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Journal articles on the topic 'Brick-facing'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 26 July 2024

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Taxman, Faye S. "Brick Walls Facing Reentering Offenders." International Journal of Comparative and Applied Criminal Justice 29, no. 1 (2005): 5–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01924036.2005.9678729.

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2

Datsenko, B. M., N. P. Grebenyuk, O. V. Khromenko, and S. I. Krupa. "Improvement of facing brick production." Glass and Ceramics 57, no. 5-6 (2000): 177–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02681270.

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3

Wu, Xiao Yan, and Yi Ying Luo. "The Surface Characteristics of Exterior Wall External Insulation System with Foamed Glass in Weathering Resistance Test." Advanced Materials Research 476-478 (February 2012): 1596–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.476-478.1596.

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A weathering resistance test was made to exterior wall external insulation systems with foamed glass decorated with coating and facing brick in this paper. The results show that the change of ambient temperature has large effect on the external insulation systems. Because of the phenomenon of stress concentration, there are many cracks in the windows position. On the other hand, the system decorated with facing brick has much less cracks than the system with coating, and its surface layer has no hollowing. So from the perspective of weathering resistance, the exterior wall external insulation

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4

Inchik, V. V. "«Brick style» and facing brick manufacturing in Saint-Petersburg province in the XIX century." Вестник гражданских инженеров 15, no. 5 (2018): 117–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.23968/1999-5571-2018-15-5-117-122.

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5

Kandoria, Vikrant Singh, Ishan Tank, Dr Amit Goyal, Khushwant ., and Loveleen Kaur. "Development of Geopolymer Brick Using Fly Ash." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 4 (2022): 2725–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.41878.

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Abstract: This research looked on the use of geopolymer brick in the construction industry. The need for bricks is rising rapidly. For example, all brick kilns rely on good quality clay from agricultural fields. Another issue facing the brick industry is the creation of high-temperature bricks, which necessitates fossil fuels. This method produces a lot of CO2 and uses a lot of fossil fuels. Due to the high energy consumption and lack of natural resources, geopolymer brick is a more sustainable and greener material. Geopolymer brick is made from waste materials such as fly ash, rice husk, and

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6

Shchikaltsova, D. I., Yu T. Platov, V. A. Rassulov, R. A. Platova, and E. Yu Romanova. "Color Assessment of Facing Brick by UV-VIS-NIR Spectroscopy." Stroitel'nye Materialy 787, no. 12 (2020): 16–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.31659/0585-430x-2020-787-12-16-20.

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Diffuse reflection UV-VIS-NIR spectroscopy was used to study changes in the color of facing bricks from the content of the additive of manganese tetraoxide (Mn3O4) into the ceramic mass. This investigation was shown that with an increase of the additive content, both the intensity of the absorption bands of colored bricks corresponding to hematite decreases, and the absorption intensity increases with a shift in the maximum of the wide absorption band from the visible to the near-infrared range of the spectrum. By changing the values of the color coordinates in the CIE L*a*b* and Mansell syste

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Oelbrandt, B., and K. Allacker. "Residential Brick Buildings in Flanders: materials and techniques in the 19^th century." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1196, no. 1 (2023): 012066. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1196/1/012066.

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Abstract This paper aims at gaining insight in the various elements and compositions of walls with facing bricks built in the 19th century in Belgium to understand the renovation potential and challenges, with the goal of safeguarding brick architecture. The first step outlines the evolution of building facing brick walls by tracing the technical, territorial, and cultural changes. Timeframes are identified and presented alongside pictures of facades and facade details of reference buildings, using the housing stock in the city centre of Antwerp as an example. In a second step, technical chang

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8

Ginchitskaia, Iuliia, Grigory Yakovlev, Olga Kizinievich, et al. "Damage to Polymer Coating on Facing Brick Surface in Operated Buildings." Procedia Engineering 195 (2017): 189–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2017.04.543.

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9

Dovzhenko, I. G. "Light-tone ceramic facing brick manufacture using ferrous-metallurgy by-products." Glass and Ceramics 68, no. 7-8 (2011): 247–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10717-011-9364-2.

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10

Wu, Jianfeng, Guanghui Leng, Xiaohong Xu, Yaxiang Zhang, Xinbin Lao, and Kun Li. "Preparation and properties of ceramic facing brick from East-lake sediment." Journal of Wuhan University of Technology-Mater. Sci. Ed. 27, no. 1 (2012): 154–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11595-012-0427-1.

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11

Избицкая, Юлия, Yuliya Izbitskaya, Светлана Калошина, and Svetlana Kaloshina. "INVESTIGATION OF METHODS FOR REPAIRING THE BRICK FACING LAYER OF MULTILAYER WALLS." Construction and Architecture 7, no. 2 (2019): 57–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/article_5d4c0a3c044949.21004615.

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This article discusses the methods of repairing the brick facing layer of multilayer walls: repair and restoration of vertical and horizontal expansion joints; use when strengthening repair connections and anchor connections; injection and re-inforcement of cracks; Fibre Reinforced Cementitious Matrix and direct repair of brickwork. The conclusion is made about the importance of choosing the right method of repair and the factors affecting it.

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12

Skripnikova, N. K., O. A. Kunts, and A. B. Ulmasov,. "Glass and metallurgical wastes in facing ceramics production." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo arkhitekturno-stroitel'nogo universiteta. JOURNAL of Construction and Architecture 23, no. 6 (2021): 165–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.31675/1607-1859-2021-23-6-165-171.

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Purpose: The aim of this work is facing ceramic brick production using glass and metallurgical wastes. Methodology: Compressive strength, density, water absorption testing. Findings: The facing ceramic specimens are obtained at a 1050 °C baking temperature by using a mixture consisting of 40 % clay and 60 % broken glass. The operating modes for the laboratory specimen fabrication are selected such that they possess 2064 kg/m3 density and 42.24 MPa compressive strength. The specimens are characterized by the formation of close pores.

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13

Zakiryo, Buzrukov, and Adkhamjon Abdurahmonov. "Some structural aspects of heat resistant plates from brick fight." E3S Web of Conferences 401 (2023): 04065. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202340104065.

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The article describes some aspects of analyzing structures of heat-resistant reinforced concrete slabs designed to cover the surface of brick ovens. Fragments of crushed stone from bricks were obtained as the main filler in manufacturing heat-resistant facing slabs. The plate is reinforced for strength, and its protective zone is offset to the neutral axis to protect the armature from temperature. Contains analytical data on scientific research over the years, problems, conclusions about the need for research, the results of experimental tests, and the results of studies of porosity and struct

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14

NAUMOV, A. A. "Facing and Clinker Brick from Siliceous Raw Material of the Shevchenko Deposit." Stroitel'nye Materialy 747, no. 4 (2017): 14–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.31659/0585-430x-2017-747-4-14-17.

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15

Carretero-Ayuso, Manuel J., and María Paz Sáez-Pérez. "Construction flaws in facing brick facades and the risk of associated litigation." Journal of Building Engineering 33 (January 2021): 101633. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2020.101633.

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16

Harsandaldeep Kaur. "Digital Transformation in Retail: Strategies for Brick-and-Mortar Stores." Universal Research Reports 11, no. 4 (2024): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.36676/urr.v11.i4.1295.

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Digital transformation has become imperative for brick-and-mortar retail stores facing the challenge of adapting to evolving consumer behaviors and competitive pressures in the digital age. This paper explores strategies and best practices for leveraging digital technologies to enhance customer experience, optimize operations, and drive growth in traditional retail environments. The rapid adoption of online shopping, mobile commerce, and digital platforms has reshaped consumer expectations and shopping habits. Brick-and-mortar retailers must embrace digital transformation initiatives to remain

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17

Deshko, Valerii, Inna Bilous, Nadia Buyak, Hanna Hetmanchuk, Maksym Hurieiev, and Tatjana Odineca. "Parametric Analysis of Heat Flows Through Building Envelope Considering Orientation, Massiveness, and Intermittent Heating Modes." Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska 27 (March 12, 2025): 110–20. https://doi.org/10.54740/ros.2025.010.

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The study's objective is to conduct a parametric analysis of the components of the building's heat balance, and a parametric analysis of heat flows in buildings with different thermal and physical properties. To this end, a non-stationary multi-zone energy model of a multi-story building was developed, which was then utilized to ascertain the components of the energy balance of a pilot room under various temperature control regimes of the heating system, the massiveness of internal and exterior walls, the insulation of the exterior wall, and contingent on the purpose of the room. Two distinct

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18

Rajbhar, Abhishek. "CoolGuru E-Commerce Website using Sentiment Analysis Prediction." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 08, no. 05 (2024): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem34320.

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The Cool Guru is a brick-and-mortar establishment that has been repurposed into a fulfillment center. These distribution hubs are not accessible to the general public, allowing for ample inventory space and efficient order fulfillment. Cool Gurus offer an extensive and ever-expanding array of resources, enabling customers to purchase products online with options for same-day delivery or even within hours, as well as in-store pickup. While the concept is not novel, various companies, including Whole Foods, Walmart, Target, Bed Bath & Beyond, and numerous major clothing retailers, have emplo

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Rajbhar, Abhishek. "Cool Guru E-Commerce Website using Sentiment Analysis Prediction." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 08, no. 05 (2024): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem34587.

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The Cool Guru is a brick-and-mortar establishment that has been repurposed into a fulfillment center. These distribution hubs are not accessible to the general public, allowing for ample inventory space and efficient order fulfillment. Cool Gurus offer an extensive and ever-expanding array of resources, enabling customers to purchase products online with options for same-day delivery or even within hours, as well as in-store pickup. While the concept is not novel, various companies, including Whole Foods, Walmart, Target, Bed Bath & Beyond, and numerous major clothing retailers, have emplo

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20

Narer, John W., and Earle S. Freedman. "Aesthetic Enhancement of Highway Bridges in Maryland Utilizing Precast Brick Veneer Facing Panels." PCI Journal 37, no. 2 (1992): 24–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.15554/pcij.03011992.24.29.

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21

Bessmertnyi, V. S., N. I. Min’ko, P. S. Dyumina, O. N. Sokolova, O. N. Bakhmutskaya, and A. V. Simachev. "Production of facing brick by plasma treatment using raw material from technogenic deposits." Glass and Ceramics 65, no. 1-2 (2008): 16–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10717-008-9013-6.

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22

Umnyakova, N. P. "DURABILITY OF THREE-LAYERED WALLS WITH BRICK FACING THAT PROVIDES HIGH THERMAL PROTECTION." Vestnik MGSU, no. 1 (January 2013): 94–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.22227/1997-0935.2013.1.94-100.

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23

Lamrani Alaoui, Ali, Abdel-Illah Amrani, Seyed Soheil Mousavi Ajarostaghi, et al. "An Investigation towards Optimizing the Construction Materials and Configurations of Buildings for Improving Energy Efficiency and Consumption in Morocco." Buildings 13, no. 7 (2023): 1705. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13071705.

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In this paper, a thermal performance assessment of traditional building constructions and configurations in various Moroccan climates is carried out. This research focuses on enhancing conventional energy efficiency of buildings by investigating the thermal behavior of single clay walls, double clay walls, simple brick walls, and double brick walls based on long-term meteorological data using TRNSYS software. The roof pitch, thermal comfort and discomfort index, and building energy consumption are considered while selecting buildings for each temperature zone. It is noticed that the double bri

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24

Maimagani, Sanusi Sani, Roshida Abdul Majid, and Leng Pau Chung. "Evaluation of Thermal Admittance of Compressed Earth Bricks C.E.B Configurations for School Buildings in Hot-dry climate region of North-western Nigeria." International Journal of Built Environment and Sustainability 10, no. 1 (2022): 73–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/ijbes.v10.n1.1069.

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Permeation of heat into the school building enclosure through external walls components of the building resulting into the numerous consequences which causes unhealthy indoor living conditions for teaching and learning activities, which has a negative impacts on the students general academic performance and their productivity, the study carried out a fieldwork experimentation where four experimental models (chambers) were built using four dissimilar compressed earth (C.E.B) configurations; compressed earth horizontal hollow brick (C.E.H.H.B), compressed earth vertical hollow brick (C.E.V.H.B),

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25

Torlova, A. S., I. A. Vitkalova, E. S. Pikalov, and O. G. Selivanov. "Recycling of Ceramic and Polymeric Wastes in the Production of Surfacing Composite Materials." Ecology and Industry of Russia 23, no. 7 (2019): 36–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.18412/1816-0395-2019-7-36-41.

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Presents the results of research on the development of a method for joint utilization of polystyrene foam and brick waste with obtaining a polymer composite material for the production of wall cladding products. This method consists in grinding the waste polystyrene foam with their subsequent dissolution in carbon tetrachloride and cold mixing the resulting solution with a crushed brick. This method reduces the energy intensity of production, eliminates thermal decomposition of the polymer binder during processing and makes it possible to jointly dispose of two types of large-tonnage waste. Pr

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26

Noval, Abdul Razak, Muhammad Adam, and Syafruddin Chan. "Marketing Strategy of Red Brick Manufacturers in Facing Great Competition from Alternative Products: Resource-Based View (RBV) Approach." International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science VIII, no. XII (2024): 214–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.51584/ijrias.2023.81220.

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This research investigates the challenges faced by the red brick industry, with a focus on competition from alternatives such as Hebel. Using the Resource-Based View (RBV) approach, this analysis analyzes marketing strategy, the impact of internal resources, and responses to market demand. This research aims to examine the competitive advantage of each brick factory that is the respondent in this research, identify competitive advantages and the influence of internal resources, and provide marketing strategy recommendations. The research approach used is qualitative, with a purposive sampling

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27

Verma, Aman, and Tarun Sharma. "Experimental Study of the Strength Aspects of Compressed Stabilized Earth Blocks using Marble Dust, Sugarcane Bagasse Ash and Paddy Straw Fiber." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 889, no. 1 (2021): 012025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/889/1/012025.

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Abstract The world is facing pollution crises and these cries are due to improper disposal of waste material. This materials are Rice husk ash, bagasseash, waste marble powder, remanings of grains like rice starw and many more. Some of the waste materials can easily be disposable in the construction industry by using them in the concrete or in any other construction material. This paper deals with this waste material to be utilized in the compressed earth blocks. To study the mechanical properties of compressed soil blocks prepared by a combination of various ratios of Marble powder, paddy Str

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28

Serrano, Angel, Ana M. Borreguero, Isabel Iglesias, Anselmo Acosta, Juan F. Rodríguez, and Manuel Carmona. "Diffusion of Shape Stabilized PEG-SiO2 as a Driver for Producing Thermoregulating Facing Bricks." Materials 14, no. 6 (2021): 1395. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14061395.

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A novel form-stable phase-change material (PCM) based on facing bricks was developed by incorporating thermoregulating PEG-SiO2, synthetized by sol-gel method and based on polyethylene glycol as phase-change material and silica as stabilizer compound. The PEG-SiO2 in its liquid form (sol) is firstly adsorbed inside the porous brick and lastly stabilized (gel) by controlling its gelation time, obtaining form-stable PCMs with PEG-SiO2 contents within 15–110 wt.%. Kinetic adsorption curves of the sol into bricks having different porosities as well as maximum adsorption capacities were obtained. T

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29

ISHCHUK, M. K. "New in the Design of Exterior Walls with a Facing Layer of Brick Masonry." Zhilishchnoe Stroitel'stvo, no. 1-2 (2019): 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.31659/0044-4472-2019-1-2-8-13.

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30

Beskopylny, Alexey N., Evgenii M. Shcherban’, Sergey A. Stel’makh, et al. "Discovery and Classification of Defects on Facing Brick Specimens Using a Convolutional Neural Network." Applied Sciences 13, no. 9 (2023): 5413. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13095413.

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In recent years, visual automatic non-destructive testing using machine vision algorithms has been widely used in industry. This approach for detecting, classifying, and segmenting defects in building materials and structures can be effectively implemented using convolutional neural networks. Using intelligent systems in the initial stages of manufacturing can eliminate defective building materials, prevent the spread of defective products, and detect the cause of specific damage. In this article, the solution to the problem of building elements flaw detection using the computer vision method

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López-Mesa, Belinda, Marta Monzón-Chavarrías, and Almudena Espinosa-Fernández. "Energy Retrofit of Social Housing with Cultural Value in Spain: Analysis of Strategies Conserving the Original Image vs. Coordinating Its Modification." Sustainability 12, no. 14 (2020): 5579. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12145579.

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Two renovation strategies were considered and compared in this paper for the energy renovation of social housing in condo buildings built in 1945–1969, situated in residential estates that have been declared urban areas of interest. One of the strategies, named here the image conservation approach, consists of renovating the building with very efficient solutions, except for the brick-facing walls, which will only have insulation in the existing cavities. The other strategy, the image coordination approach, consists of renovating the whole building with efficient solutions, including external

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32

Anam, Azam Muhammad Rafiq. "Victims of Circumstances: A Case Study to Explore the Socio Economic Problems of Bounded Labor Working at Brick Kiln in Pakistan." International Journal of Business, Economics and Management Works 1, no. 1 (2015): 1–5. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15761.

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In this study, an effort has been made to explore the socio economic problems of bonded labor working at brick kiln in Gujranwala, in Pakistan. The purpose of this study was to find out the problems faced by bounded labor at brick kilns, so the only best technique of data collection was in-depth interviews with respondents. Interview guide was tool of data collection. In depth interviews were conducted with the respondents for a period of two months. During research, it was observed that respondents were illiterate and there were not even primary school education facilities available to worker

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33

Linß, Elske, Jurij Walz, and Carsten Könke. "Image analysis for the sorting of brick and masonry waste using machine learning methods." Acta IMEKO 12, no. 2 (2023): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.21014/actaimeko.v12i2.1325.

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This paper describes different machine learning methods for recognizing and distinguishing brick types in masonry debris. Certain types of bricks, such as roof tiles, facing bricks and vertically perforated bricks can be reused and recycled in different ways if it is possible to separate them by optical sorting. The aim of the research was to test different classification methods from machine learning for this task based on high-resolution images. For this purpose, image captures of different bricks were made with an image acquisition system, the data was pre-processed, segmented, significant

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34

MALAKHOVA, A. N. "BEARING CAPACITY AND DURABILITY OF EXTERNAL BRICK WALLS OF BUILDINGS." Building and reconstruction 99, no. 1 (2022): 29–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.33979/2073-7416-2022-99-1-29-39.

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For buildings of historical development of cities, as well as architectural dominants of urban and rural settlements, the architectural attractiveness of buildings is often created by erecting external load-bearing brick walls, including multilayer ones, as well as curtain external walls with a finishing layer of facing bricks. When designing building envelopes, as well as in the process of researching and assessing the technical condition of building envelopes, it becomes necessary to calculate (assess) the bearing capacity of external walls, to assess their durability. The object of research

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35

Lu, Xue Song, and Peng Zhang. "Research on Architecture Technology and its Aesthetic Features of Traditional Residential Buildings in Edong." Applied Mechanics and Materials 357-360 (August 2013): 392–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.357-360.392.

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The traditional dwelling is an important milestone in the architectural history of China and it has been proved to be adopting of natural environment. In this work, Edong of Hubei Province was selected as research area to investigate the building technology and its aesthetic characteristics of the traditional dwellings. This study has been conducted using the methodologies such as data collection, field investigation and comparative analysis. Main findings of this work are include: the construction site of the traditional dwellings is in accordance with the traditional Chinese feng-shui, which

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Manni, Mattia, Fabiana Frota de Albuquerque Landi, Tommaso Giannoni, Alessandro Petrozzi, Andrea Nicolini, and Franco Cotana. "A Comparative Study on Opto-Thermal Properties of Natural Clay Bricks Incorporating Dredged Sediments." Energies 14, no. 15 (2021): 4575. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14154575.

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The brick industry is currently facing a shortage of natural resources. Despite this, the demand for construction bricks is progressively increasing. Alternative materials, such as dredged sediments and solid organic waste, have been recently proposed as options to replace natural clay in brick manufacturing. Potential exploitation of dredged sediments in clay bricks is evaluated in this study. The chemical composition of the mixtures and the opto-thermal properties of brick samples, which differed for the dredged sediment content (from 10% to 50% of the clay weight), were investigated. Chemic

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Sassine, Emilio, Zohir Younsi, Yassine Chérif, and Emmanuel Antczak. "Understanding the Dynamic and Static Thermal Transfer in Brick Walls." Advanced Materials Research 512-515 (May 2012): 2834–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.512-515.2834.

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The aim of this paper is to study the thermal heat transfer through a 33 cm brick wall, typical of old houses in Lille, a northern French town. First, the wall was studied in a steady state case in order to determine its equivalent resistance using the electrical analogy. Then, the wall is replaced by an equivalent homogeneous wall in order to compare the 1D and the 3D thermal transfer. The results show a perfect consistency between the two models, representing a big advantage when other layers are added to the model like thermal insulation and facing.

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Ansari, Vira, Eddy Prianto, and Agung Dwiyanto. "FIELD EXPERIMENTATION ON WALL SURFACE TEMPERATURE WITH FABA BRICK IN HOT CONDITIONS." Logic : Jurnal Rancang Bangun dan Teknologi 22, no. 2 (2022): 198–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.31940/logic.v22i2.198-208.

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The processing of coal waste into building materials from fly ash bottom ash has been stipulated in Regulation number 22 of 2021 as Non-Hazardous material, with a note that the management requirements must still meet the standards and technical requirements set out and listed in the environmental document approval. Previous studiesstated that one of the physical characteristics of the use of this waste (fly ash bottom ash) can be in improving the quality of construction materials and environmental quality. The research questions of this study are: Does the facing east orientation quantitativel

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Mileto, Camilla, Fernando Vegas, Francisco Javier Alejandre, Juan Jesús Martín, and Lidia García Soriano. "Lime-Crusted Rammed Earth: Materials Study." Advanced Materials Research 831 (December 2013): 9–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.831.9.

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This study analyses the durability of rammed-earth wall construction techniques. The analysis focuses on three medieval masonry types from the Castle of Villavieja (Castellón, Spain) using two variations of lime-reinforced rammed earth in its walls: lime-crusted rammed earth and brick-reinforced rammed earth. Materials analysis reveals the good properties of the materials used in the outer wall facing despite its age. It also clearly shows how deterioration depends more on the construction technique (construction of the wall with a base, cornice, facings, core; on-site installation, bonds, et

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Johansson, Pär, and Paula Wahlgren. "Deterioration in brick buildings: hygrothermal performance and measures to save them." E3S Web of Conferences 172 (2020): 23005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017223005.

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Many former industrial building sites in Sweden have been abandoned and left to deteriorate. Nowadays, there is a large interest to refurbish and retrofit these buildings for other purposes. Commercial and housing developers are attracted to these areas which are often in the outskirts of the city centers. There are several challenges facing architects and engineers to preserve these buildings, also connected to cultural heritage demands. The aim of this study is to propose measures to preserve cultural heritage buildings. A brick building in Gothenburg, on the Swedish west coast, is used as a

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Han, Lim Chung, Abdul Karim Bin Mirasa, Ismail Saad, et al. "Use of Compressed Earth Bricks/Blocks in Load-Bearing Masonry Structural Systems: A Review." Materials Science Forum 997 (June 2020): 9–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.997.9.

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Clay fired bricks are commonly encountered in the construction sector as infill between structural frames. This system has been favoured by builders due to familiarity, ease of manufacture, and they also do not require skilled labourers to erect. Produced from moulded clay and hardened by firing in a kiln, brick production is both energy intensive and high in CO2 emission. Fired bricks are typically held together by cement mortar at the bed and perpend joints which provide very minimal resistance against shearing or flexure. This meant brick walls often require additional wind posts or stiffen

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Избицкая, Юлия, Yuliya Izbitskaya, Светлана Калошина, and Svetlana Kaloshina. "Investigation of the causes of the appearance of defects in multilayer walls with a brick facing layer." Construction and Architecture 6, no. 4 (2019): 58–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/article_5c35f058ab4d38.41857509.

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With the increase of the volume of construction in Russia, the construction of buildings with external walls of multilayer masonry becomes urgent. The article presents the constructive solutions of multilayer walls. The most common problems of exploiting multilayer walls are indicated: the appearance of cracks on the facades of buildings, the destruction of masonry, etc. The main causes of the formation of mass defects are analyzed.

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Saqib, Ihsanullah, Sherzaman Hamidi, Abdulrabi Atif, and Ijaz u. Rahman Rashid. "Pollution Production through Brick Kilns and Its Negative Impact on Environment." Nangarhar University International Journal of Biosciences 03, ICCC(special) (2024): 581–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.70436/nuijb.v3i02.304.

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We all know that our living environment is full of different gases, both pure and mixed. In normal conditions, all these gases are present in appropriate and known amounts, either less or more. The environment is polluted or facing a threat to life so man needs to burn some materials as fuel to meet his needs. The bricks requirements which may harm the environment have been raised so one of these brick baking cases is done by humans, certainly the living environment will be threatened. Looking at this issue considered necessary and important for the physics department, we conducted this prelim

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Rehman, Abdul, Hengyun Ma, Magdalena Radulescu, Crenguta Ileana Sinisi, and Zahid Yousaf. "Energy Crisis in Pakistan and Economic Progress: Decoupling the Impact of Coal Energy Consumption in Power and Brick Kilns." Mathematics 9, no. 17 (2021): 2083. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math9172083.

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This study aims to examine the impact of coal energy consumption on the economic progress in Pakistan by using annual time series data during 1972–2019. Three-unit root tests were employed to rectify the variables’ stationarity. The quantile regression approach with the extension of cointegration regression test was utilized to check the variables interaction with the economic progress. The outcomes of the quantile regression uncover that coal energy consumption in power sector and coal energy consumption in brick kilns have adverse influence to the economic progress, while total coal energy c

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Ranganathan, C., Analini Shetty, and Gayathri Muthukumaran. "E-Business Transformation at the Crossroads: Sears’ Dilemma." Journal of Information Technology 19, no. 2 (2004): 117–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jit.2000009.

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This teaching case discusses the challenges facing Sears, Reobeck and Co., a leading retailer in United States, in its efforts to transform itself into an effective brick-and-click organization. In face of intense competition from other retailers and online e-tailers, Sears has continually expanded its online efforts in e-business transformation. This case traces the key e-business initiatives taken by Sears and highlights significant managerial challenges that were encountered during the formulation and execution of an effective e-business transformation strategy. The case presents the issues

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Kamskov, Victor. "Recommendations for repairing the facades of the factory building of the “Experienced sports equipment in Moscow”." MATEC Web of Conferences 193 (2018): 03008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819303008.

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The article presents the results of performed visual and instrumental surveys that allow to clarify and expand information on the structural design of the walls of the building, the nature of the damage and the cause of their origin. In order to obtain a more complete initial information on the surveyed object, visual and instrumental surveys were additionally carried out to clarify and expand information on the structural design of the building walls, the nature of the damage and the cause of their origin. Project-technical, executive and acceptance documentation for construction, as well as

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Sunando, Bandyopadhyay. "Coastal erosion and its management in Sagar Island, South 24 Parganas, West Bengal." Indian Journal of Earth Sciences 24, no. 3-4 (1997): 51–69. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7264120.

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Sagar island (Hugli estuary : 21°37'–57'N, 88°02'–11'E) was started to be reclaimed from the Sundarban mangrove wetlands in 1811. Mainly due to different Government policies the island gradually became almost completely settled with a population of 149,222 (1991), naturally growing at 3.99% per year. Coastal erosion, that reduced the total supratidal area of Sagar by about a quarter within 144 yr (from 284.55 km² in 1851-55 to 219.26 km² in 1997), forms the most important natural environmental hazard (NEH) affecting the island. Among other things,

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BESSONOV, I. V., B. I. BULGAKOV, A. V. LANKIN, I. S. GOVRYAKOV, and E. A. GORBUNOVA. "THE REASONS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF THE FACE BRICK." Building and reconstruction 105, no. 1 (2023): 114–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.33979/2073-7416-2023-105-1-114-122.

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The main causes of the destruction of the front brick are considered. It is indicated that the properties of ceramic products during their operation in masonry largely depend on the quality of the preparation of the clay mass. Seasonal freezing of clay improves its molding and drying properties. The height of the cone during seasonal storage of clay for the climatic conditions of the Moscow region should be no more than 6 meters. It is confirmed by calculation. A critical analysis of the theory of chemical destruction of ceramic bricks during the interaction of alkalis with oxides of silicon a

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Dovzhenko, I. G. "Effect of Metallurgical Slags on the Drying Properties of Ceramic Bodies for the Production of Facing Brick Production." Glass and Ceramics 70, no. 11-12 (2014): 444–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10717-014-9599-9.

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Zheng, Chong Wei, Jing Pan, and Chong Yin Li. "Prospect and Suggestions on the Development of Wave Energy Resource in the South China Sea." Applied Mechanics and Materials 672-674 (October 2014): 459–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.672-674.459.

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Against the background of many countries and regions in the world facing energy crisis in the modern society, the development of renewable energy is an inevitable choice. As a non-polluting, renewable, large reserve, widely distributed energy, the development and utilization of renewable wave energy will become the focus. In order to cast a brick to attract jade, this article intends to a preliminary research on the advantage of wave energy, the evaluation on wave energy resource. At last, we also assess the characteristic of wave energy resource in the South China Sea. We hope this study can

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