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Journal articles on the topic 'Bridge constructions'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Leuschner, Torsten. "Concessive conditionals as a family of constructions." Belgian Journal of Linguistics, Volume 34 (2020) 34 (December 31, 2020): 235–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/bjl.00049.leu.

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Abstract This squib sketches an approach to concessive conditionals (CCs) from the perspective of Radical Construction Grammar (Croft 2001). It brings earlier functional-typological work on CCs to bear on language-particular constructionist analyses of CCs, using the notions of ‘family (of constructions)’ and ‘prototype’ as the bridge. After suggesting how these notions can be applied to CCs under a functional-typological approach, the structure of the CC sub-constructicon in German is discussed, and directions for future research are offered to round the squib off.
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2

Beentjes, Casper H. L. "Optimising Poisson bridge constructions for variance reduction methods." Monte Carlo Methods and Applications 27, no. 3 (June 1, 2021): 249–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mcma-2021-2090.

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Abstract In this paper we discuss different Monte Carlo (MC) approaches to generate unit-rate Poisson processes and provide an analysis of Poisson bridge constructions, which form the discrete analogue of the well-known Brownian bridge construction for a Wiener process. One of the main advantages of these Poisson bridge constructions is that they, like the Brownian bridge, can be effectively combined with variance reduction techniques. In particular, we show here, in practice and proof, how we can achieve orders of magnitude efficiency improvement over standard MC approaches when generating unit-rate Poisson processes via a synthesis of antithetic sampling and Poisson bridge constructions. At the same time we provide practical guidance as to how to implement and tune Poisson bridge methods to achieve, in a mean sense, (near) optimal performance.
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3

Белый and Andrey Belyy. "TECHNICAL CONDITION ANALYSIS OF SAINT-PETERSBURG OPERATED REINFORCED CONCRETE BRIDGE CONSTRUCTIONS." Bulletin of Belgorod State Technological University named after. V. G. Shukhov 2, no. 3 (April 4, 2017): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/24624.

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St. Petersburg possesses a large number of bridge constructions operated throughout a long time. Mainly these are objects made of reinforced concrete. Among bridges of the city there is a set of unique constructions. Specifics of bridges maintenance in megalopolis environment are characterized by difficult climatic and technogenic conditions. It causes emergence and development of numerous defects and damages in designs. For development of scientifically based techniques of assessment and forecasting of technical condition of the operated bridge constructions (in particular, reinforced concrete) the authentic and urgent analysis of this state is necessary. It is possible to execute it, having formulated the corresponding criteria and methods of assessment, and also having created a certain methodology of the analysis, as it is executed in the present article. Six evaluation criteria on which it is possible to carry out complex diagnostics of bridges of St. Petersburg are designated. Results of the analysis confirm need of special approaches to operation of megalopolises bridges park and also on a large number of constructions with extremely unsatisfactory technical condition.
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Belyi, Andrei, Eduard Karapetov, and Ekaterina Tsygankova. "Design norms and live load development by the example of saint petersburg depot of reinforced concrete automobile road bridges." Proceedings of Petersburg Transport University, no. 3 (June 20, 2018): 344–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.20295/1815-588x-2018-3-344-357.

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Objective: To analyze and cover the statistical data concerning the development and application of live load and relevant design standards by the example of Saint Petersburg bridge constructions. Methods: A comprehensive three-stage analysis of technical documentation on the operated reinforced concrete bridge constructions of the city was applied. Historical and technical review of norms and specifications of design, since the end of the 19th century was conducted. Systematization, statistical analysis and splitting into stages and groups were carried out. Results: The article presents the development of design standards and temporary loads of reinforced concrete highway bridges. The statistics is made on the basis of the depot of Saint Petersburg bridges. The latter is characterized by the increased esthetic, and difficult technical operation features. Classification of temporary loads on structures of Saint Petersburg since 1891 was carried out. The stages of occurrence and formation of circulating load norms were analyzed. A certain feature in regulation of requirements for urban bridges was singled out. Examples of the relevant objects were given. A number of conclusions concerning the evolution of design standards were made. Practical importance: Taking into account the specifi city of the large megalopolis, management of technical condition of bridge constructions in Saint Petersburg represents an extremely responsible and difficult task. Authentic, exact and relevant data on the history of design of facilities, circulating load (both design and current) is necessary for the solution of the task in question. Statistical analysis was carried out to apply operation of reinforced concrete bridge constructions in practice as the most mass transportation facilities of the city. From a practical point of view the data in question will make it possible to provide and support the set standard (design) levels of reliability, safety and durability of bridge constructions with a sufficient share of probability.
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Евтушенко, Сергей, Sergey Evtushenko, Тимофей Крахмальный, Timofey Krakhmalnyy, Марина Крахмальная, and Marina Krakhmalnaya. "Topical issues of the calculation of residual service life." Construction and Architecture 2, no. 4 (April 22, 2015): 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/17523.

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Authors reflected the historical background of an assessment of a residual resource of bridge constructions, and also values of coefficients of the importance of construction designs of a bridge construction received by authors by results of calculation.
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6

Dong, Feng Hui, Yue Tao Du, and Feng Kun Cui. "Reliability Analysis of Pre-Stressed Concrete Continuous Girders Bridge Using Incremental Launching Method on Different Codes." Applied Mechanics and Materials 681 (October 2014): 205–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.681.205.

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The object of this paper analyzes the reliability level of pre-stressed concrete continuous girder bridges using incremental launching method during construction stages. Typical cross-sections used in the example bridge are considered at construction and service stages, respectively. The calculated results indicate that the reliability indices on the code of D62-2004 vary considerably to the code of JTJ 023-85. Comparing the reliability indices between the constructions shows the different regularity.
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7

Fiore, Alessandra, Martino Antonio Liuzzi, and Rita Greco. "Some Shape, Durability and Structural Strategies at the Conceptual Design Stage to Improve the Service Life of a Timber Bridge for Pedestrians." Applied Sciences 10, no. 6 (March 16, 2020): 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10062023.

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The use of wood in the construction of bridges has increased in recent decades thanks to the characteristics of this material, i.e., environmentally-friendly and suitability within natural landscapes. Nevertheless, timber constructions may be affected by degrading effects due to biological and/or abiotic agents, and may be exposed to impacts or vibrations due to external forces such as wind, earthquakes or walking pedestrians. Consequently, bridge performance with respect to these aspects should be assessed from the early design stage. Within this context, in this study, some shape, structural and durability strategies dealing with the design of timber bridges for pedestrians are investigated in order to extend the service life of these constructions. More precisely, a methodology consisting of three steps, to be applied at the early conceptual design stage, is proposed. The three fundamental steps to be considered in the preliminary design of timber bridges are: (i) main boundary constraints and load-bearing system; (ii) durability; (iii) vibration levels. In the study, the presented methodology is applied and described for the design of a pedestrian and cyclist timber bridge over the Gravina torrent, in Apulia (Italy).
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8

Kagioglou, Panagiota, Konstantinos Katakalos, and Stergios Aristoteles Mitoulis. "Resilient connection for accelerated bridge constructions." Structures 33 (October 2021): 3025–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2021.05.094.

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9

Loktev, A. A., V. V. Korolev, D. A. Loktev, D. R. Shukyurov, P. A. Gelyukh, and I. V. Shishkina. "Perspective constructions of bridge overpasses on transport main lines." Vestnik of the Railway Research Institute 77, no. 6 (December 30, 2018): 331–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.21780/2223-9731-2018-77-6-331-336.

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Abstract. When designing bridges on motorways and railways, conventional beam or trussed design schemes of structures made of steel or reinforced concrete are used, but at present there is a significant increase in the speeds of motion of individual vehicles, axial loads and total train weight increase, and temporary intervals between trains. These factors lead to a significant increase in dynamic effects and necessitate the use of non-classical design schemes for artificial structures of transport infrastructure. In this study, it is proposed to take a threespan arch bridge with suspended central span structure as the basis for unified bridge overpass. Such an arrangement will allow changing the design length of the central span in a fairly wide range, reducing the total number of supports with an increase in the total length of the bridge overpass, and using a similar design as a double-track railroad, two- or four-lane motorway bridge. Calculations carried out and the results obtained for calculating displacements, internal forces and stresses in the units and elements of the proposed bridge overpass design allow concluding about the allowable limit values of the values found, sufficiently uniform load of all its main elements, the absence of strongly marked large-scale stress concentrators. Proposed design allows setting different sizes of spans during the design, reducing the number or even avoiding the installation of channel supports, adapting this structure for the passage of both rail and road transport. Design of the bridge, mathematical model of which is described in detail in the article, can be manufactured at the factory, and then delivered to the installation site and mounted there, which significantly reduces the final construction cost and makes it a profitable solution, for example, for arranging railway interchanges at different levels.
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10

Havlíček, Peter, and Július Šoltész. "Applicability of Commercial Software for Bridge Design with Consideration of Seismic Loading Effects." Solid State Phenomena 272 (February 2018): 313–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.272.313.

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The construction of bridges with use of seismic isolation is a less-used concept in Slovakia and the Czech Republic. The concept of seismic isolation of bridges is a way of protecting bridge construction without damaging the pillars and substructure unlike the currently used methodology of consideration and development of plastic joints. When using this concept correctly, it is possible to prevent serious damage of construction and greatly reduce economic losses. Creation of a FEM (Fine Element Method) model, that is capable of correct description of the bridge behavior during a seismic event is often problematic. In this paper, the features of designing and modeling of bridge constructions with use of seismic insulation based on elastomeric bearings are presented. Furthermore, the calculations of stiffness constants required for numerical modeling are presented as well. In this paper are described methods of modeling of seismic isolations in a commonly and commercially available FEM based software. The work also contains a comparison of possibilities as well as limits of these programs. We further present recommendations for correct modeling by use of nonlinear material properties or elastic bonds between elements.
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11

Kovalenko, L., and V. Yemets. "ENGINEERING AND GEODESIC WORKS AND EXECUTIVE SURVEY INSTALLATION OF BRIDGE STRUCTURES." Municipal economy of cities 1, no. 161 (March 26, 2021): 124–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.33042/2522-1809-2021-1-161-124-128.

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Modern construction of bridge crossings is impossible without engineering and geodetic works. When transferring a project to the terrain, it is necessary to perform measurements in the horizontal and vertical planes with high accuracy. Geodetic works, to secure the design position and dimensions of both the entire sporida and its surrounding parts, to be carried out by procrastination before the construction of the bridge. Geodetic work during the construction of bridges and other structures is a complex of measurements, calculations and constructions on the ground, in which the design placement of structures must be ensured. The purpose of the article is to consider engineering and geodetic works during the construction of a bridge as part of a combined bridge crossing. At the stages of the construction of the bridge, the accuracy of the project is required, which will ensure geodesic work. These include: the breakdown of bridge supports at different stages of their construction, control of the erection of the superstructure and its installation on the support parts. To perform geodetic works such equipment as an electronic total station "Sokkia 630" and a digital level of the brand "Trimble DiNi" were used. The coordinates of the benchmarks were obtained and entered into the plan of the area. To work with them, anchors were driven into the asphalt and soil, photographed and entered into the documentation. On the pillars of the bridge were glued marks for the notch of the device, with a reflective effect. The data of coordinates and heights were entered into the memory of the total station. The method and procedure for geodetic works during the installation of bridge spans depend on their design and materials. At present, the most common methods of superstructures erection include hinged and semi-hinged assembly, assembly on the slipway, assembly on the shore with subsequent thrusting. When installing superstructures, the main tasks of geodetic support are to determine the straightness of the main beams and measure the so-called building lift. In the practice of bridge building, the degree of use of industrial construction methods is growing, that is, the manufacture of individual structural blocks with their subsequent connection at a regular place, which contributes to an increase in labor productivity and the quality of bridges.
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12

Zhang, Zhuo Jie, Jin Quan He, Yuan Chi Lin, Xin Huan Liu, and Xiao Cheng Han. "Evaluations of Measurement Methods for Parallel Strand Cables." Applied Mechanics and Materials 738-739 (March 2015): 882–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.738-739.882.

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Cable tension is one of the important indexes of cable integrity as well as bridge stability and can be measured by various tension measurement methods. Parallel strand cables are special in structure, so the cable force measurement is more complex and difficult than other types of cables. In order to evaluate the common measurement methods for parallel strand cables, based on the Tongling Yangtze river road-rail bridge, the monitoring data during constructions were collected for statistical analysis. This paper summarized the common measurement methods for parallel strand cables, compared the test data form different measurement methods and in different construction stages. The results show the lift-off method assisted by the vibration wire load cell method can ensure force uniformity, the difference of forces measured by the vibration frequency method, the load cell method and the lift-off method is less than 5%, which can basically meet the constructions control requirement of cable force. This paper offer good reference value to other similar parallel strand cable stayed bridges.
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13

Mendieta, Gonzalo R. "Two hyperfinite constructions of the brownian bridge." Stochastic Analysis and Applications 7, no. 1 (January 1989): 75–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07362998908809168.

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14

Kleinas, Vilius. "Rational cross-sectional design and behavioural analysis of the low-sag stressed ribbon pedestrian bridges/Rationale Querschnittsbemessung und Verhaltensanalyse der Fußgänger-Spannbandbrücken mit geringem Durchhang." Bauingenieur 96, no. 04 (2021): 121–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.37544/0005-6650-2021-04-57.

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Stress ribbon bridges represent one of the simplest and the most efficient modern bridge constructions used in modern lightweight pedestrian bridges. The article presents an analysis of the stress ribbon bridge behaviour by applying different values of constant loads, assessing the possibilities of using steels and composite materials. The article presents the methodology for the rational cross-section and shape design of the low-sag stressed ribbon structure, based on the rigidity conditions. The article discusses the structure‘s behaviour in asymmetric loads and provides recommendations for Design.
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15

Ispravnic, Cristian Ilie, and Anamaria Ramona Radomir. "REMARKABLE BRIDGE CONSTRUCTIONS WITHIN THE REGIONAL DIRECTION OF ROADS AND BRIDGES TIMISOARA." Zbornik radova Građevinskog fakulteta 35 (2019): 273–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.14415/konferencijagfs2019.024.

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16

Hubáček, Adam, and Rudolf Hela. "Concrete with High Content of Fly Ash Intended for Constructions with Long Durability." Solid State Phenomena 249 (April 2016): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.249.21.

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The article deals with theme of high fly ash content concretes intended for long life constructions. Considering the still growing consumption of fly ash in construction concretes it is a live theme in the Czech Republic and abroad as well. The emphasis will be laid namely on characteristics and requirements for fresh concrete intended for construction of these specific concrete constructions. They are for instance waterproof constructions, tunnel linings, concretes for bridge and road constructions etc. Also the hardened concrete properties like compressive strength, resistance to pressure water, durability and further necessary parameters for obtainment of required properties of these concretes will be monitored.
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17

Holický, Milan, and Jiří Kolísko. "Categorization of Bridges by Failure Consequences." Advances in Science and Technology 108 (July 27, 2021): 53–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.108.53.

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Categorization of bridge constructions by the failure consequences due to loss of ultimate capacity or serviceability is a difficult task that can be resolved using two different approaches: elementary method using currently valid standards advanced method based on risk assessment. The elementary method is grounded on subjective assessment of bridge malfunctioning or collapse. The bridge is classified into an appropriate category (consequence class) in accordance with the most severe consequence. It is a simple procedure that may be applied without the need of demanding mathematical procedures. However, the resulting categorization may be affected by uncertainties in the assessment of consequences. The advanced method is based on a comprehensive analysis of bridge malfunctioning using a procedure of risk assessment. This method takes account of the occurrence probability of unfavourable events and the significance of individual consequences. Classification of a bridge construction into an appropriate category depends on the resulting risk of the bridge failure. This more laborious approach provides credible results without excessive uncertainties. The most adverse difficulty of the method is a combination of some consequences like the loss of life and economic costs. Both the above-mentioned approaches to the categorization of bridges by failure consequences can be effectively used depending on the type of bridge, on the intensity of exploitation, on expected consequences, and on social impacts of bridge malfunctioning.
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18

Крахмальная, Марина, Marina Krakhmalnaya, Сергей Евтушенко, Sergey Evtushenko, Тимофей Крахмальный, and Timofey Krakhmalnyy. "Technical monitoring of bridge constructions on a network of regional highways." Construction and Architecture 2, no. 2 (April 6, 2014): 91–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/5940.

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Authors reflected modern problems of technical condition of bridge constructions in a network of roads of regional appointment. In article the review and the analysis of the existing devices and systems of measurement of width of disclosure of cracks of bridge constructions is made, and also the description of the system of monitoring of a condition of cracks of bridge constructions developed by authors allowing to take in real time measurements and to automate process of data transmission by means of a wireless communication is provided.
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19

Wang, Wei, and Lei Wang. "Study on Static and Dynamic Load Test of Huaronggou Bridge." Applied Mechanics and Materials 587-589 (July 2014): 1500–1506. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.587-589.1500.

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HuaRonggou bridge is a continuous beam bridge, which is built recently in Inner Mongolia. In order to test the service behavior of structures, while the bridge is working in the condition of static and dynamic load, and evaluate whether the construction quality is to meet the design requirements, the static and dynamic load test is carried out. This paper describes the principles and methods of the load test, the measurement of the stress and strain, and dynamic characteristics of the bridge structure. By finite element analysis, it can provide the operation and supervision with benchmark data, and also offer the reference to constructions of the same kind of bridge.
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20

Smyrnov, Vladimir, Anastasia Dyayenko, and Leonid Dyachenko. "The peculiarities of constructing bridges at high-speed mainline railroads." Bulletin of scientific research results, no. 3 (October 17, 2017): 69–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.20295/2223-9987-2017-3-69-81.

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Objective: To analyze calculation and construction peculiarities of bridgework at high-speed networks (VSM). Methods: Mathematical simulation, as well as numerical and analytical methods of structural engineering was applied. Results: The main peculiarities of bridge construction at high-speed networks (VSM) were analyzed in the given study. It was proved that artificial constructions at VSM operate in the conditions which differ considerably from the conditions at common railroad lines. The former include the need in continuous welded rail design along the whole length of a bridge, requirement for high stiffness of a structure; consideration of aerodynamic influence of a rolling stock, moving with high speed, on structures, consideration of “train-bridge” system’s elements interaction in order to identify resonant modes of train operation, which result in increased dynamic impact on a bridge, railway vehicles, etc. Calculation results of a “bridge- continuous welded rail” system interaction under temperature and train influence for specific types of bridgeworks multi-span beam discontinuous and continuous elevated structures were presented in the article. The influence of length, flow diagram and longitudinal stiffness of intermediate structures on force value, occurring in the rails of a rolling stock was stated. Practical importance: The description of some peculiarities of train operation at VSM bridges, which are to be considered during design engineering, were presented as well as certain measures, providing operation security and comfort of train passengers, were suggested.
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21

Piskun, Artem S., Galina V. Ganets, and Gleb A. Averchenko. "Methods of on-site inspection of a reinforced concrete bridge exemplified by the bridge over the river Kosopasha." Vestnik MGSU, no. 7 (July 2020): 957–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.22227/1997-0935.2020.7.957-967.

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Introduction. An on-site inspection method is a visual examination of an engineering structure aimed at the detection of defects, damages, and disturbances of a construction facility and further issuance of recommendations for their elimination. An on-site inspection method is among the principal ones applied, as it serves to identify all defects of bridge structures during their service lives. Materials and methods. The structures of the bridge over the Kosopasha river, located at the 5+910 km of the Pasha – Sviritsa – Zagubye motor road, the Volkhov District, Leningrad Region, were inspected. An on-site inspection method was applied to collect the information and perform the preliminary analysis. Results. The co-authors described the construction of the bridge elements, including the road deck topping, expansion joints, the safety parapet, sidewalks, hand rails, water insulation, the drain line, the bridge approach, the span, bridge support structures, piers, the bridge abutment, and the under-bridge area. They analyzed the condition of these elements at the time of their inspection; they compiled a report on defects, damages and the bridge deck capacity. The main defects include concrete leaching accompanied by concrete reinforcement denuding, concrete cracking and chipping, absence of safety parapet, partial destruction of rails, and failure of abutment strengthening constructions. Conclusions. Recommendations for the further operation of the bridge were formulated on the basis of inspection results. A set of measures is proposed with the purpose of eliminating the defects and further safe operation of the bridge structure. The recommendations include a set of repair works in respect of particular joints and constructions: removal of dust and dirt from the elements of the bridge topping and sidewalks, repair of minor damages of reinforced concrete structures, shore protection aimed at abutment reconstruction, installation of the safety parapet.
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Karieta, Vilius. "Arranging Parameters of Self-anchored Stressed Ribbon Supported on Arch Pedestrian Bridges." Mokslas - Lietuvos ateitis 9, no. 5 (December 27, 2017): 495–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/mla.2017.1084.

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Stressed ribbon pedestrian bridges are most graceful, efficient and economical strains of suspension bridges. However, these structures have a major disadvantage – very large horizontal support reactions, which result mainly to the construction cost. In order to discover new forms and to extend the limits of stressed ribbon bridges, in the end of twentieth century these constructions were started to combine with other bearing elements in cable­stayed, under­deck cable­stayed bridges and other structures. At the beginning of the twenty­first century stressed ribbon supported on arch structure was discovered. The paper presents reviews of suspension supported on arch footbridges and classification. Considered the main geometrical design parameters and their interdependence. The paper presents a method of how to balance self­anchored suspension supported on arch bridge design computational scheme.
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Salmen, Björn Torsten, Marina Knyazeva, and Frank Walther. "Development of a Structural Integrity Non-destructive Inspection System for Bridges Made of Weathering Steel." MATEC Web of Conferences 278 (2019): 03006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201927803006.

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Due to the increasing volume of traffic, bridges are exposed to higher loads as it was considered during the planning phase. Therefore, a regular inspection is necessary in order to detect cracks at very early stages. The use of weathering structural steel in bridges, as well as in composite bridge constructions is an alternative to conventional bridges, not only from an economic but also from an ecological point of view, since it is not necessary to apply a corrosion protection layer and renew it during the lifetime of the bridge. Unfortunately, conventional visual inspection or magnetic particle inspection on the weathering steel bridge are hindered by the protective patina and requires development of new test methods. Within the framework of this project, a combined crack detection technique using non-destructive inspection by means of Active Thermography and by Electro-Magnetic Acoustic Transducer (EMAT) were evaluated in laboratory environments and in real conditions on bridge structures made of weathering structural steel.
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24

Poddaeva, Olga, Anastasia Fedosova, and Julia Gribach. "The study of wind effects on the bridge constructions." E3S Web of Conferences 97 (2019): 03030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20199703030.

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Construction of bridge structures occupies one of the leading positions in the construction industry. However, the design of these objects is a complex multi-factor task. Particular attention in the development of bridge structures must be paid to wind loads, since their dynamic loads can cause a number of adverse aeroelastic reactions. Large-scale bridge structures, which are flexible structures, are more susceptible to horizontal influence of the wind. This article presents a description of the study of wind impact on a bridge being built in the city of Moscow, according to a technique that was developed by employees of the UNPL AAISK (NRU MGSU). In this case, a test of the span section of the model on a specialized stand was conducted. The example of this object shows a graph of the dependence of the amplitude of oscillations of the bridge span on the wind speed without the use of fairings and their installation. According to the results of the work conclusions.
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25

Biscarini, Chiara, Silvia Di Francesco, Stefano Casadei, Sara Venturi, and Piergiorgio Manciola. "Vulnerability of Hydraulic Constructions in Flood-Prone Agricultural Areas." Water 13, no. 11 (May 31, 2021): 1549. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13111549.

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The conditions of high hydraulic risk are mainly due to the interference between the river network and bridges, their relative access ramps and road embankments located in the floodplain. Actually, bridges are not always structurally adequate to withstand severe flood waves. In flood restoration works, there is an objective difficulty in implementing the structural safety of bridges because of historical, artistic and economic issues. Thus, the risk mitigation strategy often accounts for the assessment of the vulnerability degree of each bridge/road embankment according to an evaluation scale. Here we present a methodology regarding the classification of the vulnerability degree and its application to 84 works located in the alluvial area of the Tiber River, in the area of the Province of Perugia. For the purposes of a synthetic classification of works vulnerability, the individual assessed parameters are compared by means of subsequent contingency tables in order to compute the resulting vulnerability degree.
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26

Trifonova, Angelina A., Sergey V. Alekseev, and Alexey M. Yegoshin. "Resent constructions of road bridges’ expansion joints." Transportation Systems and Technology 7, no. 2 (July 1, 2021): 42–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/transsyst20217242-54.

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At present, there are high requirements for materials and construction elements in civil engineering in common. These intentions are fully applicable to such bridge construction elements as expansion joints. The new developed models are needed, in which all the defects and limitations of the previous models are solved and the maximum of operational life is reached. The main types of bridge expansion joints: closed joints, filled-type joints, covered joints. In this article the construction features, advantages and disadvantages of the listed expansion joints are considered. On the basis of the gotten results it is seen that new and developed models of different types expansion joints have better rates in all of considered criteria. It means that these joints have bigger structural reliability and provide longer operational life of the construction. The most effective models of bridge expansion joints are: closed-type joints with metal support plate, filled-type joints with convex V-shaped compensator and covering slab, covered joints with finger slabs and flap hinged rods and springs.
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27

Jiang, Yang, and Li Jun Jia. "Study on Applicable Spans and Static Performance of the Suspension Bridges Using CFRP Cables." Advanced Materials Research 255-260 (May 2011): 1115–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.255-260.1115.

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Bridge constructions of crossing wider sea straits allow the span of suspension bridge to move forward unceasingly, but the self-weight stress of the traditional high-strength steel as the material of main cable accounts for the ratio of allowable stress will be increasing with the growth of main span.That will limit the main span and load-carrying efficiency.Due to its high tensile strength,small mass density,excellent corrosion and fatigue resistant ability,the carbon fiber reinforced polymer(CFRP) is the ideal material for the main cable of suspension bridge.In this paper, the feasibility of applying CFRP materials in the suspension bridges was proved and the applicable spans for the suspension bridges with CFRP cables were also provided.
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Wrana, Jan. "Aesthetics of bridging solutions of Santiago Calatrava." Budownictwo i Architektura 15, no. 1 (April 1, 2016): 169–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.24358/bud-arch_16_151_18.

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Bridges and viaducts are not only engineering solutions, ensuring the possibility to overcome obstacles and communication – they are also a spatial elements, visible in the city landscape. For centuries, it was attempted to give the bridges an interesting shape; they were sometimes specific gates to the cities, too – the example here can be the famous bridge in Avignon. Also today they are the expression of styles and trends in architecture, often designed by renowned artists. Additionally, bridges increasingly often become the spatial dominants, constructions clearly silhouetted against the greenery or urban tissue, the contemporary symbols of the cities. Santiago Calatrava, one of the leading Spanish architects and designer of, among others, the City of Arts and Sciences in Valencia, is the creator of not only enclosed structures. His works also include numerous bridges, viaducts and walkways, among others: “Puente De La Mujer” in Buenos Aires, the “Sundial” bridge in Redding and the “Katehaki Bridge” footbridge in Athens. He creates sculptural works in reinforced concrete, combining the sublime sense of aesthetics with sophisticated engineering. Light, openwork, white constructionsare both practical and extraordinarily appealing.
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Machelski, Czesław. "Strengthening the masonry bridges with use of corrugated steel plates." Transportation Overview - Przeglad Komunikacyjny 2016, no. 1 (January 1, 2016): 36–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.35117/a_eng_16_01_05.

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The following work presents the problem of old arched bridges, built a long time ago as masonry constructions and their revitalization. Nowadays this kind of railway structures is very popular and extensively used in Europe. Moreover, in Poland there is a significant number of them. This work considers the possibility of strengthening these objects with using the corrugated steel plates as the material which is already being used in soil-steel structures. The usage of steel coatings is very con-venient while providing any construction works as they are taking place underneath the arch. This is not causing any restrictions of movements on the bridge as only a small area under the bridge is oc-cupied. According to different coatings geometry, this kind of technology is being presented based on already existing objects as the examples. The following study proves high efficiency of strength-ening the masonry vaults with the usage of corrugated steel plates.
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Евтушенко, Сергей, Sergey Evtushenko, Тимофей Крахмальный, Timofey Krakhmalnyy, and Марина Крахмальная. "Increase of Safety of Long Being Maintained Bridge Constructions on the Main Channels ­irrigating systems." Construction and Architecture 1, no. 1 (May 1, 2013): 62–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/343.

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It is brought data on a technical condition of modular ferro-concrete bridges, extent to 18–24 m located on a network of meliorative channels of the North Caucasian region. Authors reflected problems of service and repair of bridge constructions of a network of the irrigation canals being on balance of managements of land improvement on an example of administrative units of the Southern federal district.
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Yang, Lei, Kai Feng Zheng, and Jin Zhu. "Study on Influence of Excavation of Metro Station on a Steel Box Girder Bridge." Applied Mechanics and Materials 427-429 (September 2013): 209–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.427-429.209.

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To evaluate the safety of a steel box bridge during the construction of a metro station, the process of excavation which was based on the metro station and its overpass bridge in Chengdu was analyzed. A detailed FE model was established which include the soil, the station and the bridge using general finite element software ALGOR. According to the procedure of the constructing station and completed station, investigating the absolute settlements and differential settlements of the earths surface and foundation in metro station incidence, the effect on the steel box girder overall stress and local stress was analyzed extensively. The results demonstrated that the excavation has a insignificant influence on the deformations and stresses of the steel girder. Thus it provides an important understanding of the interactions of bridge structures and underground constructions.
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32

Shumeyko, V. I., and A. A. Karamysheva. "Stabilization and stiffening of unique longspan bridge transport constructions." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 698 (December 18, 2019): 022033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/698/2/022033.

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33

Žák, Jaroslav. "Principles of Sustainable Development in Highway Engineering." MATEC Web of Conferences 279 (2019): 02018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201927902018.

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The objective of the proposed paper is to gain new knowledge and to verify the existing general knowledge from the area of sustainable development in the bridge and road engineering. The attention is mainly focused on mapping the localities of selected constructions before their commencement or the use of the existing information about these localities, monitoring the selected constructions during their construction and for the relevant period after they are completed. The paper will also describe creation and verification of a model of social acceptability of the construction and performance of economic assessment of the use of natural resources, potential demolition and land reclamation. The connected analyses will concern with the modification of technological procedures of construction to ensure the minimum impact on the surrounding environment.
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Pinka, Miroslav, Martin Stolárik, Roman Fojtík, and Tomáš Novotný. "Seismic Load Analysis around the Temporary Bridge Construction before and after Vibration Mats Installation." Advanced Materials Research 1020 (October 2014): 441–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1020.441.

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Bridges are important element of transport system. If they are damaged, they must be replaced quickly. For this purpose, a number of temporary engineer equipment is used. Also, the bridge in the Czech Republic by small town Hustopeče nad Bečvou was replaced by this way. But the temporary solution has become a permanent solution. Engineer constructions, however, have a number of shortages and therefore, it was decided to modify them using anti-vibration mats. This is the first application of this type of mats, and it is necessary to detect any adverse impact on the bridge and its surroundings. The paper presents an analysis of the dynamic response upper layers of the bridge geological surroundings. The experimental seismic measurements were realized before mats installation and after it. All measurements were performed in amplitude and frequency area and the results were drawn as attenuation curves. The vibrations were also analysed according to the Czech relevant standards.
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Bętkowski, Piotr, and Stefan Pradelok. "Computational analysis of possibility protection of frame bridge object on considerable mining influences." Budownictwo i Architektura 12, no. 2 (June 11, 2013): 007–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.35784/bud-arch.2064.

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Computational analysis of influences of mining exploitation on certain frame object was described in this paper. The mining deformations of the area give rise to additional internal forces in such constructions. The method of static scheme change as a technical solution is discussed, in which the construction that can take additional loads from mining deformations of the area is adapted. The example of computational analysis is given.
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M.Ch. Apsemetov, Z.A. Asymova, А.А. Prihodko, and A.A. Toguztoroev. "ANALYSIS OF DAMAGE TO BUILDINGS AND BRIDGE CONSTRUCTIONS AT STRONG EARTHQUAKES." Herald of KSUCTA n a N Isanov, no. 3 (September 23, 2019): 479–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.35803/1694-5298.2019.3.479-483.

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37

Schaefer, Ronald P. "Demarcating Emai dative constructions." Studies in African Linguistics 42, no. 1 (June 1, 2013): 70–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/sal.v42i1.107275.

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This paper investigates the formal and functional character of a dative relation and two additional structural relations in Emai, an Edoid language of West Benue Congo stock (Bendor-Samuel 1989, Williamson and Blench 2000). Each relation is grammatically expressed by a common morphophoneme. Postverbal particle li/ni marks Emai dative constituents. In addition, li/ni codes a limited range of subordinate clause types within complex sentences, and within noun phrases it designates a subset of modifying constituents. To bridge the common formal marking across these structural relations, we postulate their identification of a semantic ground type (within a figure-ground complex) characterized by spatial collectivity and temporal continuity. Our overall conclusion thus pertains to the function of perspective taking in grammar and its formal marking (Talmy 2000), with special emphasis placed on the dative relation.
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38

Josat, Ole. "Sustainable Bridge Constructions -Elegant arches-filigree structures-cost effective design." IABSE Symposium Report 96, no. 4 (January 1, 2009): 40–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/222137809796088783.

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39

Muc, A., A. Stawiarski, and M. Chwał. "Design of the hybrid FRP/concrete structures for bridge constructions." Composite Structures 247 (September 2020): 112490. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2020.112490.

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40

Valovoi, O. I., O. M. Grytsaienko, and D. V. Popruga. "Technical examination of constructions of reinforced concrete beams foot bridge." Mining Journal of Kryvyi Rih National University, no. 105 (2019): 149–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.31721/2306-5435-2019-1-105-149-154.

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41

Schudlich, A. ‐K, M. Klein, M. Oechsner, J. Grote, and D. Ungermann. "Slip‐resistant connections in hot‐dip galvanized steel bridge constructions." Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 52, no. 2 (February 2021): 202–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.202000159.

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42

Wysokowski, Adam. "Influence of executive imperfections of railway steel bridges construction on operational capacity and fatigue capacity." Budownictwo i Architektura 12, no. 2 (June 11, 2013): 071–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.35784/bud-arch.2075.

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In recent years, in our country are modernized and rebuilt several sections of railway lines, mainly main lines. The greater part is adapted to increased speeds. However, such an adaptation involve the reconstruction or construction of new bridges including steel ones. The paper concerns the executive imperfections of constructions of steel bridges which in recent years have been built in the modernized main railway lines. These imperfections consist of, among others, the geometric imperfections from the assumed construction project. This also applies to defects in welds of various types that occur in critical elements of bridge structure. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the influence of imperfections on the load carrying capacity and fatigue of these structures. Author showed that the observed imperfections have a significant impact on the fatigue life - especially for weld defects, in the case of load carrying capacity their importance is much smaller. These analyses are performed by using the theoretical methods developed in previous reports. In the analysis new standards for the design of steel structures from Eurocodes group were used.
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43

Vlad, Ionut Dorin, and Corina Chiotan. "The Influence of The Static Layout on The Stress and Deformation State for Concrete Arched Bridges with Upper Carriageway." Romanian Journal of Transport Infrastructure 5, no. 2 (December 1, 2016): 61–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rjti-2016-0049.

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Abstract Arch bridges were the first constructions with considerable spans built by man, due to the materials and technologies available at that time. Afterwards, these works of art have diversified and are now solutions used in countless situations, especially when crossing deep valleys.Both their economic and architectonic aspects are hard to combat and have led to selecting this type of structure for more and more locations.The paper will contain a brief presentation of some aspects regarding upper path concrete arch bridges composition and design methods. Also, it will have a case study regarding structural stresses over the different construction stages, and for several support hypotheses.The case study will reflect the Crivadia viaduct, situated on DN 66, at km 150+672. The bridge has a main span of 59.20m and an overall height of 15.00m, serving a 7.80m wide carriageway and two 2.20m wide footways. It has a total length of 107.60m. Based on the results of the case study, conclusions will be drawn regarding stress variation over the construction stages and under different support hypothesis, comparing these with the initial results.
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44

Machelski, Czesław. "The stiffness of bridge structure as performance parameters of communication." Transportation Overview - Przeglad Komunikacyjny 2016, no. 2 (February 1, 2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.35117/a_eng_16_02_01.

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The stiffness of a bridge structure as a utility parameter of transport constructions Bridge structures, according to the project assumptions, must meet the static-strength require-ments included in the service load bearing capacity of a structure. In the case of slender transport structures, an essential condition of usage (deflections) is the stiffness of the struc-ture, which is the subject of the article. In the case of footbridges, their stiffness may be a basic requirement, resulting from the dynamic vulnerability of the structure. The stiffness of an object can be determined on the basis of calculations using a model of a structure. The sec-ond method is the measurement of displacements of an object under a service load, as well as during acceptance tests. Examples given in the paper indicate that the rigidity of an object is a universal technical parameter covering different bridge structures. The value k allows an objec-tive justification of the division of bridge structures into massive and slender constructions.
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Feier, Anamaria, and Oana Roxana Chivu. "Lamellar Tearing Observations Regarding the Application of European Standards in the Field of Welded Steel Constructions." Revista de Chimie 69, no. 6 (July 15, 2018): 1352–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.18.6.6323.

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The problem of corrosion for old steel bridges in operation is often solved by direct replacement of elements or structure. Only a few studies have been done to determine the efforts influenced by corrosion in those elements. In general, it is considered that a corroded element has exceeded the bearing capacity and should be replaced, but if the corroded element is secondary it could be treated and kept. A factor in the rehabilitation of an old steel bridge in operation is the aspect of structure. If the structure is corroded, rehabilitation decision is taken is easier. Lamellar tearing describes the cracking that occurs beneath the weld and can be characterized as a brittle failure of steel, in the direction perpendicular to the plane of rolling. The paper presents a comprehensive study on lamellar tearing and summarizes some conclusions about the prevention of them. The conclusions will be exemplified in the case of a railway bridge, with a main truss girder. The paper presents also some observations regarding the stress analysis in fillet welds, resulting from the engineering practice.
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Ummenhofer, Thomas, Philipp Weidner, and Tim Zinke. "New And Existing Bridge Constructions - Increase of Fatigue Strength of Welded Joints by High Frequency Mechanical Impact Treatment." Romanian Journal of Transport Infrastructure 2, no. 1 (July 1, 2013): 88–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rjti-2015-0013.

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Abstract Numerous studies at KIT prove that high frequency mechanical impact (HFMI) treatment is an efficient method for increasing the fatigue strength of welded steel structures. Within different research projects it was found that HFMI-methods can be used successfully for new and existing structures in order to extend the fatigue life. This paper gives an overview of the current status of existing steel bridges in Germany regarding aspects like bridge age distributions and traffic loads. Based on that overview welded joints susceptible to fatigue failure are identified. Using component-like small scale specimens, HFMI-methods were investigated within the objective of implementing an effective application for new and existing structures. Applying the fatigue test data observed, existing design proposals are evaluated and design recommendations for HFMI-treated joints are given. As a result of the research work, a transfer into practice has been realized and different applications are illustrated using the example of bridge constructions made of steel.
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Rybakova, Anna, and Miloš Kalousek. "Modeling of Details for Single-Layer Wall in a Passive House: The Case of Balcony Slab." Advanced Materials Research 1041 (October 2014): 171–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1041.171.

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The balcony is one of the main reasons of the increased heat loss. The presence of thermal bridge in constructions of balcony envelopes influences the energy consumption, durability of the building envelopes, and also the thermal comfort of occupants. If the balcony construction is performed of a metal back slab it would be hardly possible to avoid the formation of a powerful thermal bridge that will go along the whole balcony length. This problem could be solved by using of thermal insulating element for connecting cantilevered steel components to wall. An investigation into the various performance criteria concerning the effectiveness of steel balcony connections to reinforced concrete wall, has been carried out in our article.
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Bian, Yongming, Jia Jiang, Zhong Jing, Bangxin Han, Anhu Li, and Guangjun Liu. "Design and Application of Hydraulic-Walking Incremental Launching Equipment." Open Construction and Building Technology Journal 7, no. 1 (January 24, 2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874836801307010001.

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This work designs a novel hydraulic-walking incremental launching equipment. The working principle of the equipment is proposed. Considering that the contact in incremental launching construction is a typical elastic contact problem, and changes in contact state will directly affect the stability of the incremental launching, this work proposes the equilibrium equations of computational contact mechanics and numerical analysis method for the incremental launching equipment through analyzing the working process of the equipments. The proposed model and method are applied in the analysis of typical working conditions of the incremental launching of Donghua Bridge. The structural characteristics in the construction process are analyzed and discussed. The analysis results show that the strength and stability of the steel box girder can meet the construction requirements. The incremental launching of Donghua Bridge was completed successfully. The proposed model and method can be used to predict and analyze the structural performance in incremental launching construction as well as provide theoretical reference and analysis method for similar constructions.
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Gridnev, Sergey, Yuri Skalko, and Alexandr Shimanovsky. "Modeling of Constructions’ Structurally Nonlinear Oscillations Using Chebyshev's Polynomials." Mechanics 26, no. 4 (September 15, 2020): 331–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.mech.26.4.24214.

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A numerical algorithm for solving initial-boundary value problems with nonlinear boundary conditions was developed and implemented. The algorithm is constructed with reference to modeling of oscillations of an elastically supported deformable rod with limit stops at the ends under the action of a moving variable force. Such a rod is the design scheme of a number of building structures, including the span structure of a floating bridge of continuous system with limiting rigid supports at the ends. Chebyshev's polynomials were used to improve the computational schemes for realizing the practical problems of modeling constructive-nonlinear oscillations of building structures. The solution does not lose stability for large values of the elasticity coefficients of elastic couplings. Using the developed approach, it is possible to perform virtual computing experiments to skip a variety of movable loads on the floating bridge to analyze its deformed state and to make well-grounded design decisions.
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Belyi, Andrei, Aleksei Baranovskii, Dmitrii Vorobiev, Kirill Dolinskii, Leonid Dyachenko, and German Osadchiy. "Design and organisation of structural health monitoring system on high-speed railway bridge constructions." Proceedings of Petersburg Transport University, no. 2 (June 20, 2017): 211–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.20295/1815-588x-2017-2-211-222.

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Objective: Structural health monitoring actions designing for high-speed railway engineering constructions to decrease risk of loss consumer properties of bearing designs Methods: The analysis and accounting of the specific conditions and impacts inherent in constructions of high-speed railways, in total with the existing normative and regulatory documents, and also international background of design and development of structural health monitoring systems on bridge objects. The system approach to the solution of the formulated purpose which is expressed in preparation of the project decisions that are based on the integrated principles of functioning of developed structural health monitoring system. Results: Project decisions on structural health monitoring system of high-speed railway Moscow-Kazan-Yekaterinburg constructions were made. In particular, the actions for the monitoring organization on the unified designs of superstructures and piers (including their separate elements) are developed, considering both static and dynamic components of impacts and loadings being planned. The key parameters subject to monitoring are: absolute and relative designs shift; dynamic characteristics; the stressed-deformed condition of superstructure, piles, a rail and rail temperature. Practical importance: The actions, developed by authors and stated in the article, for design and organization of bridge constructions structural health monitoring on high-speed railways have no analogs in domestic practice so far. Cost efficiency and the unified approach to the proposed solutions were considered as of primary importance in the given study. From the practical point of view, in the future, these actions will make it possible to provide and support the set standard (project) levels of reliability, safety and durability of bridge constructions
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