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Journal articles on the topic 'Breast Metastasis. Plasminogen. Urokinase'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 11 February 2022

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1

Smaradhania, Nilam, Septiman Rahman, Salman Ardi Syamsu, and Prihantono Prihantono. "Urokinase type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) expression in metastasis of breast cancer." Breast Disease 40 (June 25, 2021): S1—S7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/bd-219001.

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BACKGROUND: The plasminogen urokinase activation system consists of urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA), its receptor uPAR, and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1), which are considered to have a relationship with cancer aggressiveness. Several studies have found correlations between HER2 mRNA and uPAR in disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) in breast cancer patients. They are associated with a more aggressive primary tumor phenotype and recurrence/metastasis. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to determine the relationship between the expression of urokinase-type plasminogen activator recepto

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Tang, Linlin, and Xiuzhen Han. "The urokinase plasminogen activator system in breast cancer invasion and metastasis." Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy 67, no. 2 (2013): 179–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2012.10.003.

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Maguire, T. M., S. G. Shering, C. M. Duggan, E. W. McDermott, N. J. O'Higgins, and M. J. Duffy. "High Levels of Cathepsin B Predict Poor Outcome in Patients with Breast Cancer." International Journal of Biological Markers 13, no. 3 (1998): 139–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/172460089801300303.

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Cathepsin B (CB) is a thiol-stimulated protease implicated in cancer invasion and metastasis. Other proteases involved in cancer spread such as urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and cathepsin D have previously been shown to be prognostic markers in breast cancer. CB was assayed by ELISA in 193 patients with primary breast cancer. CB levels were significantly higher in both primary and metastatic breast tumors than in fibroadenomas (p=0.0001). In the primary carcinomas, CB levels showed no significant correlation with either nodal status, tumor size or estrogen receptor (ER) status. Pa

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Clarke, Christopher J., Stephane R. Gross, Thamir M. Ismail, et al. "Activation of tissue plasminogen activator by metastasis-inducing S100P protein." Biochemical Journal 474, no. 19 (2017): 3227–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bcj20170578.

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S100P protein in human breast cancer cells is associated with reduced patient survival and, in a model system of metastasis, it confers a metastatic phenotype upon benign mammary tumour cells. S100P protein possesses a C-terminal lysine residue. Using a multiwell in vitro assay, S100P is now shown for the first time to exhibit a strong, C-terminal lysine-dependent activation of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), but not of urokinase-catalysed plasminogen activation. The presence of 10 μM calcium ions stimulates tPA activation of plasminogen 2-fold in an S100P-dependent manner. S100P physicall

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Duffy, Michael J. "Urokinase Plasminogen Activator and Its Inhibitor, PAI-1, as Prognostic Markers in Breast Cancer: From Pilot to Level 1 Evidence Studies." Clinical Chemistry 48, no. 8 (2002): 1194–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/48.8.1194.

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Abstract Background: For optimum management of patients with cancer, accurate assessment of prognosis is essential. The primary determinant of outcome in malignancy is the formation of distant metastases. Urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) is a serine protease causally involved in invasion and metastasis. Content: Data from model systems show that uPA is unequivocally involved in cancer dissemination. Consistent with its role in metastasis, multiple independent groups have shown that high uPA concentrations in primary breast cancers correlate with poor prognosis. For determining outcome, th

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Duffy, M. J. "Urokinase-type plasminogen activator: a potent marker of metastatic potential in human cancers." Biochemical Society Transactions 30, no. 2 (2002): 207–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0300207.

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Urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) is a serine protease that is causally involved in cancer progression, especially invasion and metastasis. Multiple studies have shown that breast cancer patients whose primary cancer contains high levels of uPA have a significantly worse outcome than patients with low levels. As a prognostic marker for breast cancer the information supplied by uPA is both independent of traditionally used factors and significant in the important subgroup of axillary-node patients. Paradoxically, high levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), an endogenous i

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Belfiore, Lisa, Darren N. Saunders, Marie Ranson, and Kara L. Vine. "N-Alkylisatin-Loaded Liposomes Target the Urokinase Plasminogen Activator System in Breast Cancer." Pharmaceutics 12, no. 7 (2020): 641. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics12070641.

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The urokinase plasminogen activator and its receptor (uPA/uPAR) are biomarkers for metastasis, especially in triple-negative breast cancer. We prepared anti-mitotic N-alkylisatin (N-AI)-loaded liposomes functionalized with the uPA/uPAR targeting ligand, plasminogen activator inhibitor type 2 (PAI-2/SerpinB2), and assessed liposome uptake in vitro and in vivo. Receptor-dependent uptake of PAI-2-functionalized liposomes was significantly higher in the uPA/uPAR overexpressing MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line relative to the low uPAR/uPAR expressing MCF-7 breast cancer cell line. Furthermore, N-

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Duffy, Michael J., Catherine Duggan, Hugh E. Mulcahy, Enda W. McDermott, and Niall J. O’Higgins. "Urokinase plasminogen activator: a prognostic marker in breast cancer including patients with axillary node-negative disease." Clinical Chemistry 44, no. 6 (1998): 1177–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/44.6.1177.

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Abstract Urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) is a serine protease causally involved in cancer invasion and metastasis. In this study, high concentrations of uPA in primary breast cancers were independently associated with both a shortened disease-free interval and overall survival. For the disease-free interval as endpoint, uPA was a stronger indicator of outcome than lymph node status, whereas for overall survival, nodal status was stronger than uPA. In patients without metastasis to axillary nodes, uPA was also an independent prognostic marker, using both the disease-free interval and over

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Turner, David P., Victoria J. Findlay, A. Darby Kirven, Omar Moussa, and Dennis K. Watson. "Global Gene Expression Analysis Identifies PDEF Transcriptional Networks Regulating Cell Migration during Cancer Progression." Molecular Biology of the Cell 19, no. 9 (2008): 3745–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e08-02-0154.

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Prostate derived ETS factor (PDEF) is an ETS (epithelial-specific E26 transforming sequence) family member that has been identified as a potential tumor suppressor. In multiple invasive breast cancer cells, PDEF expression inhibits cell migration by preventing the acquisition of directional morphological polarity conferred by changes in cytoskeleton organization. In this study, microarray analysis was used to identify >200 human genes that displayed a common differential expression pattern in three invasive breast cancer cell lines after expression of exogenous PDEF protein. Gene ontology a

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Miles, Lindsey A., Nagyung Baik, Stan Krajewski, Robert J. Parmer, and Barbara M. Mueller. "The Novel Plasminogen Receptor, Plg-RKT, and Breast Cancer Progression." Blood 118, no. 21 (2011): 853. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v118.21.853.853.

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Abstract Abstract 853 The ability of tumor cells to bind plasminogen is highly correlated with their invasive and metastatic potential. Here we evaluate cell surface plasminogen binding in human breast cancer. In a xenograft model for aggressive, triple-negative human breast cancer, tumor cells harvested from orthotopic mammary fat pad (mfp) tumors of the invasive human breast cancer line, MDA-MB-231, exhibit dramatic increases in tumor growth and lung and lymph node metastases, compared to parental cells. The breast cancer cells isolated from the mfp have been designated as 231mfp cells. Alth

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Lampelj, Maja, Darja Arko, Nina Cas-Sikosek, et al. "Urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1) in breast cancer - correlation with traditional prognostic factors." Radiology and Oncology 49, no. 4 (2015): 357–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/raon-2014-0049.

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Abstract Background. Urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1) play a key role in tumour invasion and metastasis. High levels of both proteolytic enzymes are associated with poor prognosis in breast cancer patients. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the correlation between traditional prognostic factors and uPA and PAI-1 expression in primary tumour of breast cancer patients. Patients and methods. 606 primary breast cancer patients were enrolled in the prospective study in the Department of gynaecological oncology and breast oncology at th

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Meo, S., R. Dittadi, L. Peloso, and M. Gion. "The Prognostic Value of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor, Urokinase Plasminogen Activator and Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 in Node-Negative Breast Cancer." International Journal of Biological Markers 19, no. 4 (2004): 282–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/172460080401900405.

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The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and the plasminogen activator system play an essential role in solid tumor angiogenesis and in tumor invasion and metastasis. In the present study we investigated the relationship between patient outcome and levels of VEGF, urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in tumor cytosols of 196 node-negative primary invasive breast cancer patients who did not receive any adjuvant therapy. The median follow-up was 65 months. VEGF, uPA and PAI-1 were measured by commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent a

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Urban, Patrick, Vincent Vuaroqueaux, Martin Labuhn, et al. "Increased Expression of Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator mRNA Determines Adverse Prognosis in ErbB2-Positive Primary Breast Cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 24, no. 26 (2006): 4245–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2005.05.1912.

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Purpose To evaluate and validate mRNA expression markers capable of identifying patients with ErbB2-positive breast cancer associated with distant metastasis and reduced survival. Patients and Methods Expression of 60 genes involved in breast cancer biology was assessed by quantitative real-time PCR (qrt-PCR) in 317 primary breast cancer patients and correlated with clinical outcome data. Results were validated subsequently using two previously published and publicly available microarray data sets with different patient populations comprising 295 and 286 breast cancer samples, respectively. Re

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Takada, Y., and A. Takada. "Roles of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and -2, and receptor of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (u-PA) in tumor growth and metastasis." Hämostaseologie 20, no. 03 (2000): 146–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1619486.

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Summary Aim: Roles of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (u-PA) and its receptor (u-PAR), and its inhibitors (PAI-1 and PAI-2) in colon and breast cancer growth and metastasis were investigated. Methods: Antigen levels of u-PA, u-PAR, PAI-1 and PAI-2 were measured in lung tumor sites and its normal neighboring tissues and metastasis sites. mRNA of these factors was measured by Northern blotting and localization of these factors was measured by in situ hybridization. Results: Antigen levels of u-PA, u-PAR, PAI-1 and PAI-2 were higher in both lung and colon cancer tissues than in normal tissue

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Lester, Robin D., Minji Jo, Valérie Montel, Shinako Takimoto, and Steven L. Gonias. "uPAR induces epithelial–mesenchymal transition in hypoxic breast cancer cells." Journal of Cell Biology 178, no. 3 (2007): 425–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.200701092.

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Hypoxia activates genetic programs that facilitate cell survival; however, in cancer, it may promote invasion and metastasis. In this study, we show that breast cancer cells cultured in 1.0% O2 demonstrate changes consistent with epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). Snail translocates to the nucleus, and E-cadherin is lost from plasma membranes. Vimentin expression, cell migration, Matrigel invasion, and collagen remodeling are increased. Hypoxia-induced EMT is accompanied by increased expression of the urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) and activation of cell signaling f

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Lox, Charles D., Catherine A. Ronaghan, Everardo Cobos, and Robert H. Messer. "Tamoxifen-Induced Changes in the Plasma Fibrinolytic Factors in Menopausal Women with Breast Cancer." Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis 3, no. 4 (1997): 234–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107602969700300403.

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There is evidence that tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA), urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA), and the plasminogen activator inhibitors 1 and 2 (PAI-1, PAI-2), are involved in the invasion and metastasis of breast tumors. Menopausal controls and menopausal women with breast cancer, who were taking tamoxifen, 10 mg b.i.d., had plasma antigenic levels of tPA, uPA, PAI-1, and PAI-2 determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In addition, five women being placed on this tamoxifen regimen also had these same determinations made before and after 6 months. Significant increa

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Sałuda-Gorgul, Anna, Jacek Pytel, Bogusław Olborski, and Janusz Greger. "Antigen Levels Of Urokinase Type Plasminogen Activator And Its Inhibitors In Primary Breast Cancer." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 57, no. 3-4 (2002): 366–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-2002-3-428.

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The aim of the study was to monitor urokinase plasminogen activator antigen concentrations and its type 1 (PAI-1) and type 2 (PAI-2) inhibitors in histologically defined forms of primary breast cancer and a comparison with these antigens levels in normal tissue. Another goal was a search for a relationship /or its lack/ between the occurrence of the new generation markers of neoplastic disease and a presence /or absence/ of lymph node metastases. UPA, PAI-1 and PAI-2 antigen levels were determined by ELISA tests in protein extracts of breast cancer tissues. Among the studied breast tumors 32 s

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Setyono-Han, Buddy, Jörg Stürzebecher, Wolfgang Schmalix, et al. "Suppression of rat breast cancer metastasis and reduction of primary tumour growth by the small synthetic urokinase inhibitor WX-UK1." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 93, no. 04 (2005): 779–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1160/th04-11-0712.

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SummaryThe serine protease uPA (urokinase-type plasminogen activator) and its receptor uPAR (CD87) are often elevated in malignant tumours, hence, inhibition of this tumour-associated plasminogen activation system provides an attractive target for therapeutic strategies. WX-UK1, a derivative of 3-aminophenylalanine in the L-conformation with inhibitory antiproteolytic properties, was tested for its specificity spectrum using specific chromogenic paranitroanilide peptide substrates. The corresponding D-enantiomer of WX-UK1 was used as a control. The anti-tumour and anti-metastatic (number of lu

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Meijer-van Gelder, Marion E., Maxime P. Look, Joan Bolt-de Vries, Harry A. Peters, Jan G. M. Klijn, and John A. Foekens. "Breast-Conserving Therapy: Proteases as Risk Factors in Relation to Survival After Local Relapse." Journal of Clinical Oncology 17, no. 5 (1999): 1449. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.1999.17.5.1449.

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PURPOSE: To evaluate whether cathepsin D, urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA), its inhibitor, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), or clinical factors can predict which patients are at risk for developing distant metastases after local recurrence (LR). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Of 1,630 patients treated with breast-conserving surgery and radiotherapy of the breast between 1980 and 1992, LR developed in 171 as a first event. From the available primary tumor tissues, we determined the cytosolic levels of cathepsin D, uPA and PAI-1. RESULTS: In patients with LR, a short (≤ 2 years) disea

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Gouri, Adel, Aoulia Dekaken, Khalid El Bairi, et al. "Plasminogen Activator System and Breast Cancer: Potential Role in Therapy Decision Making and Precision Medicine." Biomarker Insights 11 (January 2016): BMI.S33372. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/bmi.s33372.

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Shifting from the historical TNM paradigm to the determination of molecular and genetic subtypes of tumors has been a major improvement to better picture cancerous diseases. The sharper the picture is, the better will be the possibility to develop subsequent strategies, thus achieving higher efficacy and prolonged survival eventually. Recent studies suggest that urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA), uPA receptor (uPAR), and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) may play a critical role in cancer invasion and metastasis. Consistent with their role in cancer dissemination, high levels

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Sturge, Justin, Jocelyne Hamelin та Gareth E. Jones. "N-WASP activation by a β1-integrin-dependent mechanism supports PI3K-independent chemotaxis stimulated by urokinase-type plasminogen activator". Journal of Cell Science 115, № 4 (2002): 699–711. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.115.4.699.

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Urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA)-uPA receptor (uPAR) and epidermal growth factor (EGF)-EGF receptor (EGFR) expression is highly correlated with breast cancer metastasis. Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K),small Rho GTPases, such as Cdc42 and Rac1, and neuronal Wiskott Aldrich syndrome protein (N-WASP) are key effectors that regulate dynamic changes in the actin cytoskeleton and cell migration. uPA- and EGF-stimulated chemotaxis,cytoskeletal rearrangements and activation of Cdc42, Rac1 and N-WASP were studied in the highly metastatic human breast cancer cell line MDA MB 231. These studi

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Castelló, Remedios, Amparo Estellés, Carlos Vázquez, et al. "Quantitative Real-Time Reverse Transcription-PCR Assay for Urokinase Plasminogen Activator, Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor Type 1, and Tissue Metalloproteinase Inhibitor Type 1 Gene Expressions in Primary Breast Cancer." Clinical Chemistry 48, no. 8 (2002): 1288–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/48.8.1288.

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Abstract Background: The plasminogen activation system and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play a key role in the degradation of basement membrane and extracellular matrix in tissue remodeling, cancer cell invasion, and metastasis. Methods: Quantitative real-time reverse-transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) assays were developed to quantify urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA), plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1), and tissue metalloproteinase inhibitor type 1 (TIMP-1) mRNA in 54 breast cancer tissues. Gene fragments were amplified in a LightCycler real-time PCR system using gene-specif

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Melzer, Catharina, Juliane von der Ohe, Hannah Otterbein, Hendrik Ungefroren та Ralf Hass. "Changes in uPA, PAI-1, and TGF-β Production during Breast Cancer Cell Interaction with Human Mesenchymal Stroma/Stem-Like Cells (MSC)". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, № 11 (2019): 2630. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20112630.

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The interactions of cancer cells with neighboring non-malignant cells in the microenvironment play an important role for progressive neoplastic development and metastasis. Long-term direct co-culture of human MDA-MB-231cherry breast cancer cells with benign human mesenchymal stroma/stem-like cells (MSC) MSC544GFP stably expressing mCherry and eGFP fluorescence proteins, respectively, was associated with the formation of three-dimensional (3D) tumor spheroids in vitro. The quantification of the breast tumor marker urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) in mono-cultured MDA-MB-231 cells revealed

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Konjevic, Gordana, and Sandra Stankovic. "Matrix metalloproteinases in the process of invasion and metastasis of breast cancer." Archive of Oncology 14, no. 3-4 (2006): 136–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/aoo0604136k.

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Metastatic cascade in malignant tumors, including breast cancer, starts with localized invasion of the host tissue. This process, requiring that tumor cells separate from each other, includes loss of homotypic and heterotypic cell adhesion and cell-cell contact inhibition, acquisition of motility, exacerbated by "epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition", and production of proteolytic enzymes which degrade basal membrane and extracellular matrix. In this sense, aside from urokinase type plasminogen activator, increased expression and activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) is one of the earli

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Bagheri-Yarmand, Rozita, Abhijit Mazumdar, Aysegul A. Sahin, and Rakesh Kumar. "LIM kinase 1 increases tumor metastasis of human breast cancer cellsvia regulation of the urokinase-type plasminogen activator system." International Journal of Cancer 118, no. 11 (2006): 2703–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ijc.21650.

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Sieuwerts, Anieta, Joan Bolt-de Vries, Peter Bosma, et al. "Aging of stromal-derived human breast fibroblasts might contribute to breast cancer progression." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 89, no. 02 (2003): 393–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1613457.

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SummaryAge is an important factor in the development and spread of breast cancer. Stromal cells also contribute to breast cancer growth and metastasis through the production of extracellular matrix (ECM) modifiers such as urokinase type plasminogen activator (uPA), its receptor (uPAR), its inhibitors (PAI-1 and PAI-2), matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and growth factors, including the fibroblast and insulin-like growth factors (FGF’s and IGF’s). In the present study we have investigated whether breast fibroblasts aged in vitro through passage in culture display altered levels of the plasminog

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Kim, Eun Young, Sung-Im Do, Keehoon Hyun, et al. "High Expression of Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator Is Associated with Lymph Node Metastasis of Invasive Ductal Carcinoma of the Breast." Journal of Breast Cancer 19, no. 2 (2016): 156. http://dx.doi.org/10.4048/jbc.2016.19.2.156.

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Lee, Hyun Sook, Jae In Jung, Kyeong-Hee Kim, Sang Jae Park, and Eun Ji Kim. "Toxicodendron vernicifluum Stokes extract inhibits solid tumor growth and lung metastasis of 4T1 murine mammary carcinoma cells in BALB/c mice." PLOS ONE 15, no. 11 (2020): e0241805. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0241805.

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Toxicodendron vernicifluum Stokes has long been used as a food supplement and traditional herbal medicine in East Asia. We applied a new extraction method to produce Toxicodendron vernicifluum Stokes extract (TVSE), that doesn’t contain urushiol (an allergenic toxin) but dose have higher levels of some flavonoids such as fustin and fisetin. This study was conducted to investigate the anticancer effects of TVSE in an in vivo system. Fifty BALB/c mice were acclimated for one week and then injected with 4T1 murine mammary carcinoma cells in mammary fat pads. After 7 days, the mice were randomly d

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Foekens, J. A., M. Schmitt, W. L. van Putten, et al. "Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and prognosis in primary breast cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 12, no. 8 (1994): 1648–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.1994.12.8.1648.

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PURPOSE Evaluation of the relationship between plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and the metastatic potential of primary breast cancer, and to compare the prognostic impact of PAI-1 in multivariate analysis with those of conventional prognostic factors, including steroid-hormone receptors, and those of urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA), pS2-protein (PS2), and cathepsin D. PATIENTS AND METHODS Cell biologic prognostic factors were analyzed in 657 cytosols routinely prepared from frozen-tissue biopsies that were submitted to our laboratory for the assessment of steroid-hormone recept

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Kwon, Yun-Suk, So-Young Chun, Min-Kyoung Kim, Hong-Yan Nan, ChuHee Lee, and Soyoung Kim. "Mistletoe Extract Targets the STAT3-FOXM1 Pathway to Induce Apoptosis and Inhibits Metastasis in Breast Cancer Cells." American Journal of Chinese Medicine 49, no. 02 (2021): 487–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0192415x21500221.

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Mistletoe extracts (Viscum album L.) have been widely used as complementary and alternative medicines for the treatment of cancer, and their cytotoxic effects have been reported on various types of cancer. However, the molecular targets of mistletoe extracts have not been well studied. Herein, we investigated molecules associated with the in vitro and in vivo anticancer effects of mistletoe extract using 4T1 murine breast cancer cells. Mistletoe extract induced apoptosis and inhibited the signal transducer and activator of transcription3 (STAT3) phosphorylation. This inhibition was accompanied

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Metzger, Otto, Stefan Michiels, Sandeep K. Singhal, et al. "Urokinase-type plasminogen activator gene (PLAU) to predict clinical outcome in invasive lobular carcinoma." Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, no. 15_suppl (2012): e21010-e21010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.30.15_suppl.e21010.

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e21010 Background: At the molecular level invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) is mostly composed of luminal A (LA) (≈80%) followed by luminal B (≈15%) and a small fraction of HER2-positive (≈5%) tumors (Metzger et al SABCS2011). In ILC, Genomic Grade (GG) adds prognostic information to clinico-pathological (CP) characteristics (Metzger et al ASCO 2011). In this study we sought to evaluate the prognostic value of different gene signatures/modules in patients diagnosed with LA classic ILC. Methods: Gene expression data were generated from 184 consecutive frozen tumor samples using Affymetrix U133 P

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Kates, Ronald, Katja Gauger, Amina Willems, et al. "Urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and its inhibitor PAI-1: novel tumor-derived factors with a high prognostic and predictive impact in breast cancer." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 91, no. 03 (2004): 450–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1160/th03-12-0798.

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SummaryUrokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and its inhibitor, PAI-1, play a key role in tumor invasion and metastasis. They were the first novel tumor biological factors to be validated at the highest level of evidence (LOE I) regarding their clinical utility in breast cancer. Their antigen levels are determined in tumor tissue extracts by standardized, quality-assured immunometric assays (ELISA). Since the late 1980s, numerous independent studies have demonstrated that patients with low levels of uPA and PAI-1 in their primary tumor tissue have a significantly better survival than pati

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Prechtl, A., N. Harbeck, C. Thomssen, et al. "Tumor-Biological Factors Upa and PAI-1 as Stratification Criteria of a Multicenter Adjuvant Chemotherapy Trial in Node-Negative Breast Cancer." International Journal of Biological Markers 15, no. 1 (2000): 73–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/172460080001500114.

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In axillary node-negative primary breast cancer, 70% of the patients will be cured by locoregional treatment alone. Therefore, adjuvant systemic therapy is only needed for those 30% of node-negative patients who will relapse after primary therapy and eventually die of metastases. Traditional histomorphological and clinical factors do not provide sufficient information to allow accurate risk group assessment in order to identify node-negative patients who might benefit from adjuvant systemic therapy. In the last decade various groups have reported a strong and statistically independent prognost

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Artmann, A., K. Celik, M. Kiechle, M. Schmitt, and N. Harbeck. "The prognostic impact of Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor Typel (PAI-I) and Urokinase-type Plasminogen Aktivator (uPA) concentrations in axillary lymph node metastasis in patients with primary breast cancer." European Journal of Cancer Supplements 6, no. 7 (2008): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1359-6349(08)70503-2.

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Uhl, B., L. Mittmann, J. Dominik, et al. "P03.17 uPA-PAI-1 heteromers promote advanced stages of breast cancer by attracting pro-tumorigenic neutrophils." Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer 8, Suppl 2 (2020): A29.2—A29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jitc-2020-itoc7.56.

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BackgroundHigh tumor levels of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA)-plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) heteromers independently predict poor survival in early breast cancer. The pathogenetic role of this protein complex, however, remains largely obscure.Materials and MethodsNeutrophil trafficking was analyzed in orthotopic (multi-channel flow cytometry) and heterotopic (ear; multi-channel in vivo microscopy) mouse models of 4T1 breast cancer, in a mouse peritonitis assay (multi-channel flow cytometry), as well as in the mouse cremaster muscle (multi-channel in vivo microscopy). Cy

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Mitra, S. K., S.-T. Lim, A. Chi, and D. D. Schlaepfer. "Intrinsic focal adhesion kinase activity controls orthotopic breast carcinoma metastasis via the regulation of urokinase plasminogen activator expression in a syngeneic tumor model." Oncogene 25, no. 32 (2006): 4429–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.onc.1209482.

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Chappuis, Pierre O., Barbara Dieterich, Véronique Sciretta, et al. "Functional Evaluation of Plasmin Formation in Primary Breast Cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 19, no. 10 (2001): 2731–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2001.19.10.2731.

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PURPOSE: Plasmin generation is controlled by the plasminogen activators (PA)/plasmin system, which comprises proteases (urokinase-type PA [uPA] and tissue-type PA [tPA]) and antiproteases (PA inhibitors, PAI-1 and PAI-2). The tumoral content of uPA and PAI-1 has been shown to carry prognostic value in breast cancer; however, because most assays used so far have relied on immunometric determinations, we have explored the enzymatic activities governing plasmin formation in breast cancer specimens. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We applied semiquantitative histochemical zymography to 201 primary breast ca

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Révillion, F., V. Lhotellier, L. Hornez, et al. "Real-Time Reverse-Transcription PCR to Quantify a Panel of 19 Genes in Breast Cancer: Relationships with Sentinel Lymph Node Invasion." International Journal of Biological Markers 23, no. 1 (2008): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/172460080802300102.

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At the Centre Oscar Lambret, the anticancer centre of the North of France, sentinel lymph node (SLN) procedures are routinely performed for localized (T0–T1, N0, M0) breast carcinoma without any previous treatment, in order to prevent the deleterious effects of axillary lymph node dissection. The present study was undertaken to assess if the expression in the tumor of a panel of 19 genes would allow to predict histological SLN involvement. We looked at cytokeratin 19 (CK19), mucin-1 (MUC1), mammaglobin (MGB1), cyclin D1 (CCND1), the four members of the HER/ErbB growth factor receptor family (E

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Kwaan, Hau C., and Paul F. Lindholm. "Fibrin and Fibrinolysis in Cancer." Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis 45, no. 04 (2019): 413–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1688495.

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AbstractIn 1878, Billroth discovered that tumor cells invest themselves in a fibrin thrombus, and he hypothesized that fibrin promotes tumor growth and invasion. Since then, many observations have supported this concept, showing that many hemostatic factors including fibrinogen, fibrin, and components of the fibrinolytic system have indeed a complex interaction with cancer growth and metastasis. Fibrin promotes cell migration by providing a matrix for tumor cell migration and by interactions with adhesive molecules and integrins. Fibrin-containing vascular endothelial growth factor promotes an

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Harbeck, N., U. Alt, U. Berger, et al. "Long-Term Follow-Up Confirms Prognostic Impact of Pai-1 and Cathepsin D and L in Primary Breast Cancer." International Journal of Biological Markers 15, no. 1 (2000): 79–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/172460080001500115.

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After long-term follow-up, the prognostic impact of the following proteolytic factors associated with tumor invasion and metastasis was evaluated in 276 primary breast cancer patients: uPA (urokinase-type plasminogen activator), PAI-1 (uPA inhibitor type 1), and cathepsins B, D and L. The median follow-up of patients still alive at the time of analysis was 109 months. To date 119 patients (43%) have relapsed and 117 (42%) have died. Antigen levels of uPA and PAI-1 were determined by ELISA in detergent extracts; cathepsin B, D, and L content was determined in cytosol fractions of the primary tu

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Fisher, J. L., C. L. Field, H. Zhou, T. L. Harris, M. A. Henderson, and P. F. M. Choong. "Urokinase plasminogen activator system gene expression is increased in human breast carcinoma and its bone metastases — A comparison of normal breast tissue, non-invasive and invasive carcinoma and osseous metastases." Breast Cancer Research and Treatment 61, no. 1 (2000): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10549-004-6659-9.

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Klijn, JGM, M. Schmitt, WLJ Van Putten, F. Jänicke, and JA Foekens. "The prognostic value of plasminogen-activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and the metastasis-associated proteases urokinase (uPA) and cathepsin-D in primary breast cancer: A multivariate analysis in 657 patients." European Journal of Cancer 29 (January 1993): S59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0959-8049(93)90916-4.

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Bastholm, Lone, Morten H. Nielsen, Christian Enggaard, Fritz Rank, and Folmer Elling. "Increased Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Tumor Cells and Increased Production of the Receptor for Urokinase Plasminogen Activator in Endothelial Cells Are Associated with Lymph Node Metastasis in Human Breast Cancer." Applied Immunohistochemistry & Molecular Morphology 7, no. 1 (1999): 39–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00129039-199903000-00009.

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Bastholm, Lone, Morten H. Nielsen, Christian Enggaard, Fritz Rank, and Folmer Elling. "Increased Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Tumor Cells and Increased Production of the Receptor for Urokinase Plasminogen Activator in Endothelial Cells Are Associated with Lymph Node Metastasis in Human Breast Cancer." Applied Immunohistochemistry 7, no. 1 (1999): 39–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00022744-199903000-00009.

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Gerber, Bernd, Annette Krause, Heiner Müller, et al. "Simultaneous Immunohistochemical Detection of Tumor Cells in Lymph Nodes and Bone Marrow Aspirates in Breast Cancer and Its Correlation With Other Prognostic Factors." Journal of Clinical Oncology 19, no. 4 (2001): 960–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2001.19.4.960.

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PURPOSE: We studied the prognostic and predictive value of immunohistochemically detected occult tumor cells (OTCs) in lymph nodes and bone marrow aspirates obtained from node-negative breast cancer patients. All were classified as distant metastases-free using conventional staging methods. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 484 patients with pT1-2N0M0 breast cancer and 70 with pT1-2N1M0 breast cancer and a single affected lymph node participated in our trial. Ipsilateral axillary lymph nodes and intraoperatively aspirated bone marrow were examined. All samples were examined for OTCs using monoc

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Duggan, C., T. Maguire, E. McDermott, N. O'Higgins, J. J. Fennelly, and M. J. Duffy. "Urokinase plasminogen activator and urokinase plasminogen activator receptor in breast cancer." International Journal of Cancer 61, no. 5 (1995): 597–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ijc.2910610502.

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Reilly, D., P. A. Andreasen, and M. J. Duffy. "Urokinase-plasminogen activator in breast cancer." Blood Coagulation & Fibrinolysis 2, no. 1 (1991): 47–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001721-199102000-00007.

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DUFFY, M. "Urokinase plasminogen activator and prognosis in breast cancer." Lancet 335, no. 8681 (1990): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0140-6736(90)90571-l.

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Gelder, Marion E. Meijer-van, Maxime P. Look, Harry A. Peters, et al. "Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator System in Breast Cancer." Cancer Research 64, no. 13 (2004): 4563–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.can-03-3848.

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Alfano, Daniela, Paola Franco, Immacolata Vocca, et al. "The urokinase plasminogen activator and its receptor." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 93, no. 02 (2005): 205–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1160/th04-09-0592.

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SummaryThe urinary-type plasminogen activator, or uPA, controls matrix degradation through the conversion of plasminogen into plasmin and is regarded as the critical trigger for plasmin generation during cell migration and invasion, under physiological and pathological conditions (such as cancer metastasis).The proteolytic activity of uPA is responsible for the activation or release of several growth factors and modulates the cell survival/apoptosis ratio through the dynamic control of cell-matrix contacts. The urokinase receptor (uPAR), binding to the EGF-like domain of uPA, directs membrane-

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