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Lorenzoni, Björn. "En bricka för alla." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Educational Science (IUV), 2001. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-1385.
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Syftet med detta arbete har varit att studera skolrestaurangen på en högstadieskola och faktorer som spelar roll där, samt ge en kort inblick i skolrestaurangens historia i Sverige, och hur det ser ut idag med skolmåltidsverksamheten.
Jag har gjort djupintervjuer med elever för att få veta hur de ser på sin situation i matsalen och vad de tycker om olika saker, som miljön och stämningen i matsalen, maten som serveras, och vilket inflytande de tycker de har på samma saker.
Jag har även intervjuat husmor på skolan där eleverna går, om till exempel praktiska problem som rör maten som serveras, och miljön i och i kring matsalen, samt hur personalen löst dem. Jag har också gjort en mätundersökning av självserveringsbrickan och porslinet i skolrestaurangen för att se om brickan är lagom stor att bära det som ska vara på den. Jag har även läst diverse litteratur som behandlar ämnet, från det att barnbespisningsverksamheten började i mitten av 1940-talet, fram till idag.
Resultatet av intervjuerna med eleverna pekar mot att de är mycket medvetna om vad som händer och sker i och i samband med matsalen, men att de inte tycker sig ha någon medbestämmanderätt där över huvud taget.
I diskussion tog jag upp några delar av arbetet jag fastnat extra för, bland annat hur eleverna ser på sin situation i matsalen, vad gäller just deras medbestämmanderätt. Jag gav även självserveringsbrickan stor plats i diskussionen, där jag försökte reda ut storleksmässiga frågetecken. Jag ger också förslag till framtida forskningsfrågor i samma ämne.
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Andersson, Catarina, and Elin Larsson. "En bricka i spelet - med livet som insats : En kvalitativ intervjustudie om spelmissbrukares upplevelser." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för hälsa, vård och välfärd, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-32326.
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Spel om pengar finns i olika former och har blivit en del av många personers vardag, dessvärre kan inte alla hantera spelet. Spelmissbruk påverkar personen som för en ständig jakt på pengar och speltid vilket medför konsekvenser och känslor som är svåra att hantera. Ett spelmissbruk påverkar även omgivningen i form arbetsgivare, vänner, familj, barn med flera som alla blir en del av ett missbruk. Denna kvalitativa studie avser studera hur en person inträder i ett spelmissbruk, hur personen upprätthåller ett liv som spelmissbrukare och hur personen tar sig ur missbruket. Vårt syfte med studien är att få en djupare förståelse samt att urskilja vilka känslor ett spelmissbruk medför. Vi har genomfört djupintervjuer med åtta personer och tolkningen och analysen har skett hermeneutiskt. Genom vår analys har sju teman kunnat urskiljas intresse för spel i tidig ålder, inträde i spelmissbruk, ångest skuld och skam, verklighetsflykt, förändringar i identiteten och beteende, relationer och interaktion och avslutningsvis strategier. Vi har tagit del av åtta gripande berättelser och fann att spelmissbruk medför stora konsekvenser för den enskilde individen men även för personer i omgivningen. Spelmissbruk är viktigt att belysa och lyfta i samhället då det är ett växande problem som berör många och att det ofta är ett dolt missbruk.Gambling with money comes in different forms and have become a part of many people's everyday lives, unfortunately not everyone can handle the game. Compulsive gambling affects the person who has a constant search for money and playing time, that gives consequences and feelings that are difficult to manage. The addiction affects people in the environment as employers, friends, family, children and others who all become part of an addiction. This qualitative study intends to study how a person enters a gambling addiction, how the person maintains a life as a compulsive gambler and how the person enter the abuse. Our purpose of the study is to gain a deeper understanding and to identify what emotions the addiction brings. We have conducted in-depth interviews with eight people and the interpretation and analysis has been hermeneutic. Through our analysis seven themes have been distinguished interest in the game at an early age, entry into gambling addiction, anxiety, guilt and shame, escapism, changes in the identity and behavior, relationships and interactions and finally strategies. We have taken note of the arrest of eight stories and found that compulsive gambling entails serious consequences for the individual but also for people in the surroundings. Compulsive gambling is important to highlight and promote in the community as it is a growing problem that affects many and it is often a hidden addiction.
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Rosman, Deborah. "Börja med tallrik och avsluta med bricka : En studie om att utforma en användarvänlig matsal." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-20006.
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Börja med bricka och avsluta med tallrik är en studie om rörelsemönster i matsalar med brickservering med fokus på lunchmatsalen i Boda Borg, Oxelösund. Studien syftar till att undersöka hur man kan skapa ett distinkt rörelsemönster i matsalen för att gästerna lätt ska kunna orientera sig. Med hjälp av observationer och notationer undersöktes de befintliga rörelsemönstren som finns i matsalen för att peka ut de kritiska element som gör att matsalen upplevs som rörig. Genom intervjuer med sakkunniga undersöktes de standardutföranden som används vid utformande av matsalar med brickserveringar. Utifrån teorier gällande intuitiv design och vägvisning formgavs en ny buffélina för att skapa ett tydligt rörelsemönster i matsalen på Boda Borg. Gestaltningsförslaget bygger på att man som gäst i matsalen ska känna igen flödet och lätt hitta till dess början. Detta för att effektivisera de flöden som finns i matsalen samt skapa en bättre upplevelse för gäster och personal. Studiens slutsats är att en ombyggnad av buffelinan, samt en omplacering av denna, kommer att skapa ett distinkt rörelsemönster i matsalen. För att säkra detta rekommenderas att utprovningar genomförs. Som förslag till vidare forskning föreslås en djupare utredning för att kontrollera om det går att fastställa ett idealiskt utformande för en buffélina.Start with a tray and finish with a platter is a study of the patterns of movement in restaurants with tray serving, which focuses on the restaurant in Boda Borg, Oxelösund. The study aims to explore how to create a distinct pattern of movement in the restaurant for guests to easily orient themselves. Using observations and notations of the existing patterns of movement in the restaurant was studied to point out the critical elements that made the restaurant perceived as disorderly. Through interviews with experts the standard models used in restaurants with tray serving was examined. Based on theories on intuitive design and wayfinding a new buffetline is presented. The design aims to create a clear pattern of movement in the restaurant in Boda Borg and help the guests to easy find their way to the beginning of the buffet. Its purpose is to generate flows that are more efficient in the dining room and to create a better experience of the restaurant for guests and staff. The study concludes that a conversion and a repositioning of the buffetline will create a distinct pattern of movement in the restaurant. To ensure this, it is recommended that validations will be performed. As suggestions for further research a deeper investigation is proposed to verify whether it is possible to determine the ideal framing of a buffetline.
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Persson, Emma. "En bricka i det stora spelet : en studie av fyra svenska tidningars rapportering av folkmordet i Kambodja under januari 1979." Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Fakulteten för lärarutbildning, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-17880.
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Denna uppsats kommer främst att handla om svenska dagstidningars bild och rapportering av Pol Pot-regimen och dess terror med utgångspunkt i Phnom Penhs fall i januari 1979. Undersökningen kommer huvudsakligen att behandla fyra svenska tidningar, alla med olika politisk inriktning, och undersöka hur dessa väljer sitt material samt hur detta vinklas för att spegla tidningens egna politiska agenda.
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Westerlund, Rebecka, and Sara Glanander. "Stödbricka för muffinsformar : Bakning i bagerimiljö." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för teknik- och naturvetenskap, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-7834.
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”Stödbricka för muffinsformar” är ett examensarbete som självständigt utförts av Sara Glanander och Rebecka Westerlund under vårterminen 2011. Det har genomförts vid Karlstads universitet, fakulteten för teknik- och naturvetenskap under innovations- och designingenjörsprogrammet. Siluett of Sweden AB i Kristinehamn är uppdragsgivaren för projektet och kontaktperson samt handledare på företaget är Bernt Rådberg, försäljnings- och marknadschef. Handledare av projektet vid Karlstads universitet är Monica Jakobsson, universitetsadjunkt och programledare för innovations- och designingenjörsprogrammet. Examinator är Fredrik Thuvander, universitetslektor och professor på Karlstads universitet. Siluett, som tillverkar bakformar och andra kartong- och pappersbaserade produkter för bageri- och konditorinäringen, har lagt märke till en ökad efterfrågan av monterade mönstertryckta formar hos sina kunder. Därför startades projektet i syfte att tillgodose detta behov. Då företaget redan lagt märke till kundbehovet genomfördes en mindre förstudie i form av korta intervjuer på ett tiotal bagerier i Karlstad och fyra massproducerande bagerier runt om i landet. Fokus låg på produktspecificeringen där de krav och funktioner som efterfrågades identifierades. Under konceptgenereringen användes olika idégenereringsmetoder, både självständigt och i grupp. Projektgruppen märkte dock att de fick de enklaste och mest entydiga beskrivningarna genom att göra skissmodeller i papper och enklare kartongmaterial, vilket därför flitigt användes under projektets gång. Här studerades även stödbrickans fysiska ergonomi samt materialets värmebeständighet i form av laborationer. De framtagna koncepten utvärderades och utvecklades. I slutet av projektet återstod fyra koncept vilka presenterades för handledaren på företaget. Det bästa konceptet valdes ut och anpassades för tillverkning av konstruktören, Niklas Karlén, på Petersson Packaging i Norrköping. För närvarande pågår nyhetsgranskning av konceptet, vilket medför att det slutliga resultatet inte kan redovisas. Konceptets mest framstående egenskaper är dock att den är enkel att vika ihop, den är stapelbar och lätthanterlig, vilket var några av projektets mål.”Support tray for muffin cups” is a final thesis which was independently executed by Sara Glanander and Rebecka Westerlund during spring 2011. It was carried out through Karlstad University Faculty of Technology and Science in the study program of Innovation and Design Engineering. The employer of the project is Siluett of Sweden AB in Kristinehamn. The contact person and instructor at the company is Bernt Rådberg, sales and marketing manager. The supervisor at Karlstad University is Monica Jakobsson, lecturer and director of studies for the study program in Innovation and Design Engineering. Examiner is Fredrik Thuvander, lecturer and professor at Karlstad University. Siluett manufactures muffin cups and other cardboard- and paperbased products for the bakery- and patisserie industry. They have noticed an increase in demand from their customers for set up, patterned, muffin cups. The project was initiated to fulfill this need. Since the company had already noticed the need, only a smaller preliminary study was performed. The study was in the shape of short interviews at ten different bakeries in Karlstad and four mass-producing bakeries around the country. The focus was on the defining of the product where the inquired demands and functions were specified. Different methods were used during the concept generation, both individually and in group. The project team noticed that the easiest way to get understandable descriptions were by making small models in paper and cardboard. This method was diligently used throughout the project. Also the physiological ergonomics was studied and the heat resistance of the material was tested by laboratory experiments. The produced concepts were evaluated and developed. In the end, only four concepts remained and were presented to the instructor at the company. The best concept was chosen and later adjusted for manufacturing by Nicklas Karlén, a constructor at Peterson Packaging AB in Norrköping. For the present a novelty search is going on, which entails that the final result cannot be shown. The most eminent characteristic of the chosen concept is its simplicity. It is easy to fold, easy to stack and easy to handle, which was some of the goals of the project.
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Tmejová, Jana. "Glazury s obsahem cihelného recyklátu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-414137.
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The diploma thesis deals with the possibilities of using recycled brick as a component in the preparation of glazes. Recycled brick is a mixture of crushed bricks, it can also contain a brick tablecloth, its composition and color makes this material practically identical to a brick shard. Due to these properties, it can be assumed that recycled brick can be used to prepare technical glazes with a specific color. The aim of the diploma thesis is to verify the possibilities of using recycled brick for the preparation of technical glazes. For prepared glazes, then evaluate their properties and estimate for which type of product these alternative glazes could be used.
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Mendes, Anthony. "Building generating functions brick by brick /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3127630.
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Sahlström, Anna. "Brick-Examensarbete." Thesis, KTH, Arkitektur, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-212574.
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Gresik, Alison. "Bricks and mortar." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0010/MQ31288.pdf.
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Reid, Marina E. "Transforming the training paradigm in healthcare brick by brick." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ59474.pdf.
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Hall, Nicole. "The Brick Panel." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32432.
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A masonry wall or panel is made by the stacking of individual units; typically brick, stone, concrete block or glass block. These units are bound together by mortar to form continuous vertical surfaces. Traditionally, mortar is a paste made from a mixture of sand and cement.
What other materials might serve as â mortarâ ?
For this thesis project a panelized system for binding brick with metal has been developed. Each panel consists of a steel frame, within which the bricks are stacked and bound together. Metal rods hold the bricks in place horizontally, while metal spacers maintain the correct vertical positioning. The panels are hung onto a steel grid and bound together to form surfaces.Master of Architecture
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Lee, Kam-sing, and 李金成. "From painted brick to facing brick: to restore or not to restore." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B47584130.
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Traditionally, architectural and construction development in Hong Kong relies on load bearing bricks for structural support. In the modern age after World War II, the common application of reinforced concrete structure in high-rise construction has seen a change in the use of brick as an infill material for reinforced concrete frame construction. Because load bearing brick cannot meet the structural requirement of high-rise buildings, it is no longer common used in construction, and brick buildings that have been built are gradually demolished for redevelopment.
For surviving brick buildings in Hong Kong, the ones built with red facing bricks are generally Western style buildings mostly located in Kowloon and Hong Kong Island. For buildings built of Chinese grey brick, they are usually Chinese vernacular buildings, such as ancestral halls and temples, located in New Territories.
However, with the common availability of modern paint for redecoration as well as weather protection, some brick heritage buildings have been plastered with rendering and painted. The reason for this is that a smooth painted surface gives a neater appearance and the impression of being easier to maintain and clean. Of course, there are also some traditional Chinese vernacular brick buildings, particularly Hakka houses (客家屋), which have a tradition of having brick surfaces painted with white wash covered with lime plaster (Tsang Tai Uk at Shatin and Poon Uk at Yuen Long are examples).
With heritage conservation becoming more important, there are now more and more restoration work carried out on historical brick buildings. These projects are usually led by the Antiquities and Monuments Office and executed by the Architectural Services Department. One of the restoration problems faced in these projects is the removal of paint so that the original brick surface will be revealed.
This dissertation aims to concentrate on the common methods used in Hong Kong to restore painted brick surfaces and to evaluate these paint removal methods through case studies that involves buildings of red engineering facing brick and Chinese grey brick.
Through this dissertation, it will be demonstrated that restoring a brick surface is not straight forward technical work, but a process that must have a systematic conservation approach and planning. The dissertation will examine case studies of conservation projects involving paint removal work, and use the lesson learned to establish guidelines for paint removal in a planned and systematic way.published_or_final_version
Conservation
Master
Master of Science in Conservation
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Thompson, Ashlynn E. "Brick and Mortar 2.0: The Future of Brick-and-Mortar Fashion Retail." Kent State University Honors College / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ksuhonors1587136943219588.
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Smal, Eugene. "Automated brick sculpture construction." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/1621.
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Owens, Crystal (Crystal E. ). "Modular LEGO brick microfluidics." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/117456.
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Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2017.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 93-96).
Wider use and adaptation of microfluidic systems is hindered by the infrastructure, knowledge, and time required to build prototype devices, especially when multiple fluid operations and measurements are required. As a result, rapid prototyping methods based on planar and three-dimensional printing are attracting interest; however, these techniques cannot produce structures with the resolution, smoothness, and feature size needed for standard microfluidic devices. Herein I present a new approach to rapidly construct modular microfluidic systems by modification and assembly of interlocking injection-molded blocks. I demonstrate this principle using micromilling of store-bought LEGO® bricks to create surface fluidic pathways on bricks, and develop procedures for sealing and interconnecting bricks to form modular, reconfigurable microfluidic systems. Micromilling using a desktop machine achieves channel dimensions of 50 pm in depth and 150 pm in width, or greater, etched into the sidewalls of blocks. Sealing these channels with adhesive films allows internal fluid pressure of at least 400 kPa. The intrinsic tolerances of injection molded bricks and their elastically averaged connections gives mechanical locating repeatability of 1 pm, which enables fluid to pass between bricks via an O-ring with >99.9% sealing reliability. Using the LEGO-based approach, I build systems made of assembled brick units for generating droplets, sensing light, sorting with inertial and magnetic forces, and repeatably positioning a smartphone camera, and characterize their performance. Then, I fabricate and measure LEGO-like bricks made by FDM and SLA three-dimensional printing, showing that they can integrate with injection-molded bricks to add useful function, although their surface quality, resolution, and material limit performance. In addition, I adapt these components for two educational activities for high school students: a colorimetric titration device and a modular designable boat. The standard interface among all bricks enables a wide variety of brick units to be incorporated onto a common platform, making this "lab on a brick" a new and viable platform for advancing research and education in microfluidics.
by Crystal Owens.
S.M.
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Xu, Guojing. "Developing programming environments for programmable bricks." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/40210.
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Aejmelaeus-Lindström, Petrus. "FAD* for Stadsgårdskajen." Thesis, KTH, Arkitektur, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-159076.
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FAD * for Stadsgårdskajen Re-introduction of some of the knowledge from the master builder to the contemporary architect. This project investigates the interaction between designing architecture and building architecture in a computer controlled context. Algorithms have been developed to simulate and control an automated in situ brick stacking process. Brick laying is a well researched topic for robotic processes. It is an ideal material for building with robots (in Stockholm) since it is a generic building block that is cheap and easy to produce locally. Corbeled vaults, instead of keystone vaults, can be built without support and with all identical elements and are therefore also suitable for robotic fabrication. The algorithms have been incorporated in a parametric model that have been used to develop public building at Stadsgårdskajen, Stockholm. FAD is about creating and explore a different architectural expression as well as reintroducing the brick as a relevant construction material for Stockholm.FAD* för Stadsgårdskajen Återinförande av några av byggmästarens förmågor till den samtida arkitekten I detta examensarbete undersöks förhållandet mellan att designa arkitektur och att bygga arkitektur i en datorkontrollerad miljö. Algoritmer har utarbetats för att simulera och styra en automatiserad in situ murningsprocess. Inom fabrikation och automatisering med industrirobotar är tegelband ett välundersökt ämne. Tegel är ett idealiskt material vid byggande med robotar. Det är enkelt och billigt att framställa och tegel som byggkloss är en lämplig typologi för addativ fabrikation med robotar. Valv byggda genom utkragning istället för traditionella valvbågar kan byggas utan stöd och med identiska element. Därför är denna byggnadsteknik även lämplig för additiv fabrikation med robotoar. Algoritmerna har intergrerats i en parametrisk modell som har använts för att formge en offentlig byggnad på Stadsgårdskajen i Stockholm. FAD handlar såväl om skapande och utforskande av ett nytt arkitekturspråk som av återinförande av tegel som ett betydelsefullt konstruktionsmaterial i Stockholm.
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Burgess-Dean, Leon Sylvester, and leon burgessdean@deakin edu au. "Predicting the resistance of fired clay bricks to salt attack." Deakin University. School of Engineering and Technology, 2001. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20061207.132458.
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The salt attack of Fired Clay Bricks (FCBs) causes surface damage that is aesthetically displeasing and eventually leads to structural damage. Methods for determining the resistances of FCBs to salt weathering have mainly tried to simulate the process by using accelerating aging tests. Most research in this area has concentrated on the types of salt that can cause damage and the damage that occurs during accelerated aging tests. This approach has lead to the use of accelerated aging tests as standard methods for determining resistance. Recently, it has been acknowledged that are not the most reliable way to determine salt attack resistance for all FCBs in all environments. Few researchers have examined FCBs with the aim of determining which material and mechanical properties make a FCB resistant to salt attack. The aim of this study was to identify the properties that were significant to the resistance of FCBs to salt attack. In doing so, this study aids in the development of a better test method to assess the resistance of FCBs to salt attack.
The current Australian Standard accelerated aging test was used to measure the resistance of eight FCBs to salt attack using sodium sulfate and sodium chloride. The results of these tests were compared to the water absorption properties and the total porosity of FCBs. An empirical relationship was developed between the twenty-four-hour water absorption value and the number of cycles to failure from sodium sulfate tests. The volume of sodium chloride solution was found to be proportional to the total porosity of FCBs in this study. A phenomenological discussion of results led to a new mechanism being presented to explain the derivation of stress during salt crystallisation of anhydrous and hydratable salts.
The mechanical properties of FCBs were measured using compression tests. FCBs were analysed as cellular materials to find that the elastic modules of FCBs was equivalent for extruded FCBs that had been fired a similar temperatures and time. Two samples were found to have significantly different elastic moduli of the solid microstructure. One of these samples was a pressed brick that was stiffer due to the extra bond that is obtained during sintering a closely packed structure. The other sample was an extruded brick that had more firing temperature and time compared with the other samples in this study.
A non-destructive method was used to measure the indentation hardness and indentation stress-strain properties of FCBs. The indentation hardness of FCBs was found to be proportional to the uniaxial compression strength. In addition, the indentation hardness had a better linear correlation to the total porosity of FCBs except for those samples that had different elastic moduli of the solid microstructure.
Fractography of exfoliated particles during salt cycle tests and compression tests showed there was a similar pattern of fracture during each failure. The results indicate there were inherent properties of a FCB that determines the size and shape of fractured particles during salt attack. The microstructural variables that determined the fracture properties of FCBs were shown to be important variables to include in future models that attempt to estimate the resistance of FCBs to salt attack.
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Munden, Gilliad E. "Concurrency Issues in Programmable Brick Languages." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2000. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/MundenGE2000.pdf.
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Ghazali, M. Z. B. M. "Shear strength of brick masonry joints." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.377057.
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Alijani, Moghaddam Hassan. "Seismic behaviour of brick infilled frames." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/46933.
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Sullivan, Rory Daniel. "Sound insulation of brick diaphragm walls." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.318231.
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KROGER, STEPHANIE A. "ARCHITECTURE BUILT TO LAST: THE TIMELESSNESS OF BRICK." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1131399274.
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Greaves, Laxshmi. "Brick foundations : north Indian brick temple architecture and terracotta art of the fourth to sixth centuries CE." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2015. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/87038/.
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The thesis aims to develop an understanding of the nature and evolution of brick temple architecture in the subcontinent, focusing in particular on terraced Hindu structures of the fourth to sixth centuries CE. It also seeks to advance understanding of the iconography and artistry of the terracotta relief panels that once graced the outer walls or platforms of Gupta period brick temples. To date, scholarship on Hindu temple architecture of the Gupta period has primarily focused on cave and structural stone temples, while brick temple architecture of the epoch, along with terracotta reliefs and sculptures, have largely been confined to the margins of historical studies. This approach has led to the formation of a somewhat distorted picture of the architectural landscape of the Gupta period. To address this shortcoming, all of the known terraced structures in the subcontinent have been mapped in order to establish an understanding of the development and dissemination of this mode of architecture. The architectural form and relief sculpture of the vast terraced brick Śaiva monument known as ACI or Bhimgaja, situated at the heart of the ancient fortress city of Ahichhatrā in Uttar Pradesh, forms the main case study for the thesis - with architecture being the subject of the first half of the thesis. ACI is compared with a terraced brick Vaiṣṇava structure at Pawāyā in Madhya Pradesh, formerly the Nāga centre of Padmāvatī, and with the only standing brick temple of the Gupta period, at Bhītargāon in Uttar Pradesh. Despite the scale and complexity of the former two monuments, neither has received adequate scholarship. A series of fifth- and early sixth-century CE ornamental terracotta pilaster and frieze fragments from Ahichhatrā, held in the reserve collections of the British Museum, are examined within the context of Gupta period temple architecture; the objective being to determine where each of the fragments would have been positioned on a temple. On the basis of these artefacts and related pieces from the site, it is possible to build up a picture of the type of décor that would have adorned the exterior of ACI. The many intriguing sculptures and relief fragments from Pawāyā and Ahichhatrā are the subject of the second half of the thesis. Some of the reliefs - especially those hailing from ACI - are of great importance since they represent some of the earliest visual depictions of myths contained in the Mahābhārata and other religious texts. These reliefs and sculptures are explored within the broader context of Gupta iconography, with particular attention paid to the numerous and fascinating terracotta reliefs of the era, most of which are divorced from their original settings. Moreover, based on style and scale, some of panels evidently share the same origin and these are collated here. In addition, new interpretations are proposed for several of the plaques.
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Barry, andrew Craig. "Domestic Brick Architecture in Williamsburg: A Comparative Study of Eighteenth-Century Brick Houses in Williamsburg, Annapolis, and Charleston." W&M ScholarWorks, 2004. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626431.
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Gregory, Richard. "Separation of bricks and mortar using pressure waves." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2006. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/56017/.
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This thesis describes a series of investigations performed to determine the possibility of separating bricks and mortar using pressure waves. A study of the current brick recycling practised within the UK was performed. This study identifies a need for improved brick reclamation processes. Initial investigations were performed using one-sixth scale couplets. The one-sixth scale bricks and mortar could be separated by placing them in an ultrasound bath. Further investigations were performed to determine the vibrations that would be necessary to recreate the separation of one-sixth scale couplet using an ultrasound bath at full scale. Based on these investigations, a prototype designed to separate full scale couplets was constructed. A series of specimens were tested in the prototype and the vibrations passing through the specimens were recorded. These results showed that the prototype was able to achieve vibrations at the intended frequency and amplitude within the specimens. However, no separation occurred and therefore it was concluded that this process was not appropriate for brick reclamation of full scale bricks in this manner. An investigation of the bond strength developed between the bricks and mortar of one-sixth scale and full scale couplets was performed. It was found that the full scale specimens developed a bond strength greater than that developed in the one-sixth scale specimens.
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Zachau, Walker Miriam E. (Miriam Elizabeth). "Modeling environmental impact of unfired bricks in India." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/80906.
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Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, 2013.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 30-32).
Brick manufacturing requires a considerable amount of energy and land, but these numbers have been difficult to quantify in rural parts of the developing world. The environmental impact of unfired bricks in India is investigated through modeling the effects of materials composition and processing on energy consumption, carbon dioxide equivalent emissions, and land surface area use. The analysis uses a cradle-to-gate life cycle assessment to quantitatively estimate these impacts. The depth of soil extraction has a significantly affects the land use required for bricks; changing this depth in practice or through regulation has the potential to reduce environmental impact without affecting brick performance. The impact of unfired bricks depends greatly on composition, in particular the amount and type of stabilizer and the incorporation of fly ash. While stabilizers increase the environmental burden, the performance gain is potentially worth these effects when compared to energy intensive fired bricks. Future work could expand the model to quantify the relevant cost and performance tradeoffs with environmental impact.
by Miriam E. Zachau Walker.
S.B.
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Lindquist, Angelica. "Follow the yellow brick road : Musikalfilmens återkomst." Thesis, Växjö University, School of Humanities, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-5058.
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Rea, Wilhelmina R. Carleton University Dissertation Geography. "Building statistical areas: does "BRICK" size matter?" Ottawa, 1994.
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Ross, Douglas E. "Domestic Brick Architecture in Early Colonial Virginia." W&M ScholarWorks, 2002. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626356.
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Carrus, Justin William. "Curved brick design methodology and manufacturing system." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/118741.
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Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2018.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (page 83).
For many people in developing contexts, the financial expense of construction can be overwhelming. There is a need for more appropriate technologies for low-cost construction. This thesis presents a concise review of construction technologies and then offers a design methodology for creating curved, interlocking brick geometries that can be produced more accurately than existing bricks. The increase in dimensional accuracy is able to dramatically reduce the cost of construction in developing areas. A design is then offered for a low-cost press for these brick geometries that can be produced by local fabricators in developing areas.
by Justin William Carrus.
S.M.
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Ovitt, Amber Nicole. "Perpetuate the Revolution: Embrace the Brick Wall." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/64433.
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Washington D.C., along with similar historically significant cities, boasts architectural treasures. Understanding how our above-ground archeology, which represents the passage of time and suggests urban development, will continue to influence our architecture today, is the essential core of this thesis. 14th Street is one of the crucial entrance corridors of the city, existing as a vertical way-finder for modern day travelers coming in and out of the District. Brick rowhouses line this valuable street, providing multi-use functions that have evolved over the past century. Unfortunately, most of these urban gems have lost their place to the City's superblock high rises. The program of this thesis serves the Corcoran School of Art + Design with a new central campus location in D.C. while reusing an existing block of parti walls, excavated from rowhouses of the past. The modern need of maximizing space is thoughtfully merged with the intentional reuse of historic structures.Master of Architecture
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Cincala, George Michael. "Coursework: Constructing a Building from a Brick." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34995.
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This thesis explores the design of a T-shaped brick and its influence throughout the course of the project. The T-brick established a significant direction towards weaving masonry and my firsthand recognition of the utmost importance of poetic construction for an architect. This thesis helps to affirm that construction is vital for architecture to be autonomous.
Programmatic requirements, technology, social change, new inventions, etc., distract from the potential of architecture. We must first concern ourselves with how a building is to be made and trust that those things outside of architecture will only be right when a building is ready to accept them, not vice versa. But, that is not to say a building should not serve human needs well. Rather, serving needs well is but a bare minimum of good architecture.Master of Architecture
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Koroth, Surej R. "Evaluation and improvement of frost durability of clay bricks." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq25926.pdf.
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Beggan, John Edward. "An accelerated test method for efflorescence in clay bricks." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.252318.
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Rink, Bradley Michael. "Village People : quartering De Waterkant in discourse and bricks." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/4800.
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Ljungström, Camilla. "Manipulator, Mounting and Integration, and Communication Brick Collection." Thesis, KTH, Reglerteknik, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-105873.
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The aim of this project is to add manipulation functionality to one of the NASA's Mars rovers through the integration of a robotic arm. The functionality is needed to enable retrieval of deployed communication bricks from the Martian surface. For this, a simple hook end-eector is designed and tested using a controller implemented on a computer. The manipulator is a ve degree of freedom robotic arm with revolute joints. It is a nonlinear MIMO system but can be approximated to be five highly decoupled linear SISO systems. The manipulator is controlled in joint space, where each joint follows a trajectory. The trajectory is generated as four sequential sub-trajectories, where the manipulator comes to rest at each transition point. We assume that the Martian surface is free of obstacles and that the manipulator can work in any position on the workspace. We also assume that the position of the hole on the communication brick is known. For controlling the end-eector in joint space, a trajectory-following PD-controller is constructed. When testing the controller the rst four joints (waist, shoulder, elbow and twist) follow the desired trajectory well. The last joint, wrist, follows the trajectory well for the rst period of time and then start to oscillate around the path curve. The controller was tuned by decreasing Kp value for the wrist joint. The reason for deciding to decrease Kp was to slow the system down and therefore gain an increased stability. Tuning resulted in a better behaving wrist joint controller which follows the desired trajectory in a satisfactory way. Oscillations in wrist have disappeared and the controller works as intended. We designed and manufactured an end-eector that was within the IRG price range. We established baseline communication with the manipulator, developed a standalone control software and implemented a software for collection of communication bricks. This controller was working properly and fullled the goal set at the beginning of the thesis to design a communication brick collecting manipulator.
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Dickie, Jocelyn E. "Factors affecting the performance of brick veneer construction." Connect to this title online, 2008. http://etd.lib.clemson.edu/documents/1211387249/.
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Kingman, Michael John. "Brickmaking and brick building in Staffordshire 1500-1760." Thesis, Keele University, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.436410.
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Wen, D. "Soil-structure interaction in brick and blockwork walls." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.379738.
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Kibriya, Tahir. "Properties of concrete with crushed brick coarse aggregates." Thesis, City University London, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.304518.
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Kurzmann, Renate. "Roman military brick stamps : a comparison of methodology /." Oxford : Archaeopress, 2006. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb40921965r.
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Sargent, James Randal. "The programmable LEGO brick : ubiquitous computing for kids." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/34694.
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Chung-WeiChang and 張雋緯. "Mineral reactions between MgO-C bricks and slag in ladle and its relation to brick degradation." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/87009327952251663731.
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碩士國立成功大學
地球科學系碩博士班
101
MgO-C bricks are widely used in steelmaking industry, usually as linings in basic oxygen furnace and electric arc furnace. They are also the best materials for lining the slag-line in steel ladles. Because the MgO-C bricks are subjected to corrosion by steel melt and molten slag, they flake off from furnace and ladle; therefore, are one of the consumable materials. This thesis investigated the mineral reactions in the MgO-C brick + slag system and addressed the association of these mineral reactions with the corrosion of the MgO-C bricks. The outcome provides critical references for prolonging the lifetime of the steel ladle MgO-C bricks. SEM and EDS analyses on a MgO-C brick removed from ladle after ~70 times of steel refining process showed three different mineral assemblage zones between the slag–brick transition. They are, from closest to slag toward brick, decarburization zone, slag-side reaction zone, and brick-side reaction zone. The decarburization zone is characterized by relatively large volume of pore space, which has been commonly interpreted as vacancies resulted from carbon removal from the MgO-C bricks during heating. The pore space was filled by periclase originated as crystals from MgO vapor and as relicts from brick degradation. The simple mineral assemblage in the decarburization zone contrasts to the sophisticated ones in the reaction zone. The slag-side reaction zone is composed of gelhenite, spinel, melilite, merwinite, monticellite and glassy matrix. The majority (9 of 18) of the glass composition analyses resulted in sub-equal amounts of Al2O3 and CaO (~39%) with ~20% SiO2 and 〈 1% MgO. This composition can be explained as addition of SiO2 and MgO derived from bricks into the molten slag that crystallized C3A and C12A7. Other glass compositions are characterized by lower Al2O3 contents of 22–8%. The association of these glass compositions and coexisting minerals was justified by relevant phase diagrams in the Al2O3–CaO–SiO2–MgO system. The observed mineral assemblage is consistent with crystallization from a melt with composition similar to the high Al2O3 glass in a general sequence of gelhenite spinel + melilite spinel + melilite + merwinite melilite + merwinite + monticellite. Melts with compositions similar to the ~10%-Al2O3 glass were in equilibrium with monticellite-containing mineral assemblages. Element mapping showed systematical increases in Al2O3, MgO, and SiO2 and a decrease in CaO contents toward brick. Based on the fact that such a variation pattern reflects changes in mineral assemblages, this feature is explained by two models: (1) crystallization from melts whose compositions subjected to varying extents of contamination from bricks, and (2) fractional crystallization from a compositionally homogeneous melt. The brick-side reaction zone is dominated by spinel, fosterite and monticellite. Fosterite formed as a product of interaction between periclase and SiO2 vapor derived from oxidation of Si metal in the bricks. The fosterite then reacted with the slag-derived or brick-derived CaO components to form monticellite. The formation mechanisms of minerals in the reaction zone lead to three lines of connections to brick degradation. (1) Interaction between periclase in the brick and the FeO and MnO components in the slag formed (Mg, Fe, Mn)O, which subsequently dissolved into the slag for lower melting point. (2) Partial melting of the interstitial phases in the sintered periclase led to gradual disintegration of brick. (3) Dissolution of minerals formed in the reaction zone facilitated brick degradation. These should be considered for extending the lifetime of the steel ladle MgO-C brick.
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Matthana, Mohamed Hafez Saad. "Strength Of Brick Masonry And Masonry Walls With Openings." Thesis, 1996. http://etd.iisc.ernet.in/handle/2005/1685.
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Gumaste, Krishnakedar S. "Studies On Strength And Elasticity Of Brick Masonry Walls." Thesis, 2004. http://etd.iisc.ernet.in/handle/2005/1229.
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Gourav, K. "Studies on Flexural Behaviour of Fly Ash-Lime-Gypsum Brick Masonry." Thesis, 2015. http://etd.iisc.ernet.in/2005/3925.
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Varieties of masonry units such as burnt clay bricks, stones and concrete products are used for masonry construction. Even though these materials are durable, they are considered as unsustainable options because of the issues concerning energy, environment and conservation of natural resources. The walling materials are consumed in bulk quantities and hence large quantities of natural resources are depleted. There is a need for energy efficient and environment friendly alternative materials for masonry. Fly ash is an industrial by-product from the coal based thermal power plants which can be exploited for manufacturing of masonry units such as fly ash blocks/bricks, which are an alternative for conventional masonry units. Fly ash-Lime-Gypsum (FaL-G) bricks can be manufactured by compaction of a mixture of fly ash-lime-gypsum and water. The behaviour of FaL-G brick masonry is inadequately explored area and hence the thesis is focused on understanding the flexural behaviour of FaL-G brick masonry and bond development phenomenon at FaL-G brick-mortar interface.
A brief introduction to the fly ash-based masonry units and literature review with respect to utilizing fly ash in manufacturing masonry units are presented. Characteristics of raw materials used and the procedure followed in casting of masonry units/compacts, mortar and their assemblages including testing methods have been discussed. Characteristics of FaL-G brick, mortars, FaL-G brick masonry are presented. Apart from determining the stress-strain relationships for these materials shear strength parameters of FaL-G compact, mortar and brick-mortar joint were determined. Mohr-Coulomb failure envelopes for FaL-G compact and mortar are presented.
The mechanism of bond development in masonry is discussed. FaL-G brick masonry shows considerably higher bond strength when compared with the bond strength of conventional brick masonry. Results of micro-structure analysis (SEM, XRD and TGA) of the FaL-G brick-mortar interfaces confirm the formation of chemical bond in addition to mechanical interlocking of cement hydration products into brick pores.
Flexural behaviour of FaL-G brick masonry wallettes in the two orthogonal directions was studied. The flexural strength, displacement profiles and load-displacement curves were determined, and moment-curvature relationships were established. Linear elastic analysis performed closely predicted the cracking flexural stress in FaL-G brick masonry.
A brief introduction to the computational modelling of masonry using different approaches has been presented. Literature review with respect to simplified micro-modelling approach has been discussed. The flexural behaviour of FaL-G brick masonry panels under lateral loads was predicted using a non-linear 3D finite element analysis. The finite element model reasonably predicted the flexural behaviour of FaL-G brick masonry panels. The thesis ends with summary of research work with a note on scope for further research.
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Liu, Yi-Pei, and 劉宜珮. "Seismic Evaluation of Brick and Reinforced Brick Buildings." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/72063053622037866673.
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碩士國立成功大學
建築學系碩博士班
91
Many low-rise buildings such as street —front building, school building and government building, were seriously damaged during the Taiwan Chi-Chi earthquake, 1999. The old buildings that are still many people live in now were frequently constructed by brick or reinforced brick before 1971. However, the seismic behaviors of brick buildings and reinforced brick buildings are not well specified in the existing Taiwan Building Code. So this paper proposes a rational method to calculate the ultimate in-plane shear capacity of brick walls and the collapse peak ground acceleration of brick structures. First of all, this paper develops the equations for the strength of brick and mortar interface from the experimental results in Taiwan. Secondly, this paper uses the crack path method to calculate the ultimate in-plane shear capacity of a brick wall. Finally, this paper adopts the static pushover method to calculate the collapse peak ground acceleration of the brick structures. The analytic buildings are designed according to the “Revision of the Design Provisions for Brick Buildings and the Effect of Brick Walls for Earthquake Resistance”. The conclusions of this paper are: 1.The analytic in-plane shear capacities of brick walls are compared to the experimental in-plane shear capacities with reasonable accuracy. 2.The analytic P-Δ curves of reinforced brick walls are compared to the experimental P-Δ curves with good match. 3.From the assessment method proposed by this paper, it shows that street buildings, residential buildings, kindergartens and police stations up to 2 story high, if they are designed and constructed by the provisions of the “Revision of the Design Provisions for Brick Buildings and the Effect of Brick Walls for Earthquake Resistance” can satisfy the existing Code requirement for Z=0.33, I=1.25.
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Fonseca, Mariana Miranda Gomes Correia da. "A diworsefication case study : rebuilding LEGO brick by brick." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/29010.
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This paper examines how a company may successfully walk out of a diworsefication situation: stage in which a brand has excessively overdiversified over new extensions, to the point it got weaker and its performance started failing. The study explains why companies enter a failing stage, particularly, mature companies which desperately search for innovation. It also concludes that several internal and external factors may lead a company to extend its business and that the idea of leveraging brand awareness and reputation, and spreading business risk over products may be appealing for a company to enter new markets. Yet, hidden costs, the possibility of a bad reputation on the parent brand, and extreme deviation from the core business may lead a brand to become lost, distracted, failing and losing money due to overstretching. Thus, this study provides guidance on when to stop diversifying and how to do it. The presented recovery strategies are content-orientated and process-orientated. The first includes cost efficiencies, asset retrenchment, focus on the core activities and build for the future. The latter involves reinvigoration of firm leadership and culture change. To better understand these concepts, this paper uses LEGO’s case as a real-life example of a success story of a company which almost went bankrupt due to a blind chase after a brand extension strategy. Fortunately, the Danish company turned around mostly thanks to a fierce cut on unprofitable adjacencies and a rigid refocusing on the core business product, the bricks.Este estudo explora como uma empresa é capaz de sair com sucesso de uma situação de diworsification, termo derivado do inglês diverse + worse: estado que uma marca atinge após ter extendido excessivamente a sua oferta de productos e serviços, tendo por isso ficado mais fraca e com uma pior performance. Este estudo explica o que leva a performance das empresas a falhar, particularmente, empresas amadurecidas que procuram inovar-se. Esta tese conclui que são muitos os motivos externos e internos que levam uma empres a extender o seu negócio, e que a possibilidade de obter maior reconhecimento e de repartir o risco da marca por vários produtos alicia qualquer empresa a explorar novos mercados. Contudo, os custos escondidos destas extensões, e a possibilidade de deteriorização da marca e de que esta desvie o seu foco do negócio principal e se distraia, podem levar ao seu falhanço. Assim, este estudo apresenta várias estratégias de recuperação, nomeadamente estratégias de conteúdo e de processo. A primeira inclui eficiências de custos, foco nas atividades principais da empresa, e construção para o futuro. A segunda inclui uma liderança firme e cultura de mudança. Para melhor compreender estes conceitos, este estudo usa a LEGO como exemplo prático de uma empresa que saiu com sucesso de uma situação de quase falência, devido a uma estratégia desmedida de extensão de marca. Felizmente, a empresa Dinamarquesa, conseguiu dar a volta cortando extensões que apenas davam prejuízo, e adoptando uma estratégia de focalização no producto principal da marca, tijolos.
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Gourav, K. "Studies On Compacted Stabilised Fly Ash Mixtures And Fly Ash Bricks For Masonry." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2005/676.
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Fly ash is a waste product from thermal power plants where pulverised coal is used for the generation of electricity. Fly ash is being utilised in the blended cements, additive for concrete and manufacturing of concrete blocks and bricks. Fly ash-lime-gypsum bricks are being manufactured and marketed throughout the country. The literature review on fly ash-lime-gypsum (FALG) mixtures as intended to manufacture bricks or blocks for masonry applications indicates several gaps in understanding the various aspects of the technology. The present thesis is an attempt to understand the behaviour of compacted stabilised fly ash mixtures for the manufacture of fly ash bricks and characteristics of masonry using such bricks.
A brief introduction to the technology of compacted stabilised fly ash bricks for structural masonry is provided. Review of the literature on fly ash-lime and fly ash-lime-gypsum mixtures, and fly ash bricks is provided in chapter 1. Chapter 2 gives details of the experimental programme, properties of raw materials used in the experimental investigations, methods of preparing different types of specimens and their testing procedures.
Chapter 3 deals with the strength and absorption characteristics of compacted stabilised fly ash mixtures in greater detail. The main focus of the investigations is on arriving at the optimum stabilizer-fly ash mixtures considering density, stabilizer-fly ash ratio, curing conditions, etc. as the variables. Therefore the parameters/variables considered in the investigation include: (a) density of the compacted fly ash mixture, (b) stabilizer-fly ash ratio, (c) curing duration (normal curing and steam curing) and (d) dosage of additives like gypsum. Some of the major conclusions of the investigations are (a) compressive strength of compacted stabilised fly ash mixtures is sensitive to dry density of the specimens and the strength increases with increase in density irrespective of stabiliser content and type of curing, (b) Optimum limefly ash ratio yielding maximum strength is 0.75, (c) addition of gypsum accelerates rate of strength gain for compacted fly ash-lime mixtures (d) for 28 days wet burlap curing optimum gypsum content yielding maximum strength is 2% and maximum compressive strength is achieved for lime contents in the range of 10 – 17%, (e) steam curing (at 80 °C for 24 hours) gives highest compressive strength for compacted fly ash-lime mixtures.
Characteristics of compacted fly ash-lime, fly ash-lime-gypsum and fly ash-cement bricks and their masonry are presented in chapter 4. Compressive strength, elastic modulus, water absorption, initial rate of absorption, dimensional stability and durability of the bricks were examined. Compressive strength, flexure bond strength and stress strain relationship for the fly ash brick masonry using cement-lime mortar were evaluated. The investigations clearly show the possibility of producing bricks of good quality using compacted fly ash-lime gypsum mixtures. Wet compressive strengths of 8- 10 MPa was obtained for compacted fly ash-lime-gypsum bricks at the age of 28 days. Wet strength to dry strength ratio for these bricks is in the range of 0.55 – 0.67. Initial tangent modulus for the fly ash-lime-gypsum bricks in saturated condition is in the range of 8000 – 12000 MPa. There is a large scope for selecting optimum mix ratios of fly ash, sand, lime and other additives to obtain a specific designed strength for the brick. The thesis ends with Chapter 5 highlighting major conclusions of the investigations.