Relevant bibliographies by topics / Bridge Collapses

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Bridge Collapses'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 22 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Bridge Collapses"

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Ashraf, Fahmidah U., and Madeleine M. Flint. "Analysis of Peak Flow Distribution for Bridge Collapse Sites." Water 12, no. 1 (December 21, 2019): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12010052.

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Bridge collapse risk can be evaluated more rigorously if the hydrologic characteristics of bridge collapse sites are demystified, particularly for peak flows. In this study, forty-two bridge collapse sites were analyzed to find any trend in the peak flows. Flood frequency and other statistical analyses were used to derive peak flow distribution parameters, identify trends linked to flood magnitude and flood behavior (how extreme), quantify the return periods of peak flows, and compare different approaches of flood frequency in deriving the return periods. The results indicate that most of the bridge collapse sites exhibit heavy tail distribution and flood magnitudes that are well consistent when regressed over the drainage area. A comparison of different flood frequency analyses reveals that there is no single approach that is best generally for the dataset studied. These results indicate a commonality in flood behavior (outliers are expected, not random; heavy-tail property) for the collapse dataset studied and provides some basis for extending the findings obtained for the 42 collapsed bridges to other sites to assess the risk of future collapses.
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Xie, Kai Zhong, Guang Qiang Chen, and Li Lin Wei. "A Damage Model for Collapse-Mechanism of Long-Span and High-Pier Continuous Rigid Frame Bridges." Advanced Materials Research 219-220 (March 2011): 1431–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.219-220.1431.

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Collapse-mechanism analysis can simulate that bridges enter strong elasto-plastic and large displacement response and collapses phase, so that it is very important for the seismic design of bridges. In this paper, a damage model of reinforced concrete is introduced, and dynamic response and collapse of long span and high-pier continuous rigid frame bridge during strong earthquake is studied with damage model of reinforced concrete by the explicit dynamic analysis code (LS-DYNA). The simulation results indicate the development of the concrete elements from cracking to failure and the bridge from part collapse to the whole collapse of the bridge are studied. The damage and collapse mechanisms during strong earthquake are given of Long Span and High-pier Continuous Rigid Frame Bridges. References are provided for seismic analysis of this kind of bridges.
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GRIFFIN, DAVID D., THOMAS D. CONLEY, and J. DAVID TALLEY. "The Bridge Collapses!" Journal of Interventional Cardiology 10, no. 3 (June 1997): 241–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-8183.1997.tb00037.x.

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Zheng, Xiaobo, Gang Zhang, Yongfei Zhang, and Leping Ren. "Alternative Load Path Analysis for Determining the Geometric Agreement of a Cable-Stayed Bridge with Steel Truss Girders." Advances in Civil Engineering 2021 (November 16, 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/2158582.

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The geometric agreement, commonly hailed as load-transferring paths within bridge structures, is significantly crucial to the bridge structural mechanical performance, such as capacity, deformation, and collapse behavior. This paper presents a methodology dependent on alternative load paths to investigate the collapse behavior of a double-pylon cable-stayed bridge with steel truss girders subjected to excess vehicle loading. The cable-stayed bridge with steel truss girders is simplified using a series-parallel load-bearing system. This research manifests that the enforced vehicle loading can be transferred to alternative paths of cable-stayed bridges in different load-structure scenarios. A 3-D finite element model is established utilizing computer software ANSYS to explore the collapse path of cable-stayed bridge with steel truss girders, taking into account chord failure, loss of cables together with corrosion in steel truss girders. The results show that chord failures in the mid-portion of the mainspan result in brittle damage in truss girders or even sudden bridge collapse. Further,the loss of long cables leads to ductile damage with significant displacement.The corrosion in steel truss girders has a highly slight influence on the collapse behavior of cable-stayed bridge. The proposed methodology can be reliably used to assess and determine the vulnerability of cable-stayed bridge with steel truss girders during their service lifetime, thus preventing structural collapses in this type of bridge.
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Luo, Wei Bing, Feng Yan Zhou, Heng Long Lv, and Yi Gang Yang. "Analyzing the Influence of Rigid Foundation on Seismic Response of Cable-Stayed Bridge Pylon." Advanced Materials Research 630 (December 2012): 402–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.630.402.

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Bridges collapses triggered by the earthquake often happen in recent years, and bridge damage caused by the earthquake also results in the great effect due to the secondary disasters. In this paper, we use finite element analysis software ABAQUS to establish the bridge pylon model with rigid-framed pylon bottom to calculate the structural response of two seismic waves (modal analysis, displacement time history, acceleration time history and stress time history of the bridge pylon bottom), comparing the response characteristics of two pylon structures under seismic effect.
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Flores-Vidriales, David, Roberto Gómez, and Dante Tolentino. "Stochastic Assessment of Scour Hazard." Water 14, no. 3 (January 18, 2022): 273. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14030273.

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Scour is the most frequent cause of bridge collapses in Mexico. Bridges located along the Mexican Pacific coast are exposed to extreme rainfall originating from tropical storms and hurricanes. Such environmental phenomena trigger sediment loss, which is known as scour. If maintenance actions are not taken after scouring events, the scour depth increases over time until the bridge collapses. A methodology to estimate the scour hazard considering both the scour–fill interaction and the Monte Carlo simulation method is proposed. The general extreme value probability distribution is used to characterize the intensity of the scouring events, the lognormal distribution is used to characterize the sedimentation process (fill), and a homogeneous Poisson process is used to forecast the occurrence of both types of events. Based on the above, several histories of scour–fill depths are made; such simulations are then used to develop time-dependent scour hazard curves. Different hazard curves associated with different time intervals are estimated for a bridge located in Oaxaca, Mexico.
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Chen, Hongran, Mengyang Zhai, and Lei Xue. "Energy Characteristics of Acoustic Emission at the Volume-Expansion Point of a Rock Bridge: A New Insight into the Evolutionary Mechanism of Coastal Cliff Collapse." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, no. 12 (November 28, 2021): 1338. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9121338.

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The recession of a coast can destabilize coastal cliffs. The stability of a cliff is controlled by a rock bridge. Identifying the volume-expansion point of rock bridges is crucial to assess cliff stability, but currently there are few identifying methods. Using a numerical analytical tool, we investigate the acoustic emission characteristics during shear tests on rock bridges. Acoustic emission events with a high energy level, i.e., characteristic events which occur at the volume-expansion point of rock bridges, can indicate this point. The characteristic events, the mainshock (the maximum event corresponding to rock-bridge rupture), and the smaller events between them constitute a special activity pattern, as the micro-seismicity during the evolutionary process of a coastal cliff collapse in Mesnil-Val, NW France showed. This pattern arises in rock bridges with different mechanical properties and geometry, or under different loading conditions. Although the energy level of characteristic events and mainshocks changes with the variation of the conditions, the difference of their energy level is approximately constant. The spatial distribution of characteristic events and mainshocks can indicate the location of rock bridges. These findings help to better understand the evolutionary mechanism of collapses and provide guidelines for monitoring the stability of coastal cliffs.
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Liu, Wen, Yoshihisa Maruyama, and Fumio Yamazaki. "Detection of Collapsed Bridges from Multi-Temporal SAR Intensity Images by Machine Learning Techniques." Remote Sensing 13, no. 17 (September 3, 2021): 3508. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13173508.

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Bridges are an important part of road networks in an emergency period, as well as in ordinary times. Bridge collapses have occurred as a result of many recent disasters. Synthetic aperture radar (SAR), which can acquire images under any weather or sunlight conditions, has been shown to be effective in assessing the damage situation of structures in the emergency response phase. We investigate the backscattering characteristics of washed-away or collapsed bridges from the multi-temporal high-resolution SAR intensity imagery introduced in our previous studies. In this study, we address the challenge of building a model to identify collapsed bridges using five change features obtained from multi-temporal SAR intensity images. Forty-four bridges affected by the 2011 Tohoku-oki earthquake, in Japan, and forty-four bridges affected by the 2020 July floods, also in Japan, including a total of 21 collapsed bridges, were divided into training, test, and validation sets. Twelve models were trained, using different numbers of features as input in random forest and logistic regression methods. Comparing the accuracies of the validation sets, the random forest model trained with the two mixed events using all the features showed the highest capability to extract collapsed bridges. After improvement by introducing an oversampling technique, the F-score for collapsed bridges was 0.87 and the kappa coefficient was 0.82, showing highly accurate agreement.
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Holemba, Gibson Ali, and Takashi Matsumoto. "Flood-induced Bridge Failures in Papua New Guinea." MATEC Web of Conferences 258 (2019): 03014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201925803014.

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Papua New Guinea has been experiencing frequent bridge failures and collapses due to flooding rivers in the recent past. According to the records from Papua New Guinea Department of Works, it is estimated that over Two Hundred and Eighty (285) bridges, fords (causeways) and major culverts were damaged by flood action alone in the last five years between 2013-2017. That is approximately at an average rate of 57 bridges in a year. This result is very disturbing and as such this study was undertaken to assess and analyze the flood-induced bridge failure causes and offer applicable solutions. This study will report on the field investigation works and results derived from the twenty-one flood affected bridges in six different major road networks in three provinces of Papua New Guinea. Hence, it was observed in this study that substructure damages due to flooding account for seventy percent (70%) of the bridge damages while superstructure damages account for the thirty percent (30%). The common causes of flood-induced bridge failures were identified as local scour around bridge piers and abutments, contraction scours, sedimentation, debris, and log impact.
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Tamai, Hiroki, Chi Lu, and Yoichi Yuki. "New Design Concept for Bridge Restrainers with Rubber Cushion Considering Dynamic Action: A Preliminary Study." Applied Sciences 10, no. 19 (September 29, 2020): 6847. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10196847.

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A bridge unseating prevention system is a safety system for bridge collapses caused by large earthquakes, beyond the assumption of aseismic design specifications. Presently, the system is generally adopted for newly constructed bridges and the seismic retrofitting of existing bridges. Cable type bridge restrainers are included in the system, and they are expected to prevent superstructures from exceeding the seat length of substructures. Although the bridge restrainer works during an earthquake, it is designed to be static in the current design. In addition, although the constituent elements of bridge restrainers include a rubber cushion to absorb energy during an earthquake, the effect is not included in the design. Thus, the current design lacks the dynamic effects of earthquakes and the cushioning effect of the rubber. Furthermore, in the case of a multi-span bridge, there is no particular decision as to where the restrainers should be placed or what kind of specifications they should have. Therefore, in this paper, a new design concept that considers the dynamic action of the earthquake and the cushioning effect of the rubber is proposed by coupling dynamic response analysis using a frame finite element (FE) model and a simple genetic algorithm (SGA).
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Bridge Collapses"

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Robles, Lora Miguel Amaurys. "Study of the I-35W Highway Bridge Collapse Mechanism." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/23183.

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The Deck truss portion of the I-35W Highway Bridge in Minneapolis, Minnesota collapsed on August 1, 2007 while roadwork was underway on the bridge. The entire truss was recovered from the river to study the causes of failure. The National Transportation Safety Board attributes the collapse to inadequate load carrying capacity of the steel gusset plates connecting the main truss members at four specific nodes. Permanent deformations of the members in proximity to these nodes were documented and a surveillance video camera recorded the collapse event in a major section of the structure.
The inelastic behavior of the deck truss during the collapse event is studied in this research by performing nonlinear structural analysis on a simplified two-dimensional model. Nonlinear behavior is discretized at specific locations starting with buckling of the critical gusset plates and continuing with yielding in members where the internal forces increased at a higher rate during the post-buckling behavior.
The analysis results show the sequence of failure events that lead to the formation of a collapse mechanism in the center span of the deck truss, which is the first to fall into the river. Comparison between the available evidence and the analysis results validate the conclusions drawn in this research.
Master of Science
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Kgoboko, Kobamelo. "Collapse behaviour of non-ductile partially prestressed concrete bridge girders." Title page, contents and summary only, 1987. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09EN/09enk445.pdf.

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Tang, Edmond Kai Cheong. "Numerical simulation of a long span bridge response to blast loading." University of Western Australia. School of Civil and Resource Engineering, 2009. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2010.0070.

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[Truncated abstract] As a consequence of the increase in terrorist incidents, many comprehensive researches, both experimental and numerical modelling of structure and blast interaction, have been conducted to examine the behaviour of civilian structures under dynamic explosion and its impact. Nevertheless most of the works in literature are limited to response of simple structures such as masonry walls, reinforced concrete beams, columns and slabs. Although these studies can provide researchers and structural engineers a good fundamental knowledge regarding blast load effect, it is more likely for blast load to act upon entire structures in actual explosion events. The interaction between blast load and structures, as well as the interaction among structural members may well affect the structural response and damage. Therefore it is necessary to analyse more realistic reinforced concrete structures in order to gain an extensive knowledge on the possible structural response under blast load effect. Among all the civilian structures, bridges are considered to be the most vulnerable to terrorist threat and hence detailed investigation in the dynamic response of these structures is essential. This thesis focuses on the study of the response of a modern cable-stayed bridge under blast loadings. ... Firstly, analysis is conducted to examine the failure of four main components namely pier, tower, concrete back span and steel composite main span under close proximity dynamic impact of a 1000 kg TNT equivalent blast load. Secondly, based on such results, the remainder of the bridge structure is then tested by utilizing the loading condition specified in the US Department of Defence (DoD) guideline with the aim to investigate the possibility of bridge collapse after the damage of these components. It is found that failure of the vertical load bearing elements (i.e. pier and tower) will lead to catastrophic collapse of the bridge. Assuming that terrorist threat cannot be avoided, hence protective measures must be implemented into the bridge structure to reduce the damage induced by explosive blast impact and to prevent bridge from collapse. As such, a safe standoff distance is determined for both the pier and tower under the blast impact of 10000 kg TNT equivalent. This information would allow the bridge designer to identify the critical location for placing blast barriers for protection purpose. For the case of bridge deck explosion, carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) is employed to examine in respect of its effectiveness in strengthening the concrete structure against blast load. In this research, appropriate contact is employed for the numerical model to account for the epoxy resin layer between the CFRP and concrete. In addition, to ensure that the CFRP can perform to its full capacity, anchors are also considered in the numerical study to minimize the chance of debonding due to the weakening of the epoxy. The results reveal that although severe damage can still be seen for locations in close proximity to the explosive charge, the use of CFRP did reduce the dynamic response of the bridge deck as compared to the unprotected case scenario. Further investigation is also carried out to examine the change in damaged zone and global response through variation in CFRP thickness.
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Wong, Samuel Sun-Wing. "Collapse behaviour of micro-concrete box girders bridges." Thesis, City University London, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.264246.

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Shoghijavan, Mohammad [Verfasser]. "Progressive Collapse in Long-Span Cable-Supported Bridges / Mohammad Shoghijavan." Berlin : epubli, 2020. http://d-nb.info/121979502X/34.

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Taricska, Michael. "An Analysis of Recent Bridge Failures (2000-2012)." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1397600086.

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Rana, Suman. "RISK-TARGETED GROUND MOTION FOR PERFORMANCE- BASED BRIDGE DESIGN." OpenSIUC, 2017. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/2137.

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The seismic design maps on ASCE 7-05, International Building Code- 2006/2009, assumed uniform hazard ground motion with 2% probability of exceedance in 50 years for the entire conterminous U.S. But, Luco et al in 2007 pointed out that as uncertainties in collapse capacity exists in structures, an adjustment on uniform hazard ground motion was proposed to develop new seismic design maps. Thus, risk-targeted ground motion with 1% probability collapse in 50 years is adopted on ASCE 7-10. Even though these seismic design maps are developed for buildings, performance-based bridge design is done using same maps. Because significance difference lies on design procedure of buildings and bridges this thesis suggests some adjustment should be made on uncertainty in the collapse capacity(β) when using for bridge design. This research is done in 3 cities of U.S— San Francisco, New Madrid and New York. Hazard curve is drawn using 2008 version of USGS hazard maps and risk- targeted ground motion is calculated using equation given by Luco et al adjusting the uncertainty in collapse capacity(β) to be 0.9 for bridge design instead of 0.8 as used for buildings. The result is compared with existing result from ASCE 7-10, which uses β=0.6. The sample design response spectrum for site classes A, B, C and D is computed for all 3 cities using equations given in ASCE 7-10 for all β. The design response spectrum curves are analyzed to concluded that adjustment on uncertainty in collapse capacity should be done on ASCE 7-10 seismic design maps to be used for performance-based bridge design.
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Burton, Alia Christine. "Lessons learned in the design and erection of box girder bridges from the West Gate collapse." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/38943.

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Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2007.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 73-74).
The West Gate Bridge, intended to span the Yarra River in Australia, collapsed during its third year of construction in 1970. Investigation into the project revealed numerous issues in the bridge's design and construction. The West Gate Bridge is one of a number of box girder bridges built during the mid 20th century, and was one of four to fail in a three year period. An overview of the design and erection issues is presented, particularly those dealing with thin elements in compression. A comparison of moments and stresses resulting from the use of concrete blocks and jacks to reduce the camber difference encountered on span 10-11 shows that the latter method would have been preferable. The failure of three other box girder bridges between 1969 and 1971, and the required strengthening of dozens of others, reveal the lack of understanding of the slender compressive elements present in such structures. A brief literature review presents the buckling and deformation modes found in stiffened plates under compressive loading, showing the development of understanding of these systems from papers written or published in 1997, 2001, 2004 and 2006 - over three decades after the West Gate collapse.
(cont.) Criteria by AASHTO and by B. H. Choi and C. H. Yoo for the minimum moment of inertia of longitudinal and transverse stiffeners of box girders are presented. The resulting values are compared to the moment of inertia of sections used to strengthen the West Gate Bridge after the collapse of a similar bridge. This comparison shows that the requirements are quite sensitive to scale and can provide inconsistent requirements for stiffness. Thus, there is currently a lack of guidance and regulation from codes for the design of wider single-cell box girders. The complex and non-linear nature of the slender elements in compression used in box girders does not allow the extrapolation of simpler rules developed for the design of smaller bridges. Despite the complex behavior of box girders, they offer a number of advantages and further research is needed to improve their analysis, design, construction, repair and maintenance.
by Alia Christine Burton.
M.Eng.
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Homaioon, Ebrahimi Amir. "The investigation of the effect of plan irregularities on the progressive collapse response of low to medium rise steel structures." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2018. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/8094/.

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This research examines the effect of plan irregularities on the progressive collapse of steel structures. Firstly, 2, 3 and 5-storey steel structures, regular and irregular, located in regions with different seismic activity designed in accordance with AISC (20 I 0) and ASCE7 (20 I 0). Secondly, the effect of the four plan irregularities on the progressive collapse of braced and unbraced steel structures located in regions with different seismic activity assessed. The collapse patterns of the I4 buildings is analysed and compared under seven loading scenarios using nonlinear dynamic and static analyses. In the nonlinear dynamic analyses, node displacements above the removed columns and the additional force on the columns adjacent to them are discussed. Furthermore, the capacity of the columns is compared to determine their susceptibility to collapse. ln the nonlinear static analyses, the pushdown curve and yield load factor of the structures are obtained after column removal. The results indicate that an irregular structure designed in site class C seismic zone collapses in most of the column removal scenarios. Moreover, when comparing regular and irregular structures designed in site class E seismic zone, the demand force to capacity ratio (D/C) of the columns in the irregular structures is on average between I.5 and 2 times that of the regular ones has been discussed by Homaioon Ebrahimi et.al (20 I7). The lack of 2-storey building bearing capacity to withstand the removal of the column is lower than that of the 5-storey structure, which is due to the level of redundancy that characterises in the 5-storey structure.
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Ferrari, Rosalba (ORCID:0000-0002-3989-713X). "An elastoplastic finite element formulation for the structural analysis of Truss frames with application to ha historical iron arch bridge." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Bergamo, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10446/28959.

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This doctoral thesis presents a structural analysis of the Paderno d’Adda Bridge, an impressive iron arch viaduct built in 1889 and located in Lombardia region (Italy). The thesis falls in the context of a research activity started at University of Bergamo since 2005, that is still ongoing and aims to perform an evaluation of the present state of conservation of the bridge. In fact, the bridge is currently still in service and its important position in the context of transport network will soon lead to questions about its future destination, with particular attention to the evaluation of the residual performance capacity. To this end, an inelastic structural analysis of the Paderno d’Adda bridge has been performed, up to failure. This analysis has been conducted through an autonomous computer code of a 3D frame structure that runs in the MATLAB environment and has been developed within the classical frame of Limit Analysis and Theory of Plasticity. The algorithm has been developed applying the “exact” and stepwise holonomic step-by-step analysis method. It has shown very much able to track the limit structural behaviour of the bridge, by reaching convergence with smooth runs up to the true limit load and corresponding collapse displacements. The main characteristic ingredients of its elastoplastic FEM formulation are: beam finite elements; perfectly plastic joints (as an extension of classical plastic hinges); piece-wise linear yield domains; “exact” time integration. In the algorithm, the following original features have been implemented: treatment of mutual connections by static condensation and Gaussian elimination; determination of the tangent stiffness formulation through Gaussian elimination. These peculiar contributions are presented in detail in this thesis.
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Books on the topic "Bridge Collapses"

1

Examining bridge collapses. Minneapolis, MN: Clara House Books, 2015.

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Investigation, New York (State) Temporary Commission of. The collapse of the Schoharie Creek Bridge: New York State's inadequate bridge inspection program. New York, N.Y: The Commission, 1987.

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Georgakis, Christos T., Yozo Fuino, Siegfried Hopf, Klaus H. Ostenfeld, and S. Eilif Svensson. Investigation of the Chirajara Bridge Collapse. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/cs003.

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<p>On January 15, 2018 at 11:49, the west pylon of the cable-stayed Chirajara Bridge collapsed during construction of the bridge girder. The collapse led to the total destruction of the pylon, together with the erected span of the bridge girder. Authorities reported nine fatalities resulting from the collapse.</p> <p>In this case study, the findings of the detailed investigation into the failure mechanism of the bridge are reported. In addition, selected drawings used for construction, geotechnical aspects, and deficiencies in the bridge design are presented, together with observations made during site visits and interviews with relevant parties.</p>
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India. Justice R.J. Kochar Commission of Inquiry. Justice R.J. Kochar Commission of Inquiry: Collapse Damanganga River bridge on 28th August, 2003, report. Daman: Commission of Inquiry into the Collapse of Damanganga River Bridge at Daman, 2006.

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United States. National Transportation Safety Board. Collapse of the S.R. 675 bridge spans over the Pocomoke River near Pocomoke City, Maryland, August 17, 1988. Washington, D.C: The Board, 1990.

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United States. National Transportation Safety Board. Collapse of the S.R. 675 bridge spans over the Pocomoke River near Pocomoke City, Maryland, August 17, 1988. Washington, D.C: The Board, 1990.

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United States. National Transportation Safety Board. Collapse of the S.R. 675 bridge spans over the Pocomoke River near Pocomoke City, Maryland, August 17, 1988. Washington, D.C: The Board, 1990.

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Bridging the gap: Restoring and rebuilding the nation's bridges. Washington, DC: American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, 2008.

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United States. National Transportation Safety Board. Collapse of New York Thruway (I-90) Bridge over the Schoharie Creek, near Amsterdam, New York, April 5, 1987. Washington, D.C: The Board, 1988.

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New York (State). Legislature. Senate. Committee on Transportation. In the matter of a joint meeting of the Senate and Assembly Standing Committees on Transportation on the collapse of the New York State Thruway bridge over the Schoharie Creek in Montgomery County, New York. Albany, N.Y: P.E. Williman, certified shorthand reporter, 1987.

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Book chapters on the topic "Bridge Collapses"

1

Proske, Dirk. "Bridges." In The Collapse Frequency of Structures, 31–50. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-97247-9_3.

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Gregson, Sarah, and Elizabeth Humphrys. "The West Gate Bridge Collapse." In The Regulation and Management of Workplace Health and Safety, 32–51. New York, NY : Routledge, 2021. | Series: Routledge studies in employment and work relations in context: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429265679-3.

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Proske, Dirk. "Collapse Frequencies of Bridges." In Risk Engineering, 67–119. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73833-8_6.

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Veggeberg, Kurt. "Data Acquisition for a Bridge Collapse Test." In Structural Dynamics, Volume 3, 1313–24. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-9834-7_116.

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Seibel, Wolfgang. "Intended Ignorance: The Collapse of the I-35 W Mississippi River Bridge on 1 August 2007." In Collapsing Structures and Public Mismanagement, 55–86. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67818-0_3.

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AbstractAt 6:05 PM on 1 August 2007, the I-35 W Highway Bridge crossing the Mississippi River in Minneapolis, Minnesota, collapsed due to the failure of crucial parts of the bridge’s steel truss structure. Thirteen people died in the disaster, 145 were injured. A report of United States National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) revealed that the Minnesota Department of Transport, over a long period of time, had ignored available information about the structurally deficient status of the bridge in anticipation of ‘budget busting’ repair costs. Which resulted in a preference for less expensive patch-up measures to improve the drivability of the bridge rather than a retrofit of the fracture-critical components of the steel truss whose failure triggered the disaster of 1 August 2007.
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Leccis, Francesca. "Public-Private Partnership: Lessons from Italy’s Morandi Bridge Collapse." In Competitive Government: Public Private Partnerships, 139–56. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-04628-5_8.

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Calvi, G. M., M. Moratti, N. Scattarreggia, V. Özsaraç, P. M. Calvi, and R. Pinho. "Numerical Investigations on the Collapse of the Morandi Bridge." In Springer Tracts on Transportation and Traffic, 3–18. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59169-4_1.

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Seibel, Wolfgang. "Evaporated Responsibility: The Collapse of the West Gate Bridge in Melbourne on 15 October 1970." In Collapsing Structures and Public Mismanagement, 13–53. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67818-0_2.

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AbstractOn 15 October 1970, at 11:50AM, part of the West Gate Bridge in Melbourne, span 10-11 of 367 feet length, disintegrated and triggered the collapse of the bridge. Thirty-five men were killed in the disaster. The bridge was still under construction, all those killed were workers or engineers employed on the construction site. The investigation of a Royal Commission revealed a mismatch between an ambitious structural design of the bridge plus an unconventional method of erection and a fragmented, conflict-ridden construction management whose detrimental effects remained unchecked by public authorities. Regulatory powers and enforcement competence had been delegated to a QUANGO—a quasi-non-governmental organization—which diluted responsibility structures and decisively weakened the coordination and control capacity of the agency.
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Hein, Phyoe Wae, Thinzar Khaing, Khin Maung Zaw, and Kunitomo Sugiura. "Failure Analysis of High Strength Cables from Collapsed Myaungmya Suspension Bridge." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 137–45. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-4293-8_16.

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Caner, Alp, Nurdan Apaydın, Melike Cınar, Erol Peker, and Mehmet Kılıc. "Reconstruction of Partially Collapsed Post-tensioned Beğendik Bridge During Balanced Cantilever Construction." In Springer Tracts on Transportation and Traffic, 203–12. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59169-4_17.

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Conference papers on the topic "Bridge Collapses"

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Pu, Jun-Ping, Yao-Min Fang, Hung-Ren Chen, and Jian-Fa Huang. "Detection and Identification of Bridges Considering Soil Effect." In ASME/JSME 2004 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2004-2944.

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Unexpected collapses and near collapse of bridges during the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake underline the need for effective structural monitoring. Periodic structural condition monitoring of bridge structures is necessary to ensure that they provide a continued and safe service. A systematic study of typical bridges is needed, focusing on identifying elastic analytical models that will incorporate the existing state of bridge. To establish dynamic monitoring as a routine bridge inspection method, the soil-structure model of these two bridges are established and compared theoretically and experimentally.
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Syrkov, Anton, and Niels Peter Høj. "Bridge failures analysis as a risk mitigating tool." In IABSE Symposium, Guimarães 2019: Towards a Resilient Built Environment Risk and Asset Management. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/guimaraes.2019.0304.

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<p>The research background as a database of bridge failures was created by author at the place of main work in 2006 - 2015 for improving design. Since 2015, an initiative to collect and analyse data on failures and collapses of bridges was continued by Working Commission 1 of IABSE, since 2017 - by the Target Group 1.5. For further study, the information concerning highway and pedestrian bridges collapsed over last 52 years was selected. The consequences for human life and health were defined at the rate of fatalities and injured persons. Also the types of crucial human errors or other force majeure, hazards and causes were analysed. The tendency of failures number increasing correlating with operating life cycle period was revealed. The ways of future TG1.5 research activity development are outlined aiming to the relevant risks mitigation. Some proposals for the risk management measures are presented.</p>
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Samec, Vanja, Mário Coelho, Sachidanand Joshi, Guido Morgenthal, and Chang-Su Shim. "Bridge Management Systems – A Crucial Link to BIM." In IABSE Congress, Nanjing 2022: Bridges and Structures: Connection, Integration and Harmonisation. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/nanjing.2022.1700.

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<p>Fatal bridge collapses and accidents, climate change effects and critical maintenance condition of many bridges recently increased the interest among bridge owners worldwide to transition from preventive to more proactive bridge maintenance and support by digitalization. Analyzing maintenance information systematically contributes to successful maintenance management. Inspections and maintenance require organized, automated, open, and transparent digital processes. Worldwide Bridge Management Systems evolve, associated with the technological evolution, but are in urgent need for a digital upgrade, especially considering BIM technology. Existing BIM models must be enriched by assets obtained from inspection and maintenance processes. An Open BIM platform should be the goal and to this end IABSE Task Group 5.6 "BIM for Existing Structures" has defined its aim as helping to stimulate debate on this topic and give recommendations on how to address the issues raised.</p>
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Puppio, Mario Lucio, Fausto Mistretta, Mauro Coni, and Mauro Sassu. "Non-destructive and effective bridge monitoring through fast-falling weight deflectometer." In IABSE Congress, Ghent 2021: Structural Engineering for Future Societal Needs. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/ghent.2021.0995.

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<p>Recent collapses due to hydrogeological soil instability caused by extreme climate events recall the attention on a large-scale monitoring of the road infrastructures, particularly bridges and viaducts. Several studies focus the attention on both hydraulic and structural issues. In-depth systematic investigations do not suit this purpose because of time and cost investments usually carried out from local authorities. Increasing needs of available fast, low cost and reliable methods to investigate the performance of the road and bridges pushed towards new applications. The use of Fast-Falling Weight Deflectometer, conceived for airport pavements, is here applied as a non-destructive test to evaluate the stiffness of the deck and embankment of a bridge. The- Fast Falling Weight Deflectometer can produce a broadband, constant and replicable dynamic force, providing data in real time. An experimental campaign is here described on a case study of single span bridge.</p>
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Vasilyev, Aleksander. "Check bridges on vitality." In IABSE Workshop, Helsinki 2017: Ignorance, Uncertainty, and Human Errors in Structural Engineering. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/helsinki.2017.142.

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Taking place in different countries the collapses of buildings due to natural and man-made impacts or terrorist attacks have put the issue of survivability of buildings, that is, vitality – the safety of their total integrity in case of failure of individual bearing elements. The present report discusses the possible cases of failure of the individual bearing elements in the bridge constructions for various constructive systems and the considerations on the calculated checking on vitality.
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Pucci, Alessandro, Hélder S. Sousa, and José C. Matos. "Predicting the change of hydraulic loads on bridges: a case study in Italy with a 100-year database." In IABSE Congress, New York, New York 2019: The Evolving Metropolis. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/newyork.2019.0442.

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<p>Planet Earth is naturally subject to climatic variability, but over the recent decades extreme deviations have been observed. Climate change, as a manmade-induced process, is mainly due to the increase of greenhouse gasses emission. Global warming consequences drive also to an intensification of hydrological cycles, leading to more frequent and severe precipitations. In parallel, several bridges have collapsed in the last years due to extreme rainfalls. Although the impacts of climate change on built environment do not always present a direct cause-effect relation, analysis on specific parameters (as rain volume) that are inputs in bridge design, can clarify some aspects of this interaction. In this paper, the peak discharge variation of different rivers located in the northwest of Italy, within the last 100 years, is analyzed. A cluster analysis was performed to understand if the hydraulic design loads should be considered with a different intensity if the bridge had been built with reference to an up-to-date database, or if in the last decades, when the majority of these structures were built. The rainfall data was analyzed through classical techniques, such as the frequency-based statistical method, but without the stationary time hypothesis. In this case, the extreme value theory was used for the estimation of intensity-duration curve parameters. By introducing a second-order analysis, where random variables can change over time, an increase-trend of rainfall height was found, and the peak discharge was determined accordingly. The relevant parameters on the case-study area were preliminarily obtained through geographic information systems. The results evidenced that nowadays-floods parameters are significantly different from those of the past, and this behavior is escalated when high return period values are assumed. Furthermore, although hydraulic design loads are increasing, many existing bridges are not properly maintained, leading to an increased number of collapses.</p>
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Pucci, Alessandro, Hélder S. Sousa, Mario Lucio Puppio, Linda Giresini, José C. Matos, and Mauro Sassu. "Method for sustainable large-scale bridges survey." In IABSE Symposium, Guimarães 2019: Towards a Resilient Built Environment Risk and Asset Management. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/guimaraes.2019.1034.

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<p>In the last years, extreme rainfalls have caused many collapses of bridges. In Italy several of those were short span’s ones that failed during or after extreme events of this nature. This work presents a method for inspection survey and its results regarding a campaign on 71 bridges, located in Tuscany (Massa Carrara, Italy). This area was affected by a big flood that took place in 2014 and also two earlier ones in 2012 with only 15 days apart one from the other, leading to a huge disrupting situation for the population’s daily life and consequent economical loss. Concerning this issue, the local stakeholders showed an increasing interest for sustainable methods for monitoring the built environment, thus the results of this research have been made available for integration on the Civil Protection Emergency Plan (CLE) and can be used in a decision-making prioritization list of actions. The framework uses a Gis- based approach combined with a quick survey technique. This method balances costs of surveying with the accuracy needed in inspections, bypassing the classical procedure which requires several onsite surveys. This procedure uses only three transversal river sections for each bridge. The method also comprises a tailored survey inspection form and a user-friendly worksheet was designed to build the database, applicable for further studies. Results showed the absence of maintenance on existing structures and riverbeds, often resulting in a partially or fully bridge section obstruction, and material’s decay. The framework created in this work allowed to assess the conditions of several bridges in the studied region, to further analyse the resilience of the infrastructure system and proceed with adequate interventions.</p>
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Song, Xi, Joshua Dyogi, and Chunhee Cho. "Vibration-Based Bridge Damage Detection Using Image-Based Pre-Trained Deep Learning Network." In ASME 2022 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2022-88421.

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Abstract Vibration-based damage detection has become one of the principal practices to prevent structural collapses in civil, mechanical, and other engineering disciplines. Meanwhile, with the advancement of computing technology, various machine learning (ML) approaches have been applied toward structural damage detection through the application of post-processing algorithms. To accurately predict damages with ML, large amounts of structural response data are collected from a series of sensors attached to the structure. Therefore, the damage diagnosis requires high computational efforts. To address such an issue, this paper presents a revolutionary approach utilizing an image-based pre-trained convolutional neural network (CNN) to detect bridge damage locations and severities. Our research adopted scalograms from wavelet transform to convert structure acceleration data into image data. Compared with the traditional frequency analysis derived from the Fourier transform, the new method maintains both spatial and temporal information from the original structural behaviors. To generate CNN learning features, six channels of acceleration data are gathered from six strategically selected points of a finite element (FE) bridge model. Two pre-trained CNN, AlexNet and Resnet, are selected to conduct transfer machine learning for higher training efficiency. The performances of the proposed method are assessed with various damage scenarios. The prediction accuracies of AlexNet and Resnet are 98% and 100%, respectively.
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Fukushima, Takahiro, Hitoshi Yatsumoto, Kyoko Azumi, and Koichi Sugioka. "A study on the damage development process of steel rigid frame bridge piers with rocking columns." In IABSE Congress, Christchurch 2021: Resilient technologies for sustainable infrastructure. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/christchurch.2021.1175.

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<p>In the Hanshin Expressway, seismic retrofitting measures have been carried out since before, and the measures have also been carried out without exception on bridges with rocking piers. However, some bridge of rocking piers were collapsed in 2016 Kumamoto earthquake. Kumamoto earthquake revealed the instability and fragility of rocking piers. In this study, the damage development process of steel rigid frame piers with rocking columns was evaluated by pushover analysis. As a result of the study, it was verified that in the examination target bridge pier, the rocking column was not damaged ahead of other components. From these results, the target bridge pier has sufficient seismic performance and it has extreme low probability to occur severe damage that leads to collapse.</p>
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Bento, Ana Margarida, Andreia Gomes, Teresa Viseu, Lúcia Couto, and João Pedro Pêgo. "Assessment of Scour Risk in Hydraulic Infrastructures. A Bridge Case Study." In IABSE Symposium, Prague 2022: Challenges for Existing and Oncoming Structures. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/prague.2022.1366.

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<p>The scouring phenomenon can pose a serious threaten to bridge serviceability and users' safety, as well. In extreme circumstances, it can lead to the bridge's structural collapse. Despite efforts to reduce the scour's unfavorable effects in the vicinity of bridge foundations, this issue remains a significant challenge. Many uncertainties affect the design process of bridge foundations, namely the associated hydrological and hydraulic parameters. Past and recent flood records strengthen bridges' vulnerability by reducing scouring estimation uncertainties. Therefore, the present study applies a semi-quantitative methodology of scour risk assessmentto a Portuguese bridge case study, accounting for those uncertainties. The risk-based methodology comprises three main steps towards the assignment of the bridge's scour risk rating. The methodology constitutes a potential key tool for risk management activities, assisting bridge's owners and managers in decision-making.</p>
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Reports on the topic "Bridge Collapses"

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Terzic, Vesna, and William Pasco. Novel Method for Probabilistic Evaluation of the Post-Earthquake Functionality of a Bridge. Mineta Transportation Institute, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2021.1916.

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While modern overpass bridges are safe against collapse, their functionality will likely be compromised in case of design-level or beyond design-level earthquake, which may generate excessive residual displacements of the bridge deck. Presently, there is no validated, quantitative approach for estimating the operational level of the bridge after an earthquake due to the difficulty of accurately simulating residual displacements. This research develops a novel method for probabilistic evaluation of the post-earthquake functionality state of the bridge; the approach is founded on an explicit evaluation of bridge residual displacements and associated traffic capacity by considering realistic traffic load scenarios. This research proposes a high-fidelity finite-element model for bridge columns, developed and calibrated using existing experimental data from the shake table tests of a full-scale bridge column. This finite-element model of the bridge column is further expanded to enable evaluation of the axial load-carrying capacity of damaged columns, which is critical for an accurate evaluation of the traffic capacity of the bridge. Existing experimental data from the crushing tests on the columns with earthquake-induced damage support this phase of the finite-element model development. To properly evaluate the bridge's post-earthquake functionality state, realistic traffic loadings representative of different bridge conditions (e.g., immediate access, emergency traffic only, closed) are applied in the proposed model following an earthquake simulation. The traffic loadings in the finite-element model consider the distribution of the vehicles on the bridge causing the largest forces in the bridge columns.
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Wu, Yingjie, Selim Gunay, and Khalid Mosalam. Hybrid Simulations for the Seismic Evaluation of Resilient Highway Bridge Systems. Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.55461/ytgv8834.

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Bridges often serve as key links in local and national transportation networks. Bridge closures can result in severe costs, not only in the form of repair or replacement, but also in the form of economic losses related to medium- and long-term interruption of businesses and disruption to surrounding communities. In addition, continuous functionality of bridges is very important after any seismic event for emergency response and recovery purposes. Considering the importance of these structures, the associated structural design philosophy is shifting from collapse prevention to maintaining functionality in the aftermath of moderate to strong earthquakes, referred to as “resiliency” in earthquake engineering research. Moreover, the associated construction philosophy is being modernized with the utilization of accelerated bridge construction (ABC) techniques, which strive to reduce the impact of construction on traffic, society, economy and on-site safety. This report presents two bridge systems that target the aforementioned issues. A study that combined numerical and experimental research was undertaken to characterize the seismic performance of these bridge systems. The first part of the study focuses on the structural system-level response of highway bridges that incorporate a class of innovative connecting devices called the “V-connector,”, which can be used to connect two components in a structural system, e.g., the column and the bridge deck, or the column and its foundation. This device, designed by ACII, Inc., results in an isolation surface at the connection plane via a connector rod placed in a V-shaped tube that is embedded into the concrete. Energy dissipation is provided by friction between a special washer located around the V-shaped tube and a top plate. Because of the period elongation due to the isolation layer and the limited amount of force transferred by the relatively flexible connector rod, bridge columns are protected from experiencing damage, thus leading to improved seismic behavior. The V-connector system also facilitates the ABC by allowing on-site assembly of prefabricated structural parts including those of the V-connector. A single-column, two-span highway bridge located in Northern California was used for the proof-of-concept of the proposed V-connector protective system. The V-connector was designed to result in an elastic bridge response based on nonlinear dynamic analyses of the bridge model with the V-connector. Accordingly, a one-third scale V-connector was fabricated based on a set of selected design parameters. A quasi-static cyclic test was first conducted to characterize the force-displacement relationship of the V-connector, followed by a hybrid simulation (HS) test in the longitudinal direction of the bridge to verify the intended linear elastic response of the bridge system. In the HS test, all bridge components were analytically modeled except for the V-connector, which was simulated as the experimental substructure in a specially designed and constructed test setup. Linear elastic bridge response was confirmed according to the HS results. The response of the bridge with the V-connector was compared against that of the as-built bridge without the V-connector, which experienced significant column damage. These results justified the effectiveness of this innovative device. The second part of the study presents the HS test conducted on a one-third scale two-column bridge bent with self-centering columns (broadly defined as “resilient columns” in this study) to reduce (or ultimately eliminate) any residual drifts. The comparison of the HS test with a previously conducted shaking table test on an identical bridge bent is one of the highlights of this study. The concept of resiliency was incorporated in the design of the bridge bent columns characterized by a well-balanced combination of self-centering, rocking, and energy-dissipating mechanisms. This combination is expected to lead to minimum damage and low levels of residual drifts. The ABC is achieved by utilizing precast columns and end members (cap beam and foundation) through an innovative socket connection. In order to conduct the HS test, a new hybrid simulation system (HSS) was developed, utilizing commonly available software and hardware components in most structural laboratories including: a computational platform using Matlab/Simulink [MathWorks 2015], an interface hardware/software platform dSPACE [2017], and MTS controllers and data acquisition (DAQ) system for the utilized actuators and sensors. Proper operation of the HSS was verified using a trial run without the test specimen before the actual HS test. In the conducted HS test, the two-column bridge bent was simulated as the experimental substructure while modeling the horizontal and vertical inertia masses and corresponding mass proportional damping in the computer. The same ground motions from the shaking table test, consisting of one horizontal component and the vertical component, were applied as input excitations to the equations of motion in the HS. Good matching was obtained between the shaking table and the HS test results, demonstrating the appropriateness of the defined governing equations of motion and the employed damping model, in addition to the reliability of the developed HSS with minimum simulation errors. The small residual drifts and the minimum level of structural damage at large peak drift levels demonstrated the superior seismic response of the innovative design of the bridge bent with self-centering columns. The reliability of the developed HS approach motivated performing a follow-up HS study focusing on the transverse direction of the bridge, where the entire two-span bridge deck and its abutments represented the computational substructure, while the two-column bridge bent was the physical substructure. This investigation was effective in shedding light on the system-level performance of the entire bridge system that incorporated innovative bridge bent design beyond what can be achieved via shaking table tests, which are usually limited by large-scale bridge system testing capacities.
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Gwinn, Kenneth West, James Michael Redmond, and Gerald William Wellman. Peer review of the National Transportation Safety Board structural analysis of the I-35W bridge collapse. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/947858.

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Gunay, Selim, Fan Hu, Khalid Mosalam, Arpit Nema, Jose Restrepo, Adam Zsarnoczay, and Jack Baker. Blind Prediction of Shaking Table Tests of a New Bridge Bent Design. Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.55461/svks9397.

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Considering the importance of the transportation network and bridge structures, the associated seismic design philosophy is shifting from the basic collapse prevention objective to maintaining functionality on the community scale in the aftermath of moderate to strong earthquakes (i.e., resiliency). In addition to performance, the associated construction philosophy is also being modernized, with the utilization of accelerated bridge construction (ABC) techniques to reduce impacts of construction work on traffic, society, economy, and on-site safety during construction. Recent years have seen several developments towards the design of low-damage bridges and ABC. According to the results of conducted tests, these systems have significant potential to achieve the intended community resiliency objectives. Taking advantage of such potential in the standard design and analysis processes requires proper modeling that adequately characterizes the behavior and response of these bridge systems. To evaluate the current practices and abilities of the structural engineering community to model this type of resiliency-oriented bridges, the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center (PEER) organized a blind prediction contest of a two-column bridge bent consisting of columns with enhanced response characteristics achieved by a well-balanced contribution of self-centering, rocking, and energy dissipation. The parameters of this blind prediction competition are described in this report, and the predictions submitted by different teams are analyzed. In general, forces are predicted better than displacements. The post-tension bar forces and residual displacements are predicted with the best and least accuracy, respectively. Some of the predicted quantities are observed to have coefficient of variation (COV) values larger than 50%; however, in general, the scatter in the predictions amongst different teams is not significantly large. Applied ground motions (GM) in shaking table tests consisted of a series of naturally recorded earthquake acceleration signals, where GM1 is found to be the largest contributor to the displacement error for most of the teams, and GM7 is the largest contributor to the force (hence, the acceleration) error. The large contribution of GM1 to the displacement error is due to the elastic response in GM1 and the errors stemming from the incorrect estimation of the period and damping ratio. The contribution of GM7 to the force error is due to the errors in the estimation of the base-shear capacity. Several teams were able to predict forces and accelerations with only moderate bias. Displacements, however, were systematically underestimated by almost every team. This suggests that there is a general problem either in the assumptions made or the models used to simulate the response of this type of bridge bent with enhanced response characteristics. Predictions of the best-performing teams were consistently and substantially better than average in all response quantities. The engineering community would benefit from learning details of the approach of the best teams and the factors that caused the models of other teams to fail to produce similarly good results. Blind prediction contests provide: (1) very useful information regarding areas where current numerical models might be improved; and (2) quantitative data regarding the uncertainty of analytical models for use in performance-based earthquake engineering evaluations. Such blind prediction contests should be encouraged for other experimental research activities and are planned to be conducted annually by PEER.
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Idrissa, Rahmane, and Bethany McGann. Mistrust and Imbalance: The Collapse of Intercommunal Relations and the Rise of Armed Community Mobilization on the Niger-Mali Border. RESOLVE Network, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37805/cbags2021.2.

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The border area of Mali, Niger, and Burkina Faso is a site of endemic violence. The area is punctuated by anti-state attacks, the targeted killing of traditional chiefs, and attacks on markets and other socioeconomic convening locales that otherwise serve as central mechanisms for the preservation of normalized intercommunal interactions. In addition, foreign military interventions and asymmetric insurgent warfare pit multiple state and non-state actors equipped with heavy weaponry against one another, adding another level of insecurity and threat to local communities. Community-based armed groups (CBAGs) of Fulani and Tuareg ethnicity have aligned themselves with outside actors carrying out operations in the region out of choice, coercion, or in some cases both. Building on other research reports in RESOLVE’s Community-Based Armed Groups Series, this report explores local perceptions regarding the nature and impact of the violence in southwestern Niger. The report provides a summary of understanding of ongoing conflict dynamics from the most impacted communities and an insight on the knowledge and attitudes around actors participating in the violence. It hopes to inform efforts to bring an end to the violence and increase understanding of participating actors.
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Bridge painter falls 364 feet after suspension scaffold collapses. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, February 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.26616/nioshsface92nj035.

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Four construction workers die after cantilever launching gantry collapses at bridge construction site - Ohio. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, May 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.26616/nioshface200405.

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A STUDY OF COLLAPSE SUSCEPTIBILITY AND RESISTANCE OF LOADED CABLE-SUPPORTED PIPE STRUCTURE SUBJECT TO A SUDDEN BREAK OF CABLE MEMBER. The Hong Kong Institute of Steel Construction, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18057/ijasc.2021.17.3.7.

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Cable-supported pipe system (CSPS) provides a suitable system of structure for meeting the stringent structural requirements of pipeline bridges. However, due to a composite action of cable with truss and pipe members, the sudden failure of its structural member may lead to undesired vibratory response and collapse. The occurrence of a sudden break of the CSPS structural member is characterized by spontaneous dynamics and internal force rearrangement. The present study aims to investigate parametrically the collapse susceptibility and resistance of scaled down CSPS model in the event of a sudden break of the cable member by combined experimental and numerical procedures. The displacement of the structure, the pattern of internal force rearrangement, and dynamic responses were comparatively evaluated. Experimental results depict imminent cable failure under load and attendant dynamic response, but without a total collapse of the CSPS structure. Critical members causing large dynamic response amplitudes were identified and the mitigation of collapse was evaluated. Dynamic increasing factor (DIF) methods was utilized for the evaluation of the dynamic response of the sudden cable break resulting from the pattern of responses between the cable members and the rest of the CSPS structure. Comparison with provisions in other studies shows higher values DIF of the CSPS cable members which led to proposed evaluation using dynamic factor (DF). Thus, the dynamic factors for the sudden break of various cable members along the span and the errors were also estimated considering the parametric of design variables which will enable easy utilization during the structural process of CSPS.
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