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Academic literature on the topic 'Bridges Bridges Bridges Bridges'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 4 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Bridges Bridges Bridges Bridges"

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Radnić, Jure, Domagoj Matešan, and Ivan Banović. "Bridges with multiple structural systems: The example of Trilj Bridge reconstruction in Croatia." Bridge Structures 17, no. 1-2 (June 11, 2021): 65–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/brs-210185.

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Development of multiple structural systems for bridges is useful in the design of new bridges and rehabilitation of existing bridges. This paper briefly presents some existing bridges with multiple structural systems and succinctly discusses design ideas for bridges with such systems. As an example of a bridge with multiple structural systems, the paper presents the reconstruction of a pedestrian suspension bridge in the City of Trilj, Croatia. The new bridge’s load-bearing structure is composed of several structural systems. Namely, the reconstructed bridge is a combination of suspension, cable-stayed and stress-ribbon bridge, which is laterally restrained with horizontal tensioned ropes. Numerical analysis was conducted on the renovated bridge. The results have shown an acceptable levels of stresses and deflections verifying the structural safety of the restored bridge. It is believed that this example of the bridge renovation may be useful in the design of new and strengthening of existing similar bridges.

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Mohandas G.V and Sitansu k.Panda. "Hair pin bends of epicardial coronary arteries - a unique feature in multiple myocardial bridges." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 10, no. 3 (July 26, 2019): 2250–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v10i3.1460.

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Myocardial bridge(MB) is an anatomical variant. Sometimes MB can cause compression over the coronary arteries and causes ischemic heart diseases.MB associated with bends of coronary arteries double the risk of coronary artery disease. So the present study aimed to find out the incidence of bends of the coronary artery along with the myocardial bridging. 100 heart specimens were obtained from routine dissection conducted for undergraduate students in the department of Anatomy IMS & SUM Hospital Bhubaneswar. After the simple dissecting procedure, epicardial coronary arteries, their branches and myocardial bridges and hairpin bends of coronary arteries were observed. Myocardial bridges present 41 (41%) over Left anterior descending artery(LAD) only.Among 41 hearts single myocardial bridge present in 37((90.25%) hearts, double myocardial bridge were present in 3((7.31%) hearts and triple myocardial bridges present in only one heart(2.44%). Hairpin bends of the coronary artery were present in double and triple myocardial bridged hearts only. No hairpin bends of the coronary artery was observed in the single myocardial bridge. Hair pin bends of the coronary arteries are the unique features of the myocardial bridges in multiple myocardial bridges, i.e. double and triple myocardial bridges. However, hairpin bends of coronary arteries were absent in single myocardial bridged hearts.

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Greenfield, Tina M., and Eugene S. Takle. "Bridge Frost Prediction by Heat and Mass Transfer Methods." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 45, no. 3 (March 1, 2006): 517–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jam2356.1.

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Abstract Frost on roadways and bridges can present hazardous conditions to motorists, particularly when it occurs in patches or on bridges when adjacent roadways are clear of frost. To minimize materials costs, vehicle corrosion, and negative environmental impacts, frost-suppression chemicals should be applied only when, where, and in the appropriate amounts needed to maintain roadways in a safe condition for motorists. Accurate forecasts of frost onset times, frost intensity, and frost disappearance (e.g., melting or sublimation) are needed to help roadway maintenance personnel decide when, where, and how much frost-suppression chemical to use. A finite-difference algorithm (BridgeT) has been developed that simulates vertical heat transfer in a bridge based on evolving meteorological conditions at its top and bottom as supplied by a weather forecast model. BridgeT simulates bridge temperatures at numerous points within the bridge (including its upper and lower surface) at each time step of the weather forecast model and calculates volume per unit area (i.e., depth) of deposited, melted, or sublimed frost. This model produces forecasts of bridge surface temperature, frost depth, and bridge condition (i.e., dry, wet, icy/snowy). Bridge frost predictions and bridge surface temperature are compared with observed and measured values to assess BridgeT's skill in forecasting bridge frost and associated conditions.

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SOUSA, Helder, Bruno J. A. COSTA, António Abel HENRIQUES, João BENTO, and Joaquim A. FIGUEIRAS. "ASSESSMENT OF TRAFFIC LOAD EVENTS AND STRUCTURAL EFFECTS ON ROAD BRIDGES BASED ON STRAIN MEASUREMENTS." JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 22, no. 4 (December 13, 2015): 457–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13923730.2014.897991.

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Several technical and scientific publications have been made available focussing on Bridge Weight-in-Motion (BWIM) concerning railway bridges. On the contrary, BWIM analysis on road bridges are more scarce and therefore, this work intends to provide a contribution by presenting the BWIM analysis performed on two major road bridges in Portugal – Lezíria Bridge and Pinhão Bridge. These bridges are equipped with electric and optical strain gauges, acquisition systems with features that allow high sampling rates. Based on the collected data and focussing on the bridges’ lifetime, a probabilistic approach to quantify extreme traffic loads was implemented using extreme distribution functions. The bridges’ behaviour to these extreme traffic loads is numerically evaluated and a comparison with the alarm levels established by the bridge designers is performed. Although the bridge’s safety is not compromised, it was concluded that the representativeness of the observation period is a critical issue and the analysis of this kind of results must be carefully considered. A comprehensive discussion about this matter is carried out at the end of this work.

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Li, Zi Qi, and Yan Yan Fan. "Study on Seismic Response Reduction of a Long-Span Cable-Stayed Bridge by Adding Viscous Dampers at the Different Positions." Advanced Materials Research 295-297 (July 2011): 2304–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.295-297.2304.

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Bridge is an important part of transport system, especially for the long-span bridges of important route. And it belongs to the lifeline project. It is an important measure for reducing the secondary disaster to ensure bridge’s normality in traffic after the earthquake. Currently, the isolation seismic design of long-span bridges with the special structure is used to reduce damage of bridges by the reason of the earthquake. Based on damping principle of the viscous dampers, the calculation and analysis of what the effect of shock absorption done by damper in decorate position of long-span cable-stayed bridge to structure of bridges are formulated in this paper.

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Tasnic, Mihail, and Ilia Catereniuc. "Some morphological aspects of myocardial bridges." Moldovan Medical Journal 64, no. 2 (May 2021): 58–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.52418/moldovan-med-j.64-2.21.11.

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Background: Myocardial bridges are variants of the intramyocardial position of the coronary arteries. In the specialty literature, hot topics in cardiovascular field are myocardial infarction and non-obstructive coronary artery disease with frequent connection with myocardial bridges. Material and methods: The morphological study was based on the analysis of 200 human hearts and fragments of coronary arteries. The retrospective study was focused on the analysis of 6168 coronary angiography reports, to identify patients with myocardial bridges, their preferred location, the degree of systolic stenosis, the association between myocardial bridges and proximal to bridge and under the bridge coronary atherosclerosis. Results: The complete myocardial bridges were described in 62% of the analyzed hearts and only in 5.3% of the total number of studied coronarographies. In the majority of cases, the complete myocardial bridges covered the anterior interventricular branch. The degree of subpontine arterial systolic stenosis varied within 10-95%. The comparative study did not determine any correlations between the degree of subpontine vascular compression and the degree of the left ventricular myocardial hypertrophy. In 32% of cases were described proximal to bridge atherosclerotic plaques and only in one case (0.5%) – distal to bridge atherosclerotic plaques, located immediately under the bridge. Conclusions: The research findings underline the differences in anatomical and angiographic incidence of myocardial bridges, and the inability of all bridges to reduce the lumen of under bridged artery. Current study emphasizes attention to the topography of bridges, the correlation with ventricular hypertrophy and coronary atherosclerosis.

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Siwowski, Tomasz, and Piotr Żółtowski. "Strengthening Bridges with Prestressed CFRP Strips." Selected Scientific Papers - Journal of Civil Engineering 7, no. 1 (June 1, 2012): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10299-012-0021-2.

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Abstract Limitation of bridge’s carrying bearing capacity due to aging and deterioration is a common problem faced by road administration and drivers. Rehabilitation of bridges including strengthening may be applied in order to maintain or upgrade existing bridge parameters. The case studies of strengthening of two small bridges with high modulus prestressed CFRP strips have been presented in the paper. The first one - reinforced concrete slab bridge - and the other - composite steel-concrete girder bridge - have been successfully upgraded with quite new technology. In both cases the additional CFRP reinforcement let increasing of bridge carrying capacity from 15 till 40 metric tons. The CFRP strip prestressing system named Neoxe Prestressing System (NPS), developed by multi-disciplinary team and tested at full scale in Rzeszow University of Technology, has been also described in the paper.

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Helowicz, Andrzej. "Integral bridge and culvert design, Designer’s experience." Open Engineering 10, no. 1 (June 5, 2020): 499–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eng-2020-0059.

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AbstractThis paper describes a small single-span integral bridge made of in-situ concrete. The bridge was designed by the author and built on the M9 motorway between the towns of Waterford and Kilcullen in Ireland. Selected parts of the bridge design are presented. First the principles of modelling and designing integral bridges and culverts are explained. Then the considered bridge’s design is described. The advantages and disadvantages of such structures are discussed. The focus is on the design, construction, cost and in-service behaviour of small integral bridges and culverts. In Conclusions the author shares his knowledge and experience relating to the design of small integral bridges and culverts and puts forward recommendations as to further research on this type of structures in Poland.

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Sanli, Ahmet K., Erdogan A. Uzgider, Ozden B. Caglayan, Kadir Ozakgul, and Jan Bien. "Testing Bridges by Using Tiltmeter Measurements." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1696, no. 1 (January 2000): 111–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1696-51.

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An efficient numerical procedure based on the cubic spline technique is developed to obtain the vertical displacements of the bridge deck using the slope values measured at selected points under the test loading. Most static load tests of bridges are performed to evaluate the stiffness characteristics of bridge structures or to check the accuracy of their computer models. From this standpoint, vertical displacements of the bridge under certain loads have a crucial importance. However, if the bridge is over a river, a lake, muddy ground, or a major highway, conventional displacement transducers cannot be used appropriately for this purpose. Furthermore, strong wind and the bridge’s height badly affect the accuracy of the transducers. Another way to obtain bridge deflection is to use an indirect method. Tiltmeters, which have been increasingly used for construction monitoring and structural testing of bridges, are suitable devices in terms of indirect deflection measurements because of their characteristics such as high sensitivity, easy installation, and small electrical drift. The testing and evaluation procedure developed was applied on a real bridge, and the results indicated that this method could be applied to obtain vertical displacements of bridges as an alternative to the use of conventional displacement transducers.

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Wei, Biao, Qing Yuan Zeng, and Wei An Liu. "Applicability of Modal Pushover Analysis on Bridges." Advanced Materials Research 255-260 (May 2011): 806–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.255-260.806.

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Taking one irregular continuous bridge as an example, modal pushover analysis (MPA) has been conducted to judge whether it would be applicable for seismic analysis of irregular bridge structures. The bridge’s seismic demand in the transverse direction has been determined through two different methods, inelastic time history analysis (ITHA) and MPA respectively. The comparison between those two results indicates that MPA would be suitable only for bridges under elastic or slightly damaged state. Finally, some modifications are used to improve the MPA’s scope of application, and the results illustrate that the adapted MPA will be able to estimate bridges’ seismic demands to some extent.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Bridges Bridges Bridges Bridges"

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Hirachan, Jasmeen. "Development of experimental influence lines for bridges." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file 1.88 Mb., 91 p, 2006. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/1435843.

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Ross, Justin Henry. "Evaluating ultimate bridge capacity through destructive testing of decommissioned bridges." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 154 p, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1338919151&sid=8&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Thesis (M.C.E.)--University of Delaware, 2007.
Principal faculty advisors: Michael J. Chajes and Jennifer Righman McConnell, Dept. of Civil & Environmental Engineering. Includes bibliographical references.

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Donnée, Nicole Elizabeth Hughes Mary Leigh. "Automated screening tool for the stability of highway bridges subject to scour." Auburn, Ala, 2008. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/EtdRoot/2008/SPRING/Civil_Engineering/Thesis/Donnee_Nicole_6.pdf.

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Nelson, James Lee. "Behavior of GFRP Bridge Decks for Highway Bridges." NCSU, 2005. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-12022005-144948/.

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This research presents the results of an experimental program undertaken at the North Carolina State University (NCSU) Constructed Facilities Laboratory (CFL) to evaluate the performance of a new innovative glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) bridge deck. This bridge deck is produced commercially by Martin Marietta Composites of Raleigh, NC under the trade name of DuraSpan. The experimental program involved examining the behavior of 5.00 inch deep and 7.66 inch deep DuraSpan bridge deck profiles. The program included numerous quasi-static flexural tests, testing of connection details to facilitate the development of a railing system, evaluation of the performance of the bond lines in negative moment regions, and an evaluation of the coefficient of thermal expansion. A finite element model was developed to predict the stiffness of the bridge deck at service load levels. Finite element optimization techniques were used in conjunction with coupon test data and the large scale flexural test data to calibrate the model.

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Li, Zhenhu, and 李振虎. "Damage identification of bridges from signals measured with a moving vehicle." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/206353.

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Identifying damage of a bridge from a vehicle moving over it is an attractive idea especially for those bridges without structural health monitoring systems as it is faster than putting sensors on the bridges. Many parts of highways and railways have been constructed on bridges and it is important to ensure that they are in good conditions. Therefore a large amount of bridges need to be monitored and for the sake of economy the monitoring should be efficient. If an instrumented vehicle can identify the occurrence and locations of damage by running over the bridges, it would save a lot of labor and time. As acceleration is easier to acquire, it is used as the main signal for damage detection. Research in this area is relatively little, not to mention the need to take into account road surface roughness and experimental verification. Frequencies can be conveniently extracted from the vehicle response. The damage can hence be identified based on the relationship between the change of frequencies and the fractional change of strain energy. A vehicle-bridge interaction system is used to simulate the process of a vehicle running over a bridge and obtain the vehicle response for investigation. The proposed method can identify damage of simply supported and multi-span continuous bridges taking into account road surface roughness and measurement noise. They are also validated in the laboratory where a simply supported bridge is modeled using an aluminum beam and the vehicle is modeled with aluminum vehicles. This method can limit the damage location to two potential locations. The multi-level multi-pass strategy makes use of the identification from the above method, applies genetic algorithm and lets the vehicle run over the bridge at various speeds. The unique damage location can then be identified. A numerical study for simply supported bridges and multi-span continuous bridges has verified its effectiveness. Continuous wavelet transform (CWT) can identify local changes in a signal as damage is assumed to cause local change to the vehicle response, which makes it suitable for damage detection from vehicle response. However, the road surface roughness and measurement noise often mask the information about damage. Smoothing technique and damage indicators are proposed to help with the identification. By validating the method with a numerical vehicle-bridge interaction system and model tests in the laboratory, the damage can be correctly identified. Additional masses and sinusoidal excitation force can help with the identification too. Repeated application of CWT involves applying the CWT to the coefficients of continuous wavelet again and again, which can also improve the results. If CWT is treated as a mathematical microscope, repeated application of CWT is like amplifying the signal several times. The effectiveness of the method has been verified numerically and experimentally. In summary, a convenient and efficient technique to test the conditions of bridges by putting sensors on a moving vehicle is proposed and the method is verified by numerical and experimental studies. It can provide an alternative or a useful complement to conventional structural health monitoring systems.
published_or_final_version
Civil Engineering
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy

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Snedeker, Katherine O. "Evaluation of performance and maximum length of continuous decks in simple-span bridges." Thesis, Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/28210.

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Sugioka, Koichi. "Life cycle evaluation of fatigue mitigation for orthotropic steel bridge decks." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Civil and Natural Resources Engineering, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/3232.

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Bridges with orthotropic steel decks have been built across the world over the past 60 years because they provide high strength and stiffness at a relatively low cost. However, a number of these bridges have sustained fatigue fractures. The investigation described in this thesis was carried out in order to identify cost-effective fatigue crack mitigation techniques by using the deck surfacing to reduce the stresses in the steel deck. Epoxy asphalt with an expanded metal mesh was investigated with small- and large-scale laboratory tests. Finite element analyses were also performed. The small scale tests conducted at different temperatures and loading frequencies showed that asphalt stiffness increased with decreasing temperature and faster loading. The expanded metal mesh in the epoxy asphalt layer noticeably increased asphalt stiffness. In the large scale tests and finite element analyses, critical loading positions to cause stress concentrations at the fatigue prone rib-to-deck welded connections were determined with different tyre configurations. The stress reduction due to the deck surfacing was estimated for the critical loading positions. The full scale test specimen was subjected to actual truck tyres. With the effectiveness of mitigation techniques for fatigue cracks on orthotropic steel bridge decks known, a probability-based fatigue lifetime evaluation methodology using Monte Carlo simulation was developed. The deck surfacing effects with seasonal and hourly temperature variations were considered. The fatigue lifetime extension using the epoxy asphalt was quantified. For a particular bridge, cost-effective maintenance scenarios were investigated. A simple calculation method for fatigue lifetime was introduced for engineers or bridge owners to assist understanding of decision support tool concepts.

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Ding, Qiang. "Buffeting analysis of cable-supported bridges under turbulent wind in time domain /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B21106538.

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Williams, Melissa. "A plan for the long-term performance of bridges." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 229 p, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1251904781&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Krajewski, Joseph E. "Bridge inspection and interferometry." Link to electronic thesis, 2006. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-050406-092613/.

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Books on the topic "Bridges Bridges Bridges Bridges"

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Bridges. New York, NY: W. W. Norton & Co., 2005.

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Robbins, Ken. Bridges. New York: Dial Books, 1991.

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David, Outerbridge, ed. Bridges. New York: Abrams, 1989.

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Ardley, Neil. Bridges. Ada, OK: Garrett Educational Corporation, 1990.

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Bridges. North Mankato, Minn: Smart Apple Media, 2004.

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Richards, Julie. Bridges. North Mankato, Minn: Smart Apple Media, 2003.

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Bridges. Mankato, Minn: Creative Education, 2000.

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Cleary, Richard Louis. Bridges. New York: W.W. Norton & Co., 2007.

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Bridges. London: Macmillan, 1989.

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(Firm), Alleycat Design, ed. Bridges. New York: Black Dog & Leventhal Publishers, 1997.

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Book chapters on the topic "Bridges Bridges Bridges Bridges"

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Uzmi, Zartsh Afzal, and Tariq Mahmood Jadoon. "Bridges." In Handbook of Computer Networks, 390–402. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118256053.ch25.

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Matsagar, Vasant, Saeid Eslamian, Kaveh Ostad-Ali-Askari, Mohammad Raeisi, George Lee, Sona Pazdar, and Aida Bagheri-Basmenji. "Bridges." In Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series, 74–92. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73568-9_35.

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Roznowski, Rob. "Bridges." In Roadblocks in Acting, 167–78. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-60970-0_9.

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Holmes, John D., and Seifu A. Bekele. "Bridges." In Wind Loading of Structures, 383–408. Fourth edition. | Boca Raton : CRC Press, 2021. |: CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429296123-12.

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Matsagar, Vasant, Saeid Eslamian, Kaveh Ostad-Ali-Askari, Mohammad Raeisi, George Lee, Sona Pazdar, and Aida Bagheri-Basmenji. "Bridges." In Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series, 1–20. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-12127-7_35-1.

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Crane, Ralph J. "Bridges." In Inventing India, 75–99. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230380080_4.

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Wenzel, Helmut. "Bridges." In Handbook of Technical Diagnostics, 429–51. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-25850-3_22.

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Bonnington, C. Paul, and Charles H. C. Little. "Bridges." In The Foundations of Topological Graph Theory, 153–59. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2540-9_10.

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Bakht, Baidar, and Aftab Mufti. "Loads and Codes." In Bridges, 1–33. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17843-1_1.

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Bakht, Baidar, and Aftab Mufti. "Structural Health Monitoring." In Bridges, 307–54. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17843-1_10.

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Conference papers on the topic "Bridges Bridges Bridges Bridges"

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Täljsten, Björn, Thomas Blanksvärd, Gabriel Sas, Niklas Bagge, Jonny Nilimaa, Cosmin Popescu, Lennart Elfgren, Anders Carolin, and Jens Häggström. "Bridges Tested to Failure in Sweden." In IABSE Conference, Copenhagen 2018: Engineering the Past, to Meet the Needs of the Future. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/copenhagen.2018.064.

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Five bridges of different types have been tested to failure and the results have been compared to analyses of the load-carrying capacity using standard code models and advanced numerical methods. The results may help to make accurate assessments of similar existing bridges. There it is necessary to know the real behaviour, weak points, and to be able to model the load-carrying capacity in a correct way.<p> The five bridges were: (1) a strengthened one span concrete road bridge - Stora Höga ; (2) a one span concrete rail trough bridge loaded in fatigue – Lautajokk; (3) a two span strengthened concrete trough railway bridge - Övik; (4) a one span railway steel truss bridge -Åby; and (5) a five span prestressed concrete road bridge - Kiruna. The unique results in the paper are the experiences of the real failure types, the robustness/weakness of the bridges, and the accuracy and shortcomings/potentials of different codes and models for safety assessment of existing structures.

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Rokneddin, Keivan, Jayadipta Ghosh, Jamie E. Padgett, and Leonardo Duenas Osorio. "The Effects of Deteriorating Bridges on Bridges on the Bridge Network Connectivity." In Structures Congress 2011. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41171(401)260.

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Bougacha, Samir, Hongwei Cai, Jeffry Booher, and Marshall Newlin. "Rational Analysis for Understanding Skewed Steel Bridge Cross-Frame Behavior." In IABSE Congress, New York, New York 2019: The Evolving Metropolis. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/newyork.2019.1371.

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<p>The design of skewed I-girder steel bridges is common throughout the country. Such bridges have been fabricated and constructed and have generally performed well. Where issues have been encountered, they were primarily related to bridge construction and, quite often to the torsional behavior of the severely skewed bridge superstructure. Until recently, there have been few analysis and design guidelines available to the structural designer on the construction engineering of the skewed I-girder bridges. AASHTO [1] specifies that the contract documents should state the fit condition for which the cross frames are detailed for I-girder bridges. Recommendations are also provided for the estimation of the cross frame locked-in forces. This paper presents a case study in a fit-up analysis of multi-span skewed I-girder steel bridge using 3D finite element method modeling. Fit-up analysis was carried out to evaluate girder’s web distortions, determine the cross- frames locked-in forces and compare them to the recent AASHTO’s recommendations. The paper should provide designers with a more detailed understanding of a bridge’s behavior in this condition as compared with the more generalized recommendations from AASHTO guidelines.</p>

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Hong, Namhee K., Hyun-Moo Koh, and Sung-Gul Hong. "Exploration of Cable-Supported Pedestrian Bridges." In IABSE Congress, New York, New York 2019: The Evolving Metropolis. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/newyork.2019.2007.

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<p>The variety of transparency, lightness, and shape of cable-supported bridges is being actively utilized in the design of pedestrian bridges. Moreover, the pedestrian bridge, which is demanded to play a key role as a harmonious structure with surrounding landscape, is being reborn as a landmark sculpture. Considering that understanding design trends is very important step to establish design guide lines for future design, existing cable-supported pedestrian bridges developed until recently have been investigated considering structural material, structural system, and architectural styles. The visual inspiration of the pedestrian bridge is felt in the sense of the structure and the structural form is determined to satisfy the geometric design requirements while considering the efficiency and stability of the cable structure. Therefore, it is needed to identify the main variables affecting the cable-support structures and understand the true beauty of bridges by comparing and analyzing various bridge cases based on major variables. This paper will focus mainly on the following issues:</p><p>(1) the classification of types of cable-supported pedestrian bridges; (2) the identification of the important factors affecting structural forms and (3) an integrated framework for future pedestrian bridges considering form, function, and behavior. Note that the relationship between structural form and visual form is explained using graphical approach. It is expected that this study will help to explore future pedestrian bridges considering bridge aesthetics.</p>

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Shipilov, A. G., and T. A. Titarenko. "CITY PEDESTRIAN BRIDGES." In INNOVATIONS IN THE SOCIOCULTURAL SPACE. Amur State University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22250/iss.2020.27.

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The article considers the problems of pedestrian communication in the city of Vladivostok. The review of domestic and foreign experience in the construction of pedestrian bridges. Conclusions are drawn of the main aesthetic, social, structural and artistic criteria for the quality of modern pedestrian bridges. In the part of the research results, the author's solution of the air pedestrian bridge in Vladivostok is given.

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Toczkiewicz, Robert, Jan Biliszczuk, and Marco Teichgraeber. "Large Bridges Recently Built in Poland." In IABSE Conference, Kuala Lumpur 2018: Engineering the Developing World. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/kualalumpur.2018.0889.

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<p>The road and railway infrastructure in Poland has been intensively developed and modernized for the last years. Around 300 new bridges are built annually. Among the new structures there is a group of modern long span bridges.</p> <p>This paper presents examples of selected, most interesting large road bridges built in recent years in Poland. The following structures are described:</p><ul><li> <p>two largest extradosed bridges in Europe – with spans exceeding 200 m;</p></li><li> <p>the largest arch bridge in Poland with 270 m long fixed arches and an expressway bridge with 200 m long arch span;</p></li><li> <p>two cable-stayed bridges.</p> <p>Structural configuration and construction technology of the above mentioned bridges are described.</p>

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Pu, Jun-Ping, Yao-Min Fang, Hung-Ren Chen, and Jian-Fa Huang. "Detection and Identification of Bridges Considering Soil Effect." In ASME/JSME 2004 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2004-2944.

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Unexpected collapses and near collapse of bridges during the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake underline the need for effective structural monitoring. Periodic structural condition monitoring of bridge structures is necessary to ensure that they provide a continued and safe service. A systematic study of typical bridges is needed, focusing on identifying elastic analytical models that will incorporate the existing state of bridge. To establish dynamic monitoring as a routine bridge inspection method, the soil-structure model of these two bridges are established and compared theoretically and experimentally.

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Li, Ying. "Conspectus of Bridge Criticism." In IABSE Congress, Stockholm 2016: Challenges in Design and Construction of an Innovative and Sustainable Built Environment. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/stockholm.2016.0742.

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The study on bridge criticism is an interdisciplinary research of the theory of bridge engineering, architectural criticism, art criticism and bridge aesthetics. It is an important part of design theory of bridges. Generally speaking, bridge criticism is the identification and evaluation of creative thoughts of bridges, the design of bridges, the process of bridge construction and service, and the social individual and public using of bridges. This research focuses on the forming process, operating model, characteristics and value of bridge criticism. The main research contents include axiology, subjectivity theory, semiotics and methodology of bridge criticism. Based on theories of bridge criticism, this paper comes up with an evaluation method of urban bridges.

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Garibaldi, Luigi, Luigi Bregant, Claudio Valente, Fabio Brancaleoni, and Giuseppe Catania. "Railway Bridges Identification Techniques." In ASME 2005 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2005-84650.

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Output-only methodologies are nowadays well established to extract modal parameters in many areas of engineering, such as civil, mechanical and aeronautical. In the past, civil engineering tests have been mainly developed for road bridges, with the vehicle passage over the bridge deck representing the main source of excitation with some contribution given by the ambient noise. In the road bridge cases, the excitation is considered to be a function of the road surface roughness, the vehicles speed, the weight and suspension vehicles characteristics, and also the random access of the vehicles over the bridge, whilst for the railway case, not all these issues are correctly addressed, and other characteristics rise-up, possibly advantageous for a correct identification process; to demonstrate this statement, we can bear in mind how the random access of the vehicles becomes meaningless for railway bridges, the single train being a quasi deterministic source; furthermore, the influence of the train weight should be considered if compared to usual road vehicles. Since output-only techniques are conceived for random excitation noise, their use in these conditions is considerably stressed and special care, or alternative techniques, has to be considered to avoid errors. In this sense, the bridge reference model becomes more important and some special techniques have to be developed.

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Fukunaga, Susumu. "Seismic retrofit for the truss bridges of the Seto-Ohashi Bridges." In IABSE Congress, Stockholm 2016: Challenges in Design and Construction of an Innovative and Sustainable Built Environment. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/stockholm.2016.0994.

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In original seismic design of the Seto-Ohashi Bridges, an inland near-field earthquake was not considered. And there is concern that large-scale earthquakes would occur in the near future. Therefore seismic retrofit for truss bridges of the Seto-Ohashi Bridges has started. In the seismic retrofit design for the truss bridges, it was decided that seismic response of overall bridge was reduced firstly and the truss members were strengthened by additional stiffeners secondly. The stiffeners were attached to the truss members by bolting, because it was difficult to ensure quality of field welding. As inner surface of the closed box-section truss members has no coating, drilling bolt holes in the members was thought to increase the probability of corrosion of the members. Therefore it was decided to apply airtightness measures for the inside of the closed box-section members after their drying.

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Reports on the topic "Bridges Bridges Bridges Bridges"

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Chang, Luh, Tarek Zayed, and Jon Fricker. Steel Bridge Protection Policy: Evaluation of Bridge Coating system for INDOT Steel Bridges. West Lafayette, IN: Purdue University, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284313319.

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Demina, O. A., and S. A. Bakhtin. Tutorial Bridges, tunnels. OFERNIO, July 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/ofernio.2020.24544.

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ABERDEEN TEST CENTER MD SUPPORT EQUIPMENT DIV. Bridges and Equipment. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada505642.

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Wang, Yao, Mirela D. Tumbeva, and Ashley P. Thrall. Evaluating Reserve Strength of Girder Bridges Due to Bridge Rail Load Shedding. Purdue University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317308.

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This research experimentally and numerically evaluated the reserve strength of girder bridges due to bridge rail load shedding. The investigation included: (1) performing non-destructive field testing on two steel girder bridges and one prestressed concrete girder bridge, (2) developing validated finite element numerical models, and (3) performing parametric numerical investigations using the validated numerical modeling approach. Measured data indicated that intact, integral, reinforced concrete rails participate in carrying live load. Research results culminated in recommendations to evaluate the reserve strength of girder bridges due to the participation of the rail, as well as recommendations for bridge inspectors for evaluating steel girder bridges subjected to vehicular collision.

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Chang, Luh, Tarek Zayed, and Jon Fricker. Steel Bridge Protection Policy: Metalization of Steel Bridges: Research and Practice. West Lafayette, IN: Purdue University, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284313322.

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Eastlake, D., R. Perlman, A. Ghanwani, D. Dutt, and V. Manral. Routing Bridges (RBridges): Adjacency. RFC Editor, July 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc6327.

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Frosch, Robert, and Adam Morel. Guardrails for Use on Historic Bridges: Volume 2—Bridge Deck Overhang Design. Purdue University, June 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284316361.

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Perlman, R., D. Eastlake, Y. Li, A. Banerjee, and F. Hu. Routing Bridges (RBridges): Appointed Forwarders. RFC Editor, November 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc6439.

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Lam, H., S. M. Marcuccio, P. I. Svirskaya, S. Greenberg, A. B. Lever, and C. C. Leznoff. Binuclear Phthalocyanines with Aromatic Bridges. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada205868.

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Perlman, R., D. Eastlake, D. Dutt, S. Gai, and A. Ghanwani. Routing Bridges (RBridges): Base Protocol Specification. RFC Editor, July 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc6325.

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