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Journal articles on the topic 'Breeding tools'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2025

Last updated: 23 June 2025

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1

Depauw, R. M., R. E. Knox, D. G. Humphreys, et al. "New breeding tools impact Canadian commercial farmer fields." Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding 47, Special Issue (2011): S28—S34. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/3250-cjgpb.

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The high cost of cultivar development encourages efficiencies to reduce time and costs to develop cultivars. Doubled haploid (DH) technology and marker assisted breeding (MAB) are two such tools that improve efficiencies. Since 1997, twenty five wheat cultivars in seven market classes, developed using DH methods, have been registered by the Canadian Food Inspection Agency. These DH cultivars accounted for more than one third of the Canadian wheat acreage in 2009. The DH cultivar Lillian, eligible for grades of Canada Western Red Spring class and currently the most widely grown wheat cultivar in Canada, was developed using MAB to improve grain protein content with the Gpc-B1/Yr36 on chromosome 6BS introgressed from Triticum turgidum&nbsp;L. (Zhuk.) dicoccoides (K&ouml;rn. Ex Asch. &amp; Graebn). AC Andrew, a Canada Western Soft White spring DH cultivar, was the most widely grown cultivar in its class for the last two years. The new market class, Canada Western Hard White Spring wheat, is based entirely on DH cultivars. Goodeve, one of the first Canada Western Red Spring cultivars released with the gene Sm1 on chromosome 2BS for resistance to the orange wheat blossom midge (Sitodiplosis mosellana (G&eacute;hin)) was selected by application of the DNA marker WM1. Glencross, the first cultivar in the Canada Western Extra Strong wheat class with Sm1, was selected using the WM1 marker on haploid plants prior to doubling. Development of the durum wheat cultivars CDC Verona and Brigade involved the use of a marker for Cdu1, a major gene on chromosome 5B that regulates grain cadmium concentration. Marker technology permits a more strategic and integrated approach to breeding by quantifying the introgression of various key genes into advanced breeding material, identifying targeted loci in parents and following up with MAB in the progeny.

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2

Abd-Elsalam, Kamel A. "Nanodiagnostic Tools in Plant Breeding." Journal of Nanotechnology and Materials Science 2, no. 2 (2015): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.15436/2377-1372.14.e004.

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3

A Abd-Elsalam, Kamel, and Mousa A. Alghuthaymi. "Nanodiagnostic Tools in Plant Breeding." Journal of Nanotechnology and Materials Science 2, no. 2 (2015): 32–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.15436/2377-1372.15.e004.

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4

YAHIRO, Yoshiteru. "New tools for plant breeding." Food Hygiene and Safety Science (Shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi) 30, no. 5 (1989): 351–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3358/shokueishi.30.351.

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5

Wallin, A., H. Skjöldebrand, and M. Nyman. "PROTOPLASTS AS TOOLS IN FRAGARIA BREEDING." Acta Horticulturae, no. 348 (August 1993): 414–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1993.348.82.

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6

Schulman, Alan H. "Genomics tools for accelerating plant breeding." Suomen Maataloustieteellisen Seuran Tiedote, no. 28 (January 31, 2012): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.33354/smst.75613.

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Plant breeding is facing simultaneous challenges from a changing climate, increasing prices for nonrenewable inputs, and evolving consumer demands. Biotic and abiotic stresses are increasing with climate change; sustainable and stable production will require higher yields with lower inputs; consumers expect health-promoting, safe and traceable food. To meet these challenges, breeding requires more efficient tools with which to unlock and apply existing genetic diversity, to understand the relationship between genotype and phenotype, and to apply the approaches of biotechnology where appropriate. The growing genomics toolbox, based on genome projects for crop plants, offers much promise for acceleration of plant breeding. Here, these approaches will be explored with an emphasis on barley and wheat, which are the key cereal crops of Europe.

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7

Khosa, Jiffinvir S., John McCallum, Ajmer S. Dhatt, and Richard C. Macknight. "Enhancing onion breeding using molecular tools." Plant Breeding 135, no. 1 (2015): 9–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/pbr.12330.

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8

Martin-Collado, D., C. Díaz, G. Benito-Ruiz, D. Ondé, A. Rubio, and T. J. Byrne. "Measuring farmers' attitude towards breeding tools: the Livestock Breeding Attitude Scale." Animal 15, no. 2 (2021): 100062. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.animal.2020.100062.

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9

Williams, Krystal, Mayavan Subramani, Lily W. Lofton, Miranda Penney, Antonette Todd, and Gulnihal Ozbay. "Tools and Techniques to Accelerate Crop Breeding." Plants 13, no. 11 (2024): 1520. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants13111520.

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As climate changes and a growing global population continue to escalate the need for greater production capabilities of food crops, technological advances in agricultural and crop research will remain a necessity. While great advances in crop improvement over the past century have contributed to massive increases in yield, classic breeding schemes lack the rate of genetic gain needed to meet future demands. In the past decade, new breeding techniques and tools have been developed to aid in crop improvement. One such advancement is the use of speed breeding. Speed breeding is known as the application of methods that significantly reduce the time between crop generations, thereby streamlining breeding and research efforts. These rapid-generation advancement tactics help to accelerate the pace of crop improvement efforts to sustain food security and meet the food, feed, and fiber demands of the world’s growing population. Speed breeding may be achieved through a variety of techniques, including environmental optimization, genomic selection, CRISPR-Cas9 technology, and epigenomic tools. This review aims to discuss these prominent advances in crop breeding technologies and techniques that have the potential to greatly improve plant breeders’ ability to rapidly produce vital cultivars.

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10

Muntean, Leon, Andreea Ona, Ioana Berindean, Ionuț Racz, and Sorin Muntean. "Maize Breeding: From Domestication to Genomic Tools." Agronomy 12, no. 10 (2022): 2365. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12102365.

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Maize will continue to expand and diversify as an industrial resource and a feed and fuel crop in the near future. The United Nations estimate that in 2050 the global population will reach 9.7 billion people. In this context, food security is increasingly being discussed. Additionally, another threat to food security is global warming. It is predicted that both the quantity and the quality of crops will be seriously affected by climate change in the near future. Scientists and breeders need to speed up the process of creating new maize cultivars that are resistant to climate stress without diminishing yield or quality. The present paper provides a brief overview of some of the most important genomics tools that can be used to develop high-performance and well-adapted hybrids of maize and also emphasizes the contribution of bioinformatics to an advanced maize breeding. Genomics tools are essential for a precise, fast, and efficient breeding of crops especially in the context of climate challenges. Maize breeders are able now to develop new cultivars with better traits more easily as a result of the new genomic approaches, either by aiding the selection process or by increasing the available diversity through precision breeding procedures. Furthermore, the use of genomic tools may in the future represent a way to accelerate the processes of de novo domestication of the species.

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11

C.M. Dekkers, Jack. "Application of Genomics Tools to Animal Breeding." Current Genomics 13, no. 3 (2012): 207–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138920212800543057.

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12

M. Perez-de-Castro, A., S. Vilanova, J. Canizares, et al. "Application of Genomic Tools in Plant Breeding." Current Genomics 13, no. 3 (2012): 179–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138920212800543084.

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13

Barnabás, B., Z. Pónya, and F. Bakos. "Plant gametes as tools for molecular breeding." Acta Agronomica Hungarica 50, no. 3 (2002): 295–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/aagr.50.2002.3.7.

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Sexual reproduction plays an essential role in the propagation of Angiosperms. Fertilisation takes place in the embryo sac, which is usually deeply encased in the sporophytic tissues of the ovule. In contrast to animals and primitive plants, the mechanism of egg cell activation in flowering plants has not been discovered fully because of the inaccessibility and complexity of the process of double fertilisation. However, recent advances in plant cell and molecular biology have brought new, powerful technologies to investigate and micromanipulate the reproductive cells of flowering plants including cereal crops. An experimental approach based on various micromanipulation techniques involving in vitro fertilisation (IVF) and microinjection procedures is now available in more and more laboratories. Despite some limitations this offers new possibilities to study cellular and subcellular events preceding or occurring during or after egg cell activation and early embryonic development. Recent achievements in the field of wheat egg cell micromanipulation are presented in this paper.

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14

Millan, Teresa, Heather J. Clarke, Kadambot H. M. Siddique, et al. "Chickpea molecular breeding: New tools and concepts." Euphytica 147, no. 1-2 (2006): 81–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10681-006-4261-4.

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15

Pavese, V., A. Moglia, A. Acquadro, et al. "Development of biotechnological tools for hazelnut breeding." Acta Horticulturae, no. 1379 (October 2023): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2023.1379.7.

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16

Pahomova, Antonina, Sándor Halász, Galina Zelenkova, and Alexander Pakhomov. "Development of management tools in the context of NBIC convergence." E3S Web of Conferences 217 (2020): 06002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202021706002.

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The greatest success in improving the breeding and productive qualities of Hereford cattle can be achieved through the use of high-value breeding bulls. The role of producers at the modern stages of beef cattle breeding has increased dramatically, so the evaluation of bulls by the quality of offspring has become an important breeding event to improve and create highly productive herds of beef cattle. At the same time, the use of bulls that are predisposed to various diseases or the deterioration of their offspring can cause irreparable negative consequences for beef cattle breeding. In the course of research work in the conditions of the farm, studies were conducted to assess the quality of bulls-producers of the Hereford breed of cattle. Evaluation of Hereford bulls by the quality of offspring in farm conditions will increase the efficiency of herd reproduction technology in beef cattle breeding, allow rational use of bulls, get a high yield of calves (90-95%), organize the accuracy of accounting for the origin of young animals, increase the level of breeding work to improve the productive, breeding qualities of animals and create highly productive herds of Hereford cattle in a shorter time.

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17

Prajapati, Niraj Kumar, Ramesh Chand Meena, Pradeep Kumar, Kajol Chand, Pankaj Kumar, and Sanjay Kumar. "Cabbage breeding tools for biotic and abiotic resistance." Romanian journal of Horticulture 5 (December 13, 2024): 23–32. https://doi.org/10.51258/rjh.2024.03.

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Cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) is an important vegetable crop grown globally for its nutritional value and economic importance. However, cabbage production faces significant challenges from various biotic and abiotic stresses, including pests, diseases, and environmental factors such as drought, heat, and salinity. Developing cabbage cultivars with improved resistance to these stresses is crucial for sustainable and productive agriculture. This review article examines the latest breeding tools and approaches used to enhance biotic and abiotic stress resistance in cabbage. It explores traditional breeding methods, marker-assisted selection, genetic engineering, genome editing techniques like CRISPR/Cas9, and emerging technologies such as genomic selection and speed breeding. Furthermore, the article discusses the integration of -omics approaches, including genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, to accelerate the development of stress-resistant cabbage cultivars. The study also highlights the importance of incorporating farmer preferences and participatory breeding strategies to ensure the adoption and success of these improved cabbage cultivars.

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18

Lashermes, P. "Breeding tools for durable resistance to nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) of coffee varieties." Plant Protection Science 38, SI 2 - 6th Conf EFPP 2002 (2017): 717–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/10598-pps.

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Coffee is one of the world’s largest traded commodities, produced in over 60 countries. Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) have become a major threat in all major coffee-growing areas. So far, more than fifteen species of Meloidogyne have been reported as pathogens of coffee (Coffea arabica L.). Nematocide treatments are only effective in the short term, expensive and environmentally hazardous. Growing nematode-resistant coffee trees constitutes so far the most promising option to control the pest. During the last decade, resistance to root-knot nematode have been identified in spontaneous accessions and relative diploid species. With the aim of improving the resistance to root-knot nematodes of coffee varieties grown in Latin America, a project was initiated in February 2002 with the financial support of the European Community (INCO, Contract ICA4-CT-2001-10070). The selected strategy relies upon the combined development of (i) varieties (either cultivar or rootstock) associating complementary well-characterised resistance genes, and (ii) optimised variety-deployment strategies based on a careful characterisation (geographical distribution, virulence and pathogenicity) of root-knot nematodes populations damaging coffee trees.

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19

REDDY, S. N. K., PUNEET WALIA, and SANJEET SINGH SANDAL. "DIGITAL REVOLUTION IN PLANT BREEDING: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF METHODOLOGIES, TOOLS, APPLICATIONS, AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES." Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences 25, no. 04 (2023): 629–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.53550/ajmbes.2023.v25i04.003.

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Digital breeding integrates modern technologies like genomics, bioinformatics, and data analytics into conventional plant breeding. It accelerates the breeding process, improves selection effectiveness, and enhances crop yield and quality. High-throughput genotyping and phenotyping technologies enable efficient analysis of large populations and rapid characterization of plant traits. Genomic selection and data analytics aid in predicting breeding values and analyzing extensive data for trait improvement. Digital breeding applications include accelerated breeding cycles, trait-based breeding, disease resistance, stress tolerance, nutritional quality enhancement, remote sensing, yield prediction, multi-environment testing, and precision breeding and prospects involve integrating multiple omics technologies, developing precise phenotypic prediction models, and fostering data sharing and collaboration. Digital breeding can greatly improve breeding programs and address global food security challenges.Digital breeding integrates modern technologies like genomics, bioinformatics, and data analytics into conventional plant breeding. It accelerates the breeding process, improves selection effectiveness, and enhances crop yield and quality. High-throughput genotyping and phenotyping technologies enable efficient analysis of large populations and rapid characterization of plant traits. Genomic selection and data analytics aid in predicting breeding values and analyzing extensive data for trait improvement. Digital breeding applications include accelerated breeding cycles, trait-based breeding, disease resistance, stress tolerance, nutritional quality enhancement, remote sensing, yield prediction, multi-environment testing, and precision breeding and prospects involve integrating multiple omics technologies, developing precise phenotypic prediction models, and fostering data sharing and collaboration. Digital breeding can greatly improve breeding programs and address global food security challenges.

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20

Mikeal L. Roose. "NEW GENETIC AND GENOMIC TOOLS FOR CITRUS BREEDING." Acta Horticulturae, no. 1065 (January 2015): 63–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2015.1065.5.

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21

Foolad, M. R., and A. Sharma. "MOLECULAR MARKERS AS SELECTION TOOLS IN TOMATO BREEDING." Acta Horticulturae, no. 695 (November 2005): 225–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2005.695.25.

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22

Clasen, J. B., C. Bengtsson, H. N. Källström, E. Strandberg, W. F. Fikse, and L. Rydhmer. "Dairy cattle farmers' preferences for different breeding tools." Animal 15, no. 12 (2021): 100409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.animal.2021.100409.

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23

Grattapaglia, Dario, and Matias Kirst. "Eucalyptusapplied genomics: from gene sequences to breeding tools." New Phytologist 179, no. 4 (2008): 911–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2008.02503.x.

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24

RYDER, OLIVER A. "Genetic investigations: tools for supporting breeding programme goals." International Zoo Yearbook 24, no. 1 (1986): 157–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-1090.1985.tb02532.x.

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25

Chakradhar, Thammineni, Vemuri Hindu, and Palakolanu Sudhakar Reddy. "Genomic-based-breeding tools for tropical maize improvement." Genetica 145, no. 6 (2017): 525–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10709-017-9981-y.

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26

Zabeau, Marc. "Current and Future Tools for Marker-Assisted Breeding." Nature Biotechnology 17, S5 (1999): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/70394.

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27

de Moura Barros, Levi, José Jaime Vasconcelos Cavalcanti, João Rodrigues de Paiva, and João Ribeiro Crisóstomo. "New tools to improve the cashew breeding program." Journal of Biotechnology 136 (October 2008): S219—S220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2008.07.463.

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28

Langridge, Peter, and Matthew P. Reynolds. "Genomic tools to assist breeding for drought tolerance." Current Opinion in Biotechnology 32 (April 2015): 130–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2014.11.027.

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29

Ophir, Ron. "Bioinformatics Tools for Marker Discovery in Plant Breeding." Israel Journal of Chemistry 53, no. 3-4 (2013): 173–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ijch.201200090.

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30

Patel, Abhimanyu, Johnson Lakra, Shashi Kant Ekka, et al. "Ornamental plant breeding is tools for new generation." International Journal of Advanced Biochemistry Research 8, no. 3 (2024): 368–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.33545/26174693.2024.v8.i3e.742.

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31

Sonstegard, Tad S. "44 Developing New Traits Using Precision Breeding Tools." Journal of Animal Science 101, Supplement_3 (2023): 7–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skad281.009.

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Abstract Genome editing in the genetic stocks of food animals has tremendous potential as a tool for genetic improvement best suited to introduce traits not readily available for intensive selection in commercial breeding populations, especially those affecting disease resistance and adaptation to climate. To date, gene-editing has been used to alter prolactin receptor and produce heat-tolerant, registered Angus for commercial production of semen and embryos that rapidly improves efficient quality beef production in the tropics. More recently, genome alterations based on rationale design have been tested to demonstrate host resistance to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and bovine viral diarrhea virus in swine and cattle, respectively. This presentation will highlight the results of these new traits to breed healthier commercial animals that will eventually change global market dynamics of livestock production.

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32

Sevilleno, Samantha Sevilleno, Raisa Aone Cabahug-Braza, Hye Ryun An, Ki-Byung Lim, and Yoon-Jung Hwang. "The role of cytogenetic tools in orchid breeding." Korean Journal of Agricultural Science 50, no. 2 (2023): 235–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.7744/kjoas.20230015.

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33

Thriveni, Vangapandu, Jatin Teotia, Somak Hazra, et al. "A Review on Integrating Bioinformatics Tools in Modern Plant Breeding." Archives of Current Research International 24, no. 9 (2024): 293–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/acri/2024/v24i9894.

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Bioinformatics has become integral to modern plant breeding, facilitating the analysis of large-scale genomic data, identifying key genetic markers, and enabling precision breeding techniques such as genomic selection. Advances in sequencing technologies and computational tools have accelerated the pace of crop improvement, allowing for the rapid identification of genes associated with important agronomic traits, including yield, stress tolerance, and disease resistance. The integration of bioinformatics in plant breeding also presents significant challenges, particularly in terms of data management, multi-omics integration, and the interpretation and validation of complex datasets. The role of emerging trends such as pangenomics, metagenomics, and epigenomics in expanding the scope of plant breeding, as well as the increasing importance of artificial intelligence and machine learning in enhancing predictive accuracy and optimizing breeding strategies. Personalized plant breeding and precision agriculture are identified as promising approaches for tailoring crop varieties to specific environments and farming practices, driven by bioinformatics tools that enable detailed analysis of genomic and phenotypic data. Ethical considerations and data privacy issues are also addressed, emphasizing the need for transparent and equitable practices in the collection, sharing, and use of genomic data. The importance of collaborative efforts and global initiatives in advancing bioinformatics-driven plant breeding, with a focus on fostering international cooperation, building capacity in developing regions, and ensuring open access to bioinformatics resources. As the field continues to evolve, bioinformatics will play a Important role in developing sustainable agricultural systems capable of meeting the demands of a growing global population while mitigating the impacts of climate change. The current applications, challenges, and future prospects of bioinformatics in plant breeding, offering insights into the critical role of this field in shaping the future of agriculture.

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Khoruzhy, L. I., N. Yu Tryastsina, М. К. Dzjikiya, and N. A. Tryastsin. "Analytical tools for managing sustainable development in dairy cattle breeding." Buhuchet v sel'skom hozjajstve (Accounting in Agriculture), no. 9 (September 18, 2023): 550–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/sel-11-2309-04.

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The article is devoted to the formation of analytical tools for managing a sustainable sector of dairy cattle breeding of agricultural companies. Offers of results of researches of volumes of production of milk. A system of indicators for the analysis and assessment of the level of sustainable development of dairy cattle breeding of agricultural companies is proposed. A key factor in the sustainable development of dairy cattle breeding has been identified — the productivity of cows, the reduction of the carbon footprint. Proposed measure to increase the milk productivity of cows. The results obtained were used to manage sustainable dairy cattle breeding, develop a food security strategy for the subjects’ farms and substantiate management decisions.

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35

Sudaric, Aleksandra, Marija Vrataric, Snezana Mladenovic-Drinic, and Maja Matosa. "Biotechnology in soybean breeding." Genetika 42, no. 1 (2010): 91–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gensr1001091s.

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Biotechnology can be defined broadly as a set of tools that allows scientists to genetically characterize or improve living organisms. Several emerging technologies, such as molecular characterization and genetic transformation, are already being used extensively for the purpose of plant improvement. Other emerging sciences, including genomics and proteomics, are also starting to impact plant improvement. Tools provided by biotechnology will not replace classical breeding methods, but rather will help provide new discoveries and contribute to improved nutritional value and yield enhancement through greater resistance to disease, herbicides and abiotic factors. In soybeans, biotechnology has and will continue to play a valuable role in public and private soybean breeding programs. Based on the availability and combination of conventional and molecular technologies, a substantial increase in the rate of genetic gain for economically important soybean traits can be predicted in the next decade. In this paper, a short review of technologies for molecular markers analysis in soybean is given as well as achievements in the area of genetic transformation in soybean.

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., Akanksha, Jagesh K. Tiwari, Bhuvneswari S, Suhas G. Karkute, Shailesh K. Tiwari, and Major Singh. "Brinjal: Breeding and Genomics." Vegetable Science 50, Special (2023): 166–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.61180/vegsci.2023.v50.spl.04.

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Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) also known as eggplant is an important solanaceous vegetable crop grown across tropical and subtropical regions of the world. India is the centre of origin of the crop, large diversity in the morphology of fruit and plant type exists in the country. Also, a large number of wild relatives is being utilized in breeding programs as a source of biotic and abiotic stress tolerance. Conventional breeding programs have focused on improving plant type and yield through the development of high-yielding varieties and hybrids. More recently, breeding for stress tolerance and enhanced nutritional content has gained importance. Genetic inheritance studies, mapping, molecular tools are enriching the crop improvement work. Of late, the availability of high-quality genome sequences has spurred functional analysis at the genome level augmenting molecular tools for marker-assisted selection. In the present article, attempt has been made to highlight the improvement work carried out from relevance of the crop diversity to genomic-level knowledge advancement. Future prospective in brinjal improvement having relevance in Indian context is also highlighted.

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37

Riaz, Asad, Farah Kanwal, Andreas Börner, Klaus Pillen, Fei Dai, and Ahmad M. Alqudah. "Advances in Genomics-Based Breeding of Barley: Molecular Tools and Genomic Databases." Agronomy 11, no. 5 (2021): 894. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11050894.

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Barley is the fourth most important cereal crop and has been domesticated and cultivated for more than 10,000 years. Breeding climate-smart and stress-tolerant cultivars is considered the most suitable way to accelerate barley improvement. However, the conventional breeding framework needs to be changed to facilitate genomics-based breeding of barley. The continuous progress in genomics has opened up new avenues and tools that are promising for making barley breeding more precise and efficient. For instance, reference genome assemblies in combination with germplasm sequencing to delineate breeding have led to the development of more efficient barley cultivars. Genetic analysis, such as QTL mapping and GWAS studies using sequencing approaches, have led to the identification of molecular markers, genomic regions and novel genes associated with the agronomic traits of barley. Furthermore, SNP marker technologies and haplotype-based GWAS have become the most applied methods for supporting molecular breeding in barley. The genetic information is also used for high-efficiency gene editing by means of CRISPR-Cas9 technology, the best example of which is the cv. Golden Promise. In this review, we summarize the genomic databases that have been developed for barley and explain how the genetic resources of the reference genome, the available state-of-the-art bioinformatics tools, and the most recent assembly of a barley pan-genome will boost the genomics-based breeding for barley improvement.

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Whetten, Ross W., Keith J. S. Jayawickrama, W. Patrick Cumbie, and Gustavo S. Martins. "Genomic Tools in Applied Tree Breeding Programs: Factors to Consider." Forests 14, no. 2 (2023): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f14020169.

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The past three decades have seen considerable research into the molecular genetics and genomics of forest trees, and a variety of new tools and methods have emerged that could have practical applications in applied breeding programs. Applied breeders may lack specialized knowledge required to evaluate claims made about the advantages of new methods over existing practices and are faced with the challenge of deciding whether to invest in new approaches or continue with current practices. Researchers, on the other hand, often lack experience with constraints faced by applied breeding programs and may not be well-equipped to evaluate the suitability of the method they have developed to a particular program. Our goal here is to outline social, biological, and economic constraints relevant to applied breeding programs to inform researchers, and to summarize some new methods and how they may address those constraints to inform breeders. The constraints faced by programs breeding tropical species grown over large areas in relatively uniform climates with rotations shorter than 10 years differ greatly from those facing programs breeding boreal species deployed in many different environments, each with relatively small areas, with rotations of many decades, so different genomic tools are likely to be appropriate.

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39

Kumar, Prem, Jay Singh, Vijay Kumar Yadav, Kapil Gautam, Manoj Kumar, and Rishabh Gupta. "Phenotyping in Plant Breeding using Modern Tools: A Review." Journal of Advances in Biology & Biotechnology 27, no. 11 (2024): 200–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jabb/2024/v27i111605.

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The need for food globally is rising quickly. According to assessments, global food output must double to meet anticipated population growth projections by 2050. The ability to precisely phenotype crop plants in the field has been made possible by contemporary high-throughput plant phenotyping systems (HTPPs). This has been made possible by developments in automation, robotics, precise environmental control, and remote sensing technologies. We are discussing some phenotyping tools phenopsis, phenomics, phenoscope, HPGA, The Plant Accelerator, Biotron, LEPSE, LemnaTec etc. This paper examines many phenotyping contexts, such as breeding, genetic resource discovery, and translational research to provide more breeding resources, and how the various phenotyping categories mentioned above relate to each of these situations. By bridging the gap between genotype and phenotype and improving the effectiveness of selection for maximizing the genetic gain, several HTP tools and platforms have been created globally to enable breeding operations reach their full potential.

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Vleeshouwers, Vivianne G. A. A., and Richard P. Oliver. "Effectors as Tools in Disease Resistance Breeding Against Biotrophic, Hemibiotrophic, and Necrotrophic Plant Pathogens." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 27, no. 3 (2014): 196–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-10-13-0313-ia.

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One of most important challenges in plant breeding is improving resistance to the plethora of pathogens that threaten our crops. The ever-growing world population, changing pathogen populations, and fungicide resistance issues have increased the urgency of this task. In addition to a vital inflow of novel resistance sources into breeding programs, the functional characterization and deployment of resistance also needs improvement. Therefore, plant breeders need to adopt new strategies and techniques. In modern resistance breeding, effectors are emerging as tools to accelerate and improve the identification, functional characterization, and deployment of resistance genes. Since genome-wide catalogues of effectors have become available for various pathogens, including biotrophs as well as necrotrophs, effector-assisted breeding has been shown to be successful for various crops. “Effectoromics” has contributed to classical resistance breeding as well as for genetically modified approaches. Here, we present an overview of how effector-assisted breeding and deployment is being exploited for various pathosystems.

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Zhao, Xiangyu, Shouhui Pan, Zhongqiang Liu, Yanyun Han, Qi Zhang, and Kaiyi Wang. "Intelligent upgrading of plant breeding: Decision support tools in the golden seed breeding cloud platform." Computers and Electronics in Agriculture 194 (March 2022): 106672. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2021.106672.

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Rasheed, Adnan, Hongdong Jie, Basharat Ali, et al. "Breeding Drought-Tolerant Maize (Zea mays) Using Molecular Breeding Tools: Recent Advancements and Future Prospective." Agronomy 13, no. 6 (2023): 1459. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13061459.

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As a most significant cereal crop, maize provides vital nutritional components to humans and livestock. Drought stress curtails maize growth and yield by impairing several morphological, physiological, and biochemical functions. The rising threats of drought stress significantly affect global food security and increase the ratio of hunger and starvation. The use of molecular breeding techniques has enabled maize researchers to deeply examine the genetic control of drought tolerance and the genetic differences between genotypes to drought stress. Despite the significant progress in molecular genetics, the drought tolerance mechanism is still not fully understood. With the advancements in molecular research, researchers have identified several molecular factors associated with maize tolerance to drought stress. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping and genome-wide association study (GWAS) analysis have led to identifying QTL, and genes linked to drought tolerance in maize that can be further exploited for their possible breeding applications. Transcriptome and transcription factors (TFs) analysis has revealed the documentation of potential genes and protein groups that might be linked to drought tolerance and accelerate the drought breeding program. Genetic engineering has been used to develop transgenic maize cultivars that are resistant to drought stress. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR/Cas9) is a new ray of hope to edit the gene of interest to enhance drought tolerance in maize and save both time and cost in cultivar development. In the current review article, we have tried to present an updated picture of the advancements of drought tolerance in maize and its future prospects. These organized pieces of information can assist future researchers in understanding the basis of drought tolerance to adopt a potential breeding tool for breeding drought-tolerant maize cultivars.

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Sathuvalli, V. R., S. A. Mehlenbacher, B. C. Peterschmidt, and D. C. Smith. "GENOMIC TOOLS ENHANCE POWER AND PRECISION OF HAZELNUT BREEDING." Acta Horticulturae, no. 1052 (September 2014): 23–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2014.1052.1.

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Medina-Lozano, Inés, and Aurora Díaz. "Applications of Genomic Tools in Plant Breeding: Crop Biofortification." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 6 (2022): 3086. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23063086.

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Crop breeding has mainly been focused on increasing productivity, either directly or by decreasing the losses caused by biotic and abiotic stresses (that is, incorporating resistance to diseases and enhancing tolerance to adverse conditions, respectively). Quite the opposite, little attention has been paid to improve the nutritional value of crops. It has not been until recently that crop biofortification has become an objective within breeding programs, through either conventional methods or genetic engineering. There are many steps along this long path, from the initial evaluation of germplasm for the content of nutrients and health-promoting compounds to the development of biofortified varieties, with the available and future genomic tools assisting scientists and breeders in reaching their objectives as well as speeding up the process. This review offers a compendium of the genomic technologies used to explore and create biodiversity, to associate the traits of interest to the genome, and to transfer the genomic regions responsible for the desirable characteristics into potential new varieties. Finally, a glimpse of future perspectives and challenges in this emerging area is offered by taking the present scenario and the slow progress of the regulatory framework as the starting point.

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Varshney, Rajeev K., Vikas K. Singh, John M. Hickey, et al. "Analytical and Decision Support Tools for Genomics-Assisted Breeding." Trends in Plant Science 21, no. 4 (2016): 354–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tplants.2015.10.018.

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Kaminuma, Eli, Takanari Tanabata, Kentaro Yano, Akifumi Shimizu, and Hiroyoshi Iwata. "Information analysis tools for promoting the efficiency of breeding." Breeding Research 15, no. 3 (2013): 122–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1270/jsbbr.15.122.

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Liu, Xiaohua, Jiahui Gu, Jingmao Wang, and Yingmin Lu. "Lily breeding by using molecular tools and transformation systems." Molecular Biology Reports 41, no. 10 (2014): 6899–908. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11033-014-3576-9.

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Debener, TH. "MOLECULAR TOOLS FOR MODERN ORNAMENTAL PLANT BREEDING AND SELECTION." Acta Horticulturae, no. 552 (July 2001): 121–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2001.552.12.

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Petersen, G. "317 Applications for molecular breeding tools in honeybee populations." Journal of Animal Science 96, suppl_3 (2018): 120–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/sky404.265.

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Hahne, Günther, Laurence Tomlinson, and Fabien Nogué. "Precision genetic engineering tools for next-generation plant breeding." Plant Cell Reports 38, no. 4 (2019): 435–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00299-019-02400-6.

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