Journal articles: 'Breede River'

1

Kirchner, J., J. H. Moolman, H. M. du Plessis, and A. G. Reynders. "Causes and Management of Salinity in the Breede River Valley, South Africa." Hydrogeology Journal 5, no. 1 (January 1997): 98–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100400050126.

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Flügel, Wolfgang-Albert. "River Salination Due to Non-Point Contribution of Irrigation Return Flow in the Breede River, Western Cape Province, South Africa." Water Science and Technology 28, no. 3-5 (August 1, 1993): 193–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1993.0420.

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DUNCAN, GRAHAM. "Two new species, two rediscoveries and a range extension in Lachenalia (Asparagaceae: Scilloideae) from southern and western South Africa." Phytotaxa 316, no. 3 (August 8, 2017): 261. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.316.3.5.

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Two recently discovered species of Lachenalia from South Africa, Lachenalia barbarae from the Overberg district of the Western Cape and Lachenalia adamii from the Bokkeveld escarpment of the Northern Cape, are described. In addition, details of the rediscovery of two species previously thought to be possibly extinct in the wild, Lachenalia martleyi from the Overberg district in the Western Cape and Lachenalia macgregoriorum from the Bokkeveld plateau in the Northern Cape, are provided, as well as a range extension for the critically endangered Lachenalia moniliformis from the Breede River Valley in the Western Cape.

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Lowe, SR, and PH Skelton. "First record of sound production by a South African minnow, Pseudobarbus burchelli (Teleostei: Cyprinidae), the Breede River redfin." African Journal of Aquatic Science 33, no. 3 (December 2008): 287–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/ajas.2008.33.3.14.626.

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Zietsman, J., L. L. Dreyer, and L. Mucina. "Floristic links between the West Coast and South Coast (South Africa) — Is the Breede River Valley a migration route?" South African Journal of Botany 74, no. 2 (April 2008): 392. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2008.01.167.

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Krige, J., L. L. Dreyer, and L. Mucina. "Floristic links between the West Coast and South Coast (South Africa) - is the Breede River Valley a migration route?" South African Journal of Botany 75, no. 2 (April 2009): 408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2009.02.071.

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Turpie, JK, and JR Goss. "Potential impacts of alternative regulatory interventions on the recreational value of angling on the Breede River estuary, South Africa." African Journal of Marine Science 36, no. 3 (July 3, 2014): 399–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/1814232x.2014.959054.

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Nyam, Y. S., J. H. Kotir, A. J. Jordaan, and A. A. Ogundeji. "Developing a Conceptual Model for Sustainable water Resource Management and Agricultural Development: the Case of the Breede River Catchment Area, South Africa." Environmental Management 67, no. 4 (January 11, 2021): 632–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-020-01399-x.

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Shelton, Jeremy M., Matthew S. Bird, Michael J. Samways, and Jenny A. Day. "Non-native rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss ) occupy a different trophic niche to native Breede River redfin (Pseudobarbus burchelli ) which they replace in South African headwater streams." Ecology of Freshwater Fish 26, no. 3 (July 16, 2016): 484–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/eff.12293.

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Rangel-Serpa, Federico, and Mauricio Torres. "Reproductive seasonality of Geophagus steindachneri Eigenmann & Hildebrand, 1922 (Perciformes: Cichlidae) in a tropical mountain river." Neotropical Ichthyology 13, no. 2 (June 2015): 421–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-20140091.

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Reproductive seasonality in tropical freshwater fishes is strongly influenced by rainfall. In lowlands, floods spill laterally to floodplains and fishes usually breed during the flooding season. In mountain rivers, floods are sudden and flush out aquatic organisms. Fishes in mountain rivers usually breed during dry seasons, what has been hypothesized as a strategy to reduce mortality due to strong floods. If that is the case, mouth-brooding fishes should suffer less from strong floods and should have more prolonged breeding seasons in mountain rivers. Here we investigated the breeding activity of a mouth-brooding cichlid (Geophagus steindachneri) in a mountain river in Colombia using three kinds of evidence: monthly variation of gonad weight, macroscopic and histological observations of the gonads, and occurrence of mouth-brooding females. Analysis was made on adults captured monthly throughout a year. The results indicate that G. steindachneri breeds during the dry season in the mountain river studied. Female mouth brooding was related with a halt in the maturation of their ovaries. Other factors than the flushing-out effect of floods on offspring may be determining dry-season breeding of fishes in tropical mountain rivers.

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Cohen, Julia Clarinda Paiva, David Roy Fitzjarrald, Flávio Augusto Farias D'Oliveira, Ivan Saraiva, Illelson Rafael da Silva Barbosa, Adilson Wagner Gandu, and Paulo Afonso Kuhn. "Radar-observed spatial and temporal rainfall variability near the Tapajós-Amazon confluence." Revista Brasileira de Meteorologia 29, spe (December 2014): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0102-778620130058.

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Standard Amazonian rainfall climatologies rely on stations preferentially located near river margins. River breeze circulations that tend to suppress afternoon rainfall near the river and enhance it inland are not typically considered when reporting results. Previous studies found surprising nocturnal rainfall maxima near the rivers in some locations. We examine spatial and temporal rainfall variability in the Santarém region of the Tapajós-Amazon confluence, seeking to describe the importance of breeze effects on afternoon precipitation and defining the areal extent of nocturnal rainfall maxima.We used three years of mean S band radar reflectivity from Santarém airport with a Z-R relationship appropriate for tropical convective conditions. These data were complemented by TRMM satellite rainfall estimates. Nocturnal rainfall was enhanced along the Amazon River, consistent with the hypothesis that these are associated with the passage of instability lines, perhaps enhanced by local channeling and by land breeze convergence. In the daytime, two rainfall bands appear in mean results, along the east bank of the Tapajós River and to the south of the Amazon River, respectively.

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Hamadou, Issa, Nassim Moula, Seyni Siddo, Moumouni Issa, Hamani Marichatou, Pascal Leroy, and Nicolas Antoine-Moussiaux. "Valuing breeders' preferences in the conservation of the Koundoum sheep in Niger by multi-attribute analysis." Archives Animal Breeding 62, no. 2 (September 9, 2019): 537–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/aab-62-537-2019.

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Abstract. This study characterises farmer's preferences for breeding rams and tackles their willingness to contribute to the Koundoum sheep conservation programme through their quantified appreciation of the main phenotypic features of the sheep breed in the region. The Koundoum is the main wool sheep of Niger and shows a remarkable adaptation to the environment of the Niger River valley. In Tillabéri region, i.e. the Koundoum sheep's area of origin, the proportional piling tool is first used in 11 focus group discussions of breeders to determine the main selection criteria of breeding rams. The multi-attribute analysis method is then applied with 168 sheep owners. The econometric estimation of the utility function of breeders is conducted with a conditional logit model and the marginal willingness to pay is calculated. The results reveal a strong rejection by the breeders of characteristics like wool and black-coloured coat and thus shows the poor acceptability of an in situ conservation programme. Few breeders with a particular concern for the breed's conservation for cultural motives may nevertheless join such a conservation programme that should mainly be based on ex situ strategies.

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Boymurodov, Kh, and S. Suyarov. "Bivalve mollusk fauna and ecological groups of Unionidae and Corbiculidae families in natural and artificial reservoirs of Uzbekistan." E3S Web of Conferences 265 (2021): 01014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126501014.

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The length of the rivers in Uzbekistan and the presence of all the biotopes in the mollusks have made they a favourable reservoir for the mollusks. However, it should be noted that all species in the rivers differ in their density. Rivers and fishery farms play a great role in formation of bivalve mollusks fauna in the canals. It was studied the fishery farms of the Syrdarya River and its surroundings have a major effect on the fauna of the Mirzachul and South Mirzachul canals; the Zarafshan River’s effect on spreading of bivalve mollusks in the Dargom and Eskiankhor canals; the Amudarya River and its surrounding areas influence of fishery farms on the fauna of the Amu-Bukhara, Kizketgan and Karshi main canals. Colletopterum family breeds in the water studied, do not show any superiority in natural or artificial reservoirs compared to other breeds. Three species of these family are included in the Red Book of the Republic of Uzbekistan (C.baсtrianum, C. cyreum sogdianum, C. kokandicum). C. Bactrianum can be found only in rivers in the middle Zarafshan and Amudarya, in the Syrdarya river (Syrdarya Region only), in the reservoir and in the fishery farms only in Chelak, and the canals only in the Tuyatortar and Mirzachul canals.

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14

Crossman, G. K., and R. E. Walsh. "Buying and selling the sport horse." BSAP Occasional Publication 35 (2006): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263967x00042543.

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AbstractThe sport horse industry in Great Britain is fragmented and serendipitous. However, there are many opportunities available for it to develop and grow. The research this paper is based upon was carried out in conjunction with British Breeding, to improve and develop the marketing of the British sport horse. The research was carried out through an online questionnaire (a paper version was also available) and semi-structured interviews. Both research methods contained questions aimed specifically at breeders or buyers, as well as general questions. Once the data had been collected it was analysed to discover where any trends, relationships or discrepancies existed between the groups. Recommendations were then formulated. Specifically, this paper considers the profiles of breeders and buyers of the sport horse, the reasons for breeding horses or ponies, the characteristics of horses valued by breeders and buyers and the methods of sale and purchase used. The significant difference between the horse purchase price of different categories of buyers, for example the leisure rider and professional rider, or eventers and show jumpers, are discussed. Profitability in relation to the reasons people breed horses or ponies is analysed. The definition of the sport horse is also examined. In conclusion, there is much work that needs to be completed to enable the sport horse industry in this country to be fully understood, from both the perspective of the breeder or producer and the buyer. However, there are opportunities available for the British sport horse industry to move forward.

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15

Kralj, Jelena, Miloš Martinović, Tomica Rubinić, Davor Krnjeta, and Luka Jurinović. "Dynamics of Common Sterna hirundo and Little Tern Sternula albifrons populations along the Sava River in North-western Croatia between 2002 and 2019." Acrocephalus 40, no. 180-181 (November 1, 2019): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/acro-2019-0002.

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AbstractBetween 2002 and 2019, monitoring of Common Tern Sterna hirundo and Little Tern Sternula albifrons along the Sava River near Zagreb, Croatia was conducted. Natura 2000 site “Sava kod Hrušćice” was designated to protect colony at river islands, with estimated population sizes of 100–150 pairs of Common and 20 pairs of the Little Tern. Flooding of the colony caused breeding failure in several years. Common Terns moved to breed on islands in gravel pits with a total population around 150 pairs, while Little Tern did not breed after 2010. In the last few years, terns have not bred at Hrušćica and the only colony inside the Natura 2000 site is situated on a breeding platform at Siromaja gravel pit. Channelling of rivers and hydropower plants are the main threats, changing natural dynamics of water level and causing reduction of gravel sediment in rivers.

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16

Menon, Ramesh, Anand B. Patel, and Chaitanya Joshi. "Comparative analysis of SNP candidates in disparate milk yielding river buffaloes using targeted sequencing." PeerJ 4 (July 7, 2016): e2147. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.2147.

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River buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) milk plays an important role in economy and nutritious diet in several developing countries. However, reliable milk-yield genomic markers and their functional insights remain unexposed. Here, we have used a target capture sequencing approach in three economically important buffalo breeds namely:Banni, JafrabadiandMehsani, belonging to either high or low milk-yield group. Blood samples were collected from the milk-yield/breed balanced group of 12 buffaloes, and whole exome sequencing was performed using Roche 454 GS-FLX Titanium sequencer. Using an innovative approach namely,MultiCom; we have identified high-quality SNPs specific for high and low-milk yield buffaloes. Almost 70% of the reported genes in QTL regions ofmilk-yieldandmilk-fatin cattle were present among the buffalo milk-yield gene candidates. Functional analysis highlighted transcriptional regulation category in the low milk-yield group, and several new pathways in the two groups. Further, the discovered SNP candidates may account for more than half of mammary transcriptome changes in high versus low-milk yielding cattle. Thus, starting from the design of a reliable strategy, we identified reliable genomic markers specific for high and low-milk yield buffalo breeds and addressed possible downstream effects.

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Dahl, Chris, Stephen J. Richards, and Vojtech Novotny. "The Sepik River (Papua New Guinea) is not a dispersal barrier for lowland rain-forest frogs." Journal of Tropical Ecology 29, no. 6 (September 11, 2013): 477–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467413000527.

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Abstract:Major tropical rivers have been suggested to be important dispersal barriers that increase the beta diversity of animal communities in lowland rain forests. We tested this hypothesis using assemblages of frogs in the floodplains of the Sepik River, a major river system in Papua New Guinea. We surveyed frogs at five sites within a continuous 150 × 500-km area of lowland rain forest bisected by the Sepik, using standardized visual and auditory survey techniques. We documented 769 frogs from 44 species. The similarity in species composition decreased with logarithm of geographical distance between the sites, which ranged from 82 to 465 km. The similarity decay did not depend on whether or not the compared sites were separated by the Sepik River or whether the species were aquatic or terrestrial breeders. Likewise, a DCA ordination of frog assemblages did not show separation of sites by the river as a significant factor explaining their composition. Our results suggest that even major rivers, such as the Sepik, may not act as dispersal barriers. Rivers may not limit the distribution of frogs and therefore have a limited effect on determining frog species abundance and assemblage structure in rain forests.

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18

Khan, W. A., T. Hussain, M. E. Babar, A. Nadeem, A. R. Awan, and F. M. M. T. Marikar. "Identification of novel single nucleotide polymorphisms in the PRKAG3 gene of Pakistani river buffalo." BULGARIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE 22, no. 3 (September 2019): 353–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.15547/bjvm.2131.

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Pakistani river buffalo is classified in five breeds out of which Kundi buffalo has been least documented. This study is designed to find single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in exonic and in-tronic regions of PRKAG3 (AMP-activated, Gamma3 non-catalytic subunit) gene in the Kundi buf-falo. The PRKAG3 gene of 95 animals each from Kundi and Nili-Ravi were sequenced for identifica-tion of novel SNPs. Comparing with the Nili Ravi breed of buffalo PRKAG3 gene, six SNP sites were identified in the Kundi buffalo. The novel SNPs found in this work can function as a genomic indicator for genetic-phenotypic relationship of PRKAG3 gene with milk and meat production in buffalo. This is the first report of SNPs in PRKAG3 gene of Kundi Buffalo.

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Ryu, Young-Hee, and Jong-Jin Baik. "Daytime Local Circulations and Their Interactions in the Seoul Metropolitan Area." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 52, no. 4 (April 2013): 784–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jamc-d-12-0157.1.

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AbstractDaytime local circulations and their interactions in the Seoul, South Korea, metropolitan area are investigated using a high-resolution mesoscale model. It is found that the urban-breeze circulation interacts strongly with other local circulations, such as sea-breeze, cross-valley, and river-breeze circulations. Inland penetration of the sea breeze is retarded in the morning when moving over the coastal urban area because of the increased surface roughness but is accelerated in the afternoon after passing through the urban area as a result of the landward-convergent flow induced by urban heat islands in the inland urban areas. In the valley region, the cross-valley circulation prevails in the morning and the urban-breeze circulation prevails in the afternoon. The mountainside urban-breeze circulation weakens because of the cross-valley circulation in the opposite direction. On the other hand, the plainside urban-breeze circulation away from the mountain increases in strength as a result of the combined effect of heating from the urban surface and subsidence heating associated with the cross-valley circulation. This strengthened urban breeze acts to inhibit penetration of the sea breeze farther inland, causing the sea breeze to stagnate in Seoul. In the vicinity of the Han River, convergence zones with strong updrafts are formed as a result of the interaction between the urban breeze and the river breeze. When the sea-breeze front encounters the strong updrafts, the vertical velocity of the front at the intersection points increases.

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Shipp, J. L., and W. S. Procunier. "Seasonal occurrence of, development of, and the influences of selected environmental factors on the larvae of Prosimulium and Simulium species of blackflies (Diptera: Simuliidae) found in the rivers of southwestern Alberta." Canadian Journal of Zoology 64, no. 7 (July 1, 1986): 1491–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z86-223.

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Larval development of Simulium arcticum Malloch (IIL-3), S. defoliarti Stone and Peterson (IIS-14.15), and S. tuberosum Lundström (FG) was documented for four rivers in southwestern Alberta from 1982 to 1984. Simulium arcticum (IIL-3) and S. tuberosum (FG) had seven instars; these two species were multivoltine with two or three generations per year, while S. defoliarti (IIS-14.15) was univoltine. Water temperature, river discharge, and turbidity were the only environmental factors of five parameters measured that were significantly correlated with the seasonal development of larvae of S. arcticum (IIL-3), S. defoliarti (IIS-14.15), S. vittatum Zetterstedt complex, S. tuberosum (FG), and Prosimulium onychodactylum Dyar and Shannon complex. Also, we speculate on the effect that food quality and quantity have on larval growth and development of blackfly species that breed in mountain rivers.

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Perrier, Charles, Françoise Daverat, Guillaume Evanno, Christophe Pécheyran, Jean-Luc Bagliniere, and Jean-Marc Roussel. "Coupling genetic and otolith trace element analyses to identify river-born fish with hatchery pedigrees in stocked Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) populations." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 68, no. 6 (June 2011): 977–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f2011-040.

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This study combines otolith trace element and genetic analyses to explore the origin of individuals when hatchery-reared fish are released into wild populations. We sampled 90 juvenile Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar ) in four rivers in Normandy (France) and in the hatchery stock. Individuals were analyzed at six microsatellite markers and their otolith elemental concentrations (14 elements) were measured using femto-second laser ablation inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Wild populations were genetically differentiated from the hatchery strain (FST ≈ 0.06). Significant differences in elemental concentrations were found among otoliths of juveniles from the four rivers and the hatchery, allowing the identification of their geographic origin (83%–100% correct assignment). Coupling genetic and trace element analyses on the same individuals provided formal evidence that hatchery-born juveniles released into the wild can migrate to the sea and return as adults to breed on natural spawning grounds. Their progeny have pure hatchery pedigrees but have otoliths typical of river-born juveniles, meaning that they can be mistaken for hatchery-raised juveniles if only genetic data are considered. The presence of hybrids also confirmed that individuals with hatchery pedigrees can breed with wild conspecifics.

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Adler, Peter H., and Peter G. Mason. "BLACK FLIES (DIPTERA: SIMULIIDAE) OF EAST-CENTRAL SASKATCHEWAN, WITH DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PEST MANAGEMENT." Canadian Entomologist 129, no. 1 (February 1997): 81–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/ent12981-1.

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AbstractA 5-year study of the black flies of east-central Saskatchewan revealed 21 species, including Simulium incognitum sp.nov. Chromosomal and ecological evidence for reproductive isolation is presented for this new species, formerly known as S. venustum Say CC4, and S. venustum Say CC. All 21 species in the study are associated with productive streams and rivers. As many as nine of these species might comprise the pest assemblage harassing livestock. The major pest, S. luggeri Nicholson and Mickel, is cytologically distinct from populations in the eastern United States on the basis of a two-step, Y-linked inversion in the IIS chromosomal arm. Simulium luggeri is the only livestock pest that breeds almost solely in large streams and rivers. The other eight probable pests breed entirely or partly in streams less than 10 m wide, often below beaver dams, suggesting that management efforts should specifically target these sites.

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SOLOVYEVA, DIANA V., PEIQI LIU, ALEXEY I. ANTONOV, ANDREY A. AVERIN, VLADIMIR V. PRONKEVICH, VALERY P. SHOKHRIN, SERGEY L. VARTANYAN, and PETER A. CRANSWICK. "The population size and breeding range of the Scaly-sided Merganser Mergus squamatus." Bird Conservation International 24, no. 4 (February 21, 2014): 393–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270913000610.

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SummaryBased on surveys during 2000–2012 and best available knowledge, we estimate the global population size of the Endangered Scaly-sided Merganser Mergus squamatus to be c.1,940 pairs (or c.4,660 birds prior to reproduction). In Russia, surveys identified the breeding range in the Sikhote-Alin mountain range and the area adjoining the lower Amur River. Particular effort was made to define the edge of the range. Breeding densities in the Sikhote-Alin were applied to un-surveyed rivers within the range to estimate overall numbers. The breeding range comprises c.7,800 km of 120 rivers: 6,800 km in Russia, 600 in China and 400 in DPR Korea. In Russia it comprises 88 rivers of both the western and eastern slopes of the Sikhote-Alin Range, and two small isolated areas, one in central Khabarovsk and the other in the Jewish Autonomous Oblast. All known and potential breeding areas were surveyed in China, where the breeding range comprises the western slope of the Changbai Mountains, and one isolated river system in the Lesser Xingan Mountains. Scaly-sided Mergansers are also assumed to breed on the eastern slope of the Changbai Mountains in DPR Korea. No recent surveys have been made there but numbers were estimated by applying densities from China to rivers with apparently suitable habitat. Detailed examination of past records suggests that an earlier claim of breeding Scaly-sided Mergansers on the Dep River was erroneous and we conclude that the breeding range never extended as far west as has been portrayed in most literature. The lack of comparable surveys previously precludes an assessment of change in population range or size, though it seems inevitable that habitat loss in China is likely to have resulted in some loss of range and numbers, particularly in Heilongjiang Province, in recent decades.

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You, Cheng, Jimmy Chi-Hung Fung, and Wai Po Tse. "Response of the Sea Breeze to Urbanization in the Pearl River Delta Region." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 58, no. 7 (July 2019): 1449–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jamc-d-18-0081.1.

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AbstractThe Pearl River delta (PRD) region has undergone rapid urbanization since the 1980s, which has had significant effects on the sea-breeze circulation in this region. Because the sea breeze plays an important role in pollutant transportation and convective initiation in the PRD region, it is meaningful to study the effects of urbanization on the sea breeze. In this study, three numerical experiments were conducted from 2 June to 31 August 2010 with land-use data from 1988, 1999, and 2010. For each simulation, characteristics of the sea breeze such as the start time, end time, intensity, height, pumping ability, and inland penetration distance were quantified. By comparing the characteristics of the sea breeze in these simulations, its response to urbanization was quantified. The results show that urbanization enhances the duration, height, and intensity of the sea breeze but blocks its inland penetration. One physical mechanism is proposed to dynamically elucidate the response of the sea breeze to urbanization. Because the urban area in the PRD region is concentrated near the coast, urbanization imposes a positive heating gradient on the coastal region and a negative heating gradient on the region farther inland. The positive heating gradient may intensify the sea breeze, and the negative heating gradient may prevent the sea breeze from propagating farther inland.

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Li, Shanshan, Ling Li, Qingkun Zeng, Jianxin Liu, and Daxi Ren. "Separation and quantification of milk casein from different buffalo breeds." Journal of Dairy Research 83, no. 3 (August 2016): 317–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022029916000455.

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Understanding the milk protein expression profile in different buffalo breeds plays an important role in improving hybrid selection and determining the effects on milk protein synthesis. The aim of this research is to compare the differences in milk protein content, composition and distribution between River buffalo and their crossbreeds for hybrid screening. Four groups of milk samples that included Nili-Ravi (N), Murrah (M), a Nili-Ravi-Murrah crossbreed (M-N), and a crossbreed of river buffalo with local swamp buffalo (C) were collected. The protein composition of the buffalo milk was determined by RP-HPLC. A gel-based proteomic approach consisting of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis coupled with mass spectrometry was utilised for the detailed protein characterisation of milk from different breeds. The results of this analysis showed that the river/swamp buffalo crossbreed (C) displayed the highest content of total protein (4·46%) and κ-casein (11·14%) but the lowest content of α-lactalbumin (6·79%). By selecting 23 different protein spots among the four types of milk that contained the most spots corresponding to κ-casein, β-casein and αs1-casein, correlations between the crossbreeds, protein polymorphism and phosphorylation could be made. The results of this study indicate that crossbreeding a swamp buffalo with a river buffalo has a notable effect on the protein content and composition that may be exploited for producing high-quality raw milk in food technology applications and dairy food production.

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Zhong, Shiyuan, John M. Leone, and Eugene S. Takle. "Interaction of the sea breeze with a river breeze in an area of complex coastal heating." Boundary-Layer Meteorology 56, no. 1-2 (July 1991): 101–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00119964.

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Sohel, Md Mahmodul Hasan, and Md Ruhul Amin. "Identification of types of buffaloes available in Kanihari buffalo pocket of Mymensingh district." Research in Agriculture Livestock and Fisheries 2, no. 1 (April 27, 2015): 109–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ralf.v2i1.23042.

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The buffaloes are reared by many races under diverse agro-climatic conditions of Bangladesh. The buffaloes of Bangladesh are mostly indigenous in origin. Both the swamp and river type buffaloes are found in Bangladesh and they can be found throughout the country. However, their concentration is higher in coastal part, Meghna-Ganga and Jamuna-Brahamaputra flood plain, subsequently forming buffalo pockets. This study was conducted to identify the types of buffaloes and the sources of breeding buffaloes in one of those buffalo pockets called Kanihari buffalo pocket situated in Mymenshing district. Direct interviewing method was used to collect the data from the owner of the buffaloes. According to the body shape, coat color and horn pattern, buffaloes of this region were categorized into different categories. Abundant natural green grasses in the river bank of old Brahammaputra gave this area as a shape of a buffalo pocket. This pocket does not have any distinct breed and the buffalo population is mostly mixed and exotic. Introduction of swamp germplasm occurred when buffalo cows are temporarily migrated to Bathan area of Sylhet. Morphometric characteristics (coat color, horn pattern and body appearance) of Type-1, Type-2 and Type-3 buffaloes are similar to Murrah group (Murrah and Nili- Ravi), Surti group and indigenous river type buffaloes, respectively. This is the first study which identifies and morphologically characterizes the buffalo population in Kanihari buffalo pocket; however, in depth genotypic study is required in order to identify the origin or breeds available in this area.Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.2(1): 109-115, April 2015

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You, Cheng, and Jimmy Chi-Hung Fung. "Characteristics of the Sea-Breeze Circulation in the Pearl River Delta Region and Its Dynamical Diagnosis." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 58, no. 4 (April 2019): 741–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jamc-d-18-0153.1.

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AbstractThe Pearl River delta (PRD) region has experienced rapid economic development since the 1980s and has become one of the world’s largest industrial zones and metropolitan areas. Previous studies have shown that the sea-breeze circulation can contribute to pollutant transportation and convective initiation, so it is useful to study the dynamic structure of the sea-breeze circulation in the PRD region. Many researchers have focused on the effects of environmental factors, such as topography, urbanization, and background wind, on the sea breeze, but most focused only on case studies and did not quantify the characteristics of the sea-breeze circulation climatologically. In this study, a sea-breeze identification metric was defined to identify sea-breeze events from WRF simulation data of 2012 and quantify their characteristics, including their start time, end time, strength, height, frequency, pumping ability, and inland-penetrating distance. The results indicate that this method works well to identify and quantify the sea-breeze events of 2012. It is found that the solenoid term, the largest positive contributor to vorticity acceleration, is mostly modulated by the temperature gradient. Therefore, the frontogenesis of the sea-breeze front is discussed in this study. The result shows that offshore background wind that increases frontogenesis is favorable to the development of the sea breeze, but it also prevents it from propagating vertically and horizontally.

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KANDA, Manabu, Osamu NISHIMURA, Tadahiro FUKUDA, Kuniyoshi TAKEUCHI, and Genji SIMIZU. "Characteristics of Penetration of Sea Breeze Front along a River." PROCEEDINGS OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING 40 (1996): 243–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/prohe.40.243.

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Hastings, I. J., D. G. Burton, A. Celli, R. D. Delaney, P. J. Fehrenbach, L. M. Howe, L. L. Larson, et al. "Canadian fusion breeder blanket program: Irradiation facilities at chalk river." Journal of Nuclear Materials 141-143 (November 1986): 1044–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-3115(86)90139-x.

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Harris, Sheila C., W. Robert Cope, Isaac Wirgin, and Eric M. Hallerman. "Population Genetic Assessment of Anadromous and Resident Striped Bass (Morone saxatilis) in the Roanoke River System, Eastern United States." Fishes 5, no. 3 (August 7, 2020): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fishes5030024.

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Striped bass is the subject of important commercial and sport fisheries in North America. The Roanoke River drainage—especially Smith Mountain Lake, Leesville Lake, and Kerr Reservoir—has popular recreational striped bass fisheries. After construction of five hydroelectric dams, populations became landlocked, declined, and have been supplemented by stocking. A key basis for responsibly augmenting populations is to characterize genetic variation and incorporate the findings into responsible hatchery and stocking practices. Genetic variation at 12 microsatellite DNA loci was evaluated among 837 striped bass representing 16 collections across the native range; populations from rivers in South Carolina, North Carolina, Chesapeake Bay, and Hudson River were screened to provide context for assessing genetic structure within the Roanoke system. Analysis of population genetic differentiation showed landlocked Roanoke River striped bass to be distinctive. Subject to genetic isolation, high M ratios, and relatively low Ne estimates suggest loss of genetic variation, and relatedness analysis showed heightened frequencies of related individuals. These insights into population genetics, demographics, and existing guidelines for broodstock acquisition and mating designs can inform genetically cognizant hatchery management and stocking for striped bass in the Roanoke River drainage. In particular, we recommend the use of larger numbers of breeders and factorial mating designs to increase the genetic diversity of propagated striped bass stocked within the Roanoke River drainage.

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Genovart, Meritxell, Lluís Jover, Xavier Ruiz, and Daniel Oro. "Offspring sex ratios in subcolonies of Audouin's gull, Larus audouinii, with differential breeding performance." Canadian Journal of Zoology 81, no. 5 (May 1, 2003): 905–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z03-069.

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At the Ebro River delta colony in the western Mediterranean Sea, Audouin's gull, Larus audouinii, breeds in discrete aggregations called subcolonies, which showed strong differences in breeding parameters such as egg volume or breeding success. Egg parameters (such as size of both eggs and clutches) are strongly influenced by food availability. As all subcolonies are in the same area, differences in egg parameters might reflect different individuals' foraging efficiency. We measured mean clutch volumes in different subcolonies and chose those subcolonies that showed the greatest differences in this measure, which should indicate differences in parental body condition. Between these subcolonies we would expect, in turn, differences in offspring sex ratios. We took blood samples at hatching and fledging from chicks at these subcolonies and compared offspring sex ratios by means of molecular sexing. The proportions of young breeders differed between these subcolonies, and the subcolony with the greater proportion of young breeders produced smaller eggs and had lower breeding success. However, we did not detect any bias in progeny sex ratio, which probably indicates that if parental condition is not extremely reduced, selective pressures are insufficient to overcome the constraints imposed by Mendelian segregation of chromosomes.

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Jones, R. Steven, and Earl J. Hess. "Banners to the Breeze: The Kentucky Campaign, Corinth, and Stones River." Journal of Military History 64, no. 4 (October 2000): 1159. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2677285.

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Theofanous, T. G., and C. R. Bell. "An Assessment of Clinch River Breeder Reactor Core Disruptive Accident Energetics." Nuclear Science and Engineering 93, no. 3 (July 1986): 215–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.13182/nse86-a17751.

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Hamlin, Christopher. "The British Experience with River Pollution, 1865-1876. Lawrence E. Breeze." Isis 85, no. 4 (December 1994): 707–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/357026.

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de Oliveira, Amauri Pereira, and David R. Fitzjarrald. "The Amazon river breeze and the local boundary layer: I. Observations." Boundary-Layer Meteorology 63, no. 1-2 (February 1993): 141–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00705380.

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Blackmore, Andrew. "Legal and Public Trust Considerations for the Ndumo Game Reserve and South Africa-Mozambique Border, following the Migration of the Usuthu River." Southern African Public Law 30, no. 2 (December 1, 2017): 347–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/2522-6800/3585.

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The Usuthu River forms part of the international boundary between South Africa and Mozambique. In 2002, this River breached its south bank within the Ndumo Game Reserve and established a new channel within the protected area. In response to the breach, Mozambique proposed the excavation of the floodplain and the establishment of berms to force the flow of the river back into its original alignment. Analysis of the origin and associated history of this portion of the international boundary indicates that it is unlikely that the international boundary has moved with the breech. Furthermore, customary international law pertaining to avulsion or mutation alvei of rivers supports the notion that the international boundary remained in the original channel of the Usuthu River. Finally, case history of a similar circumstance in Africa affirms that this boundary is unlikely to have shifted with the avulsion of the Usuthu River. The Mozambican proposal brings to the fore an array of public trust considerations which are founded in South Africa’sConstitution, and environmental and biodiversity conservation legislation. These considerations prohibit the excavation of the Ndumo Game Reserve. The concept of the state acting as a trustee for, inter alia, biodiversity and protected areas, is reinforced by various water and biodiversity-orientated multilateral agreements to which South Africa is a signatory. Within these, the ones adopted by the Southern African Development Community are the most profound in that they, and specifically the Protocol on Wildlife Conservation and Law Enforcement, enjoin state parties from taking decisions that may cause damage to the trust entity beyond the limits of their sovereignty.

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Murphy, Elaine C., Rachel J. Keedwell, Kerry P. Brown, and Ian Westbrooke. "Diet of mammalian predators in braided river beds in the central South Island, New Zealand." Wildlife Research 31, no. 6 (2004): 631. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr03033.

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In New Zealand, five of the six endemic bird species that breed primarily in South Island braided river beds are classed as threatened. A major cause of decline for these species is predation by introduced mammals, and predator-trapping programs are undertaken in the braided rivers of the Mackenzie Basin to protect them. Trapping programs carried out between September 1997 and April 2001 provided the opportunity to investigate predator diet from the gut contents of 375 cats (Felis catus), 371 ferrets (Mustela furo) and 86 stoats (Mustela erminea). As a percentage frequency of occurrence of the main prey items, cat diet consisted of lagomorphs (present in 70% of guts), birds (in 47%), lizards (30%) and invertebrates (36%). Ferret diet consisted of lagomorphs (69%) and birds (28%). Stoat diet consisted of lagomorphs (50%), birds (51%), lizards (21%) and invertebrates (23%). The frequency of occurrence of birds in all three predators was higher in the spring/summer of 1997 – immediately after rabbit haemorrhagic disease (RHD) was introduced – than in any other previous diet study on these braided rivers. This suggests that RHD did lead to increased predation pressure on birds, at least in the short term.

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Tkachova, I. V. "THE PARAMETERS OF SELECTION, THE GENEALOGICAL STRUCTURE AND METHODS OF BREEDING UKRAINIAN RIDING HORSE BREED." Scientific and Technical Bulletin of the Institute of Animal Science NAAS of Ukraine, no. 125 (2021): 205–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.32900/2312-8402-2021-125-205-216.

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The Ukrainian Riding Horse breed is the leading breed of horses in Ukraine in the direction of the sport of working capacity. A long period of breeding improvement requires the establishment of breeding parameters that will continue the breeding process, taking into account the modern needs of classical equestrian sports. Studies were conducted on the entire livestock of the breed, which is kept by breeding subjects and private owners. Quantitative indicators of the breed are established, which are: the total number of 672 heads, including breeding mares of reproductive age – 266 heads. The established parameters of breeding, according to which it is necessary to conduct further improvement of the Ukrainian Riding Horse breed: purpose-breeding horses mainly for purebred breeding, horses with universal sport activity; breeding methods-purebred by lines, crossing at the level of blood flow with the original and other sports breeds, conditional blood capacity for the original breeds - ¾, for others – ½; breeding core should be at least 800 purebred mares; the number of genealogical lines should remain at the current level – 7 or increase; number of breeding stallions in lines-not less than 5, mares – 30 heads; measurement indicators (2 – year-old age: 160-158-178-20 cm (Stallions), 157-155-177-20 cm (mares); 3-year-old age: 163-162-186-21 (Stallions), 161-160-184-20.5 cm (mares); 4 – year – old age and older: 165-165-192-21 cm (stallions), 163-163-190-20.5 cm (mares); the class of young animals at the first bonus should be: elite – 85%, 1 class – 15 % (stallions); Elite - 90%, 1 class – 10 % (mares); the average score for sports performance of 2-year-old young animals should not be lower than: 8 points (Stallions), 7 points (mares); the proportion of horses that have passed factory and Inter – factory tests of sports qualities: stud farms – 80 %; breeding loudspeakers – 70 %; height of overcoming obstacles when testing jumping qualities in freedom (without a rider): at the age of 2 years – 130 cm; at the age of 3 years – 140 cm; at the age of 4 years and older –150 cm. The given breeding parameters are justified by the results of the selection assessment of the entire recorded livestock of the Ukrainian Riding Horse breed. The genealogical structure of the breed consists of 8 lines, mainly – Hobot (24.4 %) and Bespechny (20.5 %). Highly rated for its typicality and exterior stallions line Huguenot, Bespechny and Khrustal, in terms of measurements of the body - the stallions of lines Vodopad and of Raufbold. The greatest number of mares refers to the lines Raufbold (25.1 %) and Factotum (22.0 %). The breed was 23 uterine families. The largest number of representatives in uterine families Tema, Infra II, Bilinka, Eureka, Asaliya. The top number of offspring of the highest sports class estimated breeding family of Arizona, Cathedra, Tema, Bilinka and Tina. Evaluation of models the selection of which received horses showed that most stallions – Champions of competitions at the national level and winners of international competitions obtained in the model selection with inbreeding on one ancestor: Bespechny III-III; VI, IV-IV; V, IV-II; V, IV-IV; Huguenot V-IV; Plastic V-III; Raufbold III-III. The analysis of pedigrees of horses - winners and prize-winners in competitions of the international and national level established that the majority of horses from selection were purebred and came from classical lines of the Ukrainian Riding Horse breed (52.0 %). Among the crossbred descendants of the first generation the highest number of winners of competitions at the national level obtained from crosses with Trakenen breed (61.2 %), winners of international competitions – from stallions of the Thoroughbred riding breed (14.7%).

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Yu, Yang, Shu-Hua Chen, Yu-Heng Tseng, Xinyu Guo, Jie Shi, Guangliang Liu, Chao Zhang, Yi Xu, and Huiwang Gao. "Importance of Diurnal Forcing on the Summer Salinity Variability in the East China Sea." Journal of Physical Oceanography 50, no. 3 (March 2020): 633–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-19-0200.1.

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AbstractThe impacts of diurnal atmospheric forcing on the summer salinity change in the East China Sea are investigated using the Regional Ocean Modeling System, forced by the hourly and daily reanalysis of wind and insolation. The differences between the forcing of these two frequencies reveal a dipole pattern of salinity change with a positive salinity deviation (1–2 psu) offshore of the Yangtze River estuary, and a negative deviation (from −1 to −0.5 psu) along the Jiangsu Coast. Further dye tracking experiments confirm that diurnal forcing strengthened the northwestward longshore freshwater transport (NLFT) of the Yangtze River by 5.2 × 109 m3 and reduced the mean water age of 7 days. Sensitivity experiments using different forcing combinations suggest that the diurnal wind, that is, the land–sea breeze, is the key to developing the dipole pattern of salinity change and the NLFT. Through the experiment, the land–sea breeze induced a mean clockwise circulation offshore of the Yangtze River estuary. The above changes resulted from both the nonlinearity of wind stress averaging (i.e., the square nature of wind stress) and the baroclinic adjustment related to the diurnal salinity variation, which is directly connected to the diurnal swing of the Yangtze River front. The baroclinic adjustment generated a dipole pattern of vorticity changes offshore of the Yangtze River estuary and a coherent northwestward jet current strengthening the NLFT. These processes developed the summer dipole pattern of the salinity change.

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Santos, Mercel J., David Medvigy, Maria A. F. Silva Dias, Edmilson D. Freitas, and Hyungjun Kim. "Seasonal Flooding Causes Intensification of the River Breeze in the Central Amazon." Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 124, no. 10 (May 22, 2019): 5178–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2018jd029439.

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Wei, Huang, Wang, Wang, Zhou, and Cao. "Monitoring of Urban Black-Odor Water Based on Nemerow Index and Gradient Boosting Decision Tree Regression Using UAV-Borne Hyperspectral Imagery." Remote Sensing 11, no. 20 (October 16, 2019): 2402. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11202402.

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The formation of black-odor water in urban rivers has a long history. It not only seriously affects the image of the city, but also easily breeds germs and damages the urban habitat. The prevention and treatment of urban black-odor water have long been important topics nationwide. “Action Plan for Prevention and Control of Water Pollution” issued by the State Council shows Chinese government’s high attention to this issue. However, treatment and monitoring are inextricably linked. There are few studies on the large-scale monitoring of black-odor water, especially the cases of using unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) to efficiently and accurately monitor the spatial distribution of urban river pollution. Therefore, in order to get rid of the limitations of traditional ground sampling to evaluate the point source pollution of rivers, the UAV-borne hyperspectral imagery was applied in this paper. It is hoped to grasp the pollution status of the entire river as soon as possible from the surface. However, the retrieval of multiple water quality parameters will lead to cumulative errors, so the Nemerow comprehensive pollution index (NCPI) is introduced to characterize the pollution level of urban water. In the paper, the retrieval results of six regression models including gradient boosting decision tree regression (GBDTR) were compared, trying to find a regression model for the retrieval NCPI in the current scenario. In the first study area, the retrieval accuracy of the training dataset (adjusted_R2 = 0.978), and test dataset (adjusted_R2 = 0.974) was higher than that of the other regression models. Although the retrieval effect of random forest is similar to that of GBDTR in both training accuracy and image inversion, it is more computationally expensive. Finally, the spatial distribution graphs of NCPI and its technical feasibility in monitoring pollution sources were investigated, in combination with field observations.

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Lu, Meng, and Yan Qing Nie. "Beidaihe Area Water Ecological Environment Protection." Advanced Materials Research 864-867 (December 2013): 1298–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.864-867.1298.

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This paper makes a survey on water ecological environment of Beidaihe area of China. It analyzed the main factors influencing water ecological environment, including upstream section of river water quality; ecological runoff is not enough; breed unitary and overfishing; lack specialized management institutions. This paper put forward the measures and suggestions on water ecological environment protection: establishment transregional river pollution management mechanism; strengthen wetland protected area construction; develop the publicity channels and increase public awareness of ecological protection.

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Li, Mengmeng, Zhichun Mao, Yu Song, Mingxu Liu, and Xin Huang. "Impacts of the Decadal Urbanization on Thermally Induced Circulations in Eastern China." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 54, no. 2 (February 2015): 259–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jamc-d-14-0176.1.

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AbstractSignificant urbanization has occurred in the Yangtze River Delta region of eastern China, which exerts important effects on the local thermally induced circulations through regulating the heat flux and thermal structure. Previous studies lack a correct representation of the seasonal vegetation phenology associated with urban expansion, and therefore it is difficult to accurately describe the land–atmosphere coupling. In this study, high-resolution Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) observations are used to describe the changes in land surface characteristics, including land-cover type, green vegetation fraction, and leaf area index with the Weather Research and Forecasting Model. The use of MODIS satellite observations provides a clear improvement in model performance when compared with ground-based measurements. A typical urban heat island is generated around Shanghai, Wuxi–Suzhou–Yangzhou, and cities along the Yangtze River and Hangzhou Bay, which subsequently modifies the local thermal circulations. The sea breeze is significantly enhanced over the north bank of Hangzhou Bay because of the increased land–sea temperature contrast. Several surface convergent zones are generated along the Shanghai–Suzhou–Wuxi city belt as a result of the combined effects of the urban heat island, the enhanced sea breeze, and the lake breeze at Lake Tai.

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Zhang, Xiaoqian, Steven F. DiMarco, David C. Smith, Matthew K. Howard, Ann E. Jochens, and Robert D. Hetland. "Near-Resonant Ocean Response to Sea Breeze on a Stratified Continental Shelf." Journal of Physical Oceanography 39, no. 9 (September 1, 2009): 2137–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2009jpo4054.1.

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Abstract The spatial structure and temporal characteristics of sea breeze and the associated coastal ocean response in the northwest Gulf of Mexico are investigated using moored instruments, hydrographic stations, and wind measurements. Near the study area of 30°N, motions in the diurnal–inertial band (DIB) may be significantly enhanced by a near-resonant condition between local inertial and diurnal forcing frequencies. Wavelet analysis is used to quantify the results. Results indicate that diurnal sea-breeze variability peaks in summer and extends at least 300 km offshore with continuous seaward phase propagation. The maximum DIB oceanic response occurs in June when there is a shallow mixed layer, strong stratification, and an approximately 10-day period of continuous sea-breeze forcing. DIB current variance decreases in July and August as the consequence of the deepening of the mixed layer and a more variable phase relationship between the wind and current. River discharge varies interannually and can significantly alter the oceanic response during summer. The “great flood” of the Mississippi River in 1993 deepened the summer mixed layer and reduced the sea-breeze response during that year. Vertically, DIB currents are surface intensified, with a first baroclinic modal structure. The significance of these DIB motions on the shelf is that they can provide considerable vertical mixing in summer, as seen by the suppression of the bulk Richardson number (by a factor of 30) during strong DIB events. This provides a potential mechanism to ventilate seasonally occurring near-bottom hypoxic waters of the coastal ocean.

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Kuziv, M. I. "External characteristics adults cows of ukrainian black and white dairy breed." Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 19, no. 74 (March 3, 2017): 80–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/nvlvet7418.

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The results of the evaluation exterior of the animals Ukrainian black and white dairy cattle in the western region of Ukraine. Studies conducted on animals Ukrainian black and white dairy cattle in the «Milk River» farm in the Sokal and Brody offices breeding reproducers «Breeder» Lviv region and plant breeding «Yamnytsya» Ivano-Frankivsk region. Exterior animals was assessed by measurement of body articles. By value measurements calculated indices of body structure cows. Weight-size factor determined by the formula D.T. Vinnychuka and P.N. Merezhko. The results of research were treated by variational statistics G.F. Lakin. Adults cows of Ukrainian black and white dairy breed for exterior fit the type of dairy animals. Measurements body cows are: height at the withers – 135,6–136,5 depth of chest – 75,1–77,1 width chest – 46,2–48,6, chest girth for by shoulder – 197,0–201,2, oblique body length – 161,4–163,6 width in clubs – 54,5–57,2 girth metacarpus – 19,1–19,5 cm. By oblique trunk length and girth metacarpus, and in the «Milk River» farm Sokal offices and plant breeding «Yamnytsya» also for girth at breast for by blades are dominated by target parameters for the desired type of animal. By other body measurements investigated cows do not reach target parameters for the desired type of animal. Further breeding work with this array of animals should be directed to increase the linear dimensions of the body, with particular attention paid to the width of the chest. Indices body structure cows in farms of different characteristic type of dairy animals. Surround dimensions of the animals constituted 494,9–501,4 cm weight-size factor – 1,08–1,15. In cows of all farms the ratio of live weight and measurements body was typical for relatively stretched animals.

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Freitas, Nayra F. Q. R., Carlos M. C. Oliveira, Rômulo C. Leite, Jenner K. P. Reis, Fernanda G. Oliveira, Henrique dos A. Bomjardim, Felipe M. Salvarani, and José Diomedes Barbosa. "Equine infectious anemia on Marajo Island at the mouth of the Amazon river." Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 35, no. 12 (December 2015): 947–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-736x2015001200002.

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Abstract: Equine infectious anemia (EIA) is a transmissible and incurable disease caused by a lentivirus, the equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV). There are no reports in the literature of this infection in Equidae on Marajo Island. The objective of this study was to diagnose the disease in the municipalities of Cachoeira do Arari, Salvaterra, Santa Cruz do Arari and Soure, on Marajó Island, state of Pará, Brazil. For serological survey samples were collected from 294 horses, over 5-month-old, males and females of puruca and marajoara breeds and from some half-breeds, which were tested by immunodiffusion in Agar gel (AGID). A prevalence of 46.26% (136/294) positive cases was found. EIA is considered endemic in the municipalities studied, due to the ecology of the region with a high numbered population of bloodsucking insect vectors and the absence of official measures for the control of the disease.

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Rinca, Korbinianus Feribertus, Joko Prastowo, Dwi Priyo Widodo, and Yudhi Ratna Nugraheni. "Trematodiasis occurrence in cattle along the Progo River, Yogyakarta, Indonesia." Veterinary World 12, no. 4 (April 2019): 593–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2019.593-597.

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Aim: This study aimed to measure the occurrence of trematodiasis in cattle along the Progo River, a district of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The findings help to establish the magnitude of the disease and encourage prevention and treatment of this condition. Materials and Methods: Trematode eggs were extracted from 100 fecal samples collected from cattle. The eggs were examined using the sedimentation technique, and the method of Parfitt and Banks was used to differentiate Paramphistomum spp. eggs from Fasciola spp. eggs. Results: The infection rate of trematode parasites was 50%. Cattle experienced multiple infections of both Paramphistomum spp. and Fasciola spp., as well as single infections of one species or the other. All breeds were vulnerable to infections of both trematode species, although different cattle breeds, including Peranakan Ongole crossbreeds, Simmental crossbreeds, and Limousin crossbreeds, showed differences in infection rate. The highest rate of infection with Paramphistomum spp. (15.78%) occurred in the Simmental crossbreeds. The highest rate of infection (31.57%) with Fasciola spp. was in the Peranakan Ongole crossbreeds. Multiple infections of both Paramphistomum spp. and Fasciola spp. were highest in Simmental crossbreed cattle (28.97%). Conclusion: The high infection rates of trematode parasites found in fecal samples, particularly of Fasciola spp., indicate that the cattle along the Progo River in Indonesia experience a high rate of trematodiasis disease.

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Vazic, Bozo, Biljana Rogic, Milanka Drinic, and Nebojsa Savic. "Polymorphism of Pramenka sheep hemoglobin in Central Bosnia." Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Belgrade 60, no. 3 (2015): 315–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jas1503315v.

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The study of the hemoglobin polymorphism was performed on blood samples, taken from areas inhabited by Pramenka sheep in Central Bosnia: the area of the mountain Vlasic, the upper flow of the river Vrbas and Kupres plateau. Dupska pramenka sheep inhabits the mountain Vlasic and the areas of surrounding municipalities. Privorska pramenka sheep inhabits the area around the upper flow of the river Vrbas and the mountain Vranica and Kupreska pramenka sheep inhabits Kupres plateau. HbA gene frequency was 0.31 and HbB gene frequency was 0.69 for Dupska pramenka sheep. Privorska pramenka sheep had a frequency of 0.33 for the HbA gene, and 0.67 for the HbB gene, in its population. Kupreska pramenka sheep had the lowest frequency of the HbA gene, (0.30), and therefore the maximum frequency of the HbB gene. Hemoglobin genotype frequencies for all investigated types of Pramenka sheep breed are in equilibrium. Investigated types of Pramenka sheep breed inhabit areas adjacent to each other. They are phenotypically quite similar and have a similar frequency of genotype polymorphism of hemoglobin. The difference between them is not statistically significant.

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Matos, Abner Pinheiro de, and Júlia Clarinda Paiva Cohen. "CIRCULAÇÃO DE BRISA FLUVIAL E A BANDA DE PRECIPITAÇÃO NA MARGEM LESTE DA BAÍA DE MARAJÓ." Ciência e Natura 38 (July 20, 2016): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/2179460x19814.

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The precipitation in Belem region is mainly due the large atmospheric systems such as ITCZ and mesoscale systems like the Instability Lines. Beside these systems, there are convective systems forced locally which also promote precipitation in this region. This paper studies a convective system, observed for first time during the campaign of the RAIN project, which is called Micro Instability Line Fluvial (MLF) because its formation is associated with river breeze circulation. The GOES 12 satellite data, radar band X, anemometer, rain gauges, disdrometer, and NCEP reanalyzes were used to study this MLF. High-resolution numerical simulation with the BRAMS model was made for this MLF, using two grids with horizontal resolution of 3 km and 1 km. The simulation results showed that the MLF was formed by river breeze from the Marajo Bay, causing precipitation since the early stages in Belem area until this MLF was on the west bank of the Marajo bay. During its propagation westward, this MLF had increased its intensity, which was maximum over the Bay of Marajo, where there is intense transportation of cargo and passengers, and shipwrecks are the most frequent type of accidents.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Breede River'

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