Relevant bibliographies by topics / Brick masonry structure

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Brick masonry structure'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2025
Last updated: 1 August 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Brick masonry structure"

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Hameed, Salman. "Retrofitting of Confined Brick Masonry with FRP." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 12 (2021): 898–905. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.39307.

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Abstract: Brick masonry structures are commonly used in world because of its simplicity and economy. However, it is susceptible to failure in earthquakes because of the bricks weak interlocking bonds and brick masonry structures designed mainly against gravity load demand. Therefore, in recent years research work has been conducted to confine the unreinforced brick masonry with reinforced concrete tie beams and column, to improve its seismic performance. This enhances both the lateral resistance and stability of the entire structure, to perform as one mass unit against the lateral forces. Howe
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Ridwan, Muhammad, Ruddy Kurniawan, and Agus. "An evaluation of mechanical properties of clay brick for masonry wall in Indonesia." MATEC Web of Conferences 215 (2018): 01034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201821501034.

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In principle, the main construction of the non-engineered building in Indonesia is the wooden structure. It can be seen from traditional houses in Indonesia. However, In the last two centuries, the use of brick masonry as wall component has been becoming the primary material. Another side, some places in Indonesia are the seismic areas and earthquake-prone areas. Learning from the earthquake that has happened in the last ten years, the building that used clay brick for masonry wall mostly suffered damage and destruction when subjected to a relatively high intensity of the earthquake. This pape
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Li, Xin Zhong, Xue Ying Wei, and Jun Hai Zhao. "Homogenised Dynamic Material Model for Brick Masonry and Its Application." Advanced Materials Research 168-170 (December 2010): 528–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.168-170.528.

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Brick masonry is a traditional building material widely used loading-bearing or partition walls in various building structures. The detailed distinctive modelling of brick and mortar of a realistic masonry structure or a structure with masonry infilled walls are usually not possible due to the computational cost. In this paper, a homogenized dynamic material model which including the damage of brick and mortar and strain rate effect is developed based on dynamic test results of brick and mortar. The proposed homogenized material model was used in analysis of blast response of brick masonry wal
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Liu, Hong Biao. "Earthquake Damage Forms of Multi-Story Brick Masonry Structure and their Mechanical Analysis." Advanced Materials Research 1065-1069 (December 2014): 1408–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1065-1069.1408.

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In order to know seismic damage characteristics of multi-story brick masonry structure and improve its seismic capability, five kinds of earthquake damage or collapse forms of multi-story masonry brick structure are summed up based on earthquake disaster survey, each of which is analyzed with mechanics. And the failure mechanism of each seismic damage form of multi-story brick masonry structure are proposed, which provides effective engineering experience for the seismic or anti-collapse design of multi-story masonry brick structure. The research has the important significance in improving the
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Prusakova, Maria, Armen Mkrtchyan, and Evgeniy Pugach. "Enlarged brick blocks as an alternative to masonry." E3S Web of Conferences 157 (2020): 06033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202015706033.

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Brick structures are one of the most common and useful construction materials. However, brick laying consists of the most labor-intensive processes with the largest part of manual works. The main purpose of the research is to find an alternative technology for the brick structures construction that have geometric and physical parameters of brickwork, the processes of which are less labor-intensive and more mechanized. Using factory-made enlarged brick blocks was suggested in the article as an alternative. A brick block is a factory - made element of a brick wall structure that is installed in
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Juta, Eshetu Mathewos. "Energy Absorption Capacity Of Rat-Trap Bond Masonry Under Base Excitation." Journal of University of Shanghai for Science and Technology 23, no. 11 (2021): 454–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.51201/jusst/21/11891.

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Brick masonry does not exhibit much capacity to resist lateral loads and hence the masonry suffers heavy damage during earthquakes, which impart lateral loads to structures. In the Bhuj earthquake of Jan 26, 2001, that occurred in majority of masonry structures failed because they were built with un-reinforced brick masonry. The EBC code of practice for brick masonry, suggests the use of lintel band and roof band that introduce a rigid box-type behavior which will help the structure to improve its performance against seismic loads. But there are no Codal provisions for use of Rat-Trap bond mas
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Azam, Rizwan, Muhammad Rizwan Riaz, Ehtasham Ul Haq, Ayman Shihata, and Mohamed Zawam. "Development of Quality Assessment Criteria for Burnt Clay Bricks of Different Ages Based on Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity Test." Buildings 12, no. 8 (2022): 1069. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12081069.

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Burnt clay bricks are widely used as a construction material in Pakistan, and their testing for quality confirmation is frequently needed for new and old bricks used in existing structures. The destructive testing methods are time-consuming and not always feasible for testing the bricks used in existing structures. The current study investigated the feasibility of using the ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) test as a non-destructive technique to assess the quality of both new and old bricks in masonry structures. A relationship was developed after performing the UPV test followed by a compressio
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Yao, Xinqiang, Bin Liang, Hai Zhang, Ziliang Zhang, and Zheng He. "Typical brick masonry walls reinforced with high-strength mortar and steel bars in the horizontal joints." Advances in Structural Engineering 24, no. 12 (2021): 2767–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13694332211012238.

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Based on investigation of rural buildings in china, there are more than 20% of the masonry structures constructed in 1970s. Thus, the old blue bricks (OBB) and old red bricks (ORB), which demolished from the typical brick masonry structures was built in 1970s, was chosen in the test. During demolishing the OBB and ORB, the original mortar was destroyed. Thus, the 1:7.8 cement mortar was chosen instead of original mortars and the 1:5 cement mortar was chosen as the reinforcement mortar. In order to know the performant of the reinforcement methods, there are three-level test plan was put forward
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Smt., Saraswati V.Patil, and M.M.Patil Dr. "Structure of Brick Making Industries in India." Journal of Management Commerce Engineering and IT (JMCEI) 1, no. 1 (2022): 5–7. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7082475.

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Abstract: Now a day brick industries has played a dominant role in the Indian economy. Each and every person has to think that he must be built up his own dream house, because of that bricks industries were established even in rural areas. The bricks industry also comes under small scale industries. Small scale industries constitute the key link in the process of socio economic transformation of under developed social structures. Small scale industries provide substantial scope for increasing employment as they are labour intensive. “A brick is building material use to make walls, paveme
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An, Dong, Tie Jun Qu, and Jian Wen Liang. "Pseudo-Dynamic Test of Brick Masonry under Different Earthquake Motion." Applied Mechanics and Materials 256-259 (December 2012): 2111–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.256-259.2111.

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For further study on the influence of ground motion on the seismic performance of brick masonry structure, two masonry buildings were designed and constructed according to common structure style in towns and villages. Two full-scale buildings were subjected to different earthquake motion using pseudo-dynamic test. The earthquake motions are artificial earthquake motion and strong motion recording. This paper presents hysteretic behavior and deformation under horizontal seismic action. Crack propagation of masonry structure is analyzed. These tests verify that displacement response of masonry s
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Brick masonry structure"

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Aktas, Yasemin Didem. "Technological Characteristics Of A Brick Masonry Structure And Their Relationship With The Structural Behaviour." Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12607814/index.pdf.

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The aim of this study is to investigate the physical and mechanical properties of construction materials in relation with the structural behaviour of a historic structure. Within this framework, the brick masonry superstructure of Tahir ile Zuhre Mescidi, a XIIIth century Seljuk monument in Konya was selected as case study. The study started with the determination of the basic physical (bulk density, effective porosity, water absorption capacity), mechanical (modulus of elasticity, uniaxial compressive strength), durability and pozzolanic properties of original brick and mortar by laboratory a
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Kopecký, Martin. "Průzkum a hodnocení zděné budovy zámečku." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-265736.

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This diploma thesis deals with the diagnostics of masonry structures. In the theoretical part of this thesis it is described the system of assessment of existing structures and then the assessment of existing masonry structures. The next chapter states the methods of survey of masonry structures, including evaluation. The practical part of the thesis deals with the survey of the building of a small castle. This survey includes a brief history of the castle building, the preliminary inspection of the building and the research of the supporting structure. The result of the survey is to determine
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Klopp, Gregory Mark. "Seismic design of unreinforced masonry structures /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1996. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phk658.pdf.

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Aldemir, Alper. "A Simple Seismic Performance Assessment Technique For Unreinforced Brick Masonry Structures." Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12612418/index.pdf.

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There are many advantages of masonry construction like widespread geographic availability in many forms, colors and textures, comparative cheapness, fire resistance, thermal and sound insulation, durability, etc. For such reasons, it is still a commonly used type of residential construction in rural and even in urban regions. Unfortunately, its behavior especially under the effect of earthquake ground motions has not been identified clearly because of its complex material nature. Hence, the masonry buildings with structural deficiencies belong to the most vulnerable class of structures which h
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Erdogdu, Murat. "In Plane Seismic Strengthening Of Brick Masonry Walls Using Rebars." Master's thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12610114/index.pdf.

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About half of the total building stock in Turkey is masonry type building. Masonry buildings in Turkey, especially in rural areas, are constructed without any engineering knowledge mostly by their own residents. They generally have heavy roofs. Masonry type buildings also have thick and heavy wall materials. Heavy roof and wall material generate large inertial forces in the case of an earthquake. Brittle failure of walls leads to total failure of whole system followed by sudden collapse of heavy roof. The aim of this thesis is to understand failure mechanisms of brick masonry walls, prevent th
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Basoenondo, Essy Arijoeni. "Lateral load response of Cikarang brick wall structures : an experimental study." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2008. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/16685/1/Essy_Arijoeni_Basoenondo_Thesis.pdf.

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Despite their poor performance, non-standard clay bricks are commonly used in construction of low-rise buildings and rural houses in Indonesia. These clay bricks are produced traditionally in home industries. Indonesia is located in an active seismic region and many masonry buildings were badly damaged or collapsed during recent earthquakes. Such buildings are classified as non-engineered structures as they are built without using any proper design standard. Lateral load response of un-reinforced masonry walls is investigated in this research project, with the aim of better understanding the b
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Basoenondo, Essy Arijoeni. "Lateral load response of Cikarang brick wall structures : an experimental study." Queensland University of Technology, 2008. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16685/.

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Despite their poor performance, non-standard clay bricks are commonly used in construction of low-rise buildings and rural houses in Indonesia. These clay bricks are produced traditionally in home industries. Indonesia is located in an active seismic region and many masonry buildings were badly damaged or collapsed during recent earthquakes. Such buildings are classified as non-engineered structures as they are built without using any proper design standard. Lateral load response of un-reinforced masonry walls is investigated in this research project, with the aim of better understanding the b
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Demirel, Ismail Ozan. "A Nonlinear Equivalent Frame Model For Displacement Based Analysis Of Unreinforced Brick Masonry Buildings." Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12612772/index.pdf.

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Although performance based assessment procedures are mainly developed for reinforced concrete and steel buildings, URM buildings occupy significant portion of building stock in earthquake prone areas of the world as well as in Turkey. Variability of material properties, non-engineered nature of the construction and difficulties in structural analysis of perforated walls make analysis of URM buildings challenging. Despite sophisticated finite element models satisfy the modeling requirements, extensive experimental data for definition of material behavior and high computational resources are nee
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ALFORNO, MARCO. "Investigation of the Role of Constructive Aspects on the Structural Response of Masonry Vaults." Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2942120.

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Miranda, Larissa de Almeida. "Estudo do efeito do não preenchimento das juntas verticais e eficiência do graute na resistência da alvenaria estrutural de blocos cerâmicos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18134/tde-10122012-090028/.

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No contexto do crescimento do processo construtivo em alvenaria estrutural, destaca-se o uso do bloco cerâmico consolidado com a criação de sua norma específica de projeto, execução e controle de obras, a NBR 15812, partes 1 e 2 (ABNT, 2010). Desde a difusão da alvenaria estrutural, mudanças nas técnicas construtivas vêm ocorrendo, como por exemplo, o não preenchimento das juntas verticais de assentamento dos blocos. Outra prática que tem sido utilizada é o grauteamento da alvenaria. No entanto, ainda não está estabelecido se o não preenchimento da junta vertical compromete o desempenho da alv
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Books on the topic "Brick masonry structure"

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Taly, Narendra. Design of reinforced masonry structure. McGraw-Hill, 2001.

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Taly, Narendra. Design of reinforced masonry structures. McGraw-Hill, 2001.

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Klingner, R. E. Masonry structural design. McGraw-Hill, 2010.

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Klingner, R. E. Masonry structural design. McGraw-Hill, 2010.

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Hendry, A. W. Design of Masonry Structures. Taylor & Francis Inc, 2004.

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Hendry, A. W. Design of Masonry Structures. Taylor & Francis Group Plc, 2004.

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1922-, Sowden A. M., ed. The Maintenance of brick and stone masonry structures. E. & F.N. Spon, 1990.

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Heddy, Edward J. The complete guide to decorative landscaping withbrick & masonary. Betterway, 1990.

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Heddy, Edward J. The complete guide to decorative landscaping with brick & masonry. Betterway Publications, 1990.

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Balen, K. van. Expert system for the evaluation of the deterioration of ancient brick structures: Scientific background of the damage atlas and the masonry damage diagnostic system. Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 1999.

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Book chapters on the topic "Brick masonry structure"

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Kushwaha, Manisha, Kusum Saini, and Vasant Matsagar. "Strengthening Brick Masonry Structures with Natural Fiber Elements for Enhancing Earthquake Resistance." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-69626-8_33.

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AbstractBurned clay brick masonry is a commonly used building unit for structures. Improving the earthquake resistance of such structures is vital due to the increase in the occurrence of seismic events globally, affecting larger populations and aging/deterioration of the masonry. Generally, conventional synthetic material-based strengthening techniques are widely used for structures, which is carbon-intensive and not climate-friendly. Therefore, to strengthen brick masonry structures seismically, various techniques for enhancing earthquake resistance using locally available natural fibers are
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Zhang, Weichen, and Pierpaolo Ruttico. "Interactive Bricklaying: A Comparative Experiment on Human Involvement in Masonry Structure Design and Construction Through Augmented Reality." In Computational Design and Robotic Fabrication. Springer Nature Singapore, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-3433-0_10.

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Abstract Interactive bricklaying combines augmented reality technology with robot fabrication technology, utilizing both human intelligence and robot precision. Humans intuitively complete various differentiated bricklaying designs, while robot systems accurately execute bricklaying tasks. Traditionally, in such workflows, the design and fabrication processes are separated, with a lower level of human-robot interaction. By comparing with traditional interactive workflows through experimental studies, this research explores a higher degree of interactive workflow where design and fabrication al
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Fu, Yanan. "Study on the Factors Affecting the Dynamic Characteristics of Brick Masonry Structure Houses." In Atlantis Highlights in Engineering. Atlantis Press International BV, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-449-5_51.

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Latha, Lakshmi, and Samit Ray-Chaudhuri. "Sustainable Preservation and Evaluation of Burnt Brick Masonry Structures Through Condition Assessment and Retrofitting Techniques." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-69626-8_108.

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AbstractBurnt bricks are a predominant material in constructions in India and many other countries globally. The inherent resilience and longevity of brick structures make them suitable for repair and further strengthening. Several procedures are already in practice for the preservation and enhancement of seismic performance in existing masonry structures. One notable method, rooted in history and now under exploration, is the semiconfinement of existing masonry structures with horizontal and vertical reinforced concrete (RC) elements. This method exhibits all the characteristics of an effecti
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Apostolidi, Eftychia. "Masonry Buildings' Seismic Failures." In Characteristic Seismic Failures of Buildings. International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/sed016.059.

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<p>Masonry structures are probably the most popular and ancient type of buildings all over the world. Easy access of its constitutive materials, which are basically stones, bricks, and mortar (which varies from region to region), makes masonry one of the everlasting construction methods from small residential buildings to the most important ancient and historic monuments. <p>Some masonry buildings have proved to be resistant structures even in seismic prone areas, due to some specific structural characteristics that have been observed throughout the years and after many destructive
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Galić, Josip, Hrvoje Vukić, and Davor Andrić. "Post-Earthquake Retrofitting of Brick Masonry Structure—Case Study of the Church of the Transfiguration of the Lord in Zagreb, Croatia." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-73314-7_71.

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Lourenço, Paulo B., Rob van Hees, Francisco Fernandes, and Barbara Lubelli. "Characterization and Damage of Brick Masonry." In Structural Rehabilitation of Old Buildings. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-39686-1_4.

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da Porto, Francesca, Maria Rosa Valluzzi, Marco Munari, Claudio Modena, António Arêde, and Alexandre A. Costa. "Strengthening of Stone and Brick Masonry Buildings." In Strengthening and Retrofitting of Existing Structures. Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5858-5_3.

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Song, Yang, Asterios Agkathidis, and Richard Koeck. "Augmented Bricks an Onsite AR Immersive Design to Fabrication Framework for Masonry Structures." In Computational Design and Robotic Fabrication. Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-8637-6_33.

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AbstractThe Augmented Bricks research project aims to develop an immersive design to fabrication framework for the assembly of masonry building components by incorporating robotic fabrication and augmented reality (AR) technologies. Our method incorporates two main phases: firstly, the design phase in which users’ gestures and interactions are being identified in AR for the immersive design and simulation process; secondly, an innovative robotic assembly phase in which users can control a robotic arm for assembly by interacting with the AR user interface (UI). Our framework is validated by the
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Hobbs, C. P., and J. A. G. Temple. "Radar Inspection of Concrete, Brick and Masonry Structures." In Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation. Springer US, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2848-7_288.

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Conference papers on the topic "Brick masonry structure"

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Stephans, Larry C. "The Design of Masonry/Plastic Lining Composite Structures." In CORROSION 1997. NACE International, 1997. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1997-97363.

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Abstract The continued development of plastics with improved corrosion resistance has extended the conditions in which plastics can perform satisfactorily as corrosion resistant linings on steel. The use of a masonry lining over the plastic “membrane” further extends the conditions of service to higher temperatures and more severe mechanical conditions. This type of composite structure consisting of a steel vessel lined with a plastic membrane protected by brick set in resin and/or inorganic mortars presents a number of design challenges. The composite structure must be selected to perform sat
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Crevello, Gina, Paul Noyce, and Irene Matteini. "“In-Depth FaçAde Analysis of Steel Corrosion in Masonry”." In CORROSION 2019. NACE International, 2019. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2019-13080.

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Abstract Corrosion of steel within ‘vintage’ buildings circa 1880s to 1930s pose a health and safety risk to the public in major urban centers. Projecting masonry elements pose a particular concern when the underlying steel appurtenances and anchorage begin to corrode. Failed masonry has fallen from buildings, leading to death in worst case scenarios. While some signs of masonry cracking or displacement are usually visible prior to failure, the level of degradation of the embedded steel is not. With the equipment available to test these unforeseen conditions, methodologies exist to understand
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Laszlo, Robert, Ciprian Jitea, Bogdan Garaliu, Bogdan Aurelian Nicola, and Levente Miklos. "BLASTING DEMOLITION CHALLENGES OF A TALL COOLING TOWER AND CHIMNEY." In 24th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 24. STEF92 Technology, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2024/1.1/s03.30.

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The paper describes the practical solutions and safety conditions of realizing the demolition of an industrial chimney and a cooling tower located in a former thermal power plant, having in the very close vicinity several civil constructions. The chimney has a height of 208 m and consists of the outer tubular structure of reinforced concrete and as well as of the inner chimney made of refractory brick masonry. The cooling tower height was 108.0 m and the base diameter of 82.00 m. For chimney, the chosen solution of demolition was overturn in an intended direction and for the cooling tower was
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Blome, Steven J. "High Performance Vinyl Ester Lining Systems and Their Uses in FGD (Flue Gas Desulfurization) Systems." In SSPC 2003. SSPC, 2003. https://doi.org/10.5006/s2003-00003.

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Harsh operating conditions found in Utility Flue Gas Desulfurization (FGD) equipment have become a difficult and costly problem for coal fired power plants operating with various FGD systems. Rapid corrosion of steel and concrete structures has mandated the use of various high performance linings and construction materials including costly alloys, FRP composites, masonry block and brick or tile linings.
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Trimber, Kenneth A., Kevin J. Brown, and Kevin D. Knight. "Coating Problems Faced by Commercial Building Owners." In SSPC 2011. SSPC, 2011. https://doi.org/10.5006/s2011-00074.

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Big box stores typically consist of a steel framework of structural columns and roof joists overlaid with roof decking. Walls are usually Single Wythe concrete masonry units (CMU), tilt up concrete panels, or colored block and brick. The CMU often consists of one or more block types - smooth face, split face, or scored block, all of which are painted. Smooth tilt up panels are painted or sealed, and colored block and brick are sealed. The walls may also be covered with an Exterior Insulation and Finish System (EIFS) or stucco, both of which are painted.
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Sweeney, Steven C., Sean W. Morefield, Charles A. Weiss, Robert D. Moser, Philip G. Malone, and Michael L. Koenigstein. "Evaluation of Corrosion-Resistant Reactive Vitreous Steel Fixtures for Masonry Walls." In CORROSION 2013. NACE International, 2013. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2013-02794.

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Abstract The most common steel fixtures used in hollow-core masonry walls are wall ties that attach the brick veneer wall (outer wythe) to a concrete masonry wall or steel or wooden joists behind the wall. These fittings prevent wind pressure from deflecting the outer wythe, typically clay brick. The ties consist of a wire bail or pintle that is imbedded in the mortar joints of the outer wall and a sheet metal bracket that is attached to the inner wall. The strength of the anchor to the outer wall depends on the strength of the bond from the pintle to the mortar. Corrosion of the pintle in the
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Michele, Mattiacci, Andrea Meoni, Antonella D'Alessandro, Branko Glisic, and Filippo Ubertini. "Strain-based damage detection using nonlinear cointegration theory: application to a masonry building model using smart bricks." In Sensors and Smart Structures Technologies for Civil, Mechanical, and Aerospace Systems 2025, edited by Maria Pina Limongelli, Ching Tai Ng, and Didem Ozevin. SPIE, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3050323.

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Reich, Stefan, and Christian Pfütze. "Material composition for sustainable interior building elements." In IABSE Symposium, Tokyo 2025: Environmentally Friendly Technologies and Structures: Focusing on Sustainable Approaches. International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2025. https://doi.org/10.2749/tokyo.2025.3233.

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<p>The supply of many traditional building materials will face considerable procurement difficulties in the near future, whether due to material shortages, changes in industrial production processes or rising costs of CO2 emissions. The development of new substitute materials is therefore urgently needed and should be a high priority in the construction industry.</p><p>The shortage of gypsum and gypsum plasterboard due to the conversion of coal-fired power plants to renewable energy generation will be eminent due to the lack of flue gas desulphurization and its by-product gyp
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9

Cherevko, Iryna, Tetiana Kril, Dmitri Bugai, and Stella Shekhunova. "ANALYSIS OF ENGINEERING PROTECTION EFFECTIVENESS OF THE KYIV-PECHERSK LAVRA TERRITORY BASED ON LONG-TERM HYDROGEOLOGICAL MONITORING." In 24th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 24. STEF92 Technology, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2024/1.1/s02.19.

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The extensive network of engineering protection of the territory of the Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra against the impact of hazardous processes (landslides, flooding) includes more than 5 km of retaining walls (brick, concrete, pile-based) and about 12 km of drainage networks (tunnel, gallery, and radial types). The effectiveness of the drainage adit systems (DAS) on the Upper Lavra and the radial drainage on the territory of the Guest Yard (Inn Courtyard) of the Lower Lavra was analyzed. The paper proposes an assessment of the efficiency of drainage adit systems according to such criteria as the specif
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10

Yamazaki, Ryohei. "Reinforcement of old masonry by new structure." In IABSE Conference, Kuala Lumpur 2018: Engineering the Developing World. International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/kualalumpur.2018.0451.

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<p>KITAKARO Sapporo Honkan is a project that harmonized the new and old by creating a new interior space and maintaining the exterior with contemporary technology .</p><p>In this project, by reinforcing the outer wall of a brick masonry building and a part of the hall with new RC structure, it converted confectionary store .</p><p>Reinforcement methods are as below, 1) Reinforce the brick wall to be preserved, secure the safety while construct, then dismantle existing part 2) Construct a new structure and integrate it with the existing brick wall.</p>
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