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1
Grother, Joan P. "IS BREAST SELF-EXAM EFFICACIOUS?" Journal of Midwifery & Women's Health 48, no. 4 (July 8, 2003): 298. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1526-9523(03)00144-2.
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Bryan, Angela D. "Performance of Breast Self-Exam." Journal of Prevention & Intervention in the Community 22, no. 2 (December 4, 2001): 7–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j005v22n02_02.
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Vargas, Hernan I., M. Perla Vargas, Kamal Eldrageely, Katherine D. Gonzalez, Melissa L. Burla, Rose Venegas, and Iraj Khalkhali. "Outcomes of Surgical and Sonographic Assessment of Breast Masses in Women Younger than 30." American Surgeon 71, no. 9 (September 2005): 716–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000313480507100904.
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Assessment of breast masses in young women is challenging due to normal glandular variance. Our purpose is to define the outcomes of specialized physical exam, selective breast sonography (BUS), and biopsy in women younger than 30. Five hundred forty-two patients younger than 30 referred with a palpable breast mass were studied. Patients’ mean age was 24.8. Surgeon's physical exam confirmed a dominant mass in 44 per cent of cases. Thirty-seven per cent had normal clinical exams. Median tumor size was 2.2 cm. On multivariate analysis, a mass on surgeon's clinical exam ( P < 0.0001), and BUS ( P = 0.0001) predicted the presence of a true mass. Fifty-three per cent of self-detected abnormalities were true masses compared to 18 per cent when detected by the primary care provider (PCP) ( P < 0.001). Most common diagnoses were fibroadenoma (72%), breast cysts (4%), or fibrocystic changes (3%). Malignancy occurred in 1 per cent. In summary, breast mass is a common reason for surgical consultation. Normal glandular nodularity is often mistaken for a mass. However, a judicious approach of physical exam by a surgeon using selective BUS and image guided core biopsy provides an efficient and safe approach for diagnosis. Breast malignancy is a rare but serious cause of breast mass in young women.
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Goldenberg, Jamie L., Jamie Arndt, Joshua Hart, and Clay Routledge. "Uncovering an existential barrier to breast self-exam behavior." Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 44, no. 2 (March 2008): 260–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2007.05.002.
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Tang, Tricia S., Laura J. Solomon, and Lance M. McCracken. "Cultural Barriers to Mammography, Clinical Breast Exam, and Breast Self-Exam among Chinese-American Women 60 and Older." Preventive Medicine 31, no. 5 (November 2000): 575–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/pmed.2000.0753.
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Rosenberg, A., L. Burke, P. Vos, and D. Liles. "Self-exam is the most common method of breast cancer identification." Journal of Clinical Oncology 25, no. 18_suppl (June 20, 2007): 1543. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2007.25.18_suppl.1543.
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1543 Background: Breast cancer survival is improved by early diagnosis. The role of self-exam as an adjunct to screening mammography has been questioned as some studies suggest that self-examinations lead to unnecessary diagnostic procedures without improving survival. Methods: Patients who had been diagnosed with breast cancer and who were attending a university-based cancer clinic were interviewed, using a structured questionnaire, to determine the way in which their breast cancers were first identified. Inference was conducted using exact methods (Clopper-Pearson intervals for proportions and Fisher’s test for odds ratios). Results: Breast cancers were first identified by mammogram in 16% of women, by provider in 9%, by the spouse in 2%. Seventy-five percent (95% CI=61% to 85%) of patients first identified their tumors by self exam. Self-identifiers occurred in all demographic groups. These women included those with all types of insurance: private insurance (68%), Medicare (60%), Medicaid (100%), or no insurance (85%); all levels of education: 77% with college education and 75% with high school; all income levels: for example, among 79% with annual incomes of <$10K and 73% with incomes >$50K; and among both black (91%) and white (66%) women. Of the women who reported both regular mammograms and regular self-examination (N=35), 77% (95% CI=60 to 90%) were self-identifiers. However, cancers found by mammography were more likely to be Stage I than were those identified by self-examination (odds ratio=3.9, 95% CI .9 to 17.5, p=.047). Conclusions: Most breast cancers (75%) were found by self-examination, even among women who had regular mammography. We did not find any demographic factor that predicted mammography as the primary method of tumor identification. These findings suggest that self-examination remains an important method of breast cancer identification. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Aljohani, Somaya, Israa Saib, and Muatasim Noorelahi. "Women’s Performance of Breast Cancer Screening (Breast Self-Examination, Clinical Breast Exam and Mammography)." Advances in Breast Cancer Research 06, no. 01 (2017): 16–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/abcr.2017.61002.
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Registe, Marlaine, and Susan Padham Porterfield. "Health Beliefs of African American Women on Breast Self-Exam." Journal for Nurse Practitioners 8, no. 6 (June 2012): 446–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nurpra.2011.09.025.
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Karadeniz Küçük, Aylin, and Bahar Şener. "DESIGN FOR POSITIVE BREAST SELF-EXAM EXPERIENCE USING MOBILE APPS." Proceedings of the Design Society 1 (July 27, 2021): 1013–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/pds.2021.101.
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AbstractBreast cancer is one of the most common cancer types among women, accountable for approximately 2.2 million new cases and 684,996 deaths globally in 2020. There are various screening methods to detect cancer early, and experts suggest that women should perform breast self-examination (BSE) once a month. Unfortunately, most women fail to do so even if they are aware of the risks and the importance of screening methods. The aim of this paper is to understand women's current behavior and experience with BSE and mobile BSE apps and to suggest several design dimensions for positive mobile BSE app experience by benefiting from positive technology. With this aim, three selected mobile BSE apps were used by a total of 24 participants for four weeks. A three-phase study was carried out to uncover women’s pre- during-, and post-usage experiences of BSE apps. The analysis revealed six headings under two themes: strategies, limitations, and emotions under BSE theme; and the needs, limitations, and benefits under Mobile Apps theme. Consequently, based on the findings, suggestions for design dimensions for BSE apps to better meet women’s needs by benefiting from levels of positive technology are made.
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DeGennaro, V., M. Gibbs, C. Wilson, N. Louis, D. Kanyandekwe, and C. Petterson. "Women's Cancer Screening in Haiti: Increasing Access by Bringing Services to the Workplace." Journal of Global Oncology 4, Supplement 2 (October 1, 2018): 209s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.18.84300.
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Background: Cervical cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death in Haiti yet the country does not provide sufficient screening. Working class women in Haiti are less likely to receive cancer screening or education than the poorest quartile of women. This is an untouched demographic not necessarily because of financial burdens but because most women work 6 days weekly and lack the time to seek healthcare and appropriate screening. Innovating Health International (IHI) and Share Hope recently implemented a cancer screening program using vaginal HPV self-swabs and clinical breast exams for working class women in Port-au-Prince. Aim: To not only bring much needed cervical cancer education, screening and treatment to an unreached demographic but also to assess the plausibility and acceptance by female factory workers to receive routine screening and treatment in clinics that reside within the workplace. Methods: The project began in September 2017 and will run for 12 months with plans to screen 4000 women with vaginal HPV swabs (QIAGEN careHPV) and clinical breast exams. Nurses perform clinical breast exam, teach self-breast exam, and instruct patients how to perform vaginal self-swab in the factory infirmary. Inclusion criteria for women include age 30 to 50 years. Women who screen positive for HPV will then be followed with visual inspection of the cervix with acetic acid (VIA) and thermocoagulation. Those who have suspicious masses in their breast have a breast ultrasound performed at the factory clinic. A smaller percentage of women with advanced disease will be referred to outside gynecology clinics. Results: Data collection is half-way completed and we´ll present full data in October. Over 3122 women have participated and received education on women's health issues during their lunch hour at the factories. Of all those sensitized, 2691 or 86.1% chose to have clinical breast exam. Of those who are eligible for HPV screening, 1948 or 93.8% of those eligible accepted testing. Of those tested, 344 or 16% were HPV-positive and all but a 5 completed VIA. For women who are HPV-positive, 69 or 20% were also VIA positive. All HPV-positive women received thermocoagulation except for 2, who were referred for colposcopy and loop electrocautery excisional procedure. There were 141 women who had a positive clinical breast exam and underwent breast ultrasound with only 2 requiring a biopsy. Conclusion: We seek to expand access to cervical cancer screening for the rural and working poor through using mobile health technologies coupled with community-based education and screening. HPV-positive women can undergo treatment by a traveling nurse with portable thermocoagulation therapy where they live or work, without the need to travel or leave work. With no doctor, no electricity, no pelvic exam for most women, and no stable infrastructure, we can screen women in rural areas and the working poor at their place of employment.
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Yi, Jenny K., and Cielito C. Reyes-Gibby. "Breast Cancer Screening Practices among Low-Income Vietnamese Women." International Quarterly of Community Health Education 21, no. 1 (April 2002): 41–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/248j-9a9f-b2hf-kbxa.
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Cancer is the leading cause of death among Asian-American women in the United States and breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among Asian-American women. Early detection through breast cancer screening has been found to improve the rate of survival for breast cancer. This study examined factors associated with breast cancer screening among 345 Vietnamese women ≥40 years old residing in a low-income Houston area. Data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire assessing socio-demographic characteristics, access to care factors, acculturation, and perceived susceptibility and severity of risks. Results showed 38 percent, 49 percent, and 33 percent of the respondents reporting having had a breast self-exam, a clinical breast exam, and a mammogram, respectively. Predictors of breast cancer screening include education, employment, ability to speak English, having lived in the United States for more than five years, and having a regular place of care. Implications of this study include the need for a culturally-relevant educational program for this understudied population.
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Stevens, Vivian M., Joseph W. Hatcher, and Barbara K. Bruce. "How compliant is compliant? Evaluating adherence with breast self-exam positions." Journal of Behavioral Medicine 17, no. 5 (October 1994): 523–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01857924.
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Bottimore, Anne H., and B. Jo Hailey. "Promotion of Breast Self-Exam Behavior: An Attempt to Modify Health Beliefs." International Quarterly of Community Health Education 9, no. 4 (January 1989): 273–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/7r5j-ay67-g2qd-rlf8.
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The aim of this project was to alter health beliefs to promote the regular practice of breast self-examination (BSE). A total of fifty-seven female university students ranging in age from nineteen to forty-four were selected to participate. Experimental subjects viewed a videotaped message designed to educate them about breast cancer and BSE. Control subjects viewed a presentation about preventive health behaviors other than BSE. The no-treatment control subjects received no behavioral intervention. All subjects completed a pretest and posttest measure of health beliefs. Follow-up data obtained included BSE reports each month for a six-month period for experimental and control subjects. The overall rate of BSE for both the experimental and control subjects increased at the outset of the experiment and declined during the course of the project. The present investigation appeared to be as successful as other interventions attempting to encourage the regular practice of BSE.
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Brown, Jennifer R., Luther H. Holton, Thomas L. Chung, and Sheri Slezak. "Breast-Feeding, Self-Exam, and Exercise Practices Before and After Reduction Mammoplasty." Annals of Plastic Surgery 61, no. 4 (October 2008): 375–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/sap.0b013e318160223f.
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Wong-Kim, Evaon, and Caroline C. Wang. "Breast Self-Examination Among Chinese Immigrant Women." Health Education & Behavior 33, no. 5 (May 31, 2006): 580–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1090198106290800.
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The incidence of breast cancer is rising rapidly among the fast-growing demographic group of Asian American and Pacific Islanders (AAPIs). In this study, the authors assessed the awareness of breast self-exam (BSE) and factors predicting practice of BSE among Chinese immigrant women living in San Francisco. Three hundred and ninety-seven women participated in a telephone survey; 80.9% reported having heard of BSE but only 53.9% reported practice of BSE during the past year. Logistic regression modeling found that increased length of stay in the United States, higher income, socializing with more Chinese than non-Chinese, and a birthplace other than U.S. and Chinese communities predicted BSE practice. The findings indicate that although familiarity with BSE is high among this group of Chinese immigrant women, self-reported actual practice is far from optimal. This study points to the need for culturally appropriate interventions that will encourage and motivate immigrant Chinese women to practice BSE on a monthly basis.
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Ertem, Gul, Yelda Candan Donmez, and Eda Dolgun. "Determination of the Health Belief and Attitude of Women Regarding Breast Cancer and Breast Self-Exam." Journal of Breast Health 13, no. 2 (March 31, 2017): 62–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5152/tjbh.2017.3018.
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Gyedu, Adam, Cameron E. Gaskill, Godfred Boakye, Abdul Rashid Abdulai, Benjamin O. Anderson, and Barclay Stewart. "Differences in Perception of Breast Cancer Among Muslim and Christian Women in Ghana." Journal of Global Oncology, no. 4 (December 2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.2017.009910.
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Purpose The burden of breast cancer continues to increase in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where women present with more advanced disease and have worse outcomes compared with women from high-income countries. In the absence of breast cancer screening in LMICs, patients must rely on self-detection for early breast cancer detection, followed by a prompt clinical diagnostic work-up. Little is known about the influence of religious beliefs on women’s perceptions and practices of breast health. Methods A cross-sectional survey was administered to female members of Islamic and Christian organizations in Ghana. Participants were asked about their personal experience with breast concerns, knowledge of breast cancer, performance of breast self-examination, and experience with clinical breast exam. Results The survey was administered to 432 Muslim and 339 Christian women. Fewer Muslim women knew someone with breast cancer (31% v 66%; P < .001) or had previously identified a concerning mass in their breast (16% v 65%; P < .001). Both groups believed that new breast masses should be evaluated at clinic (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.08; 95% CI, 0.58 to 2.01), but Muslim women were less likely to know that breast cancer can be effectively treated (AOR, 0.34; 95% CI, 0.23 to 0.50). Muslim women were less likely to have performed breast self-examination (AOR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.29 to 0.88) or to have undergone clinical breast exam (AOR, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.27 to 0.84). Conclusion Muslim women were found to be less likely to participate in breast health activities compared with Christian women, which highlights the need to consider how religious customs within subpopulations might impact a woman’s engagement in breast health activities. As breast awareness initiatives are scaled up in Ghana and other LMICs, it is essential to consider the unique perception and participation deficits of specific groups.
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Artmann, A., M. Heyne, M. Kiechle, and N. Harbeck. "Breast self examination training and counseling as motivation strategies for breast awareness and participation in breast cancer screening programs." Journal of Clinical Oncology 24, no. 18_suppl (June 20, 2006): 1027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.1027.
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1027 Background: In Germany, the particpation rate in gynecologic cancer and the Bavarian breast cancer screening program is only about 30%. Therefore, the impact of counseling and raising confidence in breast self examination (BSE) by a structured BSE training on breast awareness, acceptance of screening offer, and participation rate was evaluated. For evaluation of the training quality, specified MammaCare data sheets and questionnaires were used. Method: Since 2003, 167 women (mean age 35 y; range 19–65 y; 61% ≥40 y) got intensive breast cancer counceling and were professionally trained in MammaCare BSE; 41% had positive breast cancer family history. In their beginner’s course, trainees got general BSE information, covering breast anatomy, breast symptoms, breast cancer screening and therapy. Participants practised BSE, after training on tactually accurate silicone breast models with simulated lumps in order to discriminate normal nodularity from lumps. After 3 months, the supervision sessions included BSE evaluation and - again - professional instruction. In a model exam false positive and negative findings were documented. In breast exams, performance technique and breast tissue coverage were assessed. At both initial sessions and after 12 months, questionnaires on BSE practice, experience, and compliance, cancer worry, acceptance and participation at cancer screening programs were evaluated. Results: Breast cancer worry, anxiety, and lack of information were the main reasons for program participation. Within 3 months after the base course, mean decrease of breast cancer worry was about 95%. Participation in gynecologic and breast cancer screening (≥40 y) more than doubled (94% and 86%). Even after 12 months, these numbers remain consistent. 80% of participants practice BSE monthly, and 46% reported changes in lifestyle regarding nutrition and obesity. Conclusions: Our approach emphasizes importance of self confidence and awareness for participation in cancer screening, also in women with breast cancer family history. Counseling, BSE re-evaluation and reinforcement are correlated with decreased breast cancer worry, a main barrier against participation in breast and gynecologic cancer screening. [Table: see text]
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Leon-Rodriguez, E., C. Molina-Calzada, M. M. Rivera-Franco, and A. Campos-Castro. "Breast self-exam and patient interval associate with advanced breast cancer and treatment delay in Mexican women." Clinical and Translational Oncology 19, no. 10 (April 25, 2017): 1276–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12094-017-1666-6.
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Shahnazi, Mahnaz, and AzizehFarshbaf Khalili. "Breast cancer screening (breast self-examination, clinical breast exam, and mammography) in women referred to health centers in Tabriz, Iran." Indian Journal of Medical Sciences 64, no. 4 (2010): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0019-5359.97355.
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Novelia, Shinta, Yenny Aulya, and Elsa Regiyanti. "The Effect of Breast Self-Examination (BSE) Class on Knowledge and Practice of Breast Self-Examination among Adolescent Girls." Nursing and Health Sciences Journal (NHSJ) 1, no. 1 (July 9, 2021): 49–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.53713/nhs.v1i1.16.
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According to the World Health Organization (WHO), cancer incidence in 2008 to 2012 was increased from 12.7 million cases to 14.2 million cases. Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the world after cardiovascular disease. It is estimated that in 2030 the incidence of cancer will increase to 26 million people and 17 people die of cancer. This research aimed to determine the effect of BSE classes on knowledge and practice of BSE among female students in Senior High School 104 East Jakarta in 2020. This research was a quantitative study with an analytical survey method with the Quasi Experimental approach. The sample in this study was 30 people. The sampling technique was purposive sampling. The research instrument consisted of questionnaire data and BSE observation sheets. The results of the paired t test found that the effect of BSE Class on BSE Knowledge and Practice among female students where ρ <ά = (0,000 <0.05). There was an effect of BSE Classes on Student’s Knowledge and Practice. Adolescent girls are expected to increase their knowledge about breast self-examination and breast cancer which can be obtained from counseling in the nearest health services, namely about the benefits and how to practice breast self-exam.
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Polek, Carolee, and Thomas Hardie. "Are changes in breast self-exam recommendations and early misperceptions of breast cancer risk increasing women's future risks?" Journal of the American Association of Nurse Practitioners 28, no. 7 (July 2016): 379–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2327-6924.12325.
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Silva, Isis Teixeira e., Rosane Harter Griep, and Lúcia Rotenberg. "Social support and cervical and breast cancer screening practices among nurses." Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem 17, no. 4 (August 2009): 514–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0104-11692009000400013.
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This cross-sectional epidemiological study was carried out at three public hospitals in Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. It aimed at analyzing the association between social support and cervical and breast cancer early detection practices among nurses. Data were collected through a multidimensional questionnaire focusing on socio-demographic and occupational variables, the performance of the breast self-exam, the Papanicolaou smear test, and social support (Medical Outcomes Study scale). Statistical associations were evaluated through the Chi-square test (p d" 0.05). Logistic regression tests were used for multivariate analysis. Higher levels of social support consistently increased the chances of individuals reporting adequate practices concerning breast self-examination and having Pap smear tests performed, regardless of socio-demographic or occupational variables. These results corroborate the hypotheses that social support has a positive effect on the regular practice of self-care.
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Lancaster, Diane R. "Development and Psychometric Testing of the Coping With Breast Cancer Threat Instrument." Journal of Nursing Measurement 12, no. 1 (May 2004): 33–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/jnum.12.1.33.66319.
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Women with a positive family history of breast cancer have a higher relative breast cancer risk. Research pertinent to this “at-risk” population has focused primarily on the early detection measures of breast self-exam, clinical breast exam, and mammography. Other specific primary prevention coping behaviors have received little research attention and, while there are instruments that measure general coping behaviors in the face of illness threat, there are no known instruments that measure coping behaviors specific to dealing with breast cancer threat. This study tested the psychometric properties of the Coping with Breast Cancer Threat instrument (CBCT). The CBCT was designed to measure primary prevention and early detection coping strategies used by women with family histories of breast cancer in response to their appraised breast cancer threat. The tool’s format was modeled after the Jalowiec Coping Scale (JCS) and included use and effectiveness scales. Internal consistency reliabilities and content and construct validity of the CBCT were assessed in a sample of 209 women with a family history of breast cancer. Alpha coefficients for the CBCT’s total use and effectiveness scales were .70 and .76, respectively. Principal components factor analysis with a varimax rotation revealed three conceptually relevant subcales that accounted for 52% of the variance in breast cancer threat coping behaviors. The CBCT was shown to be a reliable and valid measure of coping with breast cancer threat in a well-educated, European Amercian sample of middle-aged women.
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Lee, Eun-Hyun. "Breast Self-Examination Performance Among Korean Nurses." Journal for Nurses in Staff Development (JNSD) 19, no. 2 (March 2003): 81–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00124645-200303000-00005.
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Widjaja, D., A. Kurniawan, and B. A. Baskoro. "Breast Cancer Education and Screening in Indonesian Rural Community: A Programme Trial." Journal of Global Oncology 4, Supplement 2 (October 1, 2018): 145s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.18.37900.
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Background and context: Breast cancer has the highest incidence and prevalence among cancers in Indonesia. Indonesian rural society has low level of breast cancer knowledge and self examination practice. Difficulty for accessing breast cancer primary health care screening also caused negligence. Furthermore, ignorance and economy situation made patients chose alternative treatments. Hence, most cases are detected at late stages, in which late diagnosis and treatment resulted in high mortality. Aim: Decrease breast cancer mortality by increasing breast cancer knowledge level, monthly self-examination practice awareness, and mass screening for early detection of breast cancer. Strategy/Tactics: In conjunction with National Cancer Control Committee event at 2017, we did a one day social occasion of education and early detection screening for breast cancer in Indonesia rural communities. Participants were gathered with mass announcement from primary health care workers. An expert brought an education class, then parallel screening rooms were provided for all participants. Program/Policy process: Phase one (2017) consists of establishing a good basic education and screening system. We gave free invitation to district health office to be distributed to a local primary health care and participate in a small education class brought by breast cancer specialist. Materials consist of basic knowledge and risk factors, self-examination awareness, diagnostic and treatment procedure, and referral process. Afterward, participants got breast physical exam screening by general clinicians. In phase two (2018), we added questionnaires to assess the effectiveness of education class in increasing knowledge level and self-practice awareness. An ultrasonography examination was added to narrow the diagnosis. Participants with higher risk factor or positive findings were given extra consultation. All participants were referred to our secondary referral General Hospital at Karawaci district, Tangerang, Banten, Indonesia. Outcomes: In 2017, 10% of participants had positive results and referred for further tests. In 2018, education class significantly increase knowledge and breast self-exam practice awareness. Moreover, ultrasonography examination narrowed positive diagnosis from 13% to 7%. What was learned: Education and early detection screening to primary health cares across Indonesia are needed to gather breast cancer cases at earliest stadium, hopefully could decrease breast cancer mortality. Feedbacks from participants showed that feeling of importance played important role and can only be developed internally after the disease became personal. Mobile mammography examination will help establishing breast cancer diagnosis. Budget is an issue, participants must be filtered beforehand based on risk factors for positive diagnostic results. A follow up and reminder system is needed to ensure participants follows proper management steps.
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Darvishpour, Azar, Soheila Mazloum Vajari, and Sara Noroozi. "Can Health Belief Model Predict Breast Cancer Screening Behaviors?" Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 6, no. 5 (May 19, 2018): 949–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2018.183.
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BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is the second cause of cancer-related death among women. Prevention programs insist on the early diagnosis and screening to reduce the mortality rate.AIM: The study was conducted to determine the predictors of breast cancer screening behaviours based on the health belief model.MATERIAL AND METHODS: The present cross-sectional study was conducted by involving 304 women ranging from 20 to 65 years of age, living in East Guilan cities, the North of Iran, in 2015 using two-stage cluster sampling. The research instrument was Champion's Health Belief Model Scale. The data were analysed based on Regression test by using SPSS software version 18.RESULTS: The results showed perceived benefits (ExpB = 1.118, p = 0.009), self-efficacy (ExpB = 1.122, p = 0.001) and the perceived barriers (ExpB = 0.851, p = 0.001) as the predictors of breast self-examination. In addition, the study revealed that the two components of perceived benefits (ExpB = 1.202), and the perceived barriers were the predictors of mammography (ExpB = 0.864) (p = 0.001). None of the health belief model components showed a role to predict clinical breast examination (P > 0.05).CONCLUSION: The present study highlights the need for educational programs, which should focus on increasing breast self-exam skills and understanding the benefits of healthy behaviours and eliminating their barriers.
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Walsh, Elaine, Michael P. Farrell, Fergal Gallagher, Roisin Clarke, Carmel Nolan, M. John Kennedy, Peter Daly, et al. "Breast cancer detection among Irish BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers." Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, no. 27_suppl (September 20, 2012): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.30.27_suppl.59.
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59 Background: High-risk breast cancer screening for BRCA1/2 mutations carriers with clinical breast exam, mammography and MRI have sensitivities approaching 100%. Even with intensive screening BRCA mutation carriers can present with self-detected interval cancers. We investigate screening practices and presentation among a cohort of Irish BRCA1/2 mutation carriers. Methods: Females with breast cancer belonging to kindreds now known to harbour BRCA1/2 mutations were retrospectively identified. Records were reviewed for BRCA mutation, demographics, breast cancer diagnosis, stage, histology and screening. We assessed screening modalities and whether breast cancers were diagnosed at screening or as interval cancers. Results: 53 cases of breast cancer were diagnosed from 1968-2010 among 53 Irish hereditary breast ovarian cancer kindreds. BRCA mutation status was unknown at time of diagnosis but subsequently confirmed. Detection method was identified in 50% of patients: 84% by clinical breast exam (CBE), 4% mammography, 4% MRI and 8% by a combination of CBE and mammography. Fifteen women (28%) developed second breast cancer; 9(60%) were undergoing screening, 2 were not and 27% were unknown. 22% were detected by CBE alone; 34% mammography; 22% a combination of mammography and CBE and 22% by MRI. In 41%, histology changed between first and second diagnosis. Two women developed a third breast cancer. In one, her second was an interval cancer despite being in a screening programme. Her third was radiologically detected. Conclusions: In this cohort of Irish BRCA1/2 mutation carriers almost 25% of second breast cancers were not detected by screening. 4% of cases were phenocopies and in 41% histology changed between first and second diagnosis. [Table: see text]
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Walsh, Elaine, Michael P. Farrell, Fergal Gallagher, Roisin Clarke, Carmel Nolan, M. John Kennedy, Peter Daly, et al. "Breast cancer detection among Irish BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers." Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2012): e12038-e12038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.30.15_suppl.e12038.
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e12038 Background: High-risk breast cancer screening for BRCA1/2 mutations carriers with clinical breast exam, mammography and MRI have sensitivities approaching 100%. Even with intensive screening BRCA mutation carriers can present with self-detected interval cancers. We investigate screening practices and presentation among a cohort of Irish BRCA1/2 mutation carriers. Methods: Females with breast cancer belonging to kindreds now known to harbour BRCA1/2 mutations were retrospectively identified. Records were reviewed for BRCA mutation, demographics, breast cancer diagnosis, stage, histology and screening. We assessed screening modalities and whether breast cancers were diagnosed at screening or as interval cancers. Results: 53 cases of breast cancer were diagnosed from 1968-2010 among 53 Irish hereditary breast ovarian cancer kindreds. BRCA mutation status was unknown at time of diagnosis but subsequently confirmed. Detection method was identified in 50% of patients: 84% by clinical breast exam (CBE), 4% mammography, 4% MRI and 8% by a combination of CBE and mammography. Fifteen women (28%) developed second breast cancer; 9(60%) were undergoing screening, 2 were not and 27% were unknown. 22% were detected by CBE alone; 34% mammography; 22% a combination of mammography and CBE and 22% by MRI. In 41%, histology changed between first and second diagnosis. Two women developed a third breast cancer. In one, her second was an interval cancer despite being in a screening programme. Her third was radiologically detected. Conclusions: In this cohort of Irish BRCA1/2 mutation carriers almost 25% of second breast cancers were not detected by screening. 4% of cases were phenocopies and in 41% histology changed between first and second diagnosis. [Table: see text]
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Szukis, Holly A., Bo Qin, Cathleen Y. Xing, Michelle Doose, Baichen Xu, Jennifer Tsui, Yong Lin, et al. "Factors Associated with Initial Mode of Breast Cancer Detection among Black Women in the Women’s Circle of Health Study." Journal of Oncology 2019 (July 4, 2019): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/3529651.
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Mammogram-detected breast cancers have a better prognosis than those identified through clinical breast exam (CBE) or through self-detection, primarily because tumors detected by mammography are more likely to be smaller and do not involve regional nodes. In a sample of 1,322 Black women, aged 40-75 years, diagnosed with breast cancer between 2002 and 2016, we evaluated factors associated with CBE and self-detection versus screening mammogram as the initial mode of breast cancer detection, using multivariable logistic regression models. Compared with screening mammogram, history of routine screening mammogram (OR 0.20, 95% CI: 0.07, 0.54) and performance of breast self-examination (BSE) (OR 0.31, 95% CI: 0.13, 0.74) before diagnosis were associated with lower odds of CBE as the initial mode of detection, while performance of CBEs before diagnosis (OR 11.04, 95% CI: 2.24, 54.55) was positively associated. Lower body mass index (<25.0 kg/m2 vs. ≥35.0 kg/m2: OR 2.46, 95% CI: 1.52, 3.98), performance of BSEs before diagnosis (less than once per month: OR 4.08, 95% CI: 2.45, 6.78; at least monthly: OR 4.99, 95% CI: 3.13, 7.97), and larger tumor size (1.0-2.0 cm vs. <1.0 cm: OR 2.92, 95% CI: 1.84, 4.64; >2.0 cm vs. <1.0 cm: OR 6.41, 95% CI: 3.30, 12.46) were associated with increased odds of self-detection relative to screening mammogram. The odds of CBE and self-detection as initial modes of breast cancer detection among Black women are independently associated with breast care and breast cancer screening services before diagnosis and with larger tumors at diagnosis.
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Ruddy, K. J., S. Gelber, R. Tamimi, L. Schapira, S. Come, S. Kereakoglow, N. U. Lin, E. P. Winer, and A. H. Partridge. "Presentation of breast cancer in young women." Journal of Clinical Oncology 27, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2009): 6608. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.6608.
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6608 Background: Current guidelines for early detection of breast cancer do not adequately address diagnosis in young women. Furthermore, a lower suspicion for malignancy in this population may cause diagnostic delays. It is unknown how much the lack of routine screening and potential diagnostic delays contribute to the poorer outcomes of younger women. Methods: We surveyed women age <40 with recently diagnosed breast cancer in a prospective multicenter cohort study started in late 2006. We evaluated initial sign/symptom of cancer, time to first seeking medical attention, time from seeking medical attention to diagnosis, and patient factors associated with delays of >30 days in either timeframe. Chi square and Fisher's Exact tests were used to compare those with and without delays. Results: The first 222 women enrolled in the cohort are included in this analysis. Median age at diagnosis was 36 years (range 17–40). 79% of women initially identified their cancers through breast self exam. Only 6% were initially identified by clinical breast exam, 14% by breast imaging, 1% by systemic symptoms. While the median time between initial sign and seeking medical attention was 10 days (range 0–3,600), 54 women had >30 days between initial sign and medical attention (median 102, range 44–3,600). Similarly, median time from seeking medical attention to diagnosis was 21 days (range 0–2,970), yet 59 women had >30 days from attention to diagnosis (median 70, range 33–2,970). Preliminary comparison of women with and without delays did not reveal significant differences in age, race, education, marital status, or gravidity. Analyses will be updated and psychosocial factors, tumor subtype, and stage at diagnosis will be evaluated. Conclusions: In this large modern cohort of young women with breast cancer, nearly 80% presented with a self-detected breast abnormality, and most were diagnosed soon after they developed a sign/symptom. However, nearly 25% delayed seeking medical attention and 25% experienced a delay in diagnosis after seeking medical attention. Further research is warranted to compare delays between younger and older women, to evaluate delays in more diverse populations, to explore predictors of delays, and to assess for prognostic implications of delays in order to improve outcomes in young women. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Ashing, Kimlin Tan, Kommah McDowell, Shirley Brown, Mayra Serrano, Lily L. Lai, and Aria Miller. "Evaluating a clinically and culturally informed survivorship care plan trial for African American breast cancer survivors (AABCS)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 34, no. 3_suppl (January 20, 2016): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2016.34.3_suppl.71.
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71 Background: This randomized control study was designed to evaluate the impact of trial participation on access to survivorship care planning (SCP) and adherence to surveillance recommendations among AABCS. Methods: AABCS were recruited from the State Cancer Registry and support groups. This trial consisted of 1:1 randomization into two conditions: 1) peer navigation + clinically- and culturally-informed breast cancer (BC) materials, and 2) clinically- and culturally-informed BC materials, only. AABCS (N= 29) from advocacy groups were trained as peer navigators, with on-going supervision and monitoring by the research team. The ASCO-SCP template was modified based on input from survivor-advocates to increase clinical, cultural and socio-ecological relevance. The study was implemented using community based-participatory approach. Mailed, self-report assessments were taken at baseline and at 6- and 12-month follow-up. Results: In total, 112 AABCS who were 6-18 months post initial primary treatment for stage 0-3 BC participated in the study. There was a 74% participation rate and a 64% completion rate. At 6- and 12-month follow-up, 65% and 73% reported access to a SCP, respectively. Improvements from baseline in adherence to SCP surveillance recommendations were observed at 6- and 12- month follow-up assessments regarding physical exam (45.6%, 71.2%, 71.0%, respectively), pelvic exam (39.7%, 45.2%, 46.5%, respectively), breast self-exam (45.0%, 79.0%, 81.2%, respectively), and breast imaging (31.1%, 75.6%, 81.1%, respectively) (p< 0.05). There we no significant demographic, medical or study outcome differences by study condition. Conclusions: Our study findings demonstrate the effectiveness of trial participation in facilitating access to SCP and improved adherence to recommended surveillance. Participation of survivor-advocates in developing culturally-informed BC informational and survivorship care strategies can enhance acceptability and sustainability, especially in community and primary care settings. Untapped opportunities exist for survivor-advocate engagement in survivorship research and practice to address inequities. Clinical trial information: NCT01824745.
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Lindberg, Nangel M., Victor J. Stevens, K. Sabina Smith, Russell E. Glasgow, and Deborah J. Toobert. "A Brief Intervention Designed to Increase Breast Cancer Self-Screening." American Journal of Health Promotion 23, no. 5 (May 2009): 320–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4278/ajhp.071009106.
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Purpose. To assess the efficacy of an intervention designed to increase appropriate use of breast self-examination (BSE). Methods. Two-armed randomized clinical trial of cancer-control interventions in women that compared a BSE intervention program to a dietary intervention, which served as the control group. The study was conducted at a large health maintenance organization in Portland, Oregon. Participants were 616 female members of the health maintenance organization who were aged 40 to 70 years. The intervention consisted of a 30- to 45-minute individual counseling session that featured BSE instruction, training and practice with silicone models, identification of barriers to BSE, and problem-solving. This intervention was followed by two brief follow-up telephone calls. The study outcome measure was self-reported BSE practice, which included duration, frequency, and specific elements of exam. Results. The study had a 90% response rate. At the 1-year follow-up, χ2 analyses showed that significantly more individuals in the BSE intervention (59%) reported adequate BSE performance compared with those in the control group (12.2%; p < .001). Conclusions. This brief intervention was successful in encouraging women to perform adequate BSEs. Although the role of the BSE in patient care remains controversial, these results show that even brief intervention programs can be effective at encouraging self-screening for cancer. This intervention could easily be modified to target other screening practices (e.g., skin or testicular cancer screening) that are associated with reduced cancer morbidity and mortality.
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Taback, B., N. Hansen, K. Conway, and A. Giuliano. "Method of detection of local recurrence in patients following breast conserving surgery and its utility for surveillance." Journal of Clinical Oncology 24, no. 18_suppl (June 20, 2006): 611. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.611.
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611 Background: It is estimated that approximately 10% of all breast cancer patients will develop local recurrence (LR) at 10 years. Routine surveillance for detection of early breast cancer recurrence is widely performed despite lack of conclusive evidence for an improvement in patient quality of life or potential for cure. A number of historical studies evaluating the effectiveness of routine screening for LR following treatment for early-stage breast cancer have suggested that the diagnosis of LR is more frequent during a routine visit and occurring in asymptomatic patients. However, differentiating the method of detection is not often elucidated. In this study we evaluated the manner in which patients presented with an isolated LR in clinical practice. Methods: Our routine patient follow-up consists of physical exam and mammogram every 6 mos for the first 2 years following breast conserving surgery (BCS) and yearly thereafter. We queried our prospectively collected breast cancer database (1632 patients from July 1986 - July 2004) for patients with an isolated LR following BCS (n=59 (3.6%); two patients had bilateral LRs). Medical records were not available for three patients. Results: At a median follow-up of 45 mos (range: 5–122 mos) there were 58 evaluable LRs: 15 DCIS, 31 infiltrating ductal carcinoma (IDC), 6 infiltrating lobular (ILC), 2 mixed IDC/ILC, 3 invasive cancers NOS and 1 unknown. Patient presentation was as follows: 25 were diagnosed by self-exam, 28 on screening mammogram, 2 were diagnosed by physician (includes one referral), and 3 unknown. Mammogram detected recurrences were more frequent among patients with DCIS whereas self-detected recurrences were more common in patients with IDC (79% vs 33% and 21% vs 67%, respectively; P<0.2). Mean tumor size was larger in self-presentation (2.1 cm; range: 0.8–4.5 cm) than in mammogram detected group (1.6 cm; range 0.4–6 cm). Conclusions: These findings demonstrate the value of mammography as compared to patient detected LRs. Whether a survival advantage exists remains uncertain. Nevertheless routine physician examination in this setting is highly insensitive and its further utility must be considered when devising cost-effective strategies for surveillance of breast cancer patients. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Morse, Emma Perry, Bertha Maegga, Gertrud Joseph, and Susan Miesfeldt. "Breast Cancer Knowledge, Beliefs, and Screening Practices among Women Seeking Care at District Hospitals in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania." Breast Cancer: Basic and Clinical Research 8 (January 2014): BCBCR.S13745. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/bcbcr.s13745.
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Background Limited disease awareness among women may impact breast cancer stage-at-diagnosis in Tanzania, reducing survival. This study assessed breast cancer knowledge, screening practices, and educational preferences among outpatients at Tanzanian government-supported hospitals. Methods A convenience sample of women was surveyed regarding (1) knowledge/beliefs of breast cancer etiology, risk factors, symptoms, treatment, (2) early detection knowledge/practice, and (3) educational preferences. Results Among 225 respondents, 98.2% knew of breast cancer; 22.2% knew someone affected by breast cancer. On average, 30% of risk factors and 51% of symptoms were identified. Most accepted one or more breast cancer myths. Among 126 aware of breast self-exam, 40% did not practice it; only 0.9% underwent regular clinical breast examinations despite 68% being aware of the procedure. Among treatments, 87% recognized surgery, 70% radiation, and fewer systemic therapy. Preferred educational sources were group sessions, television/radio, and meetings with breast cancer survivors. Conclusions This work reveals incomplete breast cancer awareness among Tanzanian women and promises to inform development of user-focused educational resources.
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Kennedy, Linda S., Suyapa A. Bejarano, Tracy L. Onega, Derek S. Stenquist, and Mary D. Chamberlin. "Opportunistic Breast Cancer Education and Screening in Rural Honduras." Journal of Global Oncology 2, no. 4 (August 2016): 174–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.2015.001107.
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Purpose In Honduras, the breast cancer burden is high, and access to women’s health services is low. This project tested the connection of community-based breast cancer detection with clinical diagnosis and treatment in a tightly linked and quickly facilitated format. Methods The Norris Cotton Cancer Center at Dartmouth College partnered with the Honduran cancer hospital La Liga Contra el Cancer to expand a cervical cancer screening program, which included self-breast exam (SBE) education and clinical breast exams (CBEs), to assess patient attitudes about and uptake of breast cancer education and screening services. The cervical cancer screening event was held in Honduras in 2013; 476 women from 31 villages attended. Results Half of the women attending elected to receive a CBE; most had concerns about lactation. Clinicians referred 12 women with abnormal CBEs to La Liga Contra el Cancer for additional evaluation at no cost. All referred patients were compliant with the recommendation and received follow-up care. One abnormal follow-up mammogram/ultrasound result was negative on biopsy. One woman with an aggressive phyllodes tumor had a mastectomy within 60 days. Multimodal education about breast cancer screening maximized delivery of women’s health services in a low-tech rural setting. Conclusion The addition of opportunistic breast cancer education and screening to a cervical cancer screening event resulted in high uptake of services at low additional cost to program sponsors. Such novel strategies to maximize delivery of women’s health services in low-resource settings, where there is no access to mammography, may result in earlier detection of breast cancer. Close follow-up of positive results with referral to appropriate treatment is essential.
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Kıssal, Aygül, and Ayşe Beşer. "Results of breast and cervical cancer Health Promotion Model for older Turkish women." Journal of Human Sciences 14, no. 3 (July 11, 2017): 2374. http://dx.doi.org/10.14687/jhs.v14i3.4430.
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Introduction: Gynecological cancers are an important cause of morbidity and mortality.Purpose: This study was conducted in an attempt to increase the participation of 60-75 year-old women in early diagnosis of breast and cervical cancer and determine the efficiency of nursing interventions on health promotion and development behaviors.Method and material: The sampling of this experimental study consisted of 50 women in the experimental group and 50 women in the control group. The data collection process involved socio-demographic characteristics information form, Standardized Mini Mental State Test, information form regarding previous behaviors, screening behaviors monitoring form, Health Belief Model Scale, Self-Efficacy Scale, and Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors Scale II-Health Responsibility subscale. Results: The study determined that health perceptions in older women increased the rate of Breast Self-Exam, mammography and Pap-smear test utilization, but that the interventions were not effective in Clinical Breast Examination performance.Conclusion: The nursing interventions, which were performed using group health education based on the Health Belief Model and the Health Promotion Model as well as brochures, film displays, breast models and telephone reminders, had positive effects on the behaviors of early breast and cervical cancer diagnosis in older women.
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Morse, Emma Perry, Bertha Maegga, Getrud Joseph, and Susan Miesfeldt. "Variations in breast cancer awareness among urban Tanzanian women." Journal of Clinical Oncology 31, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2013): e12561-e12561. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2013.31.15_suppl.e12561.
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e12561 Background: Nearly 70% of the 7.6 million cancer deaths occur annually in developing countries like Tanzania, with breast cancer being among the most common causes of cancer mortality. Although data are incomplete, late-stage disease is believed to limit breast cancer control in Tanzania, with delayed diagnosis linked to low levels of breast cancer awareness among women. The goal of this study was to explore awareness of this disease among low-income women accessing routine medical care from three district hospitals in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Methods: This survey-based study examined participants' knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs regarding breast cancer causes, risk factors, symptoms, early detection measures, treatment, and preferred education sources. Sociodemographic variations in knowledge of breast cancer risk factors, symptoms, and treatments were assessed. Results: Two hundred and twenty-five women, ages 18-55 years, participated. Over half (52%) reported a primary school education or less; 69.9% were married; 26.2% were unemployed. The average monthly household income was just below the Dar es Salaam mean. Ninety-eight percent were aware of breast cancer; 22% knew someone with a history of breast cancer. Among the 126 women who heard of breast self exam, 25% and 34% practiced it regularly and occasionally, respectively; 41% never practiced it. Only 6.2% had regular clinical breast exams. A minority knew of mammography (32%); <2% had undergone a mammogram. Of the items listed, respondents correctly identified symptoms (51%), risk factors (31%), and treatments (51%). Data reflecting sociodemographic variations in knowledge will be shown. Preferred sources of breast cancer educational materials included group sessions, television or radio programs, and meetings with breast cancer survivors. Conclusions: This work provides valuable insight into preferred sources of breast cancer education among Tanzanian women.
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Ammar, K., and S. Alsater. "Evaluation of Breast Cancer Awareness Campaign, Screening Drivers." Journal of Global Oncology 4, Supplement 2 (October 1, 2018): 26s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.18.56000.
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Background: King Hussein Cancer Foundation and Center (KHCF & KHCC) lead Breast Cancer (BC) awareness in Jordan through the Jordan Breast Cancer Program. The program aims to reduce morbidity and mortality from BC, and shift the current state of diagnosis from late stages to earlier ones, where the disease is curable, survival rates are higher, and treatment costs are lower. In October, the international BC awareness month, many activities are organized to encourage Jordanian women to undergo screening. Aim: To find out predictors of screening visits at KHCC early detection clinic in October 2015 to evaluate echo of the campaign. In addition, we aim to find the screening rate among women at KHCC early detection clinic. Methods: This is a cross sectional study, using a self-administered questionnaire, carried out in October 2015 and follow-up was completed on August 2016. Results: 291 women responded to the questionnaire, they were categorized into two groups; screening and diagnostic. Screening rate was 57.8% (N=166). In women above 40 years old, 69.3% (N=113) were in the screening group and 30.7% (N= 50) in the diagnostic group. There was no statistically significant difference in the average ages between two groups (49.49 year, 47.82 year, P = 0.218). Positive family history of BC in a first-degree relative was found to be a strong predictor for mammogram screening in comparison with screening group (65.4% vs 16%, P = 0.05); other screening behaviors like commitment to self-breast exam, clinical breast exam and attending educational lecture about BC did not significantly affect screening rates. In addition, screened women were more likely to complete their investigations and follow-up procedures. In this sample, five women were diagnosed with BC; two in advanced stages among the diagnostic group 4%, (N=50) with mean age 54.5 year, and three in early stage among screened group 2.7%, (N=113) with a mean age of 50 year. Conclusion: First-degree family history of BC is a strong predictor of BC screening. Awareness activities might lead to higher screening rates among women in general. Further studies need to be conducted on larger scale to confirm the results of this study.
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Brum, Igor, Tamara Rodrigues, Estela Laporte, Fernando Aarestrup, Geraldo Vitral, and Bruno Laporte. "Does Knowing Someone with Breast Cancer Influence the Prevalence of Adherence to Breast and Cervical Cancer Screening?" Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia / RBGO Gynecology and Obstetrics 40, no. 04 (April 2018): 203–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1623512.
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Objective To evaluate the prevalence of adherence to screening methods for breast and cervical cancer in patients attended at a university hospital and to investigate whether knowing someone with breast cancer, moreover belonging to the patient's family, affects the adherence to the screening recommendations. Methods This was a cross-sectional and quantitative study. A structured interview was applied to a sample of 820 women, between 20 and 69 years old, who attended a university hospital in the city of Juiz de for a, MG, Brazil. For the analysis, the chi-square test was used to assess possible associations between the variables, and the significance level was set at p-value ≤ 0.05 for a confidence interval (CI) of 95%. Results More than 95.0% of the sample performed mammography and cervical cytology exam; 62.9% reported knowing someone who has or had breast cancer, and this group was more likely to perform breast self-examination (64.9%; odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.12–2.00), clinical breast examination (91.5%; OR 2.11; 95% CI 1.37–3.36), breast ultrasound (32.9%; OR 1.81, 95% CI 1.30–2.51), and to have had an appointment with a breast specialist (28.5%; OR 1.98, 95% CI 1.38–2.82). Women with family history of breast cancer showed higher propensity to perform breast self-examination (71.0%; OR 1.53 95% CI 1.04–2.26). Conclusion There was high adherence to the recommended screening practices; knowing someone with breast cancer might make women more sensitive to this issue as they were more likely to undergo methods which are not recommended for the screening of the general population, such as breast ultrasound and specialist consultation; family history is possibly an additional cause of concern.
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Barghouthi, Nadia, Jennifer Turner, and Jessica Perini. "Breast Cancer Development in a Transgender Male Receiving Testosterone Therapy." Case Reports in Endocrinology 2018 (December 31, 2018): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/3652602.
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Context. To describe a case of invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast in a transgender male receiving testosterone therapy for gender-affirming treatment. Case Description. A 28-year-old transgender male receiving intramuscular testosterone was found to have a breast mass on ultrasound after self-exam revealed a palpable breast lump. Ultrasound-guided breast biopsy revealed estrogen receptor/progesterone receptor (ER/PR) negative, human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2) positive, invasive ductal carcinoma of the left breast. He underwent neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy along with bilateral mastectomy. At patient request, his testosterone injections were permanently discontinued. Conclusion. Fewer than 20 cases of breast cancer in transgender male patients have been reported in medical literature. While studies have shown increased risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women with higher testosterone levels, data regarding premenopausal women is conflicting and little is known about breast cancer risk in transgender individuals receiving gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT), with inconclusive results regarding correlation between testosterone therapy and breast cancer. More research is required to evaluate whether a possible increased risk of breast cancer exists for transgender men receiving gender-affirming therapy.
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Chowdhury, Rupak, Nganwa David, Asseged Bogale, Shami Nandy, T. Habtemariam, and Berhanu Tameru. "Assessing the Key Attributes of Low Utilization of Mammography Screening and Breast-self Exam among African-American Women." Journal of Cancer 7, no. 5 (2016): 532–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.7150/jca.12963.
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Günaldι, Meral, Hamide Şişman, Refiye Özgen, Sibel Öztürk, Dudu Baysal, Nuriye Sarιakçalι, Pιnar Kum, et al. "Measurement of the knowledge level about breast self-exam among the female employees of a university hospital, Turkey." Asia-Pacific Journal of Oncology Nursing 1, no. 1 (2014): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2347-5625.135819.
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Becerril Gaitan, Andrea, Bryan Vaca-Cartagena, Ana Sofia Ferrigno, Fernanda Mesa-Chavez, Alejandra Platas, Melina Miaja, Alan Fonseca, et al. "Factors associated with breast self-examination in Mexican young women with breast cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 39, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2021): 10562. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.10562.
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10562 Background: Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cause of cancer-related death and morbidity among young women in Latin America. This group has a higher prevalence of advanced disease stages at diagnosis compared to their older counterparts. Thus, strategies aimed at detecting BC at early stages are imperative. Breast self-examination (BSE) remains a useful strategy for BC detection, especially in women who do not routinely undergo screening with imaging studies. This study aims to evaluate factors related with BSE practice in Mexican young women with BC and assess its association with earlier disease stages. Methods: Women aged ≤40 newly diagnosed with BC from 2014 to 2020 at three cancer referral centers in Mexico accrued in the Joven & Fuerte cohort were included and asked to complete a socio-demographic survey. Fisher’s exact and Mann-Whitney U tests were used to evaluate associations between BSE and socio-demographic characteristics, as well as disease stages. Results: A total of 554 patients with a median age at diagnosis of 36 years (range: 19-40) were analyzed. Most patients (65%) were married or in a domestic partnership, and the majority were housewives (63%). Regarding educational background, 64% had completed at least high school, and up to 84% had a monthly income < 11,600 Mexican pesos (US$ 581). Overall, 85% of patients had public insurance, 6% had private insurance, and 9% were uninsured. The distribution of clinical stages at diagnosis was: 0 (2%), I (11%), II (45%), III (32%), and IV (10%). BC detection methods were: 85% by self/partner exam, 11% by an imaging study, and 4% by a healthcare professional. A total of 443 (80%) patients practiced BSE, of which 50% did it on a monthly basis, 18% every 2-3 months, and the remaining 12% every 4-12 months. Notably, a higher educational level (≥ high school v ≤ middle school) was positively associated with BSE practice (RR: 1.28; 95%CI 1.06-1.54; p= 0.005). No significant association was found between BSE and age (≤35 v > 35), marital status (in a relationship v no), occupation (housewive v other), monthly income ( < 11,600 v ≥11,600) or medical coverage (public/uninsured v private). Patients that performed BSE were more likely to be diagnosed with early BC (stages 0-II) compared to those that did not (61% v 45%; p= 0.003). No association was found between BSE frequency and stage at diagnosis. Noteworthy, patients with private insurance were more likely to be diagnosed with stages 0-II compared to those with public or no insurance (80% v 56%; p= 0.007). Conclusions: The significant association between BSE and earlier stages at diagnosis found in this study highlights the need to raise awareness and promote this practice among young women with the objective of downstaging BC diagnoses. Public health interventions such as educational and social media campaigns that aim to improve the correct practice of BSE might be particularly useful in settings with inadequate screening programs.
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Soe, Y. Shwe Yee, Z. N. Win, T. Aung, T. Win, and Y. Y. Htun. "“You Can Breast Health Club” Empowering Healthy Women of Myanmar to Enhance Breast Cancer Awareness and Take Action." Journal of Global Oncology 4, Supplement 2 (October 1, 2018): 126s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.18.23400.
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Background and context: Pun Hlaing Siloam Hospital (PHSH), the only Joint Commission International (JCI) accredited hospital in Myanmar, is committed to provide comprehensive breast health services through “You Can Breast Health Club” in accordance with its vision; international quality, reach, scale and compassion. A free of charge membership-based club led by a dedicated medical oncology team that includes health care personnel, family members of breast cancer patients and healthy women of all walks of life. Aim: To promote awareness and take action on breast health and breast cancer so as to empower women to commit to lifelong breast health. Strategy/Tactics: The club executed its strategy through three pillars: 1) hospital-based comprehensive breast cancer care services, 2) community-based breast cancer education programs and 3) partnership with local and international organizations. The theme is “You can prevent the preventable; you can check for early detection; you can survive with effective treatment” with an aim to encourage women to play an active role in their own health. Program/Policy process: As part of a comprehensive approach to breast health, “one stop” hospital-based program provides breast health education on basic breast health and breast cancer facts, teaching breast self-exam, personal risk assessment and advise on risk reduction and to make healthy life choices. Interdisciplinary breast clinic provides clinical breast exam, state-of-the art breast imaging, diagnostic evaluation, referral for surgical and treatment options and patient family education. A training-of-trainers workshop on breast health was conducted for the hospital staff to facilitate program participants in turn to educate other club members and women in the local community. The club was launched in October Breast Cancer Awareness Month campaign held in October 2017 at PHSH. As a strategic partnership supported Shwe Yaung Hnin Si Cancer Foundation to host the World Cancer Day 2018 Community Cancer Awareness campaign held in Yangon. Outcomes: The number of club members increased to (282) within five months. Among the members, (204) women are from the community including family members of breast cancer patients, office staff, industry workers, and housewives reflecting the various socioeconomic status. The outcome was encouraging given that 60% of members are below the age of 40. What was learned: Community outreach breast cancer education programs combined with access to hospital-based services at affordable prices enhanced interest in club membership. The hospital-based strategy readily provides healthy women the facilities for early diagnosis and prompt access to quality care without any delays. Partnership with other advocacy groups accelerated the club process.
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Kissal, Aygul, Bahtisen Kartal, and Oznur Cetin. "The Determination of Knowledge, Applications and Health Beliefs of Third- and Fourth-Grade Nursing Students Regarding Breast Self-Exam." Journal of Breast Health 13, no. 1 (January 3, 2017): 10–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5152/tjbh.2016.3207.
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Marshall, Holly N., and Donna M. Plecha. "Setting Up an Abbreviated Breast MRI Program: Our Two-year Implementation Experience." Journal of Breast Imaging 2, no. 6 (August 12, 2020): 603–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jbi/wbaa060.
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Abstract Mammography is the long-standing screening tool for detecting breast cancer. Breast MRI is the most sensitive screening modality; however, it has been reserved for patients who are at an increased risk of developing breast cancer. Abbreviated breast MRI (AB-MRI) overcomes the limitations of cost and scanner time when considering screening patients at average or slightly elevated risk. This paper discusses the practical considerations for implementing an AB-MRI program on many levels, after our two-year experience. One of the first steps in introducing an AB-MRI program, since there is no standardized protocol, is determining and implementing a protocol. Since there is no Current Procedural Terminology code for an AB-MRI, a self-pay charge should be established. Adjusting MRI scheduling templates to accommodate the 10-minute AB-MRI exam is helpful. Communication with the breast team and the education of referring physicians is a key step to ensure awareness of a new screening option. As the AB-MRI program is incorporated into a practice, auditing of routine screening outcomes several months after commencement is invaluable to the continued success of the program.
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Rosas, Steven L., Mark E. Deyo-Svendsen, Rachel Z. Oldfather, Michael R. Phillips, T. Andrew Israel, and Emily R. Weisenbeck. "Gynecomastia in a Patient Taking Meloxicam—A Case Report." Journal of Primary Care & Community Health 11 (January 2020): 215013272095262. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2150132720952622.
Full textAbstract:
Gynecomastia is benign enlargement of glandular tissue in the male breast. It occurs due to an imbalance of estrogen and testosterone. It may be unilateral or bilateral. Physiologic gynecomastia commonly occurs in infants and during puberty and is self-limited. Gynecomastia may affect up to 50% of adult men over age 50 years old and can be related to underlying medical illness or caused by certain medications. Known causative agents include anti-androgenic and estrogenic drugs. Probable agents include alcohol and anti-ulcer, psychoactive, and antiretroviral medications. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are not commonly associated with the development of gynecomastia. This case presents an instance in which the NSAID, meloxicam, was the only identified variable in a patient who developed unilateral gynecomastia. His breast tenderness and abnormal exam resolved spontaneously within 4 weeks of cessation of meloxicam therapy.
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Caron, Olivier, Thierry Frébourg, Emmanuelle Bourbouloux, Valérie Bonadona, Véronique Mari, Christine Maugard, François Eisinger, et al. "Evaluation of whole body MRI for early detection of cancers in subjects with germ-line TP53 mutation (Li-Fraumeni syndrome)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 31, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2013): TPS1607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2013.31.15_suppl.tps1607.
Full textAbstract:
TPS1607 Background: The TP53 germline mutation carriers have a huge increase of cancer risk. The cancer spectrum is particularly broad (breast, sarcoma, brain tumour, leukaemia, …). The clinical management of these people is challenging, mainly concerning sarcoma screening. Moreover, some data let speculate that normal cells of these carriers are particular hypersensitive to X-rays. Among major breakthroughs in radiology, whole-body MRI (WBMRI) may contribute to TP53 carriers surveillance. In order to update the french guidelines on Li-Fraumeni families management, the LIFSCREEN study ( NCT01464086 ) was designed to assess its usefulness in France. Methods: This open, randomized, multicentric trial will evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of two screening schemes, avoiding irradiating exams. In the standard arm, people undergo clinical exam, abdominal sonography, brain MRI, Complete Blood Count, breast MRI, breast sonography, depending on the age) at inclusion, Month 12, Month 24, and a study visit at Month 36. In the experimental arm, people included undergo the same scheme, completed by a diffusion WBMRI at M0, M12, M24. At each round, quality of life and psychological impact will be assessed by self-questionnaires and semi-structured qualitative interviews. In an ancillary study, serums will be collected at each step. Subjects meeting these criteria are eligible: any TP53 germline mutation carrier, with or without personal cancer history, aged >5 and <71. A hundred people will be enrolled and randomized. The primary objective is to assess the efficiency of each scheme, evaluated by the cancer incidence at 3 years. Notably, sensitivity and specificity of each exam will be studied. As a secondary objective, the acceptability of each scheme will be assessed by quality of life / psychological questionnaires interpretation (SF-36, HADS, TAS 20, CBCL, CDI, R-CMAS, depending on subject’s age). Recruitment began in December, 2011. To date, 32 patients have been enrolled on 8 french study sites. The study will soon be implemented in another 12 sites. This academic study is, to our knowledge, the first randomized trial on this topic, and supported by the french “Ligue contre le cancer.” Clinical trial information: NCT01464086.
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Carter, Jeanne, Sally Saban, Ashley Arkema, Deborah J. Goldfrank, and Shari Beth Goldfarb. "Breast cancer patients in a female sexual medicine and women’s health program: A cross-sectional retrospective study." Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, no. 31_suppl (November 1, 2019): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2019.37.31_suppl.8.
Full textAbstract:
8 Background: Cancer treatment impacts sexual health and QOL with symptoms of vulvovaginal dryness, dyspareunia, and sexual dysfunction. There are limited data on specific sexual changes in patients with varying treatments. We examined patient-reported and exam outcomes of breast cancer patients’ initial consults at Female Sexual Medicine & Women’s Health Program (FSMWHP) at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center. Methods: We obtained a limited waiver to evaluate medical records and Female Sexual Medicine Clinic Assessment Forms (FSMCAFs) of initial consults at FSMWHP from 6/29/12–12/23/16. The FSMCAF is composed of a pelvic exam checklist, sexual function measures (Female Sexual Function Index-FSFI; Sexual Activity Questionnaire-SAQ), vulvovaginal health measures (Vaginal Assessment Scale—VAS; Vulvar Assessment Scale—VuAS), and questions about concerns. Descriptive statistics were calculated using SPSS. Results: 446 women were categorized by menopausal status and endocrine therapy. Subcohorts were: postmenopausal with aromatase inhibitors (AIs) alone (30%), tamoxifen followed by AI (22%), tamoxifen alone (16%) or no therapy (16%), and pre/peri-menopausal with tamoxifen alone (9%) or no therapy (5%). In postmenopausal women, initial consults avg. 3.3 yrs post-treatment (pre/peri avg. 1.8 yrs). Endocrine use avg. 3 yrs. across groups. 99% of postmenopausal women scored < 26.6 on FSFI, indicating sexual dysfunction (tamoxifen alone avg: 13.7; tamoxifen followed by AI avg: 10.4). Vulvovaginal dryness and severe dyspareunia were highest in postmenopausal women with endocrine exposure (AI alone: 83% and 36%; tamoxifen alone: 66% and 32%). Related exam outcomes (pH > 6.5, petechiae, vulvovaginal atrophy, minimal/no moisture) were also highest in postmenopausal women (AI alone: 30%, 13%, 78%, 89%; tamoxifen alone: 19%, 5%, 65%, 70% respectively). Conclusions: Sexual health concerns are common in breast cancer patients. Endocrine exposure and menopause can negatively impact tissue quality. Women exposed to AIs appear to have the poorest self-reported and clinical outcomes. Proactive sexual health interventions, including early counseling, are warranted in these patients.