Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Brevets d'invention publics'
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Palazzoli, Fabien. "Exploitation de l'information brevets dans un laboratoire de recherche public : identification de niches de développement technologique en bioproduction en en thérapie génique." Thesis, Tours, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TOUR4034/document.
Full textIn a world where the innovation race is increasing fast, it is of economic importance for an innovative company or a public research laboratory to develop a strategy for the protection and enhancement of its inventions is efficient Protection of results through patents is critical for the industrial development of biotechnology which are an innovative and promising sector where R&D requires considerable financial investments. Beyond this fundamental interest, patents are also a source of information on technological, legal and strategic, which can be exploited through patent landscapes. These studies are a key tool for decision supportin R&D since they allow to identify research strategies of competitors and technological niches free from of Intellectual Property rights
Baranyanka, Philibert, and Philibert Baranyanka. "La problématique des brevets et de l'accès aux médicaments dans les pays en développement par l'approche des biens publics mondiaux." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26100.
Full textLe problème posé par les brevets dans le secteur de la santé, notamment dans l’accès aux nouveaux médicaments par les populations à faibles revenus des pays en développement, s’est posé après l’entrée en vigueur de l’Accord sur les ADPIC, dans la foulée de la création de l’OMC, en janvier 1995. Bien que cette question soit connue et documentée, les solutions proposées n’ont pas permis de la résoudre. Cette thèse soutient que l’approche adoptée jusqu’ici qui est essentiellement fondée sur l’idée d’aide publique au développement ou sur des considérations éthiques n’est pas appropriée pour y apporter une réponse adéquate et efficace. Elle propose donc de changer de paradigme et d’analyser la question sous une autre approche, celle des biens publics mondiaux. En partant de la définition et des caractéristiques de ce concept, elle montre que les données brevetées rentrent dans cette catégorie de biens. À partir de cette conclusion, elle suggère que la résolution de ce problème passe par le financement des brevets et de la recherche médicale par des fonds publics internationaux. Ainsi, les brevets portant sur les inventions les plus innovants seraient rachetés par un mécanisme international institué à cette fin et dont les ressources proviendraient de la participation de tous, comme pour les biens publics nationaux. Cette proposition s’appuie sur des précédents. En effet, bien qu’il soit encore à ses débuts, le financement international des biens publics mondiaux est un mécanisme qui se met en place et semble convaincre les pays, notamment dans le domaine de l’environnement, de la nécessité de gérer collectivement le problème du réchauffement climatique. Avec l’internationalisation de plus en plus croissante des épidémies dans le sillage de la circulation mondialisée des biens et des personnes, la lutte internationalisée contre ces épidémies se présente aussi comme un impératif parce que la communauté de la menace est évidente. Cependant, l’opérationnalisation de cette lutte est confrontée à certaines difficultés, étant donné qu’il n’existe pas d’autorité supranationale pour assurer la participation de tous à cet effort. Comme sur le plan interne, ce sont ces problèmes de gestion de l’action collective que l’humanité doit contrôler dans le but de répondre efficacement aux défis auxquels elle doit faire face. Mots clés : accès aux médicaments, brevets, biens publics mondiaux, Accord sur les ADPIC, fonds internationaux, licences obligatoires, pays en développement.
The problem posed by patents in the healthcare sector, in particular in the access to new medicine by the low-income populations of developing countries, has arose after the coming into force of the TRIPS Agreement, following the creation of the WTO in january 1995. Although the question is known and documented, the proposed solutions did not allow solving it. This thesis supports that the approach adopted up to here which is essentially based on the idea of public aid in the development or on the ethical considerations is not adequate. It thus suggests changing paradigm and analyzing the question under another approach, that of the concept of the global public goods. After analyzing the definition and the characteristics of this concept, the thesis concludes that the patented data go into this category of the global public goods. From this conclusion, it suggests that the resolution of this problem passes by the financing of these world public goods by international public money. So, patents concerning the most innovative inventions would be acquired by an international mechanism established to this end and the resources of which would come from the participation of all, as for the national public goods. Although it is still in its early stages, the international financing of the global public goods is a mechanism which is set up, in particular in the field of the environment to manage collectively the problem of the global warming. With the more and more increasing internationalization of the epidemics in the trail of the globalized flows of goods and people, the common fight against these epidemics appears from now as an obvious fact. However, the implementation of this fight is confronted with certain difficulties, given that there is no supranational authority to assure the participation of all in this effort. As on the internal plan, it is these problems of the collective action that the humanity has to control in order to manage effectively the challenges which it has to face. Key words: Access to medicine, patents, world public goods, TRIPS Agreement, international funds, the compulsory licenses, developing countries.
The problem posed by patents in the healthcare sector, in particular in the access to new medicine by the low-income populations of developing countries, has arose after the coming into force of the TRIPS Agreement, following the creation of the WTO in january 1995. Although the question is known and documented, the proposed solutions did not allow solving it. This thesis supports that the approach adopted up to here which is essentially based on the idea of public aid in the development or on the ethical considerations is not adequate. It thus suggests changing paradigm and analyzing the question under another approach, that of the concept of the global public goods. After analyzing the definition and the characteristics of this concept, the thesis concludes that the patented data go into this category of the global public goods. From this conclusion, it suggests that the resolution of this problem passes by the financing of these world public goods by international public money. So, patents concerning the most innovative inventions would be acquired by an international mechanism established to this end and the resources of which would come from the participation of all, as for the national public goods. Although it is still in its early stages, the international financing of the global public goods is a mechanism which is set up, in particular in the field of the environment to manage collectively the problem of the global warming. With the more and more increasing internationalization of the epidemics in the trail of the globalized flows of goods and people, the common fight against these epidemics appears from now as an obvious fact. However, the implementation of this fight is confronted with certain difficulties, given that there is no supranational authority to assure the participation of all in this effort. As on the internal plan, it is these problems of the collective action that the humanity has to control in order to manage effectively the challenges which it has to face. Key words: Access to medicine, patents, world public goods, TRIPS Agreement, international funds, the compulsory licenses, developing countries.
Doganova, Liliana. "Faire valoir l'exploration collective : dynamiques, instruments et résultats des partenariats avec des spin-offs académiques." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00564115.
Full textLe, Quéré Olivier. "Inventions biotechnologiques et droit commun des brevets." Caen, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010CAEN0094.
Full textEuropean patent right was going, with the adoption of the 98/44/CE directive, through an extension of the appropriation of biological products and processes. This movement has stalled, though, first when implementing the text in some EU countries, then the interpretation that finally gave the Court of Justice. However, to limit the questionable effects of granting such patents, it seems finally that it is a particular law that is applied apply when the invention is biological. Such an approach is questionable and can be avoided. It is possible to interpret the patent law in relation to its function: to reward the inventor and encourage the sharing of the invention. This leads to the conclusion that the invention does not reside in the product or process, but the contribution of the inventor to society. It then becomes possible to apply this definition to existing products and processes with human intervention, thus distinguishing its monopoly form what is not appropriated without a derogatory law. Once this definition is proposed, it must be checked if the conditions for patentability apply similarly between biotechnological inventions and inert inventions. If the “traditional” conditions were adapted without any real difficulty, although some progress towards a uniform application can still be proposed, it must be noted however that “ordre public” and morality have seen their roles too small, while it is face to a biotechnological inventions that they should give their full extent
Pénin, Julien. "Open knowledge disclosure, collective innovations and incomplete information." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2004. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2004/PENIN_Julien_2004.pdf.
Full textThe topic of this thesis deals with behaviours of open knowledge disclosure. In particular, we investigate the economic motives that encourage firms to adopt such behaviours. What are the reasons that lead rational profit-seeking firms to let their researchers publish their work in scientific journals or present their researches in conferences? We put a specific emphasis on reputation effects that are triggered by open knowledge disclosure and that can facilitate, for instance, the formation of cooperative links among agents who are part of the innovation process. We start this thesis by a reminder of the classical theory of knowledge externalities, which enables us to show that it is by endogenising knowledge externalities that economic scholars came to deal with behaviours of open knowledge disclosure. Then we give a definition of open knowledge disclosure. We also provide an overview of empirical evidence and economic rationales of such behaviours. In the third chapter we show, with the help of a simple model that, due to problems of adverse selection, firms willing to collaborate in R&D may wish to openly disclose knowledge in order to increase their reputation, which in turn may facilitate the establishment of links with other agents. In the fourth chapter we develop a theoretical model describing the formation of R&D collaborations among firms, with specific emphasis put on the role played by open knowledge disclosure during this process. The model is then tested with numerical simulations. In the last chapter, we focus on the role of patents as devices to openly disclose knowledge. By combining a theoretical discussion on patents with the first elements of a case study in the field of biotechnologies we show that firms may sometimes value the function disclosure of the knowledge underlying a given innovationʺ of patents as much as the function protection of a given innovationʺ
Borges, Gouvea Barroso Wanise. "Elaboration et mise à disposition d'une base de données de documents de brevet tombés dans le domaine public." Toulon, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOUL0005.
Full textIn this work, we present the advantages of elaborating a tool that certainly will contribute to the technological and economical development of the brazilian enterprises, mainly the SMEs. This tool consists of a database that contains patent documents in public domain, i. E. , inventions that can be legally and freely explored, reproduced or improved by interested enterprises without payment of royalties because they are of public domain technology in the Brazilian territory, enabling technological and economical profits for the Brazilian enterprises and Brazil. We have traced the profile of the patent documents filed in Brazil through the database from the brazilian Trademark and Patent Office - INPI, and verified that the Office has documents from 1971 to the 2002, and about 250,000 patents documents, where, approximately, 140,000 (56%) are in public domain. This database contains inventions of all technological areas, and the biggest documental incidences occur in "human necessities" and "chemistry" areas
Trabelsi, Donia. "Capital risque : fonctionnement, sortie par introduction en bourse, investissement séquentiel et financement de l'innovation." Paris 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA010003.
Full textHsu, Hsiao-Fen. "L'ordre public et les bonnes moeurs en droit des brevets : contribution à l’étude du droit comparé : Europe, Taïwan, Chine, États-unis." Strasbourg, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009STRA4011.
Full textThe notions of morality and ordre public criteria have a long tradition in most systems of patent law. This shows that industrial creations must be compatible with the basic rules of society, like any other social activities. These notions exist not only in patent law; instead, they have been developed and applied in different branches of law. It is important to translate these legal standards into the specific context and language used in patent law. In modern patent law, morality and ordre pubic criteria have been revived in the context of biotechnological inventions by taking into account these new concepts. Compared to their previous use, the new morality and ordre public criteria are softer in their control function and have a more protective aspect. Their control function has been increasingly implemented and their role in the hierarchy of interests and in the delineation of the scope of patent protection has been strengthened. The objective of this study is to determine the constitutive elements and functions of these notions in patent law. The comparative law perspective allows in particular to illustrate the use of these criteria in different legal systems. The study is divided into two parts: First, the definition, descriptions and roles of morality and ordre public criteria are examined. Second, the application of these criteria in practice are analysed, in order to find an interpretation of those legal standards that is coherent and useful to the development of patent law
Casas, correa Maribel. "L’architecture théâtrale en France de la Révolution au Second Empire : théorie, innovation, réglementation, réalisations." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLV098.
Full textTheatre architecture in France fromFrench Revolution to Second Empiretheory, innovation, legislation, constructionAt the dawn of the Revolution, a vague of theatrical constructions embraces France. The impulse which had been given under Louis XV to theatres bear now fruit. Furthermore, despite the opposition of the Church, the French society expresses a real enthusiasm for spectacles that one will later call “theatremania”. During the whole nineteenth century, theatres occupy a privileged position in the cultural and social life in France. The theatrical buildings contribute to crystallize the ambitions of the attended public. By consequence, theatres are an object of thinking, weather it is on the level of architectural theory, or on the level of innovation. Representing a typology of public buildings which host a very numerous and a very diversified public, the theatre becomes a privileged space of experimentation, in terms of public health as well as in terms of techniques. The noise pollution which accompanies its integration within the city, and the numerous fires that destroy a lot of theatres across Europe, lead the public administration to regulate more and more the functioning of theatres, to a point that these new regulations have an enormous impact on the architectural development of theatres.In this context, the theatrical architecture of the first half of nineteenth century takes several aspects which this work explores in order to illuminate the rise of the so-called theatre « à la française », of which Garnier’s Opéra de Paris will become the most prominent example
Törnquist-Chesnier, Marie. "Expertise et éthique dans la fabrication du droit international public : la contribution des organisations non gouvernementales : trois cas d'étude." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004IEPP0030.
Full textRikabi, Mouaz. "Les droits de la propriété intellectuelle et l'intérêt général : approche en droit d’auteur et en droit des brevets." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0019.
Full textThe evolution of the industrial economy towards the economy of knowledge has propelled intellectual property to the forefront. Intellectual property has become integrated in all the domains of the modern life. As a result, it has become a necessity to protect it effectively through appropriate legal rules that encourage creators to continue to provide new creations. However, the specificity of the nature of the work protected by intellectual property requires the consideration of multiple conflicting interests. As such, the legislator has sought, in the name of the general interest, to create a fair internal balance between the main interests present within the system of intellectual property rights. Nevertheless, the exercise of the prerogatives granted by the intellectual property system, carried out by the owner of intellectual property, has caused an important expansion of the interests of this owner, to the detriment of other concurrent interests. This has consequently caused a break in the internal balance of the system, instigated by the legislator. Nonetheless, the general interest can play a key role in restoring balance through the application of external rules to the intellectual property regime. In this perspective, the judge can, by using his creative power of jurisprudence, use the general interest as a guideline to restore balance in the intellectual property system. The general interest justifies thus, as well as the intrinsic limits to intellectual property rights, the extrinsic limits to these rights
Bronzo, Nicolas. "Propriété intellectuelle et valorisation des résultats de la recherche publique." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX32064.
Full textFor the last thirty years, valorisation of research results has been deemed a main objective for public research organisations. This trend has been emphasised by the emergence of a knowledge-based economy. Immaterial productions of scientific research are now plainly seen as assets that need to be used on the market to encourage growth.In order to achieve this goal, public research stakeholders are pressed by authorities to summon intellectual property rights, in contradiction with the open science model. The use of intellectual property rights for the needs of valorisation gives rise to a tension between a business-oriented perspective and the norms of sharing and openness that prevail among the scientific community.The aim of this thesis is to study the intricate interactions existing between intellectual property and valorisation of public research results. There are numerous points of contact, such as defining what is subject matter for intellectual property among scientific research results and who is entitled to the intellectual property rights, or fostering the technology transfer toward industry. It will be shown the mechanisms underlying intellectual property do not collide with the norms of public research. Quite the opposite, intellectual property is to be favoured since it can provide public research organisations with a subtle balance between reservation and dissemination of knowledge, hence fulfilling the goals of valorisation
Useche, Diego. "Les droits de la propriété Intellectuelle et les marchés financiers dans la stratégie des firmes du logiciel en Europe et aux Etats-Unis." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0048/document.
Full textThe success of the US innovation model to help start-ups emerge as global leaders has greatly influenced many regulatory changes on Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) and the external finance of firms in Europe. This study aims to analyze the role and importance of these changes in the organization and performance of software firms. We show that multiple regulatory mutations of IPR have paved the way for some kind of “restricted” patentability of software in Europe. In parallel, via changes in financial markets, they play an increasing role in the growth and development of young innovative companies. In addition, it seems that the strategic use of patents is complementary with software firms’ access to capital markets. We study this complementarity by analyzing the value of patents as signals for IPO markets and their impact in the likelihood of survival of newly-listed companies. We argue that this complementarity may explain the increased importance of patents in a sector where patents are highly controversial. It refers to a particular market selection process and the appearance of winning and losing actors
Hennequin-Marc, Lucile. "La propriété intellectuelle des personnes publiques." Thesis, Paris 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA020052/document.
Full textIntellectual Property (IP) is enough polymorphic to be applied to both private individuals and publicentities (understood as the State, administrative districts having legal personality, and public institutions). This is not about denying the specificity of public entities, who are entrusted with particular prerogatives, and subjected to specific rules because of their identity and the nature of their missions. The purpose of our study is to demonstrate that IP submits both public entities and private individuals to a common legal system, which is set to meet the requirements inherent to public entities. Thus, public entities have expanded powers over private individuals, through acquisition and exploitation of their intellectual assets. This is the expression, in IP, of the specific prerogatives thatpublic entities enjoy as part of their missions. However, public entities are also subjected to strengthened bonds, which are the result of general obligations placed upon them, such as the protection of public assets. Finally, the emergence of new dynamics related to IP such as open data represents a major evolution of this science that public entities must understand to adapt to new challenges of public IP
Loum-Neeser, N'deye fatou. "Les pays en développement et la brevetabilité des médicaments en matière de lutte contre le VIH/SIDA : étude de droit comparé sur les controverses actuelles concernant le rôle des brevets pharmaceutiques dans l'accès aux médicaments de traitement du VIH/SIDA des pays en voie de développement." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012STRAA034/document.
Full textIn developing countries, problems brought about by HIV/AIDS and inaccessibility of antiretrovirals (ARVs) are proving to be the cause of serious damages at all levels (demographic, political, social and economic). Within the context of the World Trade Organization, and in particular the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (“TRIPS Agreement”), a growing number of developing countries have integrated or are in the process of integrating into their national law an international standard of patent protection for pharmaceutical products and processes. Such integration continues to play a major role in the issue of access to medicines in developing countries. The conditions and effects of the protection regime respecting innovations give rise to heated debates between supporters of an increased patent protection and defenders of the access to essential medicines. One of the main motivations for our research is to provide a study that helps to find solutions that are both in favour of improving access to medicines and protecting innovation. The complex problem of access to ARV drugs in developing countries is influenced by the multidisciplinarity and interdependence of many factors. The patent system does not solve the problem on its own. However, it should be seriously considered in its function of balancing the private and collective interests. It is a valuable legal tool for the economic and technological development of the developing countries and to achieve the common interest against the pandemic