silicone Breast Implants." Medicina 57, no. 5 (2021): 440. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina57050440.
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Background and Objective: Breast implant surgery for cosmetic purposes is the most popular plastic surgery and it has been performed for over 100 years. Rupture of silicone gel-filled breast implants usually is asymptomatic and is one of the more dangerous complications due to free silicone migration. The aim of our study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of ultrasound (US) in the evaluation of the integrity of silicone breast implants and identify the main sign of intact and ruptured breast implants. Patients and Methods: In this retrospective study, the medical documentation of women who underwent breast implant surgery and US checkups at Tautrimas Aštrauskas Clinic in Kaunas, Lithuania, during 2015–2020 was analyzed. The patients were divided into two groups: patients with intact and ruptured breast implants. The accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) as well as the signs of implant integrity of US examination were evaluated. Results: In this study, 76 women with bilateral breast implants (n = 152) were reviewed. On a US examination, ruptured implants were found in 41.1% (n = 61) of the cases; of them, 78.7% (n = 48) of the cases had ≥2 US signs of a ruptured implant, and in all these cases, implant rupture was confirmed at surgery. Overall, one US sign of a ruptured implant was found in 21.3% (n = 13) of the cases. Of them, inhomogeneous content in all cases (n = 3) was found in the intact implant group, and an abnormal implant shell was documented more often in the ruptured implant group, not intact one (n = 9, 90% vs. n = 1, 10%). US had a diagnostic accuracy of 94.7%, sensitivity of 98.3%, specificity of 89.2%, PPV of 93.4%, and NPV of 97.1% in the evaluation of implant integrity. Conclusions: Our results show that US is a very reliable alternative in evaluating breast implant integrity and could be the investigation of choice for implant rupture, while MRI could be advocated only in inconclusive cases. Uneven implant shell was found to be the most important US sign of breast implant rupture. Based on the findings, we recommend performing US examination after breast augmentation surgery with silicone gel-filled implants annually.
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Jaeger, Marie, Charles Randquist, and Jessica Gahm. "Anatomical Breast Implant Assessment Using Ultrasound: A Case Series from the International Breast Implant Check Clinic." Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery - Global Open 11, no. 12 (2023): e5469. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/gox.0000000000005469.
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Background: Breast augmentation with anatomic implants can achieve a natural look, but over time, implant-related complications can occur. This includes a risk of potential rotation, which can cause a change in breast shape. Reported rates of rotation vary widely (0%–42%). Implant rotation is often detected by physical examination only or as a perioperative finding. Change in breast shape after augmentation requires clinical evaluation. In-office ultrasound allows for detailed assessment of implants for rotation and other complications. Methods: Women with anatomical breast implants seeking follow-up at the International Breast Implant Check Clinic in Stockholm, Sweden, from April 2020 to July 2022 were included in the study. Using a standardized protocol, subjective symptoms were recorded, and a physical examination followed by an ultrasound assessment was performed by a single board-certified plastic surgeon (M.J.) trained in implant assessment via ultrasound. Rotation was defined as an implant rotated past 30 degrees off the breast midline at 6 o’clock. Results: The study included 308 women (mean age 40.1, range 20-78) with bilateral anatomical implants. Overall, 40 women (13.0%) reported a change in breast shape; 35 had one or more implant-related complications, including five with rotation on ultrasound. Of the 308 women, 11 (3.6%) had rotations upon physical examination, and an additional 10 cases were identified using ultrasound. Conclusions: Rotation is a potential complication of anatomical breast implants. However, in this study, change in breast shape was more commonly caused by other implant-related complications. Ultrasound is a valuable tool in evaluating causes of change in breast shape.
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Peters, Walter. "Current Status of Breast Implant Survival Properties and the Management of the Woman with Silicone Gel Breast Implants." Canadian Journal of Plastic Surgery 8, no. 2 (2000): 54–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/229255030000800201.
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The survival properties of silicone gel breast implants are dependent on their vintage (year of manufacture), duration in situ and manufacturer. A total of 527 gel implants have been explanted and analyzed in the author's laboratories. Of the 28 first-generation implants (1963 to 1972), 27 (96.4%) remained intact after 14 to 28 years in situ (mean 20.8 years). Of the 216 second-generation implants (1973 to mid-1980s) that were explanted from 1992 to 1998, 158 (73%) had disrupted. Kaplan-Meier survival curves demonstrated significantly different survival properties among second-generation manufacturers. Surgitek implants were by far the least durable. After 14 years, all second-generation Surgitek implants had disrupted. By contrast, after 20 years, about half of the Dow Corning and Heyer-Schulte implants remained intact. Among third-generation implants (mid-1980s to 1992), 43 of 46 (93.4%) remained intact after a mean of 6.3 years (range three to 12 years). The three disruptions were Surgitek implants. Implants from other manufacturers remained intact. However, the disruption frequencies of third-generation implants have yet to be measured over the relevant periods of time. Survival patterns appeared to be related to the thickness of the elastomeric shell of the three generations of implants. Mechanical strength analyses of the elastomeric shells of explants have exhibited little or no large scale material degradation, even after as long as 28 years in situ. The mechanism of implant disruption likely involves the ‘fold flaw’ theory, whereby an internal abrasion can develop over time at the site of a fold in the implant wall. Diagnosis of disruption is difficult. Mammography is helpful only if there has been extravasation of silicone gel into breast tissue. Extravasation was observed in only 4.2% of second-generation implants removed from 1992 to 1998. It was not seen with first- or third-generation implants. Ultrasound analyses are not generally helpful to predict disruption because they are very operator dependent and because capsular contracture causes folds in the implant wall, which result in false positives. Magnetic resonance imaging is the most accurate imaging modality to detect implant disruption. However, this technology is not indicated for monitoring implant status because it is too costly and time consuming, and because it has significant limitations, particularly with first-generation and textured implants. Careful explantation and direct visual examination are the standards for diagnosing gel implant disruption. Many implant disruptions are likely ‘silent’, with no specific symptoms or clinical findings. After disruption, none of the following are elevated above the levels seen in control women without implant exposure: serum autoantibodies, blood and serum silicon, and the incidence of breast cancer, autoimmune disease or any other medical disease. There is no evidence to support the existence of any ‘novel’ or ‘atypical’ syndrome associated with gel implants. Women over 30 years of age with breast implants require regular monitoring for breast cancer detection. This should include monthly breast self examination and annual clinical breast examination. In addition, women over 50 years old require annual eight-view mammographic assessment using the implant displacement technique. Even then, breast implants have been shown to interfere with complete imaging, particularly if the implants are subglandular, large or associated with significant capsular contracture. A logical approach to explantation should involve consideration of a patient's personal concerns and anxiety, her implant vintage, the plane of insertion of her implants, her current clinical status and whether she chooses to replace her gel implants. Women requesting explantation require extensive information before deciding on surgery. At explantation, capsulectomy seems to be indicated if there is capsular calcification or major capsular thickening. (Pour le résumé, voir page suivante)
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Nichter, Larry S., Robert A. Hardesty, and Gregg M. Anigian. "IDEAL IMPLANT Structured Breast Implants." Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 142, no. 1 (2018): 66–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/prs.0000000000004460.
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Nam, Sun-Young, Han Bi Ji, Byung Ho Shin, et al. "Silicone Breast Implant Coated with Triamcinolone Inhibited Breast-Implant-Induced Fibrosis in a Porcine Model." Materials 14, no. 14 (2021): 3917. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14143917.
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Cosmetic silicone implants for breast reconstruction often lead to medical complications, such as abnormally excessive fibrosis driven by foreign body granulomatous inflammation. The purpose of this study was to develop a silicone breast implant capable of local and controlled release of a glucocorticoid drug triamcinolone acetonide (TA) for the prevention of silicone-breast-implant-induced fibrosis in a Yorkshire pig model (in vivo). Implants were dip-coated in a TA solution to load 1.85 μg/cm2 of TA in the implant shell, which could release the drug in a sustained manner for over 50 days. Immunohistochemical analysis for 12 weeks showed a decline in tumor necrosis factor-α expression, capsule thickness, and collagen density by 82.2%, 55.2%, and 32.3%, respectively. Furthermore, the counts of fibroblasts, macrophages, and myofibroblasts in the TA-coated implants were drastically reduced by 57.78%, 48.8%, and 64.02%, respectively. The TA-coated implants also lowered the expression of vimentin and α-smooth muscle actin proteins, the major profibrotic fibroblast and myofibroblast markers, respectively. Our findings suggest that TA-coated silicone breast implants can be a promising strategy for safely preventing fibrosis around the implants.
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Sharobaro, V. I., G. E. Karepetyan, O. A. Kononets, D. K. Rozova, and S. A. Burdin. "Correction of problems associated with breast implants." Plastic Surgery and Aesthetic Medicine, no. 1 (March 5, 2025): 116. https://doi.org/10.17116/plast.hirurgia2025011116.
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Objective. To review available data on complications associated with silicone breast implants, as well as methods of their prevention and correction. Material and methods. The PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, Cochrane, eLibrary databases were reviewed. The following keywords were used: “complications of breast enlargement”, “capsular contracture”, “double bubble breast deformity”, “waterfall breast deformity”, “implant rippling”, “breast implant palpability”, “implant malposition”, “symmastia”, “implant visibility”. After reading the abstracts, full-text Russian- and English-language articles published between 1990 and August 2023 were studied. Results. One should consider features of soft tissues forming the implant pocket, mammary parenchyma, characteristics of silicone implant and its distribution affecting surrounding tissues to prevent and correct appropriate complications. Conclusion. Widespread use of silicone breast implants increases the number of complications associated with these medical devices. Currently, there is no systematization of algorithms for correction of complications associated with silicone implants due to large number of different approaches to their elimination.
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Jari, Irina, Alexandru G. Naum, Liliana Gheorghe, et al. "Granuloma of Silicone Breast Implants A case report and literature review." Revista de Chimie 70, no. 3 (2019): 940–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.19.3.7035.
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Silicone, a synthetic polymer containing the element silicon, has been used for breast implants. Complications resulting from the placement of silicone breast implants are becoming more frequent in clinical practice. Breast implant rupture is common and poses challenges for radiologists and physicians. Radiologists must be familiar with the normal and abnormal findings of common implants. Clinically apparent silicone granulomas are a relatively rare complication of breast implant placement and surgical resection is indicated when they are symptomatic or of diagnostic concern. The objective of this study is to examine the latest generations of silicone breast implants and the clinical literature related to silicone granulomas together with a case of silicon granuloma diagnosed in our service. The findings are based on diagnostic breast Ultrasound and MRI scans performed at our service.
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Eveline, Kezia, Beta Subakti Nata'admadja, Rizqi Shabrina Lestari, and Lavonia Berlina Adzalika. "SYSTEMATIC REVIEW: ANAPLASTIC LARGE CELL LYMPHOMA FOLLOWING BREAST IMPLANT SURGERY." Jurnal Rekonstruksi dan Estetik 8, no. 1 (2023): 47–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jre.v8i1.31215.
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Highlights: BIA-ALCL, a T-cell lymphoma associated with breast implants, is posing a growing medical challenge due to the increasing use of implants for cosmetic and reconstructive purposes The majority of BIA-ALCL cases were associated with cosmetic reasons for breast implants, and textured implants were predominantly implicated. Abstract: Introduction: BIA-ALCL, a T-cell lymphoma associated with breast implants, poses a growing medical challenge despite its relatively low occurrence, due to the increasing use of implants for cosmetic and reconstructive purposes. Our objective is to review the incidence, characteristics of patients, implant types, management, and outcome of BIA-ALCL. Methods: Pubmed and Science Direct databases were searched to identify case series and observational research. A systematic review was conducted by looking up the keywords “breast implant” and “anaplastic large cell lymphoma”. Result: 11 relevant articles were assessed. A total of 353 BIA-ALCL cases have been reported. The mean age at diagnosis was 59.6 years. More than half (53.26%) of the reasons for the breast implants in BIA-ALCL patients were cosmetic. The mean time from breast implant placement to diagnosis was 9.99 years. The majority (71.39%) of documented BIA-ALCL cases have been associated with textured devices. BIA-ALCL patients mainly presented with seroma (54.67%). Outcomes included remission (71%), death because of the disease (4.25%), and recurrence (3.96%) with a mean time of duration of follow-up was 2.53 years. Conclusion: BIA-ALCL is rare cancer in some patients with breast implants but is increasing in incidence largely due to consistent and long-term follow-up. It is important for physicians involved in the care of patients with breast implants to be aware of BIA-ALCL and do routine breast exams.
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Peters, Walter. "Current status of silicone gel breast implants." Canadian Journal of Plastic Surgery 2, no. 1 (1994): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/229255039400200103.
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There are currently three main areas of concern regarding the safety of silicone gel implants: implant failure; a potential link to autoimmune connective tissue disease; and a possible link to breast cancer. All silicone gel implants ‘bleed’ small levels of silicone. In addition, silicone gel implants appear to fail (leak or rupture) with time. Most implants in place for less than seven years appear to be intact. It appears that many silicone gel implants implanted for over seven years are probably ruptured or leaking. Implant failure may occur simply from deterioration. Implants can also rupture following closed capsulotomy. Mammography and ultrasound studies are generally not helpful in predicting implant failure. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies appear to be useful, but the ‘breast coil’ necessary to perform these studies is not currently available in most MRI units in Canada. The significance of implant failure is not known. There is a growing (but unproven) concern that immunological sensitization to silicone could develop in women with silicone gel implants. An extensive review of all clinical and immunological studies in the current literature has failed to demonstrate any conclusive link between silicone gel implants (whether intact or nonintact) and the development of autoimmune connective tissue disease or other disease process. However, large scale epidemiological studies remain to be done. Several large studies have proven that there is no relationship between silicone gel implants and the development of breast cancer.
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Khan, Umar D. "Relative Distribution of Common Breast and Chest Asymmetries in 2051 Primary Augmentation Mammoplasties in Nonptotic Subgroup of Patients." Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery - Global Open 12, no. 8 (2024): e6016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/gox.0000000000006016.
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Background: Breast and chest asymmetries are extremely common, and primary augmentation mammoplasty can be challenging in these cases. However, there is a paucity of information on the relative distribution of these asymmetries and the implant sizes used in these patients. Methods: A retrospective chart review of all consecutive cases of primary augmentation mammoplasty performed by a single surgeon from May 1999 to May 2012 was conducted. Patients with chest and breast asymmetries were noted by clinical examination and observation. These patients were selected to review how many patients had similar or different-sized implants. Patients presenting with unilateral or bilateral ptosis and requiring mastopexy were excluded. Results: A total of 2051 patients underwent primary augmentation mammoplasty. Uneven chest wall or uneven ribs were noted in 274 patients (right more prominent 72, left more prominent 202). Of these, 169 patients had implants of the same size, and 37 patients had implants of different sizes. Similarly, 1008 patients presented with uneven breasts, and of these, 272 patients had different-sized implants. One patient needed revision surgery for implant size and breast volume readjustment. Conclusions: Chest and breast asymmetries are extremely common. Routine clinical examination is more than adequate to delineate such asymmetries. The majority of these patients have small differences, and not all patients with asymmetries require implants of different sizes.
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Carmona-Torre, Francisco, Leire Fernández-Ciriza, Carlos Berniz, et al. "An Experimental Murine Model to Assess Biofilm Persistence on Commercial Breast Implant Surfaces." Microorganisms 10, no. 10 (2022): 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10102004.
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Capsular contracture is the most frequently associated complication following breast implant placement. Biofilm formation on the surface of such implants could significantly influence the pathogenesis of this complication. The objective of this study was to design an experimental model of breast implant infection that allowed us to compare the in vivo S. epidermidis ability to form and perpetuate biofilms on commonly used types of breast implants (i.e., macrotexturized, microtexturized, and smooth). A biofilm forming S. epidermidis strain (ATCC 35984) was used for all experiments. Three different implant surface types were tested: McGhan BIOCELL® (i.e., macrotexturized); Mentor Siltex® (i.e., microtexturized); and Allergan Natrelle Smooth® (i.e., smooth). Two different infection scenarios were simulated. The ability to form biofilm on capsules and implants over time was evaluated by quantitative post-sonication culture of implants and capsules biopsies. This experimental model allows the generation of a subclinical staphylococcal infection associated with a breast implant placed in the subcutaneous tissue of Wistar rats. The probability of generating an infection was different according to the type of implant studied and to the time from implantation to implant removal. Infection was achieved in 88.9% of macrotextured implants (i.e., McGhan), 37.0% of microtexturized implants (i.e., Mentor), and 18.5% of smooth implants (i.e., Allergan Smooth) in the short-term (p < 0.001). Infection was achieved in 47.2% of macrotextured implants, 2.8% of microtexturized implants, and 2.8% of smooth implants (i.e., Allergan Smooth) in the long-term (p < 0.001). There was a clear positive correlation between biofilm formation on any type of implant and capsule colonization/infection. Uniformly, the capsules formed around the macro- or microtexturized implants were consistently macroscopically thicker than those formed around the smooth implants regardless of the time at which they were removed (i.e., 1–2 weeks or 3–5 weeks). We have shown that there is a difference in the ability of S epidermidis to develop in vivo biofilms on macrotextured, microtextured, and smooth implants. Smooth implants clearly thwart bacterial adherence and, consequently, biofilm formation and persistence are hindered.
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Norris, Michelle, Melissa Jones, Chris Mills, Tim Blackmore, Chris Inglefield, and Joanna Wakefield-Scurr. "The Kinematics of Breasts Implanted With a Reduced Mass Implant: A Pilot Study." Aesthetic Surgery Journal 40, no. 5 (2019): NP253—NP262. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/asj/sjz239.
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Abstract Background Breast implants may increase breast skin tension and interact with surrounding tissues to alter breast position and motion during dynamic activity. Reducing implant mass and changing implant location (submuscular/subglandular) may also affect breast kinematics and the subsequent loads on breast structures. Objectives The aim of this pilot study was to describe the kinematics of breasts augmented with reduced-mass implants during standing, walking, and running, compared with natural breasts, and to provide insight into how implant location (submuscular/subglandular) alters breast kinematics. Methods Two breast augmentation participants (12–15 months postsurgery: 32AA presurgery, anatomical submuscular 255 cc B-Lite reduced-mass implant; 32A presurgery, anatomical subglandular 285 cc B-Lite reduced-mass implant) and 2 natural-breasted participants of similar breast size and anthropometrics were recruited. Nipple and torso positional data were recorded with electromagnetic sensors during standing, walking, and running. Nipple kinematics relative to the torso were calculated. Results The B-Lite participants both displayed greater nipple projection and elevation during standing and a 50% reduction in nipple acceleration during walking, when compared with their natural counterparts. During running, the B-Lite subglandular participant displayed decreased nipple kinematics compared with her natural counterpart and lower nipple kinematics compared with the B-Lite submuscular participant during walking and running. Conclusions A combination of implant location (subglandular) and reduced mass minimized nipple kinematics during running. Reducing nipple kinematics during dynamic activity may decrease the loading on breast structures, helping to decrease ptosis and increase the longevity of procedure outcomes. Level of Evidence: 4
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Mishalov, V. G., О. І. Zakhartseva, V. V. Khrapach, and L. Yu Markulan. "SURGICAL TREATMENT OF BREAST IMPLANTS ROTATION." Medical Science of Ukraine (MSU) 13, no. 3-4 (2018): 10–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.32345/2664-4738.3-4.2017.02.
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Relevance. Using anatomical breast implants with high and ultrahigh profile in augmentation mammoplasty provides nearly natural shape of breasts. Using the drop-like shape implants instead of round ones can cause complication called breast implant rotation (BIR), that have negative influence on patients life quality. There is not enough data about the effective methods of surgical treatment of clinically significant rotation.
 Objective of our study was to determine the effectiveness of «neo pocket» upper pole inhancement with mesh for the treatment of BIR after primary submuscular breast augmentation in a postoperative period.
 Materials and methods. The study included 42 women with an average age of 29.4 ± 0.7 years (20 to 39 years) who underwent surgery for a clinically significant (more than 90o) BIR that occurred after the classical primary breast augmentation. Treatment of BIR was performed by enhancement of upper pole of neo-pocket redublication of implant capsule with prolene mesh between the capsule layers and fixation to ribs periosteum and pectoral muscules. The endpoint of the study was the frequency and degree of the prosthesis rotation one year after BIR treatment. Data analysis was performed using the IBM SPSS Statistics 22.
 Results. 13 (31,0%) of patients admitted to hospital for prothesis enlargment and BIR – 29 (69,0%). From 84 number of implants 66 (78,6%) were rotated. Two women (4,7%) had same degree of implants rotation. In all other cases BIR had different angle. Clinically significant rotation of implants was diagnosed in 4 patient: 90 ° / 90 ° two patients; 90° / 150° – one patient ; 90° / 180° – one patient. 38 (90,5%) patients had clinically significant implants rotation. In one year after primary surgery significant BIR (90%) was diagnosed in one patient, who didn’t need breast augmentation, she also had a small rotation of breast on 60о before surgery. From number of breasts, when developed procedure was performed (56), in one case significant BIR was diagnosed, in a patient with preoperative BIR 1800. Significant BIR was diagnosed in 6 (11,5 %) patients, and one patient BIR 60о (1,8 %) and five 300 (8,9%).
 Conclusion: The developed method of «neo pocket» upper pole enhancement by redublication of prothesis capsule with prolene mesh between the capsule layers and fixation to ribs periosteum and pectoral muscules helps to avoid BIR in 98,2% in one year follow up period.
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Shiffman, Melvin A. "Manufacture of Silicone Implants." American Journal of Cosmetic Surgery 13, no. 3 (1996): 191–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/074880689601300302.
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Research and development of breast implant manufacturing technology continues with the dual objectives of finding better processes for manufacturing implant shells and finding better filler solutions or gels. The Mentor HIS manufacturing process exemplifies improved techniques of implant shell production and quality control. The process is described in detail, and the Mentor HIS and McGhan processes of manufacturing breast implants are compared. Recognized shell weaknesses include thin spots, valve malfunction, rupture because of overfilling, and folding and leakage because of underfilling. All implants are inspected. Smooth implants are inspected 22 times while textured implants are inspected 23 times.
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Spit, K. A., S. Azahaf, C. J. M. de Blok, and P. W. B. Nanayakkara. "Measuring Platinum Levels in Hair in Women with Silicone Breast Implants and Systemic Symptoms." Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery - Global Open 10, no. 6 (2022): e4373. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/gox.0000000000004373.
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Background: It has been suggested that compounds present in silicone breast implants (eg, silicone particles or heavy metals such as platinum) migrate into the body and can cause systemic symptoms in susceptible women, causing what is known as breast implant illness. This pilot study investigates possible associations between hair platinum levels in patients with breast implants and breast implant illness, and evaluates its possible use for diagnostic purposes. Methods: Patients were included from the silicone outpatient clinic at Amsterdam University Medical Centre. Platinum concentration in hair samples of 10 women with breast implants and systemic symptoms (group A) was compared with that in 10 women with breast implants but no symptoms (group B), and a control group of 10 women without implants or symptoms (group C), using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Radiological imaging was used to assess implant ruptures or silicone leakage. Results: A median platinum concentration of 0.09 μg per kg [IQR 0.04–0.15] was found in group A, 0.08 μg per kg [IQR 0.04–0.12] in group B, and 0.04 μg per kg [IQR 0.02–0.13] in group C, with no statistical significant difference between the groups (Kruskal-Wallis test, P = 0.43). No correlation between radiologically proven implant leakage and platinum level was found. Conclusions: There was no statistically significant difference in hair platinum levels in women with or without silicone breast implants or breast implant illness. Therefore, based on this pilot study, we do not recommend this test for clinical use. Given the small sample size, more research is required to fully assess its possible use for diagnostic purposes.
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Pannucci, Christopher J., Chad K. Wheeler, Krista M. Cyr, and Adam J. Cyr. "Breast Implants Decrease Chest Wall Trauma in Low-speed, Unrestrained Motor Vehicle Crash: An Experimental Model." Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery - Global Open 11, no. 7 (2023): e5161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/gox.0000000000005161.
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Introduction: Breast implants improve quality of life in patients seeking improved breast aesthetics, and are known to minimize human injury in the less common scenario of penetrating trauma. People commonly sustain rib and sternum fractures and thoracic injury in motor vehicle crashes (MVC), a form of blunt traumatic injury. Whether breast implants minimize injury during MVC is unknown. This study examines the potential protective effect of breast implants in low speed, unrestrained MVC. Methods: Control (medical gel) and implant (medical gel with embedded breast implant) blocks were subjected to load approximating a low speed, 10mph MVC (n=12 blocks per group). Colormetric pressure film measured pressure at the neo-chest wall position in response to load, across the gel block base. Maximum pressure and average pressure across the gel block base were compared, by group. Results: Presence of an implant significantly decreased, by 22.8%, maximum pressure experienced by the neo-chest wall (333.0 ± 58.7 psi vs 431.6 ± 37.3 psi, p=0.0006). Average pressure experienced by the neo-chest wall across the gel block base was also significantly decreased, by 28.1%, in the implant group (53.4 ± 5.6 psi vs 74.3 ± 15.7 psi, p=0.0017). Subjective analysis of all implant and control blocks supported an overall reduction in pressure for the implant group. Conclusions: Presence of a breast implant decreased maximum pressure at the chest wall by 23%, and average pressure by 28%. Patients with breast implants involved in low speed, unrestrained MVC may be less likely to sustain rib and sternum fractures and thoracic injury, when compared to patients without implants.
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Hanna, Rami, Udi Maor, Meir Retchkiman, Basel Abu-Ganem, Julie Vaynshtein, and Eldad Silberstein. "Truth or Myth: Is Breast Implant Illness Really an Illness?" Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery - Global Open 13, no. 6 (2025): e6881. https://doi.org/10.1097/gox.0000000000006881.
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Background: Breast implant illness (BII) represents symptoms linked to silicone gel–filled breast implants. Research on BII remains limited, yielding contradictory conclusions. This study compared symptoms among healthy women with breast implants to those without breast implants. Methods: A single-blind questionnaire-based survey of asymptomatic female patients attending cancer screening was conducted at the Breast Health Center in Soroka Medical Center and at a breast surgeon’s community clinic in Beer Sheva, Israel. The study included women with breast implants (implanted group) and those without implants or any other breast procedures (naive group). The questionnaire collected social, medical, and symptom data, stratified using the Index of Symptoms’ Severity (ISS) scale. Results: Out of 181 women, 13 were excluded. The implanted group (n = 34) was compared with women without prior breast surgery, including implants (n = 134). Significant differences emerged in dry skin and sleeping problems, with higher rates in the naive group. However, overall symptom severity, measured by the ISS, showed no significant difference. Regression analysis indicated age and rheumatoid history correlated with the ISS, whereas breast implant augmentation was not a significant predictor. Conclusions: This study explored BII prevalence by comparing symptoms in women with breast implants to those without prior breast surgical interventions. Overall, symptom severity demonstrated no significant differences. Age and preexisting rheumatoid conditions may influence symptoms more than breast augmentation. The study’s cross-sectional design, small sample size, and self-reported data could limit its findings. Further research is needed to understand BII’s impact on well-being and safety.
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Lee, Won-Seob, Tae-Gon Kim, Jun-Ho Lee, and Il-Kug Kim. "Breast Reconstruction after Breast Implant-Associated Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma Treatment: A Case Report and Literature Review." Journal of Clinical Medicine 12, no. 5 (2023): 1885. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm12051885.
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Breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL) is a T-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma that occurs in patients with at least one prior textured breast implant. BIA-ALCL has a relatively good prognosis when treated promptly. However, data on the methods and timing of the reconstruction process are lacking. Herein, we report the first case of BIA-ALCL in Republic of Korea in a patient who underwent breast reconstruction using implants and an acellular dermal matrix (ADM). A 47-year-old female patient was diagnosed with BIA-ALCL stage IIA (T4N0M0) and underwent bilateral breast augmentation using textured breast implants. She then underwent removal of both breast implants, total bilateral capsulectomy, adjuvant chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. There was no evidence of recurrence at 28 months postoperatively; therefore, the patient wished to undergo breast reconstruction surgery. A smooth surface implant was used to consider the patient’s desired breast volume and body mass index. The right breast was reconstructed with a smooth surface implant and an ADM in the prepectoral plane. Breast augmentation was performed on the left breast using a smooth surface implant. The patient was satisfied with the results and recovered fully with no complications.
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Aladari, Nadia, Madalina M. Palaghia, Ana-Maria Trofin, et al. "Reducing Capsular Contracture Formation in Breast Augmentation with Silicone Implants: Experimental Study on Rats." Applied Sciences 12, no. 8 (2022): 4056. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12084056.
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Silicone implants are frequently used for breast augmentation and reconstruction. However, late complication, such as capsular contracture, remain the most important side effect. In this study we compare different methods for reducing the inflammatory reaction around the silicone implant by introducing one microtextured breast implant in wistar rats. The rats were dividing in 4 groups: the first one was the control group that received untreated implant; in the second we used silicone implants impregnated with rifampin solution, the third one had implant combined with intramuscular dexamethasone injection and the last one had silicone implant associated with autologous centrifuged fat introduced in the implant pocket. The implants and the capsular tissue surrounding were removed after eight weeks. Capsule samples were submitted to histological evaluations. The present study demonstrated that fat grafting may have a role in reducing and preventing capsular contractures after breast augmentation with silicone implants by decreasing the inflammatory process.
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Lista, Frank, Ryan E. Austin, Maryam Saheb-Al-Zamani, and Jamil Ahmad. "Does Implant Surface Texture Affect the Risk of Capsular Contracture in Subglandular Breast Augmentation and Breast Augmentation-Mastopexy?" Aesthetic Surgery Journal 40, no. 5 (2019): 499–512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/asj/sjz241.
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Abstract Background Previous studies have reported decreased rates of capsular contracture associated with the use of textured surface breast implants placed in the subglandular plane during breast augmentation. However, since the publication of these studies, our understanding of the pathophysiology of capsular contracture, as well as the surgical techniques utilized to minimize bacterial contamination of the implant, have advanced considerably. Objectives The purpose of this study was to re-evaluate the relation between implant surface texturization and capsular contracture rates for breast implants placed in the subglandular plane during primary breast augmentation. Methods Retrospective chart review was performed of all primary subglandular breast augmentation procedures involving the use of either smooth or textured round silicone gel implants, with or without simultaneous mastopexy. The primary outcome measures included clinically significant capsular contracture (Baker grade III/IV) and revision surgery for capsular contracture. Results Between 2010 and 2017, 526 patients underwent primary subglandular breast augmentation with either smooth (n = 212) or textured (n = 314) round silicone gel implants; 248 patients underwent breast augmentation, whereas 278 underwent breast augmentation-mastopexy. Average follow-up was 756 days in the textured group and 461 days in the smooth group. Five cases of capsular contracture were observed in the textured group, and 7 cases of capsular contracture were observed in the smooth group (P = 0.20). Conclusions Smooth surface implants placed in the subglandular plane were not at a significantly increased risk of capsular contracture compared with textured surface implants. We suggest that adherence to a surgical technique focused on minimizing bacterial contamination of the implant is of greater clinical significance than implant surface characteristics when discussing capsular contracture. Level of Evidence: 4
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Hecker, Andrzej, Barbara Giese, Anna-Lisa Pignet, Marlies Schellnegger, Lars-Peter Kamolz, and David Benjamin Lumenta. "Textured vs. Smooth Breast Implants Using the Jones Criteria—What Is the Currently Available Evidence for BIA-ALCL?: A Systematic Review." Journal of Personalized Medicine 13, no. 5 (2023): 816. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm13050816.
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Breast-Implant-Associated Anaplastic Large-Cell Lymphoma (BIA-ALCL) is a rare low-incidence type of T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma, arising in the capsule around breast implants, and predominantly associated with the use of macro-textured breast implants. The purpose of this study was to use an evidence-based approach to systematically identify clinical studies comparing smooth and textured breast implants in women with regard to the risk of developing BIA-ALCL. Methods: A literature search in PubMed in April 2023 and the article reference list of the French National Agency of Medicine and Health Products decision from 2019 were screened for applicable studies. Only clinical studies where the Jones surface classification could be applied (required information: breast implant manufacturer) for comparison of smooth and textured breast implants were considered. Results: From a total of 224 studies, no articles were included due to the lack of fit to the strict inclusion criteria. Conclusions: Based on the scanned and included literature, implant surface types in relation to the incidence of BIA-ALCL were not evaluated in clinical studies and data from evidence-based clinical sources plays a minor to no role in this context. An international database that combines breast implant-related data from (national, opt-out) medical device registries is, therefore, the best available option to obtain relevant long-term breast implant surveillance data on BIA-ALCL.
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Suh, Lily J., Imran Khan, Christine Kelley-Patteson, Ganesh Mohan, Aladdin H. Hassanein, and Mithun Sinha. "Breast Implant-Associated Immunological Disorders." Journal of Immunology Research 2022 (May 4, 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8536149.
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Background. Breast implants are commonly placed postbreast cancer reconstruction, cosmetic augmentation, and gender-affirming surgery. Breast implant illness (BII) is a systemic complication associated with breast implants. Patients with BII may experience autoimmune symptoms including fatigue, difficulty concentrating, hair loss, weight change, and depression. BII is poorly understood, and the etiology is unknown. The purpose of this literature review is to characterize BII autoimmune disorders and determine possible causes for its etiology. Methods. The PubMed, Google Scholar, Embase, Web of Science, and OVID databases were interrogated from 2010 to 2020 using a query strategy including search term combinations of “implants,” “breast implant illness,” “autoimmune,” and “systemic illness.” Results. BII includes a spectrum of autoimmune symptoms such as fatigue, myalgias/arthralgias, dry eyes/mouth, and rash. A review of epidemiological studies in the past ten years exhibited evidence affirming an association between breast implants and autoimmune diseases. The most commonly recognized were Sjogren’s syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic sclerosis, chronic fatigue syndrome, and Raynaud’s syndrome. Explantation resulted in alleviation of symptoms in over 50% of patients, strengthening the hypothesis linking breast implants to BII. Studies have shown that silicone is a biologically inert material and unlikely to be the cause of these symptoms. This is supported by the fact that increased risk of autoimmune disease was also reported in patients with other implantable biomaterials such as orthopedic implants. Recent studies shed light on a possible role of bacterial biofilm and subsequent host-pathogen interactions as a confounding factor to this problem. Conclusion. BII could be dependent on biofilm infection and the microenvironment around the implants. The true pathophysiology behind these complaints must be further investigated so that alternative treatment regimens other than explantation can be developed. Translational significance of these studies is not limited to breast implants but extends to other implants as well.
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Robinson, Kristin A., Richard J. Gray, Aneri Tanna, et al. "Patient-Awareness Survey: Do Breast Implants Affect the Acquisition and Accuracy of Screening Mammography?" Journal of Breast Imaging 1, no. 4 (2019): 297–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jbi/wbz062.
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Abstract Objective Breast implant augmentation is the most common cosmetic surgical procedure performed in the United States. The purpose of this study was to determine if patients with breast augmentation surgery are aware of the effect of breast implants on the mammographic detection of cancer. Methods An institutional review board exempt patient awareness survey was distributed at a single breast imaging facility to women undergoing screening mammography. Comparative statistical analyses were performed between patients with and without breast implants. Results The respondents were divided into three groups: no prior breast surgery (74%; 524/711), breast surgery with implants (21%; 152/711), and breast surgery without implants (5%; 35/711). Patients with breast implants were more aware that implants decrease the amount of breast tissue seen on a mammogram (75%; 105/141) and that implants result in the need for more mammogram views (70%; 103/147), as compared with patients with no surgery (46%; 221/484 and 31%; 147/478, respectively) (P &lt; 0.001). More women with breast implants reported learning from breast imaging staff rather than from their surgeon that implants decrease the amount of breast tissue seen on a mammogram (46%; 49/106 vs. 38%; 40/106). Of 137 respondents, 35% (n = 48) reported that the effect of implants on their mammogram was discussed preoperatively. Of those who did not recall a preoperative discussion, 42% (16/38) indicated this knowledge would have factored into their decision to get breast implants. Conclusion This study highlights an opportunity for providers to engage in more education and shared decision-making with patients considering breast augmentation surgery to ensure preoperative counseling includes discussion of the effect of implants on mammography.
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Abdugafforov, Sardor, V. V. Vorotnikov, R. A. Pakhomova, et al. "Abstract P5-10-11: Immediate breast reconstruction using smooth round implants: a retrospective analysis." Clinical Cancer Research 31, no. 12_Supplement (2025): P5–10–11—P5–10–11. https://doi.org/10.1158/1557-3265.sabcs24-p5-10-11.
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Abstract Background: Breast reconstruction with implants is the most common method of immediate reconstruction after mastectomy in patients with breast cancer. Currently, implants with different characteristics are used for this. The choice of implant is most often determined by the thickness of the subcutaneous fat, anatomy, physiology, the patient's wishes and the surgeon's experience with various manufacturers. This directly affects most of the studies conducted, which as a result do not reveal a significant difference between the implants. This study we compare the results of immediate breast reconstruction using smooth implants with textured and polyurethane surface. Methods: This retrospective review was performed using a database from two medical centers. The study included patients who underwent skin-sparing/nipple-sparing mastectomy with immediate breast reconstruction in the period from February 2020 to March 2024. Complications (early and late), rehabilitation period, patient satisfaction were analyzed. Early complications included hematoma, seroma, infection, skin redness, extrusion. Late complications included: capsular contracture, rippling, rotation and malposition. In all cases, lymph node dissection was performed through a separate incision, and the lymph node dissection and mastectomy zones were drained separately. The authors of the study do not use additional coverage of endoprostheses using special meshes or ADM. Results: A total of 681 breasts in 426 patients underwent one-stage reconstruction with smooth (n=401), textured (n=176), and polyurethane (n=104) implants. Early complications were much less common with smooth implants: seroma lasting 2 weeks or more 0.5% with smooth round implants, 4% and 3.5% with textured and polyurethane implants, respectively; skin hyperemia occurred only with the use of polyurethane implants (5.2%). The incidence of capsular contracture, regardless of adjuvant radiation therapy, was significantly lower with the use of smooth round implants and polyurethane implants than with the use of textured implants. There was no statistically significant difference in complication rates (hematoma, infectious complications, extrusion of the endoprosthesis) between patients with different implants. Skin rippling occurred only with the use of textured implants (8.9%), which in most cases required either lipofilling procedures or repeat surgery. Implant rotation occurred 3 times more often with textured implants (2.7%) compared to smooth implants (0.8%). However, malposition of smooth implants occurred significantly more often (7%) in the long term, compared to textured (1.7%) and polyurethane (0.8%) implants. In all cases of polyurethane reconstruction, vertical malposition was observed, with equal frequency of vertical and horizontal malposition with the placement of textured and smooth implants. Animation with the same frequency for textured and smooth implants placed under the muscle. Patients with smooth round implants were hospitalized for an average of 5±1 days, with textured implants 10±1 and with polyurethane implants 9±1 days. Conclusion: Smooth round implants have demonstrated a reduced risk of complications, capsular contracture, and accelerated rehabilitation period compared to other implants in immediate breast reconstruction. However, patients more often sought care for displacement of smooth implants, which required more repeat surgical interventions for implant replacement and pocket correction, which is likely due to the features of placement (requires a tighter muscle pocket with complete muscle coverage) and the formation of a thin capsule. The advantages of smooth round implants make them the method of choice in immediate breast reconstruction with a small thickness of subcutaneous fat. Citation Format: Sardor Abdugafforov, Vorotnikov V.V., Pakhomova R.A., Mchedlidze T.G., Gugnina A.S., Soynov A.V., Voronov M.V., Kopytich I.V., Sharavina M.V., Mukueva M.I., Tsalko S.E., Andreeva V.A., Tkachenko A.V. Immediate breast reconstruction using smooth round implants: a retrospective analysis [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium 2024; 2024 Dec 10-13; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2025;31(12 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-10-11.
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Webb, Leland H., Victoria L. Aime, Annie Do, Kenneth Mossman, and Raman C. Mahabir. "Textured Breast Implants: A Closer Look at the Surface Debris Under the Microscope." Plastic Surgery 25, no. 3 (2017): 179–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2292550317716127.
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Background: Texturing of breast implants is done to decrease the risk of associated complications. Each manufacturer utilizes unique and at times proprietary techniques to texture the surface of their implants. Little is known about the integrity of this surface structure texturing or the propensity for the surfaces to shed particulate matter. This study aimed to determine the extent of surface particulate shedding from 3 textured implants approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), which are manufactured by Allergan, Mentor, and Sientra. Methods: Control images of each of the 3 textured breast implants were obtained with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A liquid adhesive, ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer was then applied to the external shell of the implants, allowed to cool, and peeled from the surface. Images of the EVA copolymer were taken with SEM to qualitatively analyze displacement of surface particulate debris. Scanning electron microscopy imaging of the implants was repeated for qualitative comparisons with the control images. Results: The peeled copolymer of the 3 implants exhibited surface shedding. Comparison of the 3 breast implants showed the shedding to be greatest for the Allergan implant. Conclusions: This study highlights the dynamic surface material properties of the 3 FDA-approved breast implants. Shedding of particulate matter from the implant surfaces can be precipitated by moderate adhesion. Our qualitative examination of SEM findings showed more debris shed from the Allergan breast implants than from the Mentor or Sientra implants.
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Agochukwu-Nwubah, Nneamaka, Ashley Boustany, Margaret Wetzel, Jacob Maus, and Brian Rinker. "Anatomic Implants in Breast Reconstruction: A Comparison of Outcomes and Aesthetic Results Compared to Smooth Round Silicone Implants." Aesthetic Surgery Journal 39, no. 8 (2019): NP322—NP330. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/asj/sjz074.
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Abstract Background Direct comparison studies of outcomes and aesthetic satisfaction of anatomic implants compared to other implants are scarce in the literature. Objectives The objective of this study was to compare outcomes and aesthetic satisfaction of patients who underwent breast reconstruction with anatomic implants vs other implants (smooth round silicone). Methods A retrospective chart review was performed of patients who underwent implant-based breast reconstruction over 3 years. Outcomes including complications, number of surgeries, need for revisions, and aesthetic satisfaction of patients were tracked and compared. Results A total of 156 patients met inclusion criteria for this study. A total of 123 underwent reconstruction with a round implant, and 33 underwent reconstruction with an anatomic implant. Of the 156 patients, 38 underwent a 1-stage direct-to-implant reconstruction and the remainder underwent a 2-stage implant reconstruction. The round and anatomic implant groups did not differ with regards to number of surgeries, revisions, utilization of contralateral symmetry procedures, implant-related reoperations, complications, implant loss, infection, capsular contracture, and seroma. The Breast Q survey had a response rate of 27%. On all parameters, the round and anatomic implant groups did not significantly differ. Conclusions There were no significant differences among round and shaped implants in regards to complications, revision surgeries, and overall outcomes. Furthermore, patients showed no differences regarding satisfaction and well-being when surveyed on the Breast Q survey. The decision of implant choice in breast reconstruction should be based on surgeon comfort and the patient’s needs/body type. Level of Evidence: 4
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Mesa, Felipe, Sebastian Cataño, and Oscar Tuberquia. "Study of Infections in Breast Augmentation Surgery with Implants in 9,691 Patients over 5 Years." Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery - Global Open 9, no. 8 (2021): e3752. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/gox.0000000000003752.
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Background: This study presents a review of a single retrospective cohort of patients who underwent surgery for breast augmentation with implants, during a period of 5 years, aged 17–60 years (mean 32 years), in a single institution, IQ Interquirofanos, a private clinic in the city of Medellín, Colombia. Method: A single retrospective cohort study was carried out, in which the database of patients who underwent breast augmentation with implants during 5 years was analyzed. Results: In this period of time, 9,691 female patients and a total of 19,382 breast implants implanted by 66 plastic surgeons underwent breast augmentation surgery. All the breast prostheses used were round, made of silicone gel in all cases and textured in most of them. 37 patients presented infection at the surgical site, 33 were unilateral and four bilateral, with an incidence of 0.38% per patient. The form of presentation was cellulitis in 46% of the cases, followed by seroma and hematoma in 25%. It was found that there is no difference in the incidence of infection between patients with breast augmentation for the first time and implant replacement due to different causes (OR 1.25, 95% CI 0.66–2.3, P = 0.49). One of the surgeons was associated with 37.8% of the infections and was found to be an asymptomatic carrier of Staphylococcus aureus, requiring medical treatment. The relationship of the infection with the treating surgeons was also analyzed and it was found that there is an association between these two variables. The infection appeared in the first 2 weeks after surgery in 92.7% of the cases. The main isolated germ was Staphylococcus aureus, followed by Pseudomona aeruginosa, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Serratia marcescens, Candida parapsilosis, Enterobacter cloacae, and a patient with Mycobacterium fortuitum in both breasts. Of the 37 patients with infection, six breast implants were required to be explanted in five patients, who were repositioned 3–6 months later without complications. Conclusions: Incidence of infection in augmentation mammoplasty with implants was 0.38% in patients infected in one or both breasts, during 5 years. There is a relationship between the presence of breast infection and the surgeon who performed the intervention. The most frequent germs found in breast implant infections continue to be Staphylococcus aureus followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
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Jesus, Albertinio Jarquín Delgado, Emir Noguera Echeverría Alexis, Heinar Rodríguez Sosa Sergio, Ignacio Rafael Pérez Carlos, Rodolfo Esquivel Díaz Francisco, and Hugo Solis Reyna Víctor. "Implant-Associated Lymphoma." International Journal Of Medical Science And Clinical Research Studies 03, no. 05 (2023): 887–89. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7935711.
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Although cases have been reported in women with smooth surface implants as well, textured surface implants have seen the majority of breast implant-associated lymphoma cases. The most typical signs and symptoms are breast lumps, discomfort, and swelling. Clinical, radiographic, and pathological findings are used to make a diagnosis. The basic course of treatment is still removal of the implant and capsule, however in some circumstances stem cell transplantation, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy may be required. Patients with breast implants who exhibit symptoms should be evaluated by doctors for lymphoma. Long-term monitoring is necessary to identify illness recurrence early and guarantee effective therapy. In conclusion, lymphomas connected to breast implants provide a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge that has to be handled collaboratively and with a full understanding of the patient.
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Pirjavec Mahić, Aleksandra, Damir Grebić, Paola Čargonja, and Domagoj Kustić. "Silicone Gel Breast Implants." Acta medico-historica Adriatica 18, no. 1 (2020): 165–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.31952/amha.18.1.10.
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The authors have provided an in-depth review of the history of saline and silicone gel–filled breast implants. In the history of medicine, no devices have been more scrutinized and thoroughly studied than breast implants. Although we as plastic surgeons recognize and appreciate the benefits that our patients derive from these devices, society as a whole continues to remain skeptical. The reasons for this are complex and multifactorial but appear to be fueled by the media, oppositional organizations, and several trial lawyers. Prior to 1990, when the silicone gel implant controversy began, there were only eight indexed publications that dealt with the issue of silicone gel breast implants. Since 1990, there have been more than 500 indexed publications dealing with silicone gel implants. At the time of the moratorium in 1992, we as plastic surgeons did not have a leg to stand on because there was a paucity of scientific evidence to support our observations that silicone breast implants were safe and effective devices.
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Jesus, Albertinio Jarquín Delgado, Emir Noguera Echeverría Alexis, Heinar Rodríguez Sosa Sergio, Ignacio Rafael Pérez Carlos, Rodolfo Esquivel Díaz Francisco, and Hugo Solis Reyna Víctor. "Breast Reconstruction with Implants after Mastectomy." International Journal Of Medical Science And Clinical Research Studies 03, no. 05 (2023): 881–83. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7935693.
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Breast reconstruction is an important procedure for women who have had a mastectomy due to breast cancer or other diseases. Breast reconstruction can improve self-esteem, body image, and quality of life for women who have experienced breast loss. Breast reconstruction with implants is an effective and popular technique for breast reconstruction after mastectomy. However, it also has its limitations and complications, so it is important for patients and surgeons to work together to select the right technique and minimize the risk of post-operative complications. The choice of implant type, surgical technique and prevention of complications such as capsular contracture and implant rupture are important factors to consider in breast reconstruction with implants. Continued research and development in this field may further improve the efficacy and safety of this technique in the future.
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Myckatyn, Terence M., Jesus M. Duran Ramirez, Jennifer N. Walker, and Blake M. Hanson. "Management of Biofilm with Breast Implant Surgery." Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery 152, no. 5 (2023): 919e—942e. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/prs.0000000000010791.
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Learning Objectives: After studying this article, the participant should be able to: 1. Understand how bacteria negatively impact aesthetic and reconstructive breast implants. 2. Understand how bacteria infect breast implants. 3. Understand the evidence associated with common implant infection-prevention strategies, and their limitations. 4. Understand why implementation of bacteria-mitigation strategies such as antibiotic administration or “no-touch” techniques may not indefinitely prevent breast implant infection. Summary: Bacterial infection of aesthetic and reconstructive breast implants is a common and expensive problem. Subacute infections or chronic capsular contractures leading to device explantation are the most commonly documented sequelae. Although bench and translational research underscores the complexities of implant-associated infection, high-quality studies with adequate power, control groups, and duration of follow-up are lacking. Common strategies to minimize infections use antibiotics—administered systemically, in the breast implant pocket, or by directly bathing the implant before insertion—to limit bacterial contamination. Limiting contact between the implant and skin or breast parenchyma represents an additional common strategy. The clinical prevention of breast implant infection is challenged by the clean-contaminated nature of breast parenchyma, and the variable behavior of not only specific bacterial species but also their strains. These factors impact bacterial virulence and antibiotic resistance.
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Shadrin, Vladimir, Sergei Plaksin, and Violetta Platunova. "Mechanical properties of silicon breast implants." Russian journal of biomechanics. 28, no. 4 (2024): 164–70. https://doi.org/10.15593/rjbiomech/2024.4.17.
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Breast augmentation with silicone implants is one of the most common aesthetic procedures. Rupture of the implant is the main reason for repeated surgery and for the removal of the implant. The aim of the study is to investigate the changes in toughness and deformability of the shell of breast implants leading to their rupture depending on the conditions of mechanical loading. The methods of continuum mechanics utilized to model the behavior of elastomers are used. Cyclic stretching and cyclic stretching with increasing amplitude were performed on implant shells from different manufactures, and mechanical tests on Eurosilicone, Mentor and Motiva implant shells. The initial sections of the stress-strain curves up to 200 % are shown for the Mentor (8 year function), Eurosilicone (8 year function) and Motiva (2 year function) shells. The obtained experimental results are compared with the data for the unused (control) implant shell. The cyclic stretching test data show that, after the first elongation to a given strain, the implant shell softens and the next stress-strain curve is much lower than the first. At a strain greater than the previous strain, the stress-strain curve returns to the initial curve of the unstretched specimen. In the presence of microdamage, the shells of breast implants soften (Mul-lins effect), and the curves fall below the curve of the control test. It is shown that the implants lose some of their strength over time due to microdamage accumulation at systematic cyclic strain in the range of 100–130 %. At large deformations, the implant strength decreases significantly, and rupture of the implant can occur much earlier than its shelf life.
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Oh, Joon Seok, Jae Hoon Jeong, Yujin Myung, et al. "BellaGel breast implant: 6-Year results of a prospective cohort study." Archives of Plastic Surgery 47, no. 3 (2020): 235–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5999/aps.2019.01858.
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Background This is the first clinical study conducted among Asian women using breast implants manufactured by an Asian company. Four-year data regarding the safety and efficacy of BellaGel breast implants have already been published, and we now report 6-year data.Methods This study was designed to take place over 10 years. It included 103 patients who underwent breast reconstruction or augmentation using BellaGel breast implants. The rates of implant rupture and capsular contracture were measured and analyzed to evaluate the effectiveness of the breast implant.Results At patients’ 6-year postoperative visits, the implant rupture and capsular contracture rates were 1.15% and 2.30%, respectively. The implant rupture rate was 3.77% among reconstruction cases and 0% among augmentation cases. The capsular contracture rate was 5.66% among reconstruction cases and 0.83% among augmentation cases.Conclusions The 6-year data from this planned 10-year study suggest that the BellaGel cohesive silicone gel-filled breast implant is an effective and safe medical device that can be used in breast reconstruction and augmentation.