Academic literature on the topic 'Bridge prosthetics'

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Journal articles on the topic "Bridge prosthetics"

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Kazakova, Rada. "REVOLUTIONIZING FIXED PROSTHETIC DENTISTRY: THE ROLE OF 3D PRINTING IN CROWN AND BRIDGE FABRICATION." Deutsche internationale Zeitschrift für zeitgenössische Wissenschaft 78 (April 21, 2024): 33–34. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11004786.

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This comprehensive article explores the transformative impact of 3D printing technology on fixed prosthetic dentistry, with a focus on crown and bridge fabrication. Through an extensive review of recent literature, we investigate the advantages, challenges, and advancements associated with integrating 3D printing in dental prosthetics. 
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Llaka, Ernest, Igor Voronov, Dzhamilya Sahabieva, and Igor' Lebedenko. "CLINICAL APPROBATION OF THE USE OF MONOLITHIC BRIDGE PROSTHESIS MADE OF TRANSLUCENT ZIRCONIUM DIOXIDE ZICERAM T." Actual problems in dentistry 17, no. 4 (2022): 120–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.18481/2077-7566-21-17-4-120-124.

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Two-year clinical results of prosthetics with monolithic ceramic bridge-shaped dentures made of three types of translucent zirconium dioxide were studied: "Ziceram T" (Zircon Ceramics, Russia), "CirCad MT" (Ivoclar Vivadent, Liechtenstein), "Upcera ST" (Upcera, China). A total of 23 patients with 38 bridge-shaped dentures with a total of 245 dental units fixed on intraosseous implants (20 prostheses), depulpated teeth (12 prostheses) or vital teeth (6 prostheses) were under dynamic observation. The analysis of clinical results indicates the high quality of the treatment and the absence of func
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Verma, Deepak. "Development of a Mechatronic Prosthetic Limb with Sensory Feedback." Mathematical Statistician and Engineering Applications 70, no. 1 (2021): 378–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/msea.v70i1.2486.

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The development of mechatronic prosthetic limbs with sensory feedback has gained significant attention in recent years due to its potential to improve the quality of life for individuals with limb loss. This research aims to address the limitations of conventional prosthetic limbs by integrating advanced mechatronic systems with sensory feedback mechanisms. The objective is to create a prosthetic limb that can closely replicate the functionality and sensory experience of a natural limb, enhancing the user's proprioception, dexterity, and overall user satisfaction.To achieve this goal, a multid
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Dinh, Xuan Thu, Thi Tuyet Nguyen, and Dien Bien Nguyen. "Initial evaluation of some results after fixed spherical-capture-pivot restorationsat the 108 Military Central Hospitalfrom April 2020 to October 2021." Ministry of Science and Technology, Vietnam 65, no. 7 (2023): 26–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.31276/vjst.65(7).26-29.

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The study aimed to evaluate the status of fixed spherical-capture-pivot restorations on patients who came for denture prosthetics at the Dental Department, 108 Military Central Hospital, from April 2020 to October 2021. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 33 patients who came to examine and do fixed prosthetics at the Dental Department. Results showed that proportion by age and sex: male 45.5%, female 54.5%, type of prosthetic material: metal 13.3%, metal coated with porcelain 73.4%, full porcelain 8.3%, metal with acrylic resin 5.0%. After 3 months, chewing function was good
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Murić, Almina, Demet Cagil Ayvalioglu, and Bilge Gokcen Rohlig. "Prosthetic Rehabilitation of Cleft Lip Palate with Andrews Bridge Modified as Obturator Prosthesis: Case Report." Balkan Journal of Dental Medicine 24, no. 1 (2020): 57–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bjdm-2020-0010.

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SummaryBackground/Aim: Congenital defects such as cleft palate and lips require a long-lasting and multidisciplinary approach. In cases when surgical and orthodontic treatment is not feasible, prosthodontic management of these patients is advocated. Prosthetic rehabilitation of cleft palate in concerning of achieving aesthetic and function (such as swallowing and speech) outcomes is very demanding.Case report: Material and method: After performing the necessary surgical procedures and orthodontic treatment, 24-years-old male patient was sent to the Department for Maxillofacial Prosthetics of I
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Bilobrov, R. V. "COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ABUTMENT TOOTH CONDITION WITH STUMP INLAYS OVER VARIED USAGE PERIODS." Актуальні проблеми сучасної медицини: Вісник Української медичної стоматологічної академії 24, no. 1 (2024): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.31718/2077-1096.24.1.32.

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The aim of this study is to compare the condition of abutment teeth restored with stump inlays over different periods of use by applying periotestometry and radiography findings.
 Materials and methods. Ninety-six patients with extensively decayed dental crowns, including low crowns, were examined and treated. The patients were divided into two groups: Group A (main group, standard method for inlays) and Group B (control group, domestic ashless plastic used for modeling). Each group was further divided into three subgroups: A1 and B1 (single-rooted teeth with different crown types), A2 an
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Cullen, Sean, Ruth Mackay, Amir Mohagheghi, and Xinli Du. "Low-Cost Smartphone Photogrammetry Accurately Digitises Positive Socket and Limb Casts." Prosthesis 5, no. 4 (2023): 1382–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/prosthesis5040095.

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Digitising prosthetic sockets and moulds is critical for advanced fabrication techniques enabling reduced lead times, advanced computer modelling, and personalised design history. Current 3D scanners are expensive (>GBP 5000) and difficult to use, restricting their use by prosthetists. In this paper, we explore the use and accuracy of smartphone photogrammetry (<GBP 1000) as an accessible means of digitising rectified socket moulds. A reversed digital twin method was used for evaluating accuracy, in addition to simplified genetic algorithms to identify an optimal technique. The identifie
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Kim, Ji Hye, and Jae-myeong Lee. "Lost Dental Bridges During ICU Stay." Journal of Acute Care Surgery 12, no. 1 (2022): 43–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.17479/jacs.2022.12.1.43.

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Oral care is easily neglected in patients in an intensive care unit (ICU) because they are often intubated or have altered mental status. Although care workers pay careful attention to the mouth, tooth loss often occurs in the ICU. Here we report 3 cases of dental bridge loss undetected by the ICU staff. One patient was under mechanical ventilation via an endotracheal tube after emergency intubation, whilst 2 patients were drowsy but not intubated. Consecutive chest X-rays revealed dental bridge loss in all 3 cases, but this was not identified immediately. Along with other critical management
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Klymiuk, Yu V., Z. R. Ozhogan, L. V. Miziuk, V. M. Kryvanych, and I. V. Yanishen. "Orthopedic treatment with fixed dentures taking into account the distribution and causes of defects in dental hard tissues." Pathologia 18, no. 1 (2021): 112–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.14739/2310-1237.2021.1.222967.

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The aim of this work was to analyze the causes of complications of orthopedic treatment of dentition defects with metal-ceramic crowns and non-removable metal-ceramic bridges. Materials and methods. A total of 140 patients aged 34 to 49 years were examined during the work, who underwent the production of both single metal-ceramic crowns and non-removable metal-ceramic bridges. All patients were divided into 2 groups (70 patients each): the first one included patients with vital abutment teeth, the second one – with depulped. The abutment teeth had a different functional state – they were fille
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Buentsov, I. O., and A. M. Nesterov. "Clinical justification of the use of a three-part two-support bridge prosthesis." Bulletin of the Medical Institute "REAVIZ" (REHABILITATION, DOCTOR AND HEALTH) 13, no. 5 (2023): 161–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.20340/vmi-rvz.2023.5.dent.1.

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Describes the relevance of the use of fixed orthopedic structures in prosthetics of patients with partial absence of teeth. Clinical features of orthopedic rehabilitation of a patient with this pathology are revealed. The results of a computational experiment on choosing the optimal sizes of the supporting parts of a three-part bridge prosthesis are presented. The technology of manufacturing a bridge prosthesis is described and the nearest clinical results of treatment of this disease are given.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Bridge prosthetics"

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Atta, M. O. A. "A comparative study of the bond strength of chemical and mechanical retention systems for direct bonded bridge retainers." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.320471.

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Books on the topic "Bridge prosthetics"

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Tealdo, Tiziano. Columbus bridge protocol: Surgical and prosthetic guidelines for an immediately loaded, implant-supported prothesis in the endentulous maxilla / Tiziano Tealdo, Marco Bevilacqua, Paolo Pera ; translation by Genni Anna Genobbio. Quintessenza Edizioni, 2012.

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Fancourt, Daisy. Fact file 2: Dentistry. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198792079.003.0015.

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Dentistry involves the study, diagnosis, prevention, and/or treatment of diseases, disorders, and conditions of the oral cavity, including the teeth, gums, and tissues. Dentistry is thought to be one of the first areas of specialization to emerge from medicine, with evidence of drilled teeth dating back 9,000 years. The most common conditions treated within dentistry involve tooth decay (dental caries) and gum disease (periodontal disease), with common dental procedures including x-rays, restorative treatments (such as fillings, crowns, and bridges), prosthetics (dentures), orthodontics (such
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Tarr, Anita, and Donna R. White, eds. Posthumanism in Young Adult Fiction. University Press of Mississippi, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.14325/mississippi/9781496816696.001.0001.

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Posthumanism in Young Adult Fiction: Finding Humanity in a Posthuman World, edited by Anita Tarr and Donna White, is a collection of twelve essays analyzing young adult science fiction and fantasy in terms of how representative contemporary YA books’ authors describe and their characters portray elements of posthumanist attitudes. The authors give a brief survey of theorists’ discussions of how posthumanism rejects—but does not entirely forsake—liberal humanist tenets. Primarily, posthumanism calls for embracing the Other, eliminating binaries that separate human and nonhuman, human and nature
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Book chapters on the topic "Bridge prosthetics"

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Mondrzejewska, Alicja, Anna Ziębowicz, Bohdan Bączkowski, and Marta Rybarska. "Periimplantitis as the Cause of Separation the Prosthetic Bridge Based on Implant." In Innovations in Biomedical Engineering. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47154-9_8.

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Samuthira Pandi, V. "Development of reinforcement learning-based prosthetics that dynamically adapt to user movement patterns." In The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Advanced Prosthetics and Implantable Devices. RADemics Research Institute, 2025. https://doi.org/10.71443/9789349552975-12.

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The advancement of reinforcement learning (RL)-based prosthetics has revolutionized assistive technology by enabling real-time adaptation to user movement patterns and environmental variations. Traditional prosthetic devices often lack the ability to dynamically adjust to biomechanical and physiological differences, leading to suboptimal gait efficiency and reduced user comfort. This book chapter explores the integration of reinforcement learning frameworks with multimodal sensor fusion, adaptive control mechanisms, and biomechanical modeling to develop prosthetic systems capable of intelligen
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Pasupuleti, Murali Krishna. "Multisensory AI for Assistive Technology: Enhancing Accessibility and Immersive Experiences in Education and Healthcare." In Multisensory AI for Assistive Technology. National Education Services, 2025. https://doi.org/10.62311/nesx/77593.

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Abstract: This chapter explores the transformative role of multisensory AI in assistive technology, focusing on enhancing accessibility and immersive experiences in education and healthcare. By integrating sensory modalities such as vision, hearing, and touch, AI-driven systems provide adaptive solutions for individuals with disabilities. The chapter examines applications like AI-powered learning tools, immersive AR/VR environments, smart prosthetics, and real-time health monitoring. It also addresses ethical challenges, including privacy and scalability, while highlighting future innovations
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Davies, Mark G., Tam T. T. Huynh, and Per Otto Hagen. "Pathophysiology of access failure." In Hemodialysis Vascular Access: Practice and problems. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192629425.003.0003.

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Abstract Autogenous arteriovenous fistulas remain the preferred conduit for dialysis access. Most patients will require a prosthetic bridge at some point due to lack of a suitable vein. Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) is now the most commonly used prosthetic graft and is widely accepted because it is flexible, porous, easy to handle, puncture and revise, and resists infection better than Dacron.
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Singh, Dr Ankit. "INNOVATION IN ELBOW SURGERY-NANOTECHNOLOGY." In Futuristic Trends in Medical Sciences Volume 3 Book 6. Iterative International Publisher, Selfypage Developers Pvt Ltd, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.58532/v3bbms6p6ch1.

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Nanotechnology Advancements in Elbow Surgery Nanotechnology's applications in elbow surgery present pivotal advancements in diagnostics, drug delivery, tissue regeneration, and prosthetic development. Manipulating materials at the nanoscale, nanotechnology brings forth groundbreaking interventions in modern healthcare. In elbow surgery, nanotechnology assures superior diagnostics, precise drug delivery, tissue regeneration, and cutting-edge prosthetic innovations, shaping the future of healthcare.
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Himmelfarb, Jonathan. "Pharmacologic approaches to preventing hemodialysis access failure." In Hemodialysis Vascular Access: Practice and problems. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192629425.003.0016.

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Abstract While intermittent hemodialysis for the treatment of patients with acute renal failure was introduced by Willem Kolff in 1943, the development of chronic hemodialysis therapy for patients with end-stage renal disease was not feasible until the 1960s with the introduction of the external arteriovenous shunt by Quinton and colleagues. The 1960s were further characterized by the development of the endogenous arteriovenous fistula, and the subsequent development of prosthetic subcutaneous interpositional ‘bridge’ graft.
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Dimitrova, Mariya. "3D Printing Revolutionizing Rural Dental Care." In Teaching in the Age of Medical Technology. IGI Global, 2025. https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3373-1519-5.ch008.

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3D printing, or additive manufacturing, is transforming dentistry by enabling precise, affordable, and localized production of dental devices. Using a layer-by-layer process with materials like resins and metals, it creates prosthetics, orthodontic devices, and surgical guides, improving workflows and patient care. In rural areas, where economic and infrastructure barriers limit access to specialized dental care, 3D printing offers a revolutionary solution. By enabling on-site production of custom devices, it reduces costs, shortens treatment times, and bridges the gap between rural and urban
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Burke, Francis. "Impression-making General and special circumstances." In Essential Skills for Dentists. Oxford University PressOxford, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198526193.003.0015.

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Abstract An impression is a ‘negative likeness or copy in reverse of the surface of an object; an imprint of the teeth and adjacent structures for use in dentistry’ (Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry 1999). From this negative likeness a cast is made which can be used in the planning and/or provision of care. In 2003 the Dental Practice Board for England and Wales reported that 1.7 million units of crown and bridge work were placed as well as one million dentures and 470,000 courses of orthodontic treatment. For all of these procedures as well as for diagnostic reasons impressions were necessary
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Diffrient, David Scott. "Going Deep, Sticking to the Surface." In Body Genre. University Press of Mississippi, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.14325/mississippi/9781496847966.003.0004.

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The bodily fear evoked by classic horror films of the 1930s, 1940s, and 1950s, including those discussed in the previous chapters, is partly triggered by the spectator’s active imagination, put to service in the name of a narrational system that, for reasons of censorship, ethics, and industrial regulations concerning screen content, simply could not show everything. Instead, motion pictures from that period told rather than showed the details of a person’s bad death. This chapter charts the move toward a more direct sort of bodily horror beginning in the 1960s and 1970s; part of what Beth A.
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Katanec, Tomislav, Tihomir Kuna, and Dragan Gabrić. "Use of Statins after Bone Osteotomy and Augmentation and their Antibacterial Effect: Narrative Review of Literature." In Osteotomy Essentials - From Basic Techniques to Advanced Practices [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.1007399.

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Statins, a class of cholesterol-loweringdrugs, have been investigated for their potential benefits in oral surgery, particularly in bone osteotomy and augmentation procedures. Recent studies suggest that statins may stimulate bone formation and enhance the osseointegration of dental implants. This review examines the current evidence on the effects of statins on bone osteotomy and augmentation in oral surgery. The available data indicates that while patients with a history of bisphosphonate use may not face a higher risk of dental implant failure or marginal bone loss, they may be more suscept
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Conference papers on the topic "Bridge prosthetics"

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Schroeder, Kyle A., Juan De La Fuente, Thomas G. Sugar, and Thierry Flaven. "A Novel Force Sensitive Resistor Wheatstone Bridge for Prosthesis Control." In ASME 2014 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2014-34452.

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Control of prosthetic devices should be robust and intuitive. In this work a simple, robust, and intuitive method for opening and closing a prosthetic hand for transradial amputations is proposed. The method utilizes force sensitive resistors (FSR) in a sleeve around the residual forearm. Contracting the muscles to open or close the hand changes the shape of the forearm and the force on the FSR sensors. A novel Wheatstone bridge configuration of the sensors simplifies and expediates the calibration. Using all four FSRs as the resistors of the Wheatstone bridge, the system is relatively insensi
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Claiborne, Thomas E., Gaurav Girdhar, Jawaad Sheriff, et al. "In-Vitro Thrombogenicity Assessment of Mechanical Circulatory Support Devices and Prosthetic Heart Valves." In ASME 2010 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2010-19287.

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Mechanical circulatory support (MCS) devices developed for end-stage heart failure or as a bridge-to-transplant include total artificial hearts (TAH) and ventricular assist devices (VAD) and utilize prosthetic heart valves (PHV) or rotary impellers to control blood recirculation [1]. These devices are currently not optimized to reduce the incidence of pathological flow patterns that cause elevated stresses leading to platelet activation and thrombosis. Although the latter is partially mitigated by lifelong anticoagulation therapy, it dramatically increases the risk of uncontrolled bleeding. Fo
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Gong, Xiao, Yi-Ren Woo, Ajit P. Yoganathan, and Andreas Anayiotos. "Research Contribution of Prosthetic Valve Manufacturers Interfacing Academic-Industry Research Efforts." In ASME 1999 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1999-0380.

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Abstract Prosthetic heart valve is one of the most successful implantable medical devices. However, introducing better performing and longer lasting prosthetic mechanical heart valves (MHV) into clinical use has been slow because predicting the long term performance of a new valve design is difficult. Although significant progresses in many scientific fronts relevant to prosthetic heart valve development have been achieved, we still have an imperfect understanding of host responses to an implantable medical device and incomplete knowledge in associating hemodynamic characteristics of a valve d
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Yao, Junke, Giorgia Bosi, Gaetano Burriesci, and Helge Wurdemann. "Valvuloplasty Balloon Catheter Sizing Approach for Calcified Aortic Valve with Different Annulus Ratios." In THE HAMLYN SYMPOSIUM ON MEDICAL ROBOTICS. The Hamlyn Centre, Imperial College London London, UK, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31256/hsmr2023.19.

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Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is re- garded as the option of preference minimally invasive intervention to treat high-risk patients with aortic steno- sis, which is a common heart valve disease charac- terized by the narrowing of the valve opening due to the thickening of the valve leaflets. During TAVI, a prosthetic aortic valve, replacing the diseased native valve with its function, is inserted and expanded by a balloon catheter if it is a balloon-expandable device. As a result, the correct size of the prosthetic device is vital due to its association with potential complica
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Nobili, Matteo, Jawaad Sheriff, Umberto Morbiducci, Alberto Redaelli, and Danny Bluestein. "Identification of a Mathematical Model for the Prediction of Platelet Damage Accumulation in Artificial Organs: A Preliminary Study." In ASME 2007 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2007-176165.

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Platelets are the pre-eminent cell involved in hemostasis and thrombosis. In recent years it has been demonstrated that flow-induced platelet activation is a major cause for the relatively high incidence of thromboembolic complications in mechanical heart valves (MHVs) [1,2].The platelet activation state (PAS) assay has proved to be a reliable technique for the experimental measurement of procoagulant activity [3]. A Predictive numerical model for platelets damage accumulation could provide critical information for thrombogenicity optimization of implantable prosthetic devices. This would lead
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Zhang, Peng, Jawaad Sheriff, João S. Soares, et al. "Multiscale Modeling of Flow Induced Thrombogenicity Using Dissipative Particle Dynamics and Coarse Grained Molecular Dynamics." In ASME 2013 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2013-14187.

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The coagulation cascade of blood may be initiated by flow induced platelet activation, which prompts clot formation in prosthetic cardiovascular devices and arterial disease processes. While platelet activation may be induced by biochemical agonists, shear stresses arising from pathological flow patterns enhance the propensity of platelets to activate and initiate the intrinsic pathway of coagulation, leading to thrombosis. Upon activation platelets undergo complex biochemical and morphological changes: organelles are centralized, membrane glycoproteins undergo conformational changes, and adhe
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Bluestein, Danny, João S. Soares, Peng Zhang, et al. "Multiscale Modeling of Flow Induced Thrombogenicity Using Dissipative Particle Dynamics and Molecular Dynamics." In ASME 2013 2nd Global Congress on NanoEngineering for Medicine and Biology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nemb2013-93094.

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The coagulation cascade of blood may be initiated by flow induced platelet activation, which prompts clot formation in prosthetic cardiovascular devices and arterial disease processes. While platelet activation may be induced by biochemical agonists, shear stresses arising from pathological flow patterns enhance the propensity of platelets to activate and initiate the intrinsic pathway of coagulation, leading to thrombosis. Upon activation platelets undergo complex biochemical and morphological changes: organelles are centralized, membrane glycoproteins undergo conformational changes, and adhe
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Bluestein, Danny, João S. Soares, Peng Zhang, et al. "Multiscale Modeling of Flow Induced Thrombogenicity With Dissipative Particle Dynamics (DPD) and Molecular Dynamics (MD)." In ASME 2013 Conference on Frontiers in Medical Devices: Applications of Computer Modeling and Simulation. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fmd2013-16176.

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The coagulation cascade of blood may be initiated by flow induced platelet activation, which prompts clot formation in prosthetic cardiovascular devices and arterial disease processes. While platelet activation may be induced by biochemical agonists, shear stresses arising from pathological flow patterns enhance the propensity of platelets to activate and initiate the intrinsic pathway of coagulation, leading to thrombosis. Upon activation platelets undergo complex biochemical and morphological changes: organelles are centralized, membrane glycoproteins undergo conformational changes, and adhe
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Moodie, Donato, Christopher Rawlings, and Abdul-Khaaliq Mohamed. "Comparison of Bionic Hand Finger Actuation Mechanisms." In 2024 Design of Medical Devices Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dmd2024-1035.

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Abstract Finger actuation mechanisms were investigated to aid the development of a low-cost prosthetic hand. A novel method was used to assess the finger actuation mechanisms individually as opposed to assessing the entire hand. This has the benefit of enabling the finger designs to be applied to multiple hand designs. Each finger actuation mechanism consisted of a finger design and a driver. The three finger designs considered were the Tact finger; a derivative of the OpenBionics hand, denoted the Channel finger; and a 4-Bar Linkage finger. The two actuation drivers tested for each finger wer
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Dash, Ranjita, Anurag R. Chandnani, Arash Tourki Samaei, and Ramuel Safarkoolan. "Advance Model for Capturing Real Life Human Gait Process." In ASME 2016 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2016-66893.

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Human gait represents a highly coordinated multi-dimensional and energy efficient process involving complex precision control mechanisms. Several attempts have been made in the literature to capture every minute detail of this process and develop accurate models. Although available state of art neuromuscular models demonstrate higher degrees of accuracy, the extent to which the shoulder muscles actively drive the arms, their effect on stability and economy during gait are not well established till date. Most of these models are sufficiently accurate to replicate the human gait in upright posit
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