Relevant bibliographies by topics / Bridge abutments

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
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Academic literature on the topic 'Bridge abutments'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 24 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Bridge abutments"

1

Alqarawi, Ahmed S., Chin J. Leo, D. S. Liyanapathirana, and Sanka Ekanayake. "Parametric Study on the Approach Problem of an Integral Abutment Bridge Subjected to Cyclic Loading due to Temperature Changes." Applied Mechanics and Materials 846 (July 2016): 421–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.846.421.

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Integral Abutment Bridges are widely utilized around the world because they offer a design alternative minimizing the potential construction and maintenance difficulties associated with expansion joints in other types of bridges. However, integral bridge systems also have certain issues that result from the absence of expansion joints. This is because temperature changes induce cycles of elongations and shortenings in the bridge deck which lead to rotational movements in bridge abutments against and away from the retained soil. This phenomenon may develop long term problems in terms of settlement of the backfill at the bridge approach and escalation in the lateral earth pressure acting on the bridge abutments. This paper aims to investigate the approach settlement and lateral earth pressure development in integral bridges abutments using finite element modelling of a concrete bridge abutment and the adjoining soil using the ABAQUS software. The paper presents a parametric study of the effects imposed by abutment movements on the retained soil. This study also investigates the effectiveness of using expanded polystyrene (EPS) geofoam inclusions as a remedial measure to minimize the approach settlement and lateral stress ratcheting effects in Integral Abutment Bridges.
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Keller, Gordon R., and Steven C. Devin. "Geosynthetic-Reinforced Soil Bridge Abutments." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1819, no. 1 (January 2003): 362–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1819b-46.

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Geosynthetic-reinforced soil (GRS) bridge abutments have been used on a number of bridge projects over the past decade. This adaptation of reinforced soil technology to bridge structures and their approach fills offers an excellent opportunity to simplify construction, reduce construction time, and reduce cost on structures for which this technology is appropriate. This design concept, in which the actual bridge superstructure rests upon the GRS abutment wall, minimizes differential settlement and eliminates the problematic “bridge bump” found on many structures. The technology has been adapted to both road and trail bridges. The basic design concept of GRS used in bridge abutment applications was evaluated, along with its advantages and disadvantages. Some selected case histories of GRS bridge abutments on low-volume roads and trails in Alaska and California were considered. In addition, the Mammoth bridges, in the mountains of northern California, with high design snow loads and high horizontal peak ground accelerations, afforded an opportunity to design, construct, and monitor GRS-supported spread-footing abutments under difficult service conditions.
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Husain, Iqbal, and Dino Bagnariol. "Design and Performance of Jointless Bridges in Ontario: New Technical and Material Concepts." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1696, no. 1 (January 2000): 109–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1696-14.

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It is well recognized that leaking expansion joints at the ends of bridge decks have led to the premature deterioration of bridge components. The elimination of these maintenance-prone joints not only yields immediate economic benefits but also improves the long-term durability of bridges. In Ontario, Canada, “jointless” bridges have been used for many years. Recently, the use of two main types of these bridges has increased dramatically. The first type is an “integral abutment” bridge that comprises an integral deck and abutment system supported on flexible piles. The approach slabs are also continuous with the deck slab. The flexible foundation allows the anticipated deck movements to take place at the end of the approach slab. Control joint details have been developed to allow movements at this location. The second type is a “semi-integral abutment” bridge that also allows expansion joints to be eliminated from the end of the bridge deck. The approach slabs are continuous with the deck slab, and the abutments are supported on rigid foundations (spread footings). The superstructure is not continuous with the abutments, and conventional bearings are used to allow horizontal movements between the deck and the abutments. A control joint is provided at the end of the approach slab that is detailed to slide in between the wing walls. Some of the design methods and construction details that are used in Ontario for integral and semi-integral abutment bridges are summarized. A review of the actual performance of existing bridges is also presented.
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Rashidi, Maria, Chunwei Zhang, Maryam Ghodrat, Shaun Kempton, Bijan Samali, Ali Akbarnezhad, and Limeng Zhu. "Bridge Abutment Movement and Approach Settlement — A Case Study and Scenario Analysis." International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics 18, no. 08 (August 2018): 1840011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219455418400114.

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Movement of bridge abutment is a significant issue affecting the overall reliability and safety of the structure. However, despite considerable consequences, potential movement of abutment is usually not considered in design of bridges for serviceability and abutments are generally designed as fixed elements. Theoretical analysis of bridge abutment and deck design provides background knowledge of reactions that should be anticipated and accounted for. Case studies of bridges experiencing movements and rotations show that practical outcomes often deviate from theoretical expectations. The research presented in this paper, aims to develop a better understanding of abutment stability from both a design and maintenance point of view. This paper includes an in-depth case study of the Kanahooka Road Overbridge in New South Wales, Australia. The results of a full bridge inspection leading to identification of multiple serviceability issues caused by movement of abutments are presented. Moreover, a systematic methodology is implemented, to identify potential remedial options for treatment of abutment movement. The knowledge gained through this case study has led to the development of a model for the management of abutment movement.
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Huntley, Shelley A., and Arun J. Valsangkar. "Field monitoring of earth pressures on integral bridge abutments." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 50, no. 8 (August 2013): 841–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2012-0440.

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Integral abutment bridges have become a successful alternative to the traditional design procedure of using expansion joints to balance the thermal movements of bridge structures. However, there are many design and detailing variations, and uncertainties exist about the soil–structure interaction of the integral abutments. Therefore, field data from pressure cells installed behind the abutments of a 76 m long, two-span, pile-supported integral abutment bridge are the focus of this paper. The data on external displacements of the abutments are also reported. The applicability of using common theoretical passive earth pressure coefficients is assessed and it appears that the traditional methods of Coulomb and Rankine are not the best approach for predicting the earth pressure envelope. Additionally, over the monitoring period of three years, it was found that a definite conclusion regarding the ratcheting of lateral earth pressure could not be established for this bridge site. Finally, comparisons to earth pressures measured at other field studies indicate variability in the earth pressure distribution, magnitude, and behaviour over time, as these are dependent on several factors distinctive to each bridge site.
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Heydarpour, Khashayar, and Payam Tehrani. "Influence of Abutment Stiffness and Strength on the Seismic Response of Horizontally Curved RC Bridges in Comparison with Equivalent Straight Bridges at Different Seismic Intensity Levels." Shock and Vibration 2022 (November 25, 2022): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/3532331.

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Seismic design codes have imposed some limitations on the maximum subtended angle of curved bridges and allow engineers to analyze and design them using an equivalent straight bridge. This paper investigates these limitations and evaluates the AASHTO code recommendations regarding the prediction of the seismic responses of curved bridges using an equivalent straight bridge for bridges with different abutment properties at different seismic hazard levels. In this regard, the seismic responses of 21 horizontally curved and straight RC four-span bridges with different abutment types are investigated. In 7 bridge models, soil-abutment-bridge interaction is neglected, while in the rest of the bridge models, the seat-type abutments with the participation of the nonlinear backfill soil, gap, and abutment piles are used in structural modeling. First, nonlinear static (pushover) analyses are carried out to evaluate the overall behavior of the bridges with different abutment configurations in the two perpendicular principal directions. Subsequently, nonlinear time history analyses are performed to predict the seismic response of bridge elements, including column drifts and deck displacements at the place of the abutments in the radial and tangential directions at different seismic intensity levels, including the design basis earthquake (DBE) and maximum credible earthquake (MCE) excitation levels. In addition, the actual maximum displacements of the components of the bridges (i.e., the total absolute displacements) were also predicted and evaluated for different cases. It was found that the abutment properties and boundary conditions had a significant effect on the seismic response assessment of curved bridges compared to straight bridges, while such parameters are not currently considered by the design codes. The results also indicated that by increasing the seismic intensity level, more limitations should be imposed on the use of the equivalent straight bridges.
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Deng, Yulin, Shuxun Ge, and Fan Lei. "Effects of Pounding and Abutment Behavior on Seismic Response of Multi-Span Bridge Considering Abutment-Soil-Foundation-Structure Interactions." Buildings 13, no. 1 (January 16, 2023): 260. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13010260.

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This study aims to analyze the longitudinal seismic performance of a typical multi-span continuous girder bridge with seat-type abutments under earthquake excitation, especially accounting for different abutment behaviors. Three-dimensional finite element models of typical multi-span bridges are built considering the nonlinearity of the bridge columns, bearings, abutment-backfill interactions, pile-soil interactions, and the pounding at expansion joints. One of the models adopts a simplified bilinear model to express the force-displacement relationship of the abutment backwall. The other adopts a more practical multi-linear model, and the abutment backwall is used as a sacrificial component to control the damage to the abutment’s foundation by changing the strength of the abutment backwall. Comparisons of the results of the analysis of two bridge models with and without a sacrificial backwall indicate that it is more favorable for bridges with a sacrificial backwall to protect the foundation, but it is likely to arouse a larger displacement response of the main beam and even cause the unseating of girders. The recommendation for a sacrificial abutment in seismic design is that the right yield strength of the backwall should be selected to reach the balance point of force and displacement, and a collapse-proof system could be employed to prevent the beam from unseating.
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Paikun, Amir Hamzah, Selfin Anugrah Amdania, and Shcherbak Petr Nikolaevich. "Analysis of abutment safety factors against landslides on the Cipeundeuy bridge - Sukatani, Indonesia." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL ENGINEERING AND APPLIED TECHNOLOGY (IJEAT) 4, no. 1 (May 29, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.52005/ijeat.v4i1.46.

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Bridges are connecting access between one region and another, and play an important role in transportation to facilitate community economic activities. The river bridge has very steep cliffs, and these cliffs often occur in landslides, therefore this study is very important to determine the safety of the bridge. This study aims to determine the safety of the bridge abutment structure which is the head of the bridge with the function of continuing the load on the bridge foundation. This analysis is limited to only calculating the stability and safety of bridge abutments with reinforced concrete structures. The analysis uses methods and formulas referring to Indonesian national standards, namely RSNI T-02-2005 regarding loading for bridges, RSNI T-12-2004 concerning concrete structure planning for bridges, SNI 03-2833-200X concerning earthquake resistance planning standards for bridges. The data used are drawing data and technical specifications used on the bridge, then the data is verified against planning consultants, project implementers, and observations at the location. The results of the analysis stated that the bridge abutment was declared safe from soil thrust and other forces, but did not have a good safety factor against shear forces. Landslides that occur can be resisted by the bridge abutments. This research is expected to be followed up by policymakers to repair bridges so that they are resistant to maximum shear forces, and provide safety signs from landslides to relieve public anxiety when crossing bridges, as well as provide reinforcement for the cliffs around the bridge.
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Awad Ibnouf, Omer, and Eltayeb Hassan Onsa. "Effects of temperature changes on voided slab integral abutment bridge." FES Journal of Engineering Sciences 9, no. 1 (February 22, 2021): 104–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.52981/fjes.v9i1.666.

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Integral Abutment Bridges (IABs) are joint-less bridges whereby the deck is monolithic with the abutment walls. IABs are outperforming their non-integral counterparts in economy and safety. Thermal effects introduce significantly complex and nonlinear soil-structure interaction into the response of abutment walls and piles of the IB. This paper carried out comprehensive study on voided slab system with five spans bridge each span is 17m long. The bridge has been modelled using SAP software. The abutments and pile foundations are modeled taking into consideration the soil-structure interaction. The study covered a design uniform temperature change of (10, 20, 30, 40 and 50) °C. To gain a better understanding of the mechanism of load transfer due to thermal actions, a 3D frame anal¬ysis is carried out on the above mentioned IABs. The results showed wide range of different linear and lightly non-linear relationships between temperature range, deformations and moments. The paper highlighted the serious effect of the deformations resulting from the repeated temperature change which causes drop in soil or bombing at the abutments ~ embankment contact zone.
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M. Dicleli. "Computer-aided limit states analysis of bridge abutments." Electronic Journal of Structural Engineering 1, no. 1 (January 1, 2001): 74–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.56748/ejse.1161.

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This paper presents a computer program developed for limit states analysis of abutments. The program can perform both structural and geotechnical analysis of bridge abutments and check their resistances in compliance with limit states design criteria. In the program, the earth pressure coefficient for the backfill soil is calculated as a function of abutment’s lateral non-linear displacement. Therefore, for abutments partially restrained against lateral movement, an earth pressure coefficient less than that of at-rest conditions may be obtained. This may result in a more economical design.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Bridge abutments"

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Kayaturk, Yurdagul Serife. "Scour And Scour Protection At Bridge Abutments." Phd thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12605834/index.pdf.

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ABSTRACT SCOUR AND SCOUR PROTECTION AT BRIDGE ABUTMENTS Kayatü
rk, Serife Yurdagü
l Ph. D., Department of Civil Engineering Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Mustafa Gö
gü
S Co-Supervisor: Dr. Mehmet Ali Kö
kpinar January 2005, 213 pages Bridge failures are mainly caused by scouring the bed material around bridge foundations during flood. In this study, scour phenomenon around bridge abutments is experimentally studied. Effect of abutment size, location and size of the collars placed around the abutments, time evaluation of scour hole around the abutment, scour characteristics of abutment and pier interaction were experimentally investigated. Scour measurements were conducted in a rectangular channel of 30 m long and 1.5 m wide filled with erodable uniform sediment. In the first part of the study, in order to investigate the size effect of the abutment on the maximum scour depth, abutments of nine different sizes were tested for three different water depths. It was found that the length of the abutment is more important parameter than the width of it. Secondly, efficiency of various sizes of collars, which are used to reduce the local scour depth, located at different elevations around the abutments was determined. It was noticed that when the collar width was increased and placed at or below the bed level, the reduction in scour depth increases considerably. Some tests for partial-collar arrangements around the abutments were conducted and it was shown that instead of full-collar one can use partial-collar arrangements around the abutments to achieve the same efficiency as the full-collar. Time development of scour holes around the abutments with and without collar cases were recorded. It was observed considerable reductions in scour depths around the abutments can be obtained with collars compared to the cases in which there are no collars over the same time period. Finally, a series of experiments were carried out to investigate the interaction between bridge abutments and piers related to the local scour around them. Based on the experiments conducted with two different abutment lengths and pier diameters varying the lateral distances between them it was observed that scour depth reduction capacities of collars vary significantly while comparing a single abutment or pier.
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Chua, Ken. "Large Eddy Simulation of flow around bridge abutments." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2018. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/116655/.

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Extreme hydrological events have increased the frequency of ooding scenarios in recent years, resulting in significant bridge inundation and associated damages. Turbulence structures within the ow field are highly energetic and possess high sediment entrainment capacity which will lead to the scour formation around the bridge foundation and consequently causes structural instability or even failure of the structure. This research employs the method of Large Eddy Simulation (LES) to elucidate the complex ow mechanisms around bridge abutments in changing conditions. The level set method (LSM) is adopted in LES code to predict the complex water surface profiles and an extensive validation of the method against complementary experiment is presented. A faithful representation of a natural river which consists of an asymmetrical compound channel with a parabolic main channel and two variable-length abutments with sloped sidewalls and rounded corners, and a bridge deck is presented in this thesis. The LES code is used to analyse the effect of bridge abutment length on the turbulence structure and ow field through the bridge opening. Extensive analysis by means of streamwise velocity contours, 2D and 3D streamlines, isosurfaces of Q-criterion, contours of wall-normal vorticity, probability density functions, quadrant analysis, power density spectra, and water surface elevation contours has been carried out and have shown significant differences between the different abutment lengths. The findings attempt to contribute to the design of resilient hydraulic structures especially on considering the shape and size of an abutment. The investigation of ow mechanisms around bridge abutments under different scour conditions (i.e. pre-scour and equilibrium scour) is presented in the later part of the thesis. Through 3D streamlines and contours of vertical velocity and turbulent kinetic energy, the equilibrium scour case reveals an increase in the three-dimensionality of the ow around the left abutment in the scour region when compared with the at bed case. Focusing on the near bed quantities, i.e. bed shear stress and near bed turbulent kinetic energy, the equilibrium scour case shows a significant relaxation at the vicinity of the left abutment, indicating a drastic reduction in sediment activities.
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Sears, Brian K. "Pile downdrag during construction of two bridge abutments /." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2008. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd2638.pdf.

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Sears, Brian Keith. "Pile Downdrag During Construction of Two Bridge Abutments." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2008. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/1918.

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Two steel pipe piles in place in abutments for two different bridge constructions sites were instrumented with strain gauges to measure the magnitude of negative skin friction. The piles were monitored before, during and up to 19 months after construction was completed. The load versus depth and time in each pile is discussed. Maximum observed dragloads ranged from 98 to 127 kips. A comparison with two methods for calculating dragloads is presented. Both comparison methods were found to be conservative, with the Briaud and Tucker (1997) approach more closely estimating the observed load versus depth behavior.
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Remund, Tyler Kirk. "Large-Scale Testing of Low-Strength Cellular Concrete for Skewed Bridge Abutments." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2017. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/7213.

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Low-strength cellular concrete consists of a cement slurry that is aerated prior to placement. It remains a largely untested material with properties somewhere between those of soil, geofoam, and typical controlled low-strength material (CLSM). The benefits of using this material include its low density, ease of placement, and ability to self-compact. Although the basic laboratory properties of this material have been investigated, little information exists about the performance of this material in the field, much less the passive resistance behavior of this material in the field.In order to evaluate the use of cellular concrete as a backfill material behind bridge abutments, two large-scale tests were conducted. These tests sought to better understand the passive resistance, the movement required to reach this resistance, the failure mechanism, and skew effects for a cellular concrete backfill. The tests used a pile cap with a backwall face 5.5 ft (1.68 m) tall and 11 ft (3.35 m) wide. The backfill area had walls on either side running parallel to the sides of the pile cap to allow the material to fail in a 2D fashion. The cellular concrete backfill for the 30° skew test had an average wet density of 29.6 pcf (474 kg/m3) and a compressive strength of 57.6 psi (397 kPa). The backfill for the 0° skew test had an average wet density of 28.6 pcf (458 kg/m3) and a compressive strength of 50.9 psi (351 kPa). The pile cap was displaced into the backfill area until failure occurred. A total of two tests were conducted, one with a 30° skew wedge attached to the pile cap and one with no skew wedge attached.It was observed that the cellular concrete backfill mainly compressed under loading with no visible failure at the surface. The passive-force curves showed the material reaching an initial peak resistance after movement equal to 1.7-2.6% of the backwall height and then remaining near this strength or increasing in strength with any further deflection. No skew effects were observed; any difference between the two tests is most likely due to the difference in concrete placement and testing.
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Dogan, Abdullah Ercument. "Effects Of Collars On Scour Reduction At Bridge Abutments." Master's thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12610203/index.pdf.

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Bridge failures are generally resulted from scour of the bed material around bridge piers and abutments during severe floods. In this study, scour phenomenon around bridge abutments and collars, located at abutments as scour countermeasures, were experimentally studied. The experimental study was carried out under clear-water scour conditions with uniform non-cohesive sediment (having a grain size diameter of d50=0.90 mm). The experimental flume is a rectangular channel of 30 m long and 1.5 m wide filled with this erodible bed material. Based on the results of 97 experiments conducted during the study, the efficiency of various sizes of collars, which were used to reduce the local scour depth, located at different elevations around the abutments was determined. The results obtained were compared with previous studies, and the effect of the sediment grain size on the performance of abutment collars was emphasized. It was noticed that when the collar width was increased and placed at or below the bed level, the reduction in scour depth increases considerably. It was also found out that the change of the sediment size did not affect the optimum location of the collar at the abutment, which yields the maximum scour reduction around the abutment.
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Sadiq, Aftab. "Clear-water scour around bridge abutments in compound channels." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/19308.

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Marei, Khaled Mohammed Said. "The stability of riprap for bridge abutments or embankments." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276676.

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The main objective of this research is to estimate the sizes of riprap (loose rock) on highway or railroad embankments approaching bridges, that would be stable in major floods. Two assumptions about the flow direction were made: one horizontal to the bridge abutment and the other normal to the projection of the bridge abutment. Three dynamic conditions of stability of riprap were observed and classified as shaking, some movement, and large movement (washing out). Shaking is the most conservative criteria for design because it indicates more stability than is necessary, requires larger rock, and is less cost efficient. Some movement suggests a conservative design criteria and is the most desirable because it requires smaller riprap and is therefore less expensive. Large movement or washing out means the least stable condition; it may leave the structure as well as human lives exposed to danger.
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Guo, Zifan. "Numerical Analysis of Passive Force on Skewed Bridge Abutments." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2015. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6151.

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Accounting for seismic forces and thermal expansion in bridge design requires an accurate passive force-deflection relationship for the abutment wall. Current design codes make no allowance for skew effects on passive force; however, large scale field tests indicate that there is a substantial reduction in peak passive force as skew angle increases. A reduction in passive force also reduces the transverse shear resistance on the abutment. The purpose of this study is to validate three-dimensional model using PLAXIS 3D, against large scale test results performed at Brigham Young University and to develop a set of calibrated finite element models. The model set could be used to evaluate the variation in passive resistance with skew angle for various abutment geometries and backfill types. Initially, the finite element model was calibrated using the results from a suite of field tests where the backfill material consisted of dense compacted sand. Results were available for skew angles of 0, 15, 30 and 45°. Numerical model results were compared with measured passive force-deflection curves, ground surface heave and displacement contours, longitudinal displacements, and failure plane geometry. Soil properties were defined by laboratory testing and in-situ direct shear tests on the compacted fill. Soil properties and mesh geometries were primarily calibrated based on the zero skew test results. The results were particularly sensitive to the soil friction angle, wall friction angle, angle of dilatancy, soil stiffness and lateral restraint of the abutment backwall movement. Reasonable agreement between measured and computed response was obtained in all cases confirming numerically that passive force decreases as skew angle increases Additional analyses were then performed for abutments with different soil boundaries.
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Jessee, Shon Joseph. "Skew Effects on Passive Earth Pressures Based on Large-Scale Tests." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2012. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3202.

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The passive force-deflection relationship for abutment walls is important for bridges subjected to thermal expansion and seismic forces, but no test results have been available for skewed abutments. To determine the influence of skew angle on the development of passive force, lab tests were performed on a wall with skew angles of 0º, 15º, 30º, and 45º. The wall was 1.26 m wide and 0.61 m high and the backfill consisted of dense compacted sand. As the skew angle increased, the passive force decreased substantially with a reduction of 50% at a skew of 30º. An adjustment factor was developed to account for the reduced capacity as a function of skew angle. The shape of the passive force-deflection curve leading to the peak force transitioned from a hyperbolic shape to a more bilinear shape as the skew angle increased. However, the horizontal displacement necessary to develop the peak passive force was typically 2 to 3.5% of the wall height. In all cases, the passive force decreased after the peak value, which would be expected for dense sand; however, at higher skew angles the drop in resistance was more abrupt than at lower skew angles. The residual passive force was typically about 35 to 45% lower relative to the peak force. Lateral movement was minimal due to shear resistance which typically exceeded the applied shear force. Computer models based on the log-spiral method, with apparent cohesion for matric suction, were able to match the measured force for the no skew case as well as the force for skewed cases when the proposed adjustment factor was used.
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Books on the topic "Bridge abutments"

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Wu, Jonathan T. H. GRS bridge piers and abutments. McLean, VA (6300 Georgetown Pike, McLean 22101-2296): U.S. Dept. of Transporation, Federal Highway Administration, Research, Development, and Technology, Turner-Fairbank Highway Research Center, 2001.

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Wu, Jonathan T. H. GRS bridge piers and abutments. McLean, VA: U.S. Department of Transporation, Federal Highway Administration; Research, Development, and Technology, Turner-Fairbank Highway Research Center, 2001.

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J, White David. Geosynthetic reinforced soil for low volume bridge abutments. Ames, IA: Center for Earthworks Engineering Research, Iowa State University, 2012.

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Evans, Ryan. Modified sheet pile abutments for low-volume road bridges. Ames, Iowa: Iowa State University, 2012.

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Great Britain. Scottish Development Department., ed. Backfilled retaining walls, bridge abutments and wingwalls. Edinburgh: Scottish Development Department, 1988.

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R, Ettema, Melville Bruce W, National Cooperative Highway Research Program., National Research Council (U.S.). Transportation Research Board., American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials., and United States. Federal Highway Administration., eds. Countermeasures to protect bridge abutments from scour. Washington, D.C: Transportation Research Board, 2007.

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Azadeh, Bozorgzadeh, Structural Systems Research Project, University of California, San Diego. Dept. of Structural Engineering., and California. Dept. of Transportation. Division of Engineering Services., eds. Seismic response of sacrificial exterior shear keys in bridge abutments. La Jolla, Calif: University of California, San Diego, Dept. of Structural Engineering, 2007.

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Bruce, S. M. Non-traditional materials for trench & bridge abutment backfill. Wellington, N.Z: Transfund New Zealand, 1997.

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Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development., ed. Repairing bridge substructures: Report. Paris: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 1995.

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Hoppe, Edward J. Performance of a skewed semi-integral bridge: Volume 1 : field monitoring. Charlottesville, Va: Virginia Transportation Research Council, 2008.

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Book chapters on the topic "Bridge abutments"

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Kumar, Anoop, B. N. Advith Ganesh, Shubham Vats, P. Sumanth, T. Gangadharaiah, and K. H. Mamatha. "Scour Around Bridge Abutments in Clay Bed." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 393–404. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-5195-6_31.

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Inagaki, M., Y. Fukushima, H. Ishii, and K. Horikoshi. "Behavior of piled bridge abutments on soft clay." In Physical Modelling in Geotechnics, 697–702. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203743362-126.

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Podwórna, Monika, and Jacek Grosel. "Absorbers Impact on the Reliability of Bridge Abutments." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 374–84. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86001-1_44.

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Hettinger, AL, JP Birat, O. Hechler, and M. Braun. "Sustainable bridges – LCA for a composite and a concrete bridge." In Economical Bridge Solutions based on innovative composite dowels and integrated abutments, 45–56. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-06417-4_3.

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Petzek, Edward, Luiza Toma, Elena Meteş, and Radu Băncilă. "Renewal of old existing small road bridges with modular system – CASE STUDY Mânărău BRIDGE." In Economical Bridge Solutions based on innovative composite dowels and integrated abutments, 133–41. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-06417-4_8.

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Elzain, M. I. Y., and M. Dafalla. "Utilizing Secant Pile Walls as Retaining Structures and Bridge Abutments." In New Developments in Soil Characterization and Soil Stability, 72–77. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95756-2_7.

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Jelušič, Primož, and Bojan Žlender. "Numerical Validation of Strains in Geogrids Embedded in Bridge Abutments." In Challenges and Innovations in Geomechanics, 500–506. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-12851-6_59.

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Feldmann, Markus, Daniel Pak, Maik Kopp, and Nicole Schillo. "Field measurements at a composite bridge with composite dowels as shear connectors." In Economical Bridge Solutions based on innovative composite dowels and integrated abutments, 73–91. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-06417-4_5.

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Petzek, Edward, Elena Meteş, Luiza Toma, and Radu Băncilă. "Integral bridge using the VFT-WIB technology for a three-spanned structure." In Economical Bridge Solutions based on innovative composite dowels and integrated abutments, 143–54. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-06417-4_9.

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Popa, Nicoleta. "Demonstration of ECOnomical BRIDGE solutions based on innovative composite dowels and integrated abutments." In Economical Bridge Solutions based on innovative composite dowels and integrated abutments, 11–19. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-06417-4_1.

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Conference papers on the topic "Bridge abutments"

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Askari, Mehdi, Jaber Mamaghanian, Hamid Reza Razeghi, and S. Mustapha Rahmaninezhad. "Geosynthetic reinforced soil bridge abutments under base motion dynamic loading." In International Web Conference in Civil Engineering for a Sustainable Planet. AIJR Publisher, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/proceedings.112.15.

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Geosynthetic reinforced soil (GRS) bridge abutments are of great interest in different highway projects due to their ease of construction, flexibility, cost-saving, aesthetic aspects and good performance comparing to traditional ones. However, their seismic performance is of question due to their complex structure and lack of proper investigations. Therefore, this paper investigates GRS abutment performance under earthquake loading through numerical modelling using FLAC software. The effect of lateral restraint due to the bridge deck existence was analyzed in this study. Comparing the models with and without the bridge deck indicated that the bridge deck simulation affected static and seismic performance of GRS abutment considerably. Accordingly, restriction of the upper part of GRS abutment with bridge deck modelling decreased facing displacement and reinforcement loads considerably under static loading. Furthermore, simulation of bridge deck caused a noticeable reduction in facing displacement after seismic loading, while it had no considerable effects in reinforcement loads. Additionally, it was found that seismic loading imposed a great increase in facing displacement and reinforcement loads compared to static state. Therefore, it is crucial to investigate the dynamic performance of GRS abutments constructed in seismic prone areas.
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Fujikura, Shuichi, Yuji Sakakibara, Minh Hai Nguyen, and Akinori Nakajima. "Seismic Behavior of Curved Bridge in Mountain Area." In IABSE Congress, New York, New York 2019: The Evolving Metropolis. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/newyork.2019.2048.

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<p>The 2016 Kumamoto Earthquake occurred in central Kyushu, Japan, on April 14th with Mw 6.2 followed by the Mw 7.0 mainshock on April 16th. These earthquakes were mainly caused by the Futagawa fault and Hinagu fault where surface ruptures extended about 34 km long. Some of the bridges located in mountain area and close to the fault were damaged due to these near‐field earthquakes. Oginosaka Bridge is one of them and is a horizontally curved bridge with longitudinal and transverse slope, which is a feature of the bridges located in mountain area. The superstructure was rotated on plan and displaced transversely at both abutments to the opposite side, and there was an evidence of the deck‐abutment pounding in longitudinal direction. In order to investigate the seismic behavior of the curved bridge, nonlinear time‐history analyses including a deck‐abutment pounding interaction were carried out. The deck‐abutment pounding interaction considered in the analyses could capture the post‐impact response of the superstructure. The near‐field ground motions were used for the analyses. The analytical results showed that the curved bridge is susceptible to the deck rotation caused by pounding in longitudinal direction at the deck end under earthquake loading.</p>
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Skorpen, Sarah A., Elsabe P. Kearsley, and Edwin J. Kruger. "Measured earth pressures behind an integral bridge abutment." In IABSE Congress, New York, New York 2019: The Evolving Metropolis. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/newyork.2019.1733.

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<p>Integral bridges are preferred by bridge authorities and road agencies because they provide a simpler form of construction, with reduced maintenance costs as a result of the elimination of bridge bearings and joints. This simpler construction brings with it design challenges as both the structure and the adjacent fill are constantly moving. Thermal expansion and contraction of the deck causes the abutments to move, leading to changes in pressure in the earth fill behind the abutment. The soil adjacent to the abutment accommodates the cyclic deck expansion and contraction caused by changes in bridge deck temperature. This results in an increase in the stiffness of the fill due to densification. Even if the fill is placed in a loose condition, it will be densified during the lifetime of the structure. The build‐up of pressure depends on the nature of the fill behind the abutment and on the type of abutment. Stiff clays show a relatively low build‐up of lateral stress however sand stresses can increase beyond at‐rest pressure and approach full passive pressures. Much of the research on this type of soil structure action has been done in the laboratory with limit conclusive field testing.</p><p>In this paper earth pressures measured over a 2 year period on a 90m long fully integral bridge are summarized and discussed in relation to measured changes in effective bridge temperature as well as the abutment movement, thus testing the hypothesis that when more strain (i.e. a longer bridge and/or increase in the change in effective bridge temperature) is imparted to the soil, more granular flow occurs, resulting not only in more rapid stress escalation, but also in higher earth pressures.</p>
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Xue, Junqing, Yibiao Lin, Ruihuan Fu, Bruno Briseghella, Fuyun Huang, and Camillo Nuti. "Pseudo-static Test on Mechanic Behavior of Pile with Pre-Hole filled by Foam in IABs." In IABSE Congress, New York, New York 2019: The Evolving Metropolis. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/newyork.2019.2038.

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<p>Comparing with the conventional jointed bridges, integral abutment bridges (IABs) have not the typical durability problems of expansion joints and bearings and could have better seismic performance due to the high redundancy and integrity. The concrete piles supporting the abutments are often considered as the most vulnerable component in IABs under longitudinal deformation of superstructure caused by temperature variation and seismic load. The pre‐hole method could be adopted to absorb the longitudinal deformation transferred from superstructure to the piles. Therefore, how to improve the energy dissipation of concrete piles to reduce the influence of seismic load is the key issue in IABs. In this paper, a technology based on piles with pre‐holes filled by damping material (called pre‐hole isolation pile) is proposed to improve the seismic response of IABs. The piles supporting the abutments of one real integral abutment bridge were chosen as case study. Pseudo‐static tests of two model piles with the scaled factor of 1/12.5 considering soil‐pile interaction (SPI) were performed. Foam was chosen as damping material. It could be found that compared with conventional piles, the hysteresis curve and the equivalent viscous damping ratio of pre‐hole isolation pile considering SPI was fuller and larger. According to the obtained results, the pre‐hole filled with foam technology could improve the energy dissipation of the concrete piles in integral abutment bridges and their seismic performance.</p>
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Chang, Nien-Yin, Trever Wang, and Man Cheung Yip. "Three-Dimensional Properties of MSE Bridge Abutments." In GeoCongress 2006. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40803(187)242.

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Ballio, Francesco. "Local and Contraction Scour at Bridge Abutments." In Joint Conference on Water Resource Engineering and Water Resources Planning and Management 2000. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40517(2000)403.

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Yanmaz, A. Melih, and Tugsan Celebi. "Evaluation of Scouring Reliability at Bridge Abutments." In World Water and Environmental Resources Congress 2004. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40737(2004)260.

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Fishman, K. L., and R. Richards. "Seismic Analysis and Model Studies of Bridge Abutments." In ASCE National Convention. New York, NY: American Society of Civil Engineers, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784402061.006.

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Metters, Edmund, and Sean Dean. "Breathing Life into an Urban Connection by Reusing Foundations and Derelict Land in Kingston, London." In Footbridge 2022 (Madrid): Creating Experience. Madrid, Spain: Asociación Española de Ingeniería Estructural, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24904/footbridge2022.077.

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<p>Royal Borough of Kingston (RBK) is improving its cycle network. This includes upgrading the cycle / footway between Kingston Train Station and the River Thames together with the replacement of an existing footbridge crossing over a busy highway. In collaboration with the architects, Buro Happold (BH) carried out the design of the whole connection. A replacement cycle bridge was designed that satisfied the project brief. The clear width of the bridge was maximised while working within the very restrictive constraints imposed by the road below and the adjacent Network Rail (NR) bridge.</p><p>The design team added value by reusing the existing abutments and repurposing derelict land for the approaches. To reuse the existing abutments, RBK, and NR, who own the existing abutments, had to be assured that they were suitable to support the replacement bridge. Even though the new bridge was over twice the width of the old, the total load on the foundations was reduced by circa 10%. Reusing the existing abutments has significantly reduced the construction effort, reducing construction costs to meet RBK’s budget and enhancing the sustainability of the project. Additional work was carried out to demonstrate the reuse of the abutments, achieve their approvals and achieve these benefits to the project.</p>
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DAVYDENKO, Oleksandr. "TOPICAL PROBLEMS OF ELEMENTS OF BRIDGE CROSSING ABUTMENTS AND ADJACENT APPROACHES." In Міжнародна конференція «Впровадження інноваційних матеріалів і технологій при проєктуванні, будівництві та експлуатації об’єктів транспортної інфраструктури в рамках програми «Велике будівництво». Національний транспортний університет, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.33744/978-966-632-317-3-2022-2-16-20.

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Bridge crossings with high embankments are designed to meet the requirements of underbridge dimensions, passing the calculated water level and a smooth longitudinal profile of the road. In this case, the engineers prefer the buried abutment in their projects. This bridge abutment and the approach slab must ensure an unobstructed and smooth ride to the bridge. According to the inspection of bridge crossings in Ukraine, several problems with the abutment elements of bridge crossings and adjacent approaches were revealed, significantly affecting road traffic's reliability, durability, and safety. Defects that occur during the operation of bridge crossings and their impact on the technical condition of the structure are investigated. Cause-and-effect relationships of current problems recorded by the inspection results are analyzed.
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Reports on the topic "Bridge abutments"

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Zevgolis, Ioannis, and Philippe Bourdeau. Mechanically Stabilized Earth Wall Abutments for Bridge Support. West Lafayette, IN: Purdue University, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284313451.

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Wu, Yingjie, Selim Gunay, and Khalid Mosalam. Hybrid Simulations for the Seismic Evaluation of Resilient Highway Bridge Systems. Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.55461/ytgv8834.

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Bridges often serve as key links in local and national transportation networks. Bridge closures can result in severe costs, not only in the form of repair or replacement, but also in the form of economic losses related to medium- and long-term interruption of businesses and disruption to surrounding communities. In addition, continuous functionality of bridges is very important after any seismic event for emergency response and recovery purposes. Considering the importance of these structures, the associated structural design philosophy is shifting from collapse prevention to maintaining functionality in the aftermath of moderate to strong earthquakes, referred to as “resiliency” in earthquake engineering research. Moreover, the associated construction philosophy is being modernized with the utilization of accelerated bridge construction (ABC) techniques, which strive to reduce the impact of construction on traffic, society, economy and on-site safety. This report presents two bridge systems that target the aforementioned issues. A study that combined numerical and experimental research was undertaken to characterize the seismic performance of these bridge systems. The first part of the study focuses on the structural system-level response of highway bridges that incorporate a class of innovative connecting devices called the “V-connector,”, which can be used to connect two components in a structural system, e.g., the column and the bridge deck, or the column and its foundation. This device, designed by ACII, Inc., results in an isolation surface at the connection plane via a connector rod placed in a V-shaped tube that is embedded into the concrete. Energy dissipation is provided by friction between a special washer located around the V-shaped tube and a top plate. Because of the period elongation due to the isolation layer and the limited amount of force transferred by the relatively flexible connector rod, bridge columns are protected from experiencing damage, thus leading to improved seismic behavior. The V-connector system also facilitates the ABC by allowing on-site assembly of prefabricated structural parts including those of the V-connector. A single-column, two-span highway bridge located in Northern California was used for the proof-of-concept of the proposed V-connector protective system. The V-connector was designed to result in an elastic bridge response based on nonlinear dynamic analyses of the bridge model with the V-connector. Accordingly, a one-third scale V-connector was fabricated based on a set of selected design parameters. A quasi-static cyclic test was first conducted to characterize the force-displacement relationship of the V-connector, followed by a hybrid simulation (HS) test in the longitudinal direction of the bridge to verify the intended linear elastic response of the bridge system. In the HS test, all bridge components were analytically modeled except for the V-connector, which was simulated as the experimental substructure in a specially designed and constructed test setup. Linear elastic bridge response was confirmed according to the HS results. The response of the bridge with the V-connector was compared against that of the as-built bridge without the V-connector, which experienced significant column damage. These results justified the effectiveness of this innovative device. The second part of the study presents the HS test conducted on a one-third scale two-column bridge bent with self-centering columns (broadly defined as “resilient columns” in this study) to reduce (or ultimately eliminate) any residual drifts. The comparison of the HS test with a previously conducted shaking table test on an identical bridge bent is one of the highlights of this study. The concept of resiliency was incorporated in the design of the bridge bent columns characterized by a well-balanced combination of self-centering, rocking, and energy-dissipating mechanisms. This combination is expected to lead to minimum damage and low levels of residual drifts. The ABC is achieved by utilizing precast columns and end members (cap beam and foundation) through an innovative socket connection. In order to conduct the HS test, a new hybrid simulation system (HSS) was developed, utilizing commonly available software and hardware components in most structural laboratories including: a computational platform using Matlab/Simulink [MathWorks 2015], an interface hardware/software platform dSPACE [2017], and MTS controllers and data acquisition (DAQ) system for the utilized actuators and sensors. Proper operation of the HSS was verified using a trial run without the test specimen before the actual HS test. In the conducted HS test, the two-column bridge bent was simulated as the experimental substructure while modeling the horizontal and vertical inertia masses and corresponding mass proportional damping in the computer. The same ground motions from the shaking table test, consisting of one horizontal component and the vertical component, were applied as input excitations to the equations of motion in the HS. Good matching was obtained between the shaking table and the HS test results, demonstrating the appropriateness of the defined governing equations of motion and the employed damping model, in addition to the reliability of the developed HSS with minimum simulation errors. The small residual drifts and the minimum level of structural damage at large peak drift levels demonstrated the superior seismic response of the innovative design of the bridge bent with self-centering columns. The reliability of the developed HS approach motivated performing a follow-up HS study focusing on the transverse direction of the bridge, where the entire two-span bridge deck and its abutments represented the computational substructure, while the two-column bridge bent was the physical substructure. This investigation was effective in shedding light on the system-level performance of the entire bridge system that incorporated innovative bridge bent design beyond what can be achieved via shaking table tests, which are usually limited by large-scale bridge system testing capacities.
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Frosch, Robert, Michael Kreger, and Aaron Talbott. Earthquake Resistance of Integral Abutment Bridges. West Lafayette, IN: Purdue University, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284313448.

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Frosch, Robert, Antonio Bobet, and Yazen Khasawneh. Reduction of Bridge Construction and Maintenance Costs through Coupled Geotechnical and Structural Design of Integral Abutment Bridges. Purdue University, December 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284315500.

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Frosch, Robert, and Matthew Lovell. Long-Term Behavior of Intregral Abutment Bridges. Purdue University, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284314640.

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LaFave, James, Larry Fahnestock, and Derek Kozak. Seismic Performance of Integral Abutment Highway Bridges in Illinois. Illinois Center for Transportation, August 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/18-014.

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LaFave, James, Larry Fahnestock, Gabriela Brambila, Joseph Riddle, Matthew Jarrett, Jeffrey Svatora, Beth Wright, and Huayu An. Integral Abutment Bridges under Thermal Loading: Field Monitoring and Analysis. Illinois Center for Transportation, August 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/17-022.

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LaFave, James, Larry Fahnestock, Jie Luo, and Derek Kozak. Seismic Performance of Seat-Type Abutment Highway Bridges in Illinois. Illinois Center for Transportation, August 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/18-015.

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Historical and potential scour around bridge piers and abutments of selected stream crossings in Indiana. US Geological Survey, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/wri934066.

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Semi-truck driver dies after striking a bridge abutment. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, October 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.26616/nioshsface08ky025.

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