Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Breton, Laurence – Critique et interprétation'
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Breton, Laurence. "BITUME, SILLONS, MATIÈRE : LE QUESTIONNEMENT DES ÉCARTS." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27922/27922.pdf.
Full textSangouard-Berdeaux, Céline. "Pensée et écriture du sublime Breton, Bataille, Blanchot et Gracq (1924-1969)." Paris 7, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA070011.
Full textDespite a deep and enduring disaffection in thought and artistic création from the end of the 19th century. The sublime, a category at the junction of rhetorics. Aesthetics and philosophy. Is used again by several art and literature thinkers in the last third of the 20th century (J. F. Lyotard. J. Derrida. J. L. Nancy, etc). At the extent of being sometimes presented as the privileged read mode of 20th century art. This thesis sets out to observe to which extent. Although the authors themselves don't claim to belong to an aesthetic of the sublime, the works of Breton. Bataille. Blanchot and Gracq come close to such aesthetic and meamvhile renew its meaning. Its stakes and its implications. This work First sets out to analyze in setting these works back in context. The political dimension of such aesthetic and to highlight the influence of the Terror as a myth of writing in the work s of Breton. Bataille, Blanchot. And to a lesser extent. Gracq. Subsequently. This study shows how these works. Influenced by new psvchoanalytic sciences and the development of anthropological and prehistoric knowledge proceed to a reversal of the traditional movement and values of the sublime and which are constructed as a quest for an original sublime situated on this side of Man even more than in any afterlife. The last two parts study the two types of aesthetics that emanate from this corpus: an aesthetic of the sublime \\hich is positive \\ith Breton and Gracq and negative with Bataille and Blanchot
Pickford, Susan. "Le récit de voyage de Laurence Sterne à Gustave Doré : naissance et évolution d'un genre européen." Toulouse 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOU20086.
Full textThis thesis focuses on eccentric travel writing in French, German, and English from 1760 to 1851. The thesis defines eccentric travel writing as a sub-genre of anti-travel writing, characterised by deliberately apparent manipulation of the narrative using techniques such as the presence of the authorial voice, digression, and atypical paratext as a means of subverting the travel writing pact by dissociating narrative space from narrated space. The author of an eccentric travel narrative lays bare the materiality of the book as a means of destroying the illusion of the reader travelling in the diegesis alongside the narrator. This illusion, produced by description, is fundamental to travel writing, allowing it to stake a claim as a genre to utility and referentiality. The second part of this work focuses on a number of case studies, examining the function of textual, narrative, and paratextual eccentricity in the works of Laurence Sterne, Jean Paul, Xavier de Maistre, William Combe and Thomas Rowlandson, Rodolphe Töpffer, and Gustave Doré. The thesis also focuses on the way the sub-genre is shaped by its publishing context. The eccentric travel narrative deliberately positioned itself on the fringes of a publishing market in which the travel narrative enjoyed great commercial success; in turn, this publishing market fed on the democratisation of travel and the first hesitant steps of the modern tourism industry. The sub-genre’s narrative and visual eccentricity reflect its desire to position itself ex-centrically, on the margins, of a publishing market increasingly prone to commercialisation
Rubio, Emmanuel. "Les philosophies d'André Breton (1924-1940)." Paris 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA030065.
Full textConsidered by the critics as either a systematic " philosophy of surrealism ", or as an ideological " bricolage " devoid of sense, Breton's link to philosophy appears problematic as much as unavoidable. Between these two extremes a new approach can nevertheless be tried, abandoning the idea of a coherence of the whole corpus to follow the evolutions of a philosophy in progress. By paying careful attention to the explicit references of the poet, we will study, not Breton's philosophy, but his philosophies: those that he reads, distorts, or rewrites; those he successively builds. Hegel, Marx, Freud, psychiatry, but also Kant, Fichte, Schelling, Schopenhauer and Feuerbach, often neglected by the critics, define a complex philosophical area where the winding - but not incoherent - course of the poet can be drawn. From 1924 to 1940, several theoretical moments appear. Initially professing an extreme idealism, believing in the power of language to recreate the world, Breton is soon confronted with dialectic materialism,. .
Blachère, Jean-Claude. "André Breton et les mondes primitifs." Paris 4, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA040241.
Full textBreton's keen interest in savage cultures has not very been taken into account yet. Nevertheless, primitive thinking (a definition of primitive is given) is one of the fundamental ideological concepts of surrealism. Refusing western values leads surrealists to use other cultural references, especially those of the primitive. To get to know the savage worlds, Breton rejects exotism, uses ethnology cautiously. By automatic writing, he explores the primitive layers of the psyche. But it is the magical dialogue with the savage object which really allows access to emotional knowledge. Surrealism inherited from European "avant-gardes" primitivism, contemporary to snobbish pro-negroism, can sometimes be influenced by racist stereotypes. But Breton stands out by a greater wariness towards these commonplace images. After 1925, the surrealists follow the communist party on anti-colonialism and they give up the sterile hubbub of their beginning. The break from the party cannot be avoided when, about 1935, Breton insists on the cultural specificity of the colonized peoples. Surrealists believe that the message from the savage cultures can be grasped. According to them, the west should reinstate the political functions of the myth. The primitive model provides the likeable image of a society naturally rooted in artistical and psychological values which surrealists crave for. From the Canary Islands to Mexico and Haiti, Breton chants the "ultra-sensitive" areas of primeval tropical nature. He spots signal-places and reads this cryptogram through a poetical screen and the peculiarities of a primitive mentality. The conclusion shows that reception of the so-called surrealist primitivism is rather unfavorable. Yet, this notion partly translates Breton’s attitude, for whom the primitive model gives way more towards revolution than passeism
Lasne, Sandra. "Modéles du sujet dans l'oeuvre romanesque de Laurence Sterne (1713-1768) : illustrations et perversions." Montpellier 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MON30026.
Full textKasaï, Kaori. "André Breton et la folie." Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA070085.
Full textHow should we approach the role played by madness in the writings of André Breton? Can we accept the proposition that there is no distinction therein between 'madness and non-madness'? Breton's position with regard to mad people was always that it is not the 'mad' who should feel guilty about their condition, but society, which creates a narrow caricature of madness. Beyond that interpretation it seems that Breton felt a kind of sympathy for mad people, and as a verbal artist may have been willing to let himself enter states of creative frenzy. By examining two dimensions of madness in Breton's writings, on the one hand crime (as acts of madness), and on the other the language of the mad (which inspired the Surrealist method of automatic writing), we shed light on a new consciousness of madness brought about by Breton. Horrendous crimes were of interest to him, not only because of their social background, but for a kind of 'black humour' that could be seen in them - humour somewhat related to that in works by Sade or Lautréamont, writers favoured by Breton. With regard to language, Breton formed a theory in his writings of the 1920's, then further developed it in the 1930's (as L'Immaculée Conception, for instance, shows). Furthermore, during those decades there was great progress in medical psychiatry, in particular in studies of automatism and the language practices of mad people. Those studies may well have served Breton's poetics. Conversely, after World War II, some psychiatrists proposed that Surrealism itself had made major contributions to addressing some of the fundamental questions of psychiatry, such as the value, the meaning and the limits of madness
Al, Lae Jakeza. "Louis Tiercelin (1846-1915) et le Parnasse breton." Rennes 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997REN20033.
Full textSuzuki, Masao. "Le hasard objectif dans l'oeuvre d'André Breton : phénomènes et théorie." Paris 7, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA070051.
Full textThe notion of "objective chance" defined by andre breton expresses, not the miraculous realisation of a desire pre-existing the event, but the undoing of such a desire, simultaneous to the invention of a new desire. By tracing the transformation of the semantic structure of the account describing a "coincidence", we demonstrate, on the one hand, that this definition applies to the main "autobiographical" accounts of breton and to l'amour fou in particular where the meeting with jacqueline lamba enables him to annul a series of significations linked to a "lost woman" and to stress anther series of significations given to a "new woman". We shall see, on the other hand, that the very word "objective" was chosen by breton to stress the absolute exteriority of the event in regard to the network of significations which supported the imaginary world of the subject before that event. The objective chance is therefore defined, not as the projection of our desire in a real event, but as a total reorganisation of the semantic networks which condition this projective process
Abolgassemi, Maxime. "Pour une poétique du hasard objectif : étude analytique de ses motifs d’écriture (Nerval, Strindberg et Breton)." Paris 4, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA040236.
Full textAndré Breton elaborated the notion of "objective chance" from 1928 by describing disturbing coincidences in his life (Nadja, Les Vases communicants and l'Amour fou). We do make the hypothesis that it sets up a real literary project, that can be examined by focusing on its concatenations (the motives). We will therefore include the previous works of Gérard de Nerval (Aurélia) and August Strindberg (Inferno and Legends) in the purpose to explore our second hypothesis that the objective chance could be assigned to a precise period (around 1850-1950). What is the significance of this objective chance writing project ? How can we understand such multiformity in the text production and grasp their deep and coherent articulation ? We will be assisted by other literary or philosophical works (of wich Proust), and specifically thoses, surprisingly pertinent, of Walter Benjamin
Hasegawa, Akiko. "Le rôle du primitivisme dans la pensée esthétique d' André Breton entre 1920 et 1942." Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA070005.
Full textTheoretician of Surrealism, André Breton (1896-1966) places his interest in primitive at the core of his thinkings and writings. In his writings, especially in his criticism of art, he frequently mentions the works of art called "primitive" (the Italian primitives, primitive arts, naive art and prehistoric art), the primitive image, the primitive mentality and the primitive condition of society. Most of his reflections on this term cast a protest of society's values of his time, often represented by rational and systematic thought. His persistent reference to the primitive is principally aesthetic, political and mythical. Structured around these three aspects of primitivism, this thesis aims to trace the entire evolution of the role of "primitive" and "primitivism" in Breton's aesthetic thinkings and also indicate the specificity of his thinkings during the inter-war
Graulle, Christophe. "André Breton et la notion d'humour noir : une révolte supérieure de l'esprit." Montpellier 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MON30009.
Full textSaito, Tetsuya. "Pratiques de la citation dans les textes d'André Breton." Paris 7, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA070083.
Full textFrom where does come this strange feeling the surrealist texts causes us? They entice us all the more extremely that they disconcert us. This effect is reinforced as we cross this peculiar space where rustles a mysteriously plural voice: texts weaved by quotations, with words which belong to other people. The present study has as objectives to analyze the texts of André Breton from the point of view of quotation - in the double sense bf the term: form and practice - and to seize which writing strategy is there in action. From Anthologie de l'humour noir, text put together and "bricolé" with blow of heterogeneous and restricted elements, we enter the attentive decoding of deliberately discontinuous texts and try to understand what occurs through them. Research not of a new concept, but of new ways of thinking how surrealists write, this thesis tries to follow as close as possible the "phantom" which lives in texts of André Breton, who is undoubtedly not an identifiable entity, but an effect which occurs each time the practice of the quotation practices
Canut, Emmanuelle. "Evolution de la syntaxe et de l'ancrage enonciatif dans des narrations d'enfants de moins de six ans. Interaction langagiere entre adulte, enfant et livre." Paris 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA030159.
Full textKang, Eun-ja. "La négation du monde réel : du désir à la perversion chez André Breton et Yi Sang." Dijon, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002DIJOL001.
Full textBelardi, Philippe. "Un usage particulier de la psychanalyse : André Breton, penseur de Freud." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AZUR2024.
Full textWhat knowledge did André Breton have about psychoanalysis in order to consider it the “muse of surrealism”? What were the crucial elements of this movement established by Breton himself that allowed him to forge a method for exploring the unconscious - a complementary and even superior method to psychoanalysis, the novelty scientific discipline born in the first decades of the 20th century? This project explores what place and status the artist could assume from scientific point of view, accepting the premise that the artist has been refused, for a very long time, the possibility to inquire into the nature and functioning of human psyche, and thus to offer answers to existential questions. The latter sums up the essence of the surrealist project and efforts - a bid for the reinstitution of imagination and poetry to a place that has been illegitimately overtaken by reason.Even if Freud seemingly agrees that artists possess certain precious qualities able to inspire explorers of psychoanalysis, and if imagination admittedly occupies an important place in his subjects’ psyche (two major facts that attract the young André Breton), the Viennese psychiatrist has always been faithful to the rationalist and positivist thought which dominates his century. Reason should be able to triumph over dream, fantasy and all that is imaginary in order to construct an identical reality accessible to all, according to the universal principle. In this perspective, there could be no dialogue or even any understanding between Freud and Breton, a discord which, ultimately, would not discourage the impetuous desire and willingness of the surrealist poet to establish a bridge between the imaginary and the reality by the means of what Freud would call “the unconscious”. What is more, to understand the points of convergence and divergence between the Freudian and the Bretonian thought which would allow for the full comprehension of the richness and depth of the surrealist theory, it is useful to highlight other influences on Breton’s perception and understanding of psychoanalysis. Influences such as the associationism of Taine bearing the mark of Condillac’s sensualism, or even Nerval’s symbolism and mythology, served as the basis for the fundamental notion which permeated the framework of the surrealist thought: the desire. Looking at the concept of desire would best allow to measure the rift between surrealism and psychoanalysis, or at least to measure a certain philosophy of desire akin to both freudism and surrealism. It is therefore this conceptual point, desire, which would allow these two artistic and scientific disciplines to acknowledge the distance between them, a distance spanning from intimate to abysmal, separating the artist and the scientist in the way they define (ethos), live (pathos) and express (logos) desire
Haret, Sharon. "L’image poétique chez André Breton." Thesis, Paris 4, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA040154.
Full textThis thesis deals with the Surrealist image particularly as it is used in André Breton's poetry. Although it is difficult to reduce the Surrealist verbal image to a simple formula, the aim of this study is to ascertain whether it is possible to identify distinctive characteristics of the Surrealist image. To begin with Pierre Reverdy's famous definition of the poetic image is considered as a definition of the Surrealist image. However the examination of a few examples shows that Reverdy's defintion does not apply in particular to Surrealist images. Other means of isolating the hypothetical distinctive features are therefore sought. Given the obscurity of many Surrealist images a formal approach was adopted. The approach was very much influenced by Michele Prandi's vision of metaphor as incoherent language involving the outside world and syntactic structures. Accordingly, Surrealist images were compared to non Surrealist images in the same construction. Some features pertaining to particular structures were noticed, some to several structures
Grahmann, Simone. "Le réel chez André Breton." Paris 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA030088.
Full textThis study examines the notion of real in the thought, the life, and the works of André Breton. The goal of surrealism is to explore man and existence, to orient him towards the recovery of the totality of his potential and to reestablish what is supposed as an absolute state of things : the "surreal". For Breton, the thème of the real is an existential issue : his entire intellectual and practical enterprise testifies to his will to uncover the secret of the real (human and universal) in order to construct a society based on the truth of man. Breton's point of departure towards that absolute reality is the change in the mind's perception of this real, a change which must be created in the bringing together and confrontation of antinomies resulting from dualist thought. .
Sourisseau, Valérie. ""La déesse" au XXe siècle : écritures théoriques et poétiques (James Frazer, Jane Harrison, Robert Graves, André Breton, Cesare Pavese, Sylvia Plath)." Thesis, Paris 4, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA040170.
Full textThe object of this study is to explore a figure of mythological origin which has been actualized and reinterpreted in the first half of the XXth century by anthropologists first and then, in their wake, by a few poetic works – the Great Goddess of Antiquity, now popularized as the Goddess. From anthropological construction to literary rewriting, the goddess appears as a composite figure, embodying both the idea of the mother and of death. As a woman, she is opposed to man, as a mother-goddess, to the father-god. A whole network of diversely originated representations and narratives develops around her: the narrative of the hero’s confrontation with the Goddess, the theory of prehistoric matriarchy, revelations both sexual and spiritual, the enigma of poetry. Through her, the question of the problematic relations between female gender and humanity is ultimately raised
Chatelier, Antoine. "Traductions et variabilité en langue bretonne : l’exemple des traductions bretonnes de "l’Introduction à la vie dévote" (XVIIIe – XXe)." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REN20019/document.
Full textThis work is an analysis of three translations in Breton of the text of François de Sales published in 1609:L’introduction à la vie dévote. The first translation was made by Charles Le Bris during the Breton's pre-modern period in the beginning of the 18th century in the north-west dialect.The two other translations both originate from the south-east of the area where Breton was spoken and written in the Vannes standard. One was written by Jean Marion in the end of the 18th century and the other by Sylvestre Sévéno in thebeginning of the 20th century. The study of those texts is, in a first section, founded on traductological purposes: how did the different authors play their roles of translators; what are the links between the different authors and the original; how did they account for the expectations of their future audience. Progressively, this analysis focuses on a syntactic and morphological approach and identifies some language variations between the authors
Mussard, Jean-Dominique. "L'oeil, les jeux du regard, représentations et fonctions dans l'oeuvre poétique d'André Breton." Limoges, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LIMO2006.
Full textOkubo, Yuko. "La notion de "beauté convulsive" chez André Breton et ses prolongements théoriques : rencontre de l'esthétique et du politique." Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA070081.
Full textThis thesis has a two-fold aim: to analyze the evolution of the notion of "convulsive beauty" in Breton's books, in order to reconstruct his theory of language, and to examine the relationship between the aesthetic and the political in his work. Instead of writing the history of surrealism and politics, we propose in our study a rereading of texts written by Breton from the 1920's to the middle of the 1930's, from his "intuitive" and anarchic phase to his affiliation and break with the Communist Party in 1935, in order to appraise the importance of the political in his aesthetic thought. It is indeed necessary to restore the political context of Breton's aesthetic if we want to grasp its full significance. The "convulsive beauty is the name Breton gave to his strategies of indetermination, allowing him to avoid any dogmatism of meaning
Sebbag, Georges. "Les durées automatiques." Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA010535.
Full textBreton, Samuel. "La somme de toutes ces parts : les collages dans l'image fixe et l'image animée." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29673/29673.pdf.
Full textLecostey, Isolde. "La littérature à l'épreuve du sourire : éléments pour une étude de l'humour noir au XXe siècle." Thesis, Paris 10, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA100107.
Full textThis dissertation offers new elements for the description and the analysis of the literary register that is dark humour. It is based on the considerations that André Breton developed in his Anthologie de l’humour noir (1966), and at the same time, it replaces them within the surrealist theories, in order to demonstrate that the author creates a register perfectly suited to the defence of his opinions about art and Modernity. The selection that is made in the Anthologie can henceforth be approached with a fresh eye and analyzed from a literary point of view : dark humour would then be defined as a bipolar register, built on a confrontation between two tendencies, a hermeneutic one and a terrorist one, but which both question the value of the speeches that pretend to represent reality. The literary features of dark humour can thus be analyzed, as well as its evolutions after the Second World War. Indeed, at that time, dark humour becomes more popular in the media, and the authors who use it take into account its acquaintances with literary genres that lack legitimacy. The evolutions of the register are studied through the work of three writers : Joyce Mansour, Roland Topor and Jean-Pierre Martinet. Their narratives follow similar patterns which, on the whole, aim to dismantle the traditional narrative schemes. Thus, dark humour questions the reader about his reading habits and breaks the contract entered into with the author, in order to call into question the possibility of a community unified by the – unequal – share of a common culture and language. Dark humour thereby postulates the existence of a community that cannot be found by literature, within narratives that claim their illegitimacy
Shindô, Hisano. "Les écrits sur l’art d’André Breton : 1920-1944." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO20060.
Full textThe purpose of this study is to examine the writings of Andre Breton on the arts between the first years of his career and the end of The Second World War. If Surrealism began as a movement of literature, it goes without saying that arts have occupied an essential place in this group. Obviously, the success of the surrealism in the field of art is encouraged by the passion of Breton in this area. The art works inspired Breton to write many texts. A part of these texts is generally regarded as “art critic”. However the reflections of the writer on the art is not confined to this genre. Some essays and autobiographical stories tell episodes created by the art works. In addition, the artistic question may take the main place in the argumentative and theoretical texts.The writings of Breton may be located in the filiation of the modern poetry, from Baudelaire to contemporary poets as Jacques Dupin or Bernard Noël. These texts discuss the competitive relation between poetry and painting. The texts of Breton don’t try to give the superiority to the verbal expression rather than to the visual representation or vice versa, but to point out the interlacing of language and image. Far from seeking to find a coherent concept of the writer concerning the field of art, our analysis tries to show how the visual images have influence on the writing of Breton. In the first part, we will focus on the reflections of Breton on the art in the 1920s, the development of which crossed the borders of genres of texts. In the next part, we will find that a more important place is given in the 1930s to research on the visual representations, which then relate directly the main concerns of the writer : unconscious desire, its revelation and realization. The last part will be devoted to the contribution of visual representations in the “myth of Surrealism”, which occupied the important place in the concerns of the group during the 1940s. Following the evolution of Breton’s reflections on the plastic art in chronological order, our analysis will show that the activity of Breton around the visual art had a close relationship with his writing. The interest both for the plastic arts and for the poetry does not lead to proclaim the supremacy of one over the other, still less to pretend to the fusion of the two areas. Inseparable from the writing, but always outside or rather at the margin of the wrigting, the visual representations have the effect of putting the writings in question. However, such a discrepancy between texts and images implies the participation of the reader-spectator who, is invited to magnetic field of the Surrealism
Maenosono, Nozomu. "André Breton et les Grands Transparents : la genèse d'un mythe." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE2024.
Full textOur study focuses on the “myth of the Great Invisibles” presented by André Breton (1896-1966) for the first time in the “Prolegomena to a Third Manifesto of Surrealism or Else” in 1942. The first section of the thesis demonstrates the conditions of the birth of this myth. The leader of the surrealist movement expands his poetic perspective through his own artistic practice; this expansion is necessary to allow the perception of these hypothetical beings. In the second section, we show that our mythographer quietly develops their images in his poems, as he announces in the “Prolegomena”. Initially, it was the Great Invisibles of the “war type”, marked by fire, which were mainly described in his poems; however, those who preside over “luck”, marked by water, appear later to channel the people’s frustration, which the routine work of capitalistic society accumulated in their subconscious. Thus, the myth is gradually deepened in Breton’s imagination. The third section elucidates his specific mythical thought. Indeed, he starts to mention the “collective myth” in 1935 and the “new myth” in 1942; these two myths both develop through works of art. However, while the former can be an object of a conscious operation, we cannot intervene intentionally in the second. After that analysis, we note also that the myth of the Great Invisibles is publicly diffused thanks to the automatism of the myth’s growth. To trigger this automatism, Breton consciously avoids explaining in detail the myth; instead, he juxtaposes the three different models of existence of the Great Invisibles in the “Prolegomena”: “inclusion model”, “foreign model” and “mimesis model”. At each attempt to interpret the myth, the image of the Great Invisibles appears somewhere among these three centers of gravity. Many variations of the myth occur and are transmitted both inside and outside of the surrealist movement, following the automatism of the myth’s growth. In conclusion, we find that the myth of the Great Invisibles remains relevant in Breton’s eyes even after World War II
Aribit, Frédéric. "André Breton, Georges Bataille : à l'impossible tenus... : essai d'une confrontation interprétative des romans familiaux jusqu'à la seconde guerre mondiale." Pau, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PAUU1005.
Full textThe aim that has been given to this work is to start one more time the comparison between André Breton and Georges Bataille, starting from the premise of an original way of communication whose direct dialogue is but one of the forms, and trying to clarify its issues in the successively concerned fields of knowledge. Its –diachronic- reasoning starts from the family novels and ends at the beginning of World War II, after a community fervour on each side collapsed, opening a completely different period of the same exchange. It thus goes through a wide period of the history of that comparison, which, among others, deals with the conditions in which they met, how they met with psychoanalysis, the way their philosophical positioning or their ideological inscription on the fringe of the revolutionary left developed. This general approach helps think again about, among others, two especially crucial moments of the discussion, i. E. The violent climax of their 1929-1930 disagreement, and their 1935 attempt to get closer again, on the basis of a political reactivation of the myth. More generally, it invites to ask the question of the relationship to language and poetry, and questions about the incentive to write, suggesting at the same time a crossed foray into the major narrative works of the time. Such a work, as it seems, goes beyond the “literary thing” in the strict sense of the term, or rather takes its place at the meeting point of a set of topics related to the social sciences (philosophy, politics, psychoanalysis, art…), precisely where the global thought about man that each of them will have decided to lead is fixed
Magon, Irène. "Espaces fermés et mondes infinis : Savinio (1891-1952) surréaliste." Paris 4, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA040090.
Full textThe relationship between reality and dreams is the basis of art and thought of Savinio and the French surrealists: the Italian author is able to travel beyond the confines of this world reflecting theories of the French Movement. Breton and Savinio are two subversive “children” that love the present even if they converse with the past, two misfits who rise up against the constituted order: their arms are the writing and literature. It begins refusal of all the present and preceding literature in the name of a new and free art; a revolutionary art. But Savinio does not adapt to any label: convergences and affinities are possible thanks to the modern and highly alert sensibility. The position of Savinio and De Chirico is less radical regarding the programs of the surrealists, who take advantage of a literary and cultural tradition, more libertarian and one that has a more direct acquaintance of the psychoanalysis. The metaphysical art has placed conditions for the developments of surrealism and for its graft in Italian earth: Breton considers founders of surrealism the two siblings de Chirico
Le, Marec Sorel Sylvie. "Les dialogues sacrés de Sébastien Castellion : édition critique et traduction." Rennes 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999REN20027.
Full textPompa, Anne. "Le grand oeuvre poétique de Julien Gracq ou la rêverie alchimique d'un écrivain." Montpellier 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MON30003.
Full textFortin, Amélie Laurence. "YMAGO MUNDI La traductibilité de l'expérience." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28487/28487.pdf.
Full textLopez-Burette, Marion. "Tristram Shandy ou l'identité en question." Paris 7, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA070032.
Full textRelying on the novel Tristram Shandy by Laurence Sterne, the PhD insists on seeing literature as the starting point of the 18 th century's philosophical interest in the concept of identity. After Locke and with Hume, man can no longer rely on identity for stability. This triggers distress, partially soothed by writing one's life, an attempt to question the nature of an elusive individuality. As we are concerned here with the mock-autobiographic genre, we first logically endeavour to answer the question : "who am I ?". The enquiry is given further implications when reiterated by an implicit reader who functions as a kind of impediment, meddling with the textual space in order to figure the stranger every individual has to do with and imposing reassessment. It follows that the concept of identity is scrutinized from the "you" point of view, asking the question "who are you ?". The Other is disturbing, for it is in the attempt to say oneself that the self is diluted. However, portraying ones singularity is also the only way to reach a better understanding of oneself. The third turning point of the reflection is thus concerned with all that, in everyday life, nourishes this identity. It insists on the efficiency of the roundabout way and of apparently trifling details, leading to Tristram's indefinitely unfolding, in the manner of an origami. But time, be it a literary or a human time, never fully encapsulates a personality. Identity, when individual, eludes writing. In the end, it has to be apprehended at the level of the humanity, in something that Kant would have called "transcendental", making the reference to humanity necessary in the definition of the concept of identity
Biserni, Marcella. "Le polyèdre de Magritte : Reflets littéraires de l’objet peint, filmé et scénarisé." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM3082.
Full textThis thesis aims at analyzing Magritte’s multifarious artistry in the light of its interdisciplinarity. The first chapter starts from the philosophical and linguistic côté that can be found in his work in order to deeply explore its figurative and semiotic aspects. The use of rhetorical forms in Magritte clearly shows the importance of the graphemic character of the word, dominated by the mimetic sign. The encounter, or rather the coincidence, between the two opposites (mimesis and semiosis) discloses the space that separates them: the nowhere we tried to define through various instruments. From a comparative point of view, this space of separation shows various literary ties (especially with Baudelaire and Mallarmé) inherent in the titles and in the representations of Magritte work. The words become images and the role of memory and dream attuned to the thought of R. Caillois. The artist constructs a network with the past, the present and the future, which suggests a parallelism with Warburg’s Atlas. In this mosaic, the gesture of writing mixes with the painting; similarly in Magritte the distinction between the two actions is cancelled through the free re-signified association of the visible.The painter destroys and builds at the same time, superimposing appearances, so to move away from a faithful description of reality. This rejection produces a gap in which the content of words and images fuses into a single element: page–canvas–screen. This is what some of Magritte’s creations reveal in their illustrative and film transposition, in which we see the assembling and disassembling of distant realities through the use of humor that reveals their thin divide
Questa tesi si propone di analizzare i molteplici punti di vista di Magritte alla luce della sua interdisciplinarità. Il primo capitolo si basa sul côté filosofico e linguistico rintracciabile nella sua opera, per esplorarne nel dettaglio l’aspetto figurativo e semiotico. L’utilizzo delle forme retoriche in Magritte mostra con evidenza l’importanza del carattere grafemico della parola, sovrastato dal segno mimetico. L’incontro, o meglio la coincidenza, tra i due contrari (semiosis e mimesis) lascia apparire lo spazio che li separa: il non luogo a cui abbiamo cercato di dare una definizione. Da un punto di vista comparatista questo scarto mostra vari legami letterari (soprattutto con Baudelaire e Mallarmé) insiti nei titoli e nelle rappresentazioni delle produzioni magrittiane. Le parole diventano immagini e il ruolo della memoria e del sogno trova un raccordo con il pensiero di R. Caillois. L’artista costruisce una rete con il passato, il presente e il futuro, che fa pensare a un parallelo con l’Atlas warburghiano. In questo mosaico il gesto di scrivere si mescola a quello di dipingere, cosicché in Magritte la distinzione tra le due azioni si annulla nella libera associazione risimbolizzata del visibile. Il pittore distrugge e costruisce al contempo, sovrapponendo le apparenze, in modo da annullare la mimesis stessa, nel senso di descrizione fedele della realtà. La negazione e lo scarto sorgono dalla loro fusione in un unico contenitore, che da una parte esalta la differenza ma che dall’altra vi costruisce sopra la propria appartenenza. È ciò che certe creazioni magrittiane rivelano in ambito illustrativo o filmico, dove assistiamo alla decomposizione e poi alla ricomposizione delle realtà distanti attraverso l’humour, che lascia intravedere lo spessore sottile di separazione
Bonnot, Marie. "Le récit de rêve des surréalistes à nos jours." Thesis, Paris 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PA030006.
Full textThis dissertation aims to present a history of the literary genre of the dream narrative, as it unfolded within French writing throughout the 20th century.The first part of the dissertation is dedicated to epistemology. It shows that in France theories of dreaming influenced literary theory, and vice versa, from the 1920s onwards. We first shed light on that dialectics by analysing the attitude of writers as self-proclaimed dream specialists, as compared with scientists. In doing so, we show the epistemic limitations of these accounts of dreams, as they struggle to qualify as scientific documents. We also delineate the ways in which writers try to assert their legitimacy in the face of scientific and psychoanalytic discourses. Finally, we suggest that literature does contribute to our understanding of dreams by proposing its own singular, specific approach to them. And in return, we show how writers focusing on dreams are led to conceive of their own art in a new way.The second part of the dissertation tackles the aesthetics of dream narratives. It highlights the wide variety of these texts, from surrealistic recollections of dreams by André Breton, Paul Eluard or Robert Desnos, to contemporary fictional short stories by Marcel Béalu or Frédérick Tristan. Conflicted definitions of dream narratives emphasise the non literariness of the genre while others point to its poetic and literary quality. It then focuses on Michel Leiris’s work and the formalistic approach developed by Georges Perec and Raymond Queneau in the 1960s ans 1970s, and eventually identifies Jean Paulhan’s new manner of narrating dreams, which inspired Henri Michaux, Marcel Béalu and Frédérick Tristan. These later texts are not only inspired by true dreams but let us read as if they were.Overall, the thesis emphasises the social and artistic function of the dream, which we apprehend as a means of understanding the enigmatic state of consciousness that is sleep
Harada, Misao. "La Cohérence du texte chez André Breton. Une étude de quatre oeuvres : Nadja, Les Vases communicants, L’Amour fou et Arcane 17." Thesis, Paris 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA030038.
Full textThis study aims at clarifying the textual coherence in four autobiographical narratives of the Surrealist Poet André Breton: Nadja, Les Vases communicants, L’Amour fou and Arcane 17, which we propose to call “bretonian tetralogy”. Our main thesis is the central importance, in this “tetralogy”, of acts and means of convincing the reader of the genuineness of Surrealism. And the author succeeds in establishing a dynamic tête-à-tête relation with his reader, which endows each narrative with its inward coherence. Photography plays a key role in this rhetoric scheme, and we put forward the interpretation of “bretonian tetralogy” as a variation of 19th century’s illustrated book modernized by the medium and visualization device. On the basis of Freud’s theory about dream and theatricality, we demonstrate that these narratives must be considered as virtual theatres since incorporated theatricality is a way of reminding and exploiting, in the shape of a text, the discourse situation underway between communication partners; Breton and his reader
Heulin, Antony. "La mort dans l'oeuvre de Yann-Ber Kalloc'h et Loeiz Herrieu : analyse de l´idée de la mort dans les poèmes de Yann-Ber Kalloc´h écrits pendant la Première Guerre mondiale et dans le récit de guerre Kammdro an Ankoù, Le Tournant de la mort, de Loeiz Herrieu." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REN20029/document.
Full textThe present thesis focuses on the conception of death in Breton writer Loeiz Herrieu’s story Kammdro an Ankou U – At the turn of Death, drawned from August 1914 to February 1919, as well as in Breton poet Yann-Ber Kalloc'h’s poems from his anthology Ar in Deulin – On my knees, written in Breton at the beginning of World War I. It fits within the scope of civilisation studies. First and foremost, the concepts of death and war are defined and illustrated through various sources and references, which give the reader insight into both men’s and their contemporaries’ mindsets. Besides, this thesis examines how Loeiz Herrieu and Yann-Ber Kalloc’h expressed their respective conception of death in their respective works. The critical comparison thus brings to light not only the very nature of the collective representations which influenced these works – especially those originating from the Catholic or nationalist, both Breton and French, imagination – but also to what extend the unprecedented conditions induced by the Great War forced these two men to invent new representations through their creation. Consequently, they gained a certain amount of individual freedom and a voice of their own, in this crucial moment of transition between tradition and modernity in society. Such a transition introduces the complete break of the development of individualism in European societies. In this perspective, the perception of Loeiz Herrieu and Yann-Ber Kalloc’h’s works improves the current understanding of the Breton folk’s state of mind at the beginning of the 20th century and of the reasons why Breton men accepted to go and sacrifice their lives on the battlefield in the name of France
Desvaux, Marie-Francine Mansour. "Le surréalisme à travers Joyce Mansour : peinture et poésie, le miroir du désir." Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010520/document.
Full textJoyce Manour 's work is a striking, sometimes anguishing example of Breton's concept of « communicating vessels » : the subconscious's hidden wounds seep into her writing leaving traces of desire, death and an inextinguishable yet desparate will to live. Parallel to this, the very visual, camal nature of her words provides a « mirror of desire » which enables the intimate echoing between her poetry and the works of her artist friends. Through their collaborations, they sublimate, enhance, comment on and illustrate each other. Each in their own way, they share the same anguish. commit the same transgressions, exercise the sa me freedom. Art and poetry connect deeply. This thesis aims to follow the symbiosis between images, words and experiences which characterises Joyce Mansours work. It reveals itself in the collection of Oceanic art she built up with her husbanc, Samir Mansour ; in the Objets méchants she created using material gleaned from scrapyards or bought at the BHV ... which express a need to intensify daily life, seek its essence in order to escape tedium ; in the elective affinities she shares with with the artists that enrich her works, as she does theirs. This « mirror of desire» is both personal - an expression of the poetess' s destiny, haunted by death and its traumas - and collective, as it seems to reflect the phantasmagorical landscape of a generation hungry for freedom, but haunted, like Joyce Mansour, by the mass graves of successive wars, and in rebellion against the non-life of the living
Cavallaro, Adrien. "Rimbaud et le rimbaldisme. XIXe-XXe siècle." Thesis, Paris 4, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA040117.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to reforge the rimbaldian reception studies by substituting rimbaldism, a positive notion, for the negative notion of myth, invented by Étiemble in the early 1950’s. While myth is described as a collective error of interpretation and distinguishes between Rimbaud and the reception, rimbaldism is a way to pay attention to the links between these two fields ; the point of view is strictly poetical. The corpus includes the most important rimbaldian authors from the end of the 19th century, at a time when a symbolist reception was promoting Rimbaud’s works, to the middle of the 20th century, at a time when the writers criticism is progressively overwhelmed by universitary criticism : Aragon, Breton, Claudel, Jacques Rivière, Léon-Paul Fargue, Max Jacob, Gustave Kahn, Paul Verlaine are the most important authors of this corpus. The issues of such an analysis (historiographical, hermeneutical and poetical) are rimbaldian and extrarimbaldian. The literary approach of reception is a way to think about what becomes of Rimbaud’s poetry during the 20th century, and at the same time it is an original way to study this poetry. But the main issue is the approach of an original modern language, a sort of collective mental grammar according to which modern poetry itself is theorized during the period
Yaghoubi, Seyedvahid. "L'esthétique de la courbe dans la poésie surréaliste." Thesis, Mulhouse, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MULH7515.
Full textIn Bergson’s school of thought the knowledge of the inside world is achieved through intuition, and in the Surrealism artistic movement it’s through the “voyage of imagination” that one achieves the discovery of the reality beyond this world. The former reaches the concept of “duration”, while the result of the latter’s poetic efforts is the dissolution of logic and the moving of the boundaries of time and space. In his philosophical musings, Bergson discovers the true form of the “duration” which is the curved line, a movement based on grace and the union of the three tenses. At the same time, the surrealist artists will reach through their poetic and artistic creation something that is very similar to Bergson’s philosophy. It is then that Julien Gracq’s analysis about surrealism being closer to Bergson than to Freud becomes meaningful to us.That being in consideration, the aim of this work will be to reveal the close proximity between the surrealist artists and Bergson, and doing so identify the place of the bergsonian “duration” and its spatio-temporal qualities, namely “continuity in time” and “simultaneity”, in surrealist art. This research, entitled “Esthetics of the curve in surrealist poetry” aims to bring the evidence of the presence of the concept of the curve and its formal and internal qualities like fluidity, graciousness and the serpentine and cyclic qualities, in the art and poetry of the surrealism
Belin, Olivier. "René Char et le surréalisme." Paris 4, 2008. http://ezproxy.normandie-univ.fr/login?url=https://www.classiques-garnier.com/numerique-bases/garnier?filename=obiMS01.
Full textRené Char officially belonged to the surrealist movement from 1930 to 1934. For all that, did the movement have a profound impact on his poetry ? This thesis sets out to answer in the affirmative by reconsidering the place of surrealism in the whole corpus published by Char from 1928 to 1988, in the light of unpublished correspondences or manuscripts. In the first part, it is a chronological study of the pre-war books which shows how the surrealist stage enabled Char, by attraction or repulsion, to form his own aesthetic and intellectual positions. The second part examines all of the post-war texts from different angles so as to reveal the persistence of the surrealist heritage, since Char constantly goes back to surrealism to define the meaning of his works, poetics, political tendencies, ethical thoughts or stylistic choices. Thus Char’s evolution provides a remarkable example of the dissemination of surrealism in the twentieth century French poetry
Martah, Mohamed. "La réception critique de Lautréamont et de son oeuvre." Paris 12, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA120032.
Full textA challenge. This is how the reading of ducasse's work could be qualified. The hermetisme of his poetical works seems to discourage even the hermetically experienced readers, but which, in reality, invites them to taste <> whitch are les chants. . . And poesies. From challenge to risk, from risk to interpretation, from interpretation to the history readings, such is the progress of the critical reception of lautreamont and his works. From an aesthetic experience to anather, lautreamont proves more and more accessible and more and more readable. Thanks to critical works of leon bloy, andre breton, salvador dali, gaston bachelard, maurice blanchot, philippe sollers, and many others, the reading of ducasse's poetical works materializes in a production of critical texts. They attest to the reception of lautreamont, to his eminent place in the process of reading
Romano, Pace Alba. "Endre Rozsda : la pluralité du regard surréaliste." Thesis, Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010560.
Full text«The eye exists in its privative state. [...] but who is to draw up the scale of vision ?» By the question which initiates "Surrealism and painting", Breton revealed how complex is to provide a definition of a surrealist painter. The book's title itself is symptomatic : Breton did not write about the surrealist painting but about surrealism and painting. He associated different painters who shared a vision close to the surrealist poetic. He never specified how this vision is expressed on art. What is the element that makes a work of art a surrealist work of art ? Focusing on the concept of "absolute automatism", introduced in the 1939, these doctoral studies wish to clarify how the Breton's theory of automatism and the Matta's theory of "Morphological psychologies" are intertwined and led to the surrealist painting of : "lnners worlds" which resulted into the American abstract expressionism. Endre Rozsda is a part of the artistes who had choice this way. On "Surrealism and painting" his name is associate with painters like : Dominguez, Matta, Paalen. The Hungarian artist joined the movernent in the 1957. His work bridged the deep-rooted imaginary world of Hungary and the surrealism. Focusing on the historical context, this thesis wishes to highlight the importance of the Rozsda's art in the Hungarian as well as in the European culture. In addition it investigates on a relationship between Breton and the artists of the European School and it is analyzed, by inedited documentations, the lack of an official surrealist movement in Budapest. Moreover, this work aim to prove how the Rozsda's painting after the Second War World represent a rare example of surrealist automatist Hungarian art
Ferdjani, Youssef. "Le voyage intérieur dans Le tiers livre de Rabelais, Le voyage sentimental de Sterne, Au coeur des ténêbres de Conrad et Voyage au bout de la nuit de Céline." Paris 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA030016.
Full textThe Third Book,A Sentimental Journey,Heart of Darkness and Journey to the End of the Night tell the story of a journey in which the places visited by the main character have less importance than the changes taking place in his consciousness. The journey becomes a quest for the lost meaning of things,through which the authors suggest a reflection on interpretation understanding of the other and the possibility to reach knowledge. These are therefore inner journeys that allow characters to know themselves better. These works,which are modern since they are influenced by various genres,also have a philosophical and metaphysical dimension because they analyse the place and the role of man in the universe
Menou, Hervé. "La prise de possession de l'espace et la projection vers l'avenir dans l'oeuvre de Julien Gracq." Paris 12, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA120103.
Full textIt is now possible to have a global vision of gracq's works. As julien gracq stopped writing fiction after 1970, the features of the investment of the self and the main axes of the imaginary can be defined by taking into account the novelistic, poetic, critical, autobiographical aspects. In order to throughly understand the writing modes of the gracq self, it is necessary to study the writer's relationship towards literature and andre breton's emblematic figure. Like in traditional autobiographies, gracqian writing neither dismisses the filiations in the strict sense of the word nor the more literary ones, built and imagined. Gracqian writing proposes a somewhat classical pattern of memory, but the author never undertakes to make a complete narration of his private life; by means of a fragmentary style of writing, he offers a literary, sometimes ambiguous image of the self. This work of literary composition finds its full meaning in an intimate relation to time and space, first of all in the representations of childhood presented as true personal myths. On the other hand, gracqian autobiographical writing is extremely dependent on history. Studying the relation of the self to space reveals new data: the urban space, first of all the city of nantes, offers possibilities of imaginary projections, always present in the works, that have been easy to identify since un beau tenebreux. Strolling in life and literature, gracq grants growing importance to the representations of the self and the town, thus bringing to light the relation of privacy to the main favorite themes of his works