Academic literature on the topic 'Bridge deterioration'

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Journal articles on the topic "Bridge deterioration"

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Huang, Rong Yau, and Ping Fu Chen. "The Influential Factors and Association Rules for Bridge Deck Deterioration - Case Study of National Bridge Inventory Data." Applied Mechanics and Materials 94-96 (September 2011): 2276–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.94-96.2276.

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Bridge is the hub of a road, playing an important role in transportation. With the age of bridges increasing in recent years, the condition of bridges is deteriorating. Bridge deterioration usually results from multiple factors. Studies in exploring the factors leading to bridge deterioration and its state estimation are booming. However, studies in the relationship between bridge deterioration and external environment by using database are still limited. Since 1992, National Bridge Inventory (NBI) has collected basic and historical information of bridges in every state, a very rich database w
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Xia, Ye, Xiaoming Lei, Peng Wang, and Limin Sun. "Artificial Intelligence Based Structural Assessment for Regional Short- and Medium-Span Concrete Beam Bridges with Inspection Information." Remote Sensing 13, no. 18 (2021): 3687. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13183687.

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The functional and structural characteristics of civil engineering works, in particular bridges, influence the performance of transport infrastructure. Remote sensing technology and other advanced technologies could help bridge managers review structural conditions and deteriorations through bridge inspection. This paper proposes an artificial intelligence-based methodology to solve the condition assessment of regional bridges and optimize their maintenance schemes. It includes data integration, condition assessment, and maintenance optimization. Data from bridge inspection reports is the main
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Gallagher, K. A. "Concrete bridge deterioration." Construction and Building Materials 3, no. 4 (1989): 184–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0950-0618(89)90012-3.

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An, Xin Zheng, Cheng Yi, and Rui Xue Du. "Performance Deterioration Behavior of Existing Reinforced Concrete Bridges." Advanced Materials Research 79-82 (August 2009): 1367–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.79-82.1367.

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The analyses of concrete from a bridge in Handan district shows that most bridges concrete should have cracked. The study of the technical measures against the performance deterioration of existing reinforced concrete bridges will undoubtedly become an imperative issue. In recent years, lots of bridges have been built in Handan. We choose a reinforced concrete bridge to investigate the effect of the effective member stiffness degradation and durability degradation induced by vehicle overload, vehicle overflow, rebar corrosion, and concrete deterioration on highway reinforced concrete bridges.
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Kim, Ki Hwan, Moon S. Nam, Hoon Hee Hwang, and Ki Yong Ann. "Prediction of Remaining Life for Bridge Decks Considering Deterioration Factors and Propose of Prioritization Process for Bridge Deck Maintenance." Sustainability 12, no. 24 (2020): 10625. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su122410625.

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Aged highway bridges have become substantially prevalent in recent years. Moreover, combined deterioration, caused by using deicing agents in winter, has led to increased bridge maintenance costs. Accordingly, to extend the service life of bridge decks, this study utilized actual inspection data and major deterioration factors to derive the remaining service life of bridge decks. Based on this study, the following three factors are selected: deicing agent exposure grade, pavement condition state, and surface improvement status. Performance degradation curves were derived for 11 cases that cons
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Fang, Yu, and Lijun Sun. "Developing A Semi-Markov Process Model for Bridge Deterioration Prediction in Shanghai." Sustainability 11, no. 19 (2019): 5524. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11195524.

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The performance of urban bridges will deteriorate gradually throughout service life. Bridge deterioration prediction is essential for bridge management, especially for maintenance planning and decision-making. By considering the time-dependent reliability in the bridge deterioration process, a Weibull distribution based semi-Markov process model for urban bridge deterioration prediction was proposed in this paper. Historical inspection records stored in the Bridge Manage System (BMS) database in Shanghai since 2004 were investigated. The Weibull distribution was used to characterize the bridge
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Li, Li, Lijun Sun, and Guobao Ning. "Deterioration Prediction of Urban Bridges on Network Level Using Markov-Chain Model." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/728107.

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Bridges play an important role in urban transportation network. However, it is hard to predict the bridge deterioration precisely in Shanghai, because records of various bridge types with different maintenance status coexist in the same database and the bridge age span is also large. Therefore a Markov-chain model capable of considering maintenance factors is proposed in this study. Three deterioration circumstances are modeled including natural decay, conventional recoverable decay, and enhanced recoverable decay. Three components as well as the whole bridge are predicted including bridge dec
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Hearn, George. "Use of Bridge Element Condition Reports to Measure Performance of Bridge Preservation." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2612, no. 1 (2017): 141–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2612-16.

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A method to measure the performance of bridge preservation through the use of bridge–level element condition reports is demonstrated. The performance measure makes bridge-by-bridge evaluations of the relative conditions of elements that are major assemblies of bridges and elements that affect the exposure of major assemblies to deterioration. In an evaluation of performance, a bridge can be in a state of good preservation, at risk of deteriorating to poor condition, or already in poor condition. Bridge condition reports from 50 U.S. states are used in this evaluation of the performance of brid
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Lokuge, Weena, Nirdosha Gamage, and Sujeeva Setunge. "Fault tree analysis method for deterioration of timber bridges using an Australian case study." Built Environment Project and Asset Management 6, no. 3 (2016): 332–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bepam-01-2016-0001.

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Purpose – Deterioration of timber bridges can often be related to a number of deficiencies in the bridge elements, connectors and/or as a result of been in aggressive environments which they are exposed to. The maintenance cost of timber bridges is affected significantly by a number of deterioration mechanisms which require a systematic approach for diagnosis and treatment. Evaluating the risk of failure of these bridges is of importance in bridge performance assessment and decision making to optimize rehabilitation options. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach –
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Althaqafi, Essam, and Eddie Chou. "Developing Bridge Deterioration Models Using an Artificial Neural Network." Infrastructures 7, no. 8 (2022): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/infrastructures7080101.

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The condition of a bridge is critical in quality evaluations and justifying the significant costs incurred by maintaining and repairing bridge infrastructures. Using bridge management systems, the department of transportation in the United States is currently supervising the construction and renovations of thousands of bridges. The inability to obtain funding for the current infrastructures, such that they comply with the requirements identified as part of maintenance, repair, and rehabilitation (MR&R), makes such bridge management systems critical. Bridge management systems facilitate dec
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Bridge deterioration"

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Morcous, George. "Case-based reasoning for modeling bridge deterioration." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0011/NQ59227.pdf.

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Bu, Guoping. "Development of an Integrated Deterioration Method for Long-Term Bridge Performance Prediction." Thesis, Griffith University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365712.

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The efficient use of public funds for the structural integrity of bridge networks requires the implementation of an effective Bridge Management System (BMS). However, for long-term planning strategies in current asset management practice, there are some fundamental shortcomings associated with the health status of bridge elements. Although extensive research have been carried out to improve the overall quality of BMS outcomes, existing deterministic and probabilistic/stochastic deterioration modelling techniques are still limited in scope and application. This is attributable to a number of re
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Itoh, Yoshito, Haosheng Gu, Kazuya Satoh, and Yoshihisa Yamamoto. "Long-term Deterioration of High Damping Rubber Bridge Bearing." 土木学会, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/7459.

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Zou, Tao. "Non-Destructive Bridge Deck Condition Assessment with a Probability-Based Deterioration Threshold." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/49384.

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Deterioration of bridge decks is an ongoing problem faced by transportation agencies across the country. In past decades, Non-Destructive Evaluation (NDE) techniques, capable of detecting various deteriorations types, e.g., cracking, delamination and reinforcing steel corrosion, have emerged. These techniques generate large amounts of data representing different underlying physics, (decibels for ground penetrating radar and volts for half-cell potential), making data interpretation and comparison difficult for bridge owners and practitioners. The deterioration threshold, or the transition betw
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Narayanappa, Harish. "Investigating bridge deck deterioration using failure analysis technique and Markov chains." Master's thesis, This resource online, 1990. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-01262010-020053/.

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Chang, Minwoo. "Investigating and Improving Bridge Management System Methodologies Under Uncertainty." DigitalCommons@USU, 2016. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/5039.

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This dissertation presents a novel procedure to select explanatory variables, without the influence of human bias, for deterioration model development using National Bridge Inventory (NBI) data. Using NBI information, including geometric data and climate information, candidate explanatory variables can be converted into normalized numeric values and analyzed prior to the development of deterministic or stochastic deterioration models. The prevailing approach for explanatory variable selection is to use expert opinion solicited from experienced engineers. This may introduce human influenced bia
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Karimi, Ali Reza. "Probabilistic assessment of deterioration and strength of concrete bridge beams and slabs." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.540519.

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A probabilistic based assessment procedure for the prediction of the remaining service life of reinforced concrete bridge beams and slabs subject to reinforcement corrosion has been developed. By modelling the corrosion of reinforcement as a two stage process consisting of an initiation period and a propagation period, analytical methods have been developed and used to estimate the probability of failure with time for a number of limit states. The most common form of deterioration has been identified as the corrosion of reinforcement due to the ingress of chloride ions from de-icing salts appl
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Son, Jungbaeg. "Development of Reliable Long-term Bridge Deterioration Model using Neural Network Techniques." Thesis, Griffith University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367833.

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Bridges are vital components of any road network which demand crucial and timely decision-making for Maintenance, Repair and Rehabilitation (MR&R) activities. Bridge Management Systems (BMSs) as a Decision Support System (DSS), have been developed since the early 1990’s to assist in the management of a large bridge network. Historical condition ratings obtained from biennial bridge inspections are major resources for predicting future bridge deteriorations via BMSs. Available historical condition ratings in most bridge agencies, however, are very limited, and thus posing a major barrier for p
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Callow, Daniel John. "Optimisation of the Neural Network Process for an Improved Bridge Deterioration Model." Thesis, Griffith University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367038.

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Infrastructure maintenance is a vital aspect for any country to ensure safety and reliability of its infrastructure and the population which use these assets. To ensure that the highest degree of maintenance is performed and recorded for infrastructure, Bridge Management Systems (BMSs) have been developed to allow bridge agencies to have an effective means to determine and understand the best decisions to make for infrastructure maintenance. Various models have been developed for the BMS with the most typical approach being the stochastic Markovian-based method, using currently retrieved bridg
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Ahamdi, Hossein. "Concrete Bridge Deck Aging, Inspection and Maintenance." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1513292224089599.

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Books on the topic "Bridge deterioration"

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Doody, Michael E. Bridge substructure concrete deterioration. Engineering Research and Development Bureau, New York State Dept. of Transportation, 1991.

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Gucunski, Nenad. Nondestructive testing to identify concrete bridge deck deterioration. Transportation Research Board, 2013.

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Gucunski, Nenad, Arezoo Imani, Francisco Romero, et al. Nondestructive Testing to Identify Concrete Bridge Deck Deterioration. Transportation Research Board, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.17226/22771.

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Babaei, Khossrow. Development of durable anchorage systems for bridge expansion joints: Final report, Research Project GC 8286, Task 19, Bridge--expansion joint anchorage. Washington State Dept. of Transportation, Planning, Research and Public Transportation Division, in cooperation with the U.S. Dept. of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, 1989.

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Babaei, Khossrow. Evaluation of bridge deck protective strategies. Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, 1987.

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Manning, David G. Detecting defects and deterioration in highway structures. Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, 1985.

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Satish, Chandra. Influence of pollution on mortar and concrete. Swedish Council for Building Research, 1990.

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Leming, Michael L. Investigation of differences in deterioration of two North Carolina bridges due to alkali-silica reactivity (ASR). North Carolina State University, Center for Transportation Engineering Studies, 1999.

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Philip D. Cady International Symposium (1993 Minneapolis, Minn.). Concrete bridges in aggressive environments: Philip D. Cady International Symposium. Edited by Weyers Richard E and Cady P. D. 1933-. American Concrete Institute, 1994.

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Viramontes, Francisco Javier Carrión. Evaluación y detección de daño en estructuras utilizando un método inverso por sub-dominios. Secretaría de Comunicaciones y Transportes, Instituto Mexicano del Transporte, 2001.

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Book chapters on the topic "Bridge deterioration"

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Cairns, John. "An Analysis of the Behaviour of Reinforced Concrete Beams Following Deterioration and Repair." In Bridge Management. Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-7232-3_56.

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Liu, Kaijian, and Nora El-Gohary. "Learning from Class-Imbalanced Bridge and Weather Data for Supporting Bridge Deterioration Prediction." In Advances in Informatics and Computing in Civil and Construction Engineering. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-00220-6_90.

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Belcore, Elena, Vincenzo Di Pietra, Nives Grasso, et al. "Towards a FOSS Automatic Classification of Defects for Bridges Structural Health Monitoring." In Communications in Computer and Information Science. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94426-1_22.

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AbstractBridges are among the most important structures of any road network. During their service life, they are subject to deterioration which may reduce their safety and functionality. The detection of bridge damage is necessary for proper maintenance activities. To date, assessing the health status of the bridge and all its elements is carried out by identifying a series of data obtained from visual inspections, which allows the mapping of the deterioration situation of the work and its conservation status. There are, however, situations where visual inspection may be difficult or impossible, especially in critical areas of bridges, such as the ceiling and corners. In this contribution, the authors acquire images using a prototype drone with a low-cost camera mounted upward over the body of the drone. The proposed solution was tested on a bridge in the city of Turin (Italy). The captured data was processed via photogrammetric process using the open-source Micmac solution. Subsequently, a procedure was developed with FOSS tools for the segmentation of the orthophoto of the intrados of the bridge and the automatic classification of some defects found on the analyzed structure. The paper describes the adopted approach showing the effectiveness of the proposed methodology.
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Jean, Y. C., H. Cao, R. Zhang, et al. "Characterization of Physical and Chemical Deterioration of Polymeric Bridge Coatings." In ACS Symposium Series. American Chemical Society, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2002-0805.ch015.

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Šomodíková, M., O. Slowik, D. Lehký, and J. Doležel. "Deterioration-based probabilistic assessment of design resistance of railway bridge." In Bridge Safety, Maintenance, Management, Life-Cycle, Resilience and Sustainability. CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003322641-38.

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Torres, Matias, Leonardo Cifuentes, Mauricio Pradena, and Peter Dechent. "Influence of Bridge Deterioration on Its Natural Frequencies and Serviceability." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-91877-4_144.

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Walgama Wellalage, N. K., Tieling Zhang, Richard Dwight, and Khaled El-Akruti. "Bridge Deterioration Modeling by Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) Simulation Method." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-09507-3_47.

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Ames, I., L. S. Moreira, A. T. Beck, H. Carvalho, T. N. Bittencourt, and M. M. Futai. "Evaluation of deterioration modeling of corroded reinforced concrete railway bridges under uncertainty." In Bridge Safety, Maintenance, Management, Life-Cycle, Resilience and Sustainability. CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003322641-288.

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Fukuda, M., K. C. Chang, H. Nakayama, et al. "Assessing Deterioration of an In-field RC Bridge Deck by AE Tomography." In Springer Proceedings in Physics. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-29052-2_25.

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Amunugama, A. R. M. H. B., and U. B. Attanayake. "Causal evaluation of fascia beam deterioration in a fleet of PC I-beam bridges." In Bridge Safety, Maintenance, Management, Life-Cycle, Resilience and Sustainability. CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003322641-25.

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Conference papers on the topic "Bridge deterioration"

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Clonts, Sasha, Lia Cooley, Peter Freitag, and Bryan Soltis. "Virginia Bridge Deterioration Factors." In 2019 Systems and Information Engineering Design Symposium (SIEDS). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sieds.2019.8735618.

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Samali, Bijan, Jianchun Li, and Khalid Aboura. "Monitoring Bridge Deterioration Using Sensors." In 2008 Third International Conference on Broadband Communications, Information Technology & Biomedical Applications. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/broadcom.2008.70.

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Lei, Xiaoming, Ye Xia, and Limin Sun. "Validation and Updating of Regional Bridge Deterioration Model Incorporating Structural Health Monitoring." In IABSE Congress, Nanjing 2022: Bridges and Structures: Connection, Integration and Harmonisation. International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/nanjing.2022.1171.

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<p>Civil infrastructure has aided economic development and social progress. Existing reinforced concrete beam bridges undoubtedly suffer the damages due to loads, structural defects, etc. To increase the accuracy of safety assessments, a reliable bridge deterioration model is required. This study presents a technique for validating and updating the regional bridge deterioration model by using monitoring data from a few bridges in the area. This method avoids data-level fusion and instead employs model-level fusion. In model validation, it makes full use of the depth of individual bridge
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Johannessen, Darby, Tim Heldt, Neal Lake, Hanson Ngo, and Joshua Frew. "Long-term monitoring of a progressively deteriorating bridge to support safe operation." In IABSE Congress, Christchurch 2021: Resilient technologies for sustainable infrastructure. International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/christchurch.2021.0927.

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<p>Gradual deterioration of concrete structures due to alkali-silica reaction (ASR) and other mechanisms is a worldwide issue which is especially concerning for bridges. Currently, the point at which such deterioration begins to significantly impact structural capacity is not clearly defined. In this study, long-term continuous strain monitoring instrumentation was installed on a deteriorating Queensland bridge in order to monitor structural performance and support ongoing management. Short-term conventional instrumentation was also installed, and a grillage model was developed in order
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Hu, Xi, and Kaijian Liu. "Structural Deterioration Knowledge Ontology for Supporting Adaptive Intelligence-Based Bridge Deterioration Prediction." In ASCE International Conference on Computing in Civil Engineering 2021. American Society of Civil Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784483893.088.

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Obama, Kengo, Kiyoyuki Kaito, and Kiyoshi Kobayashi. "Mixed Poisson Deterioration Model for Bridge Management." In 2013 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics (SMC 2013). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/smc.2013.681.

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You, Jungbhin, Jongho Park, Cheong Lee, Sunkyu Park, and Sungnam Hong. "Analysis of expressway bridge deck slab deterioration." In THE 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MECHANICS, MATERIALS AND STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING 2018 (ICMMSE2018). Author(s), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5047119.

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Aboura, Khalid, Bijan Samali, Keith Crews, and Jianchun Li. "Stochastic Deterioration Processes for Bridge Lifetime Assessment." In 2008 Third International Conference on Broadband Communications, Information Technology & Biomedical Applications. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/broadcom.2008.6.

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Liu, Kaijian, and Nora El-Gohary. "A Smart Bridge Data Analytics Framework for Enhanced Bridge Deterioration Prediction." In Construction Research Congress 2020. American Society of Civil Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784482865.126.

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Fagundo, Fernando E. "The Peace River Bridge—Causes of Deck Deterioration." In Second Forensic Engineering Congress. American Society of Civil Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40482(280)43.

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Reports on the topic "Bridge deterioration"

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Moomen, Milhan, Yu Qiao, Bismark Agbelie, Samuel Labi, and Kumares Sinha. Bridge Deterioration Models to Support Indiana’s Bridge Management System. Purdue University, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284316348.

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Fu, Gongkang. Evaluation of Illinois Bridge Deterioration Models. Illinois Center for Transportation, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/21-029.

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The National Bridge Inventory bridge inspection system ranks the condition of bridge components on a scale of zero to nine. The resulting condition ratings represent an important element considered in deciding measures for bridge maintenance, repair, and rehabilitation. Thus, forecasting future condition ratings well is critical to reliable planning for these activities and estimating the costs. The Illinois Department of Transportation currently has deterministic models for this purpose. This study’s objective is to review the current models using condition rating histories gathered from 1980
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Groeneveld, Andrew B., Stephanie G. Wood, and Edgardo Ruiz. Estimating Bridge Reliability by Using Bayesian Networks. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/39601.

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As part of an inspection, bridge inspectors assign condition ratings to the main components of a bridge’s structural system and identify any defects that they observe. Condition ratings are necessarily somewhat subjective, as they are influenced by the experience of the inspectors. In the current work, procedures were developed for making inferences on the reliability of reinforced concrete girders with defects at both the cross section and the girder level. The Bayesian network (BN) tools constructed in this work use simple structural m echanics to model the capacity of girders. By using expe
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Pevey, Jon M., William B. Rich, Christopher S. Williams, and Robert J. Frosch. Repair and Strengthening of Bridges in Indiana Using Fiber Reinforced Polymer Systems: Volume 1–Review of Current FRP Repair Systems and Application Methodologies. Purdue University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317309.

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For bridges that are experiencing deterioration, action is needed to ensure the structural performance is adequate for the demands imposed. Innovate repair and strengthening techniques can provide a cost-effective means to extend the service lives of bridges efficiently and safely. The use of fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) systems for the repair and strengthening of concrete bridges is increasing in popularity. Recognizing the potential benefits of the widespread use of FRP, a research project was initiated to determine the most appropriate applications of FRP in Indiana and provide recommenda
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Rich, William B., Robert R. Jacobs, Christopher S. Williams, and Robert J. Frosch. Repair and Strengthening of Bridges in Indiana Using Fiber Reinforced Polymer Systems: Volume 2–FRP Flexural Strengthening and End Region Repair Experimental Programs. Purdue University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317310.

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For bridges that are experiencing deterioration, action is needed to ensure the structural performance is adequate for the demands imposed. Innovate repair and strengthening techniques can provide a cost-effective means to efficiently and safely extend the service lives of bridges. The use of fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) systems for the repair and strengthening of concrete bridges is increasing in popularity. Recognizing the potential benefits of the widespread use of FRP, a research project was initiated to determine the most appropriate applications of FRP in Indiana and provide recommenda
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Andrawes, Bassem, Ernesto Perez Claros, and Zige Zhang. Bond Characteristics and Experimental Behavior of Textured Epoxy-coated Rebars Used in Concrete Bridge Decks. Illinois Center for Transportation, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/22-001.

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The deterioration of bridge decks is a problem typically associated with the corrosion of the reinforcing steel. This issue was partially controlled during the 1970s with the incorporation of the epoxy-coating protection system. However, research later demonstrated that the smooth surface resulting from the epoxy-coating application reduces most of the friction between the rebar and the surrounding concrete. Consequently, forces acting on the rib faces are reconfigured in such a way that the radial components increase, triggering the early development of cracks. To mitigate both the reduction
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Sotelino, Elisa, and Ming-Hung Teng. Strengthening of Deteriorating Decks of Highway Bridges in Indiana Using FRPC. Purdue University, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284313325.

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Huang, Cihang, Yen-Fang Su, and Na Lu. Self-Healing Cementitious Composites (SHCC) with Ultrahigh Ductility for Pavement and Bridge Construction. Purdue University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317403.

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Cracks and their formations in concrete structures have been a common and long-lived problem, mainly due to the intrinsic brittleness of the concrete. Concrete structures, such as rigid pavement and bridge decks, are prone to deformations and deteriorations caused by shrinkage, temperature fluctuation, and traffic load, which can affect their service life. Rehabilitation of concrete structures is expensive and challenging—not only from maintenance viewpoints but also because they cannot be used for services during maintenance. It is critical to significantly improve the ductility of concrete t
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Soriano Somarriba, Edgar Oscary, and Mark D. Bowman. Pack Rust: Mitigation Strategy Effectiveness. Purdue University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317373.

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Abstract:
As of 2013, the damage caused by corrosion on highway bridges has been estimated to cost approximately 14 billion dollars annually, and this cost has been increasing over the years. Corrosion is one of the natural phenomena that has been slowly deteriorating infrastructure systems across the United States. One of the most problematic types of corrosion is crevice corrosion, which is defined as the formation of rust between overlapping surfaces, such as the case of a splice connection where flanges are attached by splice plates. A significant number of steel bridges in Indiana have developed cr
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