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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Bridges Bridges Concrete bridges'
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Matta, Fabio. "Innovative solutions in bridge construction, rehabilitation, and structural health monitoring." Diss., Rolla, Mo. : University of Missouri-Rolla, 2007. http://scholarsmine.umr.edu/thesis/pdf/MattaPhD_Dissertation_09007dcc8038f8b1.pdf.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri--Rolla, 2007.Vita. The entire thesis text is included in file. Title from title screen of thesis/dissertation PDF file (viewed November 15, 2007) Includes bibliographical references.
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Tullu, Kulbhushan S. (Kulbhushan Sharashchandra). "Rehabilitation of concrete bridges." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61065.
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This thesis presents the various methods of assessment and repair of damage to concrete bridges. The current repair and replacement techniques are identified and evaluated. Plausible repair-in-place techniques being used presently are reviewed along with the relevant details. Guidance is also provided for inspection and assessment of damage from accidents, fire, design and construction defects, and other causes.Suggested guidelines for damage assessment and for selection of repair methods are presented along with some examples from the existing practice. The repair methods have been evaluated on the basis of load requirements, speed of repairs, durability, relative costs, aesthetics, materials, methods, and engineering solutions.
The thesis also deals summarily with the subject of bridge management systems, highlighting the need for effective maintenance and repair management strategies. Examples of two software packages being used currently for management purposes are presented. The case histories presented highlight the various current practices of rehabilitation and replacement.
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Colldin, Ylva. "Waterproofing of concrete bridges." Licentiate thesis, Luleå, 1991. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-26008.
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Bonvalot, Eliot. "Dynamic response of bridges to near-fault, forward directivity ground motions." Online access for everyone, 2006. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Summer2006/e%5Fbonvalot%5F072606.pdf.
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Calloway, Benita R. "Yield line analysis of an AASHTO New Jersey concrete parapet wall." Thesis, This resource online, 1993. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-09052009-040731/.
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Menkulasi, Fatmir. "Development of a Composite Concrete Bridge System for Short-to-Medium-Span Bridges." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/50413.
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The inverted T-beam bridge system provides an accelerated bridge construction alternative for short-to-medium-span bridges. The system consists of adjacent precast inverted T-beams finished with a cast-in-place concrete topping. The system offers enhanced performance against reflective cracking, and reduces the likelihood of cracking due to time dependent effects. The effects of transverse bending due to concentrated wheel loads are investigated with respect to reflective cracking. Transverse bending moment are quantified and compared to transverse moment capacities provided by a combination of various cross-sectional shapes and transverse connections. A design methodology for transverse bending is suggested. Tensile stresses created due to time dependent and temperature effects are quantified at the cross-sectional and structure level and strategies for how to alleviate these tensile stresses are proposed. Because differential shrinkage is believed to be one of the causes of deck cracking in composite bridges, a study on shrinkage and creep properties of seven deck mixes is presented with the goal of identifying a mix whose long terms properties reduce the likelihood of deck cracking. The effects of differential shrinkage at a cross-sectional level are numerically demonstrated for a variety of composite bridge systems and the resistance of the inverted T-beam system against time dependent effects is highlighted. End stresses in the end zones of such a uniquely shaped precast element are investigated analytically in the vertical and horizontal planes. Existing design methods are evaluated and strut-and-tie models, calibrated to match the results of 3-D finite element analyses, are proposed as alternatives to existing methods to aid designers in sizing reinforcing in the end zones. Composite action between the precast beam and the cast-in-place topping is examined via a full scale test and the necessity of extended stirrups is explored. It is concluded that because of the large contact surface between the precast and cast-in-place elements, cohesion alone appears to provide the necessary horizontal shear strength to ensure full composite action. Live load distribution factors are quantified analytically and by performing four live loads tests. It is concluded that AASHTO's method for cast-in-place slab span bridges can be conservatively used in design.Ph. D.
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Yuen, Lik Hang. "Performance of Concrete Bridge Deck Joints." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2005. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd674.pdf.
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Johnson, Jeffrey Keith. "Concrete bridge deck behavior under thermal loads." Thesis, Montana State University, 2005. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2005/johnson/JohnsonJ0805.pdf.
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Nelson, Douglas A. "Investigation of Concrete Mixtures to Reduce Differential Shrinkage Cracking in Composite Bridges." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/24425.
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The objective of the research presented in this thesis was to develop a concrete bridge deck topping mixture that resists the effects of differential shrinkage by decreasing shrinkage and increasing creep. . In addition, the amount of tensile creep that concrete experiences under long-term tensile stresses were quantified and compared to compressive creep values in order to gain a better understanding of how concrete behaves under tension. Test results show that the amount of tensile creep exceeded compressive creep by a factor of 2-5.
Various shrinkage and creep models were compared against test data in order to quantify results and determine the best model to use for the mixes examined during this research project. Data analysis revealed that the AASHTO time dependent effects (shrinkage and creep) models outperformed the other models used in this research project. Other material property data including compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, Young's modulus of elasticity, and unrestrained shrinkage was also collected to compare against a common bridge deck topping mix to ensure that the mixes used in this research project are suitable for use in the field.
A parametric study utilizing the Age Adjusted Effective Modulus (AAEM) method was performed which showed that the most important factor in reducing tensile stresses was to decrease the amount of shrinkage experienced by the concrete bridge deck topping mixture.
Three concrete mixtures, one included saturated lightweight aggregates (SLWA), one including ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS), and one incorporating both were tested. Preliminary results show that the inclusions of SLWA into a concrete mixture reduced shrinkage by 25% and overall tensile stress by 38%.Master of Science
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Eriksson, Viktor. "Design of Ultra High Performance Fibre Reinforced Concrete Bridges : A Comparative Study to Conventional Concrete Bridges." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-75183.
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The use of Ultra High Performance Fibre Reinforced Concrete (UHPFRC) in the construction industry started in the 1990s and has since then been used for bridges all over the world. The mechanical properties and the dense matrix result in lower material usage and superior durability compared to conventional concrete, but the implementation of UHPFRC in the Swedish industry has been delayed. The most evident explanation, based on interview with industry representatives, as to why UHPFRC is not commonly used in Sweden are due to the lack of standards and knowledge. UHPFRC also has a high cement content and the cement industry contributes with high carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions to the total CO2 emissions in the world. This MSc Thesis looks into if a UHPFRC bridge is a feasible alternative to a conventional reinforced concrete structure bridge from design and material usage perspectives, regarding reduction of CO2 emissions. The project’s overall goal is to increase the knowledge in Sweden about the material, regarding the production, mechanical properties and behaviour of UHPFRC, and the design, regarding the difference in design between UHPFRC and conventional concrete bridges. To examine the material, a UHPFRC mixture with short straight steel fibres was developed. Specimens were tested to see how the different fibre contents affect the mechanical properties and which fibre content that is most favourable. Three different fibre contents were tested: 1.5%, 2.0% and 2.5% of the total volume of the mixture. The tested and evaluated mechanical properties were workability, flexural strength, tensile strength, fracture energy, compressive strength and modulus of elasticity. This study does not contain tests of durability of UHPFRC, however trough the literature review it was investigated to what extent the fibres affect the durability. It was concluded that an increase in fibre content results in improved mechanical properties, except for workability and in some cases when using a fibre content of 2.5%. The increase in the mechanical properties is due to the increased cracking resistance and the bond strength between the fibres and the matrix. The decrease in the mechanical properties, e.g. characteristic tensile strength and compressive strength of cylinders, for 2.5% in fibre content can be due to uneven fibre distribution and higher amount of air in the specimens which result in less strength. It was concluded that 2.0% in fibre content is most favourable. It was possible to conclude that the degradation of the fibres takes a long time, however not to what extent the fibres will affect the durability. To evaluate if UHPFRC is a viable economical and environmental alternative to regular concrete bridges, three cases of bridge design are considered. Two cases with UHPFRC (different thickness) and one case with conventional concrete. Up to 2017 only technical guidelines and recommendations for design with UHPFRC existed, but in 2017 the first approved standards in the world were published. The French national standards cover material (NF P18-470, 2016) and design (NF P18-710, 2016) and were used for the design process. The material usage regarding the amount of reinforced UHPFRC/concrete and steel reinforcement as well as the amount of CO2 emissions from the production of cement and steel (fibre and steel reinforcement) used for the bridges in the mid-span and at the support were investigated. The design process was also evaluated. It was concluded that the UHPFRC bridge with an optimized thickness was 47% lighter than the conventional concrete bridge, but the amount of CO2 emissions was still higher (e.g. 23% from the support). To be able to determine if a UHPFRC bridge is a feasible alternative to a conventional concrete bridge, with regards to the reduction of CO2 emissions, the CO2 emissions have to be observed in a wider perspective than only from the production of cement and steel, e.g. fewer transports and longer lifetime.Användningen av ultrahögpresterande fiberbetong (UHPFRC) i anläggningsindustrin började på 1990-talet och har sedan dess använts till broar i hela världen. De mekaniska egenskaperna och den täta UHPFRC matrisen resulterar i lägre materialanvändning och bättre beständighet i jämförelse med konventionell betong, men användningen av UHPFRC har inte slagit igenom i den svenska industrin. De största förklaringarna till varför UHPFRC sällan används i Sverige är för att det inte har funnits kunskap och standarder. UHPFRC har också en hög cementhalt och cementindustrin bidrar med höga koldioxid (CO2) utsläpp till de totala CO2 utsläppen i världen. Den här masteruppsatsen skrevs för att undersöka om en UHPFRC bro är ett möjligt alternativ till en konventionell betongbro ur dimensionering- och materialanvändningssynpunkt med avseende på reduktion av CO2 utsläpp. Projektets övergripande mål är att öka kunskapen om materialet, med avseende på tillverkningen, de mekaniska egenskaperna och beteendet av UHPFRC, och dimensionering, med avseende på skillnaden i dimensionering mellan UHPFRC broar och konventionella betongbroar. I materialdelen utvecklades ett UHPFRC recept med korta raka stålfibrer. Provkroppar testades för att se hur olika fiberinnehåll påverkade de mekaniska egenskaperna och vilket fiberinnehåll som var mest gynnsamt. Tre olika fiberinnehåll testades: 1.5%, 2.0% och 2.5% av total volym av blandningen. De mekaniska egenskaperna som testades och utvärderades var bearbetbarheten, böjhållfasthet, draghållfasthet, fraktur energi, tryckhållfasthet och elasticitetsmodul. Beständigheten av UHPFRC testades aldrig men i vilken omfattning fibrerna påverkar beständigheten undersöktes i den litteraturstudie som skrevs inför testerna och tillverkningen av UHPFRC. Det konstaterades att en ökning i fiberinnehåll resulterade i en ökning av de mekaniska egenskaperna, förutom för bearbetbarheten och i vissa fall när ett fiberinnehåll av 2.5% användes. Ökningen av de mekaniska egenskaperna berodde på det ökande sprickmotståndet och bindningsstyrka mellan fibrerna och matrisen. Minskningen av de mekaniska egenskaperna, till exempel den karakteristiska drag- och tryckhållfastheten, när ett fiberinnehåll på 2.5% i cylindrar användes kan bero på ojämn fiberfördelning och större mängd luft i provkropparna vilket resulterar i lägre hållfasthet. Det konstaterades att ett fiberinnehåll på 2.0% var det mest gynnsamma. Det kunde inte konstateras i vilken omfattning fibrerna påverkar beständigheten men det kunde konstateras att nedbrytningen av fibrerna tar lång tid. I dimensioneringsdelen utformades tre slakarmerade balkbroöverbyggnader, i två fall var överbyggnaden med UHPFRC (olika tjocklekar) och i ett fall var den med konventionell betong. Fram till 2017 fanns det bara tekniska riktlinjer och rekommendationer för UHPFRC men 2017 publicerades de första godkända standarderna i världen. De franska nationella standarderna täcker material (NF P18-470, 2016) och dimensionering (NF P18-710, 2016) och användes vid dimensioneringen. Materialanvändningen med avseende på mängd armerad UHPFRC/betong och slakarmering och mängd CO2 utsläpp från produktionen av cement och stål (fibrer och slakarmering) som användes till broarna i mittenspannet och vid stöden undersöktes. Även dimensioneringsprocessen utvärderades. Det konstaterades att UHPFRC bron med optimerad tjocklek var 47% lättare än betongbron men mängden CO2 utsläpp var fortfarande högre (till exempel 23% högre från stödet). Det konstaterades att om det ska vara möjligt att fastställa att en UHPFRC bro är ett möjligt alternativ till en konventionell betongbro, med avseende på reduktion av CO2 utsläpp, måste CO2 utsläppen ses från ett bredare perspektiv än från bara produktion av cement och stål, till exempel mindre transporter och längre livslängd.
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Riad, Mourad Y. "Detection and analysis of deck cracks in a long span empirically designed bridge deck through embedded sensory systems." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2006. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=4582.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2006.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xi, 184 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 145-157).
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Matthews, Debra Sue. "Blast effects on prestressed concrete bridges." Online access for everyone, 2008. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Summer2008/D_Matthews_072908.pdf.
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Ruiz, Meléndez Sergio 1974. "Dynamics of prestressed concrete railway bridges." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84298.
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Thesis (M.Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2001.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 80-81).
by Sergio Ruiz Meléndez.
M.Eng.
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Hedlund, Nadja. "Non-Destructive Testing Of Concrete Bridges." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Byggkonstruktion och brand, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-81923.
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Non-destructive testing is of great value in cases where a structure's future is investigated to find out what the best measure is. It is not always the best solution to demolish and build new. Many structures can be repaired and function several more years. In this thesis the main goal is to investigate some different non-destructive techniques and learn more about difficulties and strengths. The test subjects will be a cast T-beam in a laboratory environment as well as a case study of a railway bridge in Abisko. The different testing equipment being used in this thesis is a covermeter, a rebound hammer and ultrasonic pulse velocity. For both the T-beam and the bridge the results are overall very good. The covermeter is proven to be both easy to use and very reliable and the ultrasonic pulse velocity was more to learn about and more difficult but is giving very good results as well. Conclusions after the thesis project is that it requires a lot of experience of the user and time to make non-destructive testing useful and competitive in the society. Getting all the pieces together it is a powerful tool that hopefully is a sustainable asset in the future, regarding both economic and environmental issues.
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Prowell, Brian D. "The evaluation of corrosion inhibitors for the repair and rehabilitation of reinforced concrete bridge components." Thesis, This resource online, 1992. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-09292009-020105/.
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Slapkus, Adam. "Evaluation of Georgia's high performance concerete bridge." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/19479.
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Rashid, Shahbaz. "Parametric study of bridge response to high speed trains, ballasted track on concrete bridges." Thesis, KTH, Bro- och stålbyggnad, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-99385.
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When a train enters a bridge, passenger sitting inside will feel a sudden bump in the track, which not only affect the riding comfort of the passengers but also put a dynamic impact on the bridge structure. Due to this impact force, we have very serious maintenance problems in the track close to the bridge structure. This sudden bump is produced when train travelling on the track suddenly hit by a very stiff medium like bridge structure. In order to reduce this effect, transition zones are introduced before the bridge so that the change in stiffness will occur gradually without producing any bump. This master thesis examine the effect of track stiffness on the bridge dynamic response under different train speeds from 150 to 350 km/h with interval 5 km/h and also estimate the minimum length of transition zones require to reduce the effect of change in stiffness on the bridge. Study also gives us some guidelines about the choice of loading model of the train, location of maximum vertical acceleration, effect of ballast model on the results and minimum length of transition zone needs to include in the bridge-track FE-model, for dynamic analysis of the concrete bridges. To carry out this research MATLAB is used to produce an input file for the ABAQUS FEM program. ABAQUS will first read this file, model the bridge and then analysis the bridge. MATLAB will again read the result file, process the result data and plot the necessary graphs. The Swedish X2000 train is used for this study, which has been modeled with two different methods: moving load model and sprung mass model, in order to see the difference in results. For verification of the MATLAB-ABAQUS model, a 42m long bridge is analysed and results are compared with known results. In this study, concrete simply supported bridges with spans of 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 m have been analysed.
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Kgoboko, Kobamelo. "Collapse behaviour of non-ductile partially prestressed concrete bridge girders." Title page, contents and summary only, 1987. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09EN/09enk445.pdf.
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Smolenski, Peter James. "Field instrumentation and live load testing to evaluate behaviors of three reinforced concrete bridge decks." Thesis, Montana State University, 2004. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2004/smolenski/SmolenskiP0805.pdf.
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Moore, Wendy LeAnn. "Performance of fire-damaged prestressed concrete bridges." Diss., Rolla, Mo. : Missouri University of Science and Technology, 2008. http://scholarsmine.mst.edu/thesis/pdf/Moore_MS_09007dcc806789ec.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Missouri University of Science and Technology, 2008.Appendix included as 690 pages at end of thesis. Vita. The entire thesis text is included in file. Title from title screen of thesis/dissertation PDF file (viewed June 8, 2009) Includes bibliographical references (p. 133-138).
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Merrigan, James P. "Analysis of concrete removal technologies in bridge rehabilitation." Thesis, This resource online, 1990. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-03242009-040833/.
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White, Ellen T. "Development of an Index for Concrete Bridge Deck Management in Utah." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2006. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd1453.pdf.
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Liu, Chi-ho Timothy. "Investigation of temperature distribution in highway bridges /." [Hong Kong] : University of Hong Kong, 1985. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B12321758.
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Bagge, Niklas. "Structural assessment procedures for existing concrete bridges : Experiences from failure tests of the Kiruna Bridge." Doctoral thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Byggkonstruktion och brand, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-63000.
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Assessing existing bridges is an important task in the sustainable management ofinfrastructure. In practice, structural bridge assessments are usually conducted usingtraditional and standardised methods, despite knowledge that these methods oftenprovide conservative estimates. In addition, more advanced methods are available, suchas nonlinear finite element (FE) analysis, that are used for research purposes and cansimulate the structural behaviour of bridges more accurately. Therefore, it would beuseful to develop practical and reliable procedures for refined assessments using theseadvanced techniques.Focusing on the ultimate load-carrying capacity of existing concrete bridges, this thesispresents a procedure for structural assessments. The fundamental idea is to improve theassessment successively, as necessary to predict bridges’ structural behaviour adequately.The procedure involves a multi-level assessment strategy with four levels of structuralanalysis, and an integrated framework for safety verification. At the initial level (Level 1)of the multi-level strategy, traditional standardised methods are used, no failures arecovered implicitly in the structural analysis and action effects are verified using localresistances calculated using analytical models. In the subsequent enhanced levels (Levels2 – 4), nonlinear FE analysis is used for stepwise integration of the verification of flexural,shear-related and anchorage failures into the structural analysis. The framework for safetyverifications includes partial safety factor (PSF), global resistance safety factor (GRSF) andfull probabilistic methods. Within each of these groups, verifications of desired safetymargins can be conducted with varying degrees of complexity.To demonstrate and evaluate the proposed structural assessment procedure, comparativestudies have been carried out, based on full-scale tests of a prestressed concrete bridge.This was the Kiruna Bridge, located in the northernmost city in Sweden, which was duefor demolition as part of a city transformation project, necessitated by large grounddeformations caused by the large nearby mine. Thus, it was available for destructiveexperimental investigation within the doctoral project presented in this thesis. The bridgehad five continuous spans, was 121.5 m long and consisted of three parallel girders with a connecting slab at the top. Both the girders and slab were tested to failure to investigatetheir structural behaviour and load-carrying capacity. Non-destructive and destructivetests were also applied to determine the residual prestress forces in the bridge girders andinvestigate the in situ applicability of methods developed for this purpose. The so-calledsaw-cut method and decompression-load method were used after refinement to enabletheir application to structures of such complexity. The variation of the experimentallydetermined residual prestress forces was remarkably high, depending on the sectioninvestigated. There were also high degrees of uncertainty in estimated values, and thusare only regarded as indications of the residual prestress force.Level 1 analysis of the multi-level assessment strategy consistently underestimatedcapacity, relative to the test results, and did not provide accurate predictions of the shearrelatedfailure observed in the test. With linear FE analysis and local resistance modelsdefined by the European standard, Eurocode 2, the load-carrying capacity wasunderestimated by 32 % for the bridge girder and 55 % for the bridge deck slab. At theenhanced level of structural analysis (Level 3), nonlinear FE analyses predicted thecapacities with less than 2 % deviation from the test results and correctly predicted thefailure mode. However, for existing bridges there are many uncertainties, for instance,the FE simulations were sensitive to the level of residual prestressing, boundaryconditions and assumed material parameters. To accurately take these aspects intoaccount, bridge-specific information is crucial.The complete structural assessment procedure, combining the multi-level strategy andsafety verification framework, was evaluated in a case study. Experiences from theprevious comparative studies were used in an assessment of the Kiruna Bridge followingthe Swedish assessment code. The initial assessment at Level 1 of the multi-level strategyand safety verification, using the PSF method, indicated that the shear capacity of one ofthe girders was critical. The most adverse load case (a combination of permanent loads,prestressing and variable traffic loads) was further investigated through enhancedstructural analyses implicitly accounting for flexural and shear-related failures (Level 3).Nonlinear FE analysis and safety evaluation using the PSF method, several variants of theGRSF method and the full probabilistic analysis for resistance indicated that the permittedaxle load for the critical classification vehicle could be 5.6 – 6.5 times higher than thelimit obtained from the initial assessment at Level 1. However, the study also indicatedthat the model uncertainty was not fully considered in these values. The modeluncertainty was shown to have strong effects on the safety verification and (thus)permissible axle loads. The case study also highlighted the need for a strategy forsuccessively improving structural analysis to improve understanding of bridges’ structuralbehaviour. The refined analysis indicated a complex failure mode, with yielding of thestirrups in the bridge girders and transverse flexural reinforcement in the bridge deck slab,but with a final shear failure of the slab. It would be impossible to capture suchcomplexity in a traditional standardised assessment, which (as mentioned) indicated thatthe shear capacity of the girder limited permissible axle loads. However, nonlinear FEanalyses are computationally demanding, and numerous modelling choices are required.Besides a strategy for rationally improving the analysis and helping analysts to focus oncritical aspects, detailed guidelines for nonlinear FE analysis should be applied to reduce the analyst-dependent variability of results and (thus) the model uncertainty. Clearly, toensure the validity of bridge assessment methods under in situ conditions, theirevaluations should include in situ tests. This thesis presents outcomes of such tests, therebyhighlighting important aspects for future improvements in the assessment of existingbridges.
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Tuttle, Robert S. "Condition Analysis of Concrete Bridge Decks in Utah." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2005. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd853.pdf.
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Frost, Stephen Litster. "Effect of Stay-in-Place Metal Forms on Performance of Concrete Bridge Decks." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2006. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd1349.pdf.
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Middleton, Campbell Ross. "Strength and safety assessment of concrete bridges." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.337926.
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Cavell, Dominique Grace. "Assessment of deteriorating post-tensioned concrete bridges." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.267182.
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Cardoso, Renato Azevedo. "Design of composite steel and concrete bridges." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/16976.
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mestrado em Engenharia CivilO trabalho aqui apresentado visa dar uma compreensão didática do dimensionamento de pontes mistas de aço e betão, assim como avaliar a resposta estrutural sob condições de serviço de pontes mistas, quando sujeitas a diferentes processos construtivos. Tendo isto em consideração, é apresentada uma descrição teórica, seguindo-se um exemplo numérico e um estudo focado no comportamento em serviço de pontes mistas, quando sujeitas a diferentes processos construtivos. A descrição teórica estabelece uma breve exposição das formas e dos elementos estruturais de uma ponte mista, seguindo-se as principais formas construtivas e as principais vantagens associadas a este tipo de pontes, terminando com uma descrição das etapas de cálculo de acordo com as metodologias preconizadas pelos Eurocódigos, com o intuito de desenvolver um conhecimento teórico relacionado com o dimensionamento de pontes mistas de aço e betão. O exemplo numérico tem como objetivo aplicar o conhecimento adquirido, exemplificando as diferentes etapas de cálculo do dimensionamento de pontes mistas, dando especial ênfase às diferentes ações que atuam na ponte e a forma como estas são modeladas, assim como à verificação aos estados limite último e de serviço das seções transversais do tabuleiro misto. O estudo focado no comportamento ao serviço das pontes mistas de aço e betão tem como finalidade analisar e avaliar a resposta estrutural das pontes mistas sob condições de serviço, quando sujeitas a diferentes processos construtivos. Assim sendo, o estado de tensões e as deformações devidas a cargas de curta e longa duração, bem como os efeitos da fissuração do betão sobre as zonas de suportes são analisados. Esta análise estrutural é efetuada com o programa de análise e dimensionamento MIDAS/Civil 2015 (V2.2).
The work presented herein aims to give a didactical understanding related to the composite bridge designing according to the methodologies proposed by Eurocodes, as well as to evaluate the structural response under service conditions of composite bridges when considering different construction processes. Taking this into account, a theoretical description, followed by a numerical example, until a study focused on the serviceability behaviour of composite bridges when considering different construction processes are presented. The theoretical description establishes a brief description related to the structural forms and structural elements of a composite bridge, followed by the main constructive forms and the advantages of such type of bridges, until description of the steps calculation according to the methodologies performed by Eurocodes, in order to develop a theoretical knowledge related to the steel concrete composite bridge designing. The numerical example aims to apply the acquired knowledge, exemplifying the different calculation steps of a composite bridge designing, highlighting the various actions acting on the bridge, and how they are modelled, as well as the verification at ultimate and serviceability limit states of the deck cross sections. The study focused on the serviceability behaviour of composite bridges aims to analyse and evaluate the structural response under service conditions when considering different construction processes. Taking this into consideration, short and long term stresses, deflections, as well as the effect of concrete cracking above supports are analysed. This study is solved through the analysis Program MIDAS/Civil 2015 (V2.2).
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Sartorti, Artur Lenz. "Identificação de patologias em pontes de vias urbanas e rurais no municipio de Campinas-SP." [s.n.], 2008. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/257673.
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Orientador: Nilson Tadeu MasciaDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil e Arquitetura
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Resumo: A existência de um grande número de pontes com problemas patológicos importantes motiva a pesquisa sobre este assunto. As pontes de pequeno e médio porte têm relevância significativa para o desenvolvimento econômico e social do país, pois devem assegurar o trânsito de pessoas, veículos e matérias primas e escoamento dos produtos gerados. No entanto, o estado precário em que se encontra grande parte das pontes em vias urbanas e rurais, dificulta o deslocamento, causando desconforto e insegurança aos usuários. Além disso, elevam-se os custos de transporte para os produtores e de manutenção para as prefeituras. Diante desta realidade, busca-se nesse trabalho, avaliar o estado de conservação de pontes de pequeno e médio porte em vias urbanas e rurais na região de Campinas (SP). Desta forma, um correto embasamento teórico do assunto permitirá a adoção da acertada atitude frente a um quadro patológico. Sendo assim, esta pesquisa foca uma ampla revisão bibliográfica abrangendo o estado-da-arte do projeto de pontes e da identificação das patologias nas estruturas metálicas, de concreto armado e/ou protendido e de madeira, e também visa estabelecer conceitos que serão aplicados quando da escolha do método corretivo. Além do embasamento teórico, buscou-se constatar "in loco" a manifestação de patologias em nove pontes na região do município de Campinas (SP), apresentando-se sugestões quanto à profilaxia e correção em cada caso. Para colaborar com as sugestões, foram desenvolvidos dois projetos de pontes tipo anexados à pesquisa, os quais são de estruturas mistas de aço-concreto e de madeira. Finalmente observa-se a partir da presente pesquisa, que existe a necessidade de um mapeamento rigoroso das pontes urbanas e rurais com vistas de elevar a vida útil e garantir maior segurança à sociedade.
Abstract: The existence of a great number of bridges with pathological problems motivates the research on this subject. The small and medium bridges have a main importance to the economic and social development of the country, due to they must guarantee the people, vehicle, and raw material transit and the flow of manufacture products. However, the precarious condition that a great part of the bridges is in the city and in the rural area and has difficult the movement, causing discomfort and insecurity to people. Besides, there is an increase of the cost of transport to the producer and of the maintenance to the town hall. In the presence of this reality, this work intends to evaluate the conservation state of small and medium bridges in the city and in the rural area in the region of Campinas (SP). Thus, a consistent theoretical base about this subject will permit to choose a right attitude on a pathological way and this research focuses on a complete review of bibliography covering the state-of-art of the bridge design and the pathological identify of steel, reinforced or prestressed concrete and wood structures and also will establish concepts that will be applied to the choice of a corrective method. Apart from this theoretical base, it was presented, "in loco", the pathological demonstration of nine bridges in the region of Campinas (SP), and proposed suggestions about the treatment and correction in each case. To collaborate with these suggestions, two pattern projects of bridges, which were of concrete and steel composite structure and of wood, were developed and annexed to this research. Finally, through this research it is noticed that there is a need of a rigorous mapping of the urban and rural bridges to elevate their useful life and to guarantee the right security to the society.
Mestrado
Estruturas
Mestre em Engenharia Civil
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Sibanda, Bongani. "Vibration based performance assessment of concrete-concrete composite bridges." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/8988.
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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 142-148).Concrete composites consisting of precast pre-stressed standardized beams and a cast in-situ deck slab have been used for the construction of short to medium span bridges for the past four decades in South Africa and worldwide. The pre-cast beams and cast in-situ slab are commonly connected using shear connectors. Failure of these connectors would compromise the composite action of the structure, thus reducing the load carrying capacity and hence its efficiency. This study seeks to assess the integrity of such shear connectors using dynamic testing and Finite Element (FE) analysis. The main objective of the work is to assess the practicality of vibration-based techniques to detect damaged shear connectors using experimental and analytical modal data. A scaled bridge model was constructed and 10 mm bolts connected the beams and slab to simulate shear connectors in the prototype bridge. Different damage scenarios were introduced by loosening some of the connectors and vibration testing was done to detect the artificial damage. An FE model of the system was also developed. The shear connectors were modelled as non-linear spring elements capable of simulating the composite action between the slab and beams. Damage of shear connectors was simulated by reducing the spring stiffness. The updating of the FE model was done manually by adjusting appropriate spring stiffnesses. The experimental and analytical results show that the natural frequencies are sensitive to this damage. The frequencies dropped from undamaged to severe damaged structure. Very little information was deduced from the damping ratios, modal assurance criteria (MAC) and coordinate modal assurance criteria (COMAC) values. The experimental and analytical first bending, torsion and transverse modes were sensitive to the damaged shear connectors. 65% of damaged connectors were located using these modes. Using experimental modal data, the mode curvatures and flexibility changes were able to locate the damaged region when more than 35% of shear connectors were loosened. However, using numerical data, the mode curvatures and flexibility changes were able to localize the damaged region for 6% damage introduced. 75% of the loosened connectors were identified. The stiffness change technique could only identify less than 10% of damaged shear connectors using experimental modal data. The same technique was applied on analytical data and over 75% of damaged shear connectors were located. The FE modelling of shear connectors used in this work was applied on an existing bridge. Van der Kloof bridge (South Africa) was constructed using precast pre-stressed beams and a cast in-situ slab. Extended beam web stirrups were used as shear connectors. The main aim was to develop a robust FE model for this bridge that could be used in future to investigate the condition of shear connectors. Using 6-0 non-linear spring elements to model the shear connectors, a maximum difference of 0.98% was observed between the measured and theoretical frequencies after manual updating. This is quite a small difference. This model could therefore be used as a true representative of the physical structure for future investigations.
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Saad, Ahmad. "Material properties of concrete used in skewed concrete bridges." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för byggteknik (BY), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-54412.
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This thesis has discussed both properties and geometry of concrete slabs used in bridges. It gave understanding on behavior of concrete in both tension and compression zones and how crack propagates in specimens by presenting both theory of fracture and performing concrete tests like tension splitting, uniaxial compression and uniaxial tension tests. Furthermore, it supported experimental tests with finite elements modelling for each test, and illustrated both boundary conditions and loads. The thesis has used ARAMIS cameras to observe crack propagations in all experimental tests, and its first study at LNU that emphasized on Brazilian test, because of importance of this test to describe both crushing and cracking behavior of concrete under loading. It’s an excellent opportunity to understand how concrete and steel behave individually and in combination with each other, and to understand fracture process zone, and this has been discussed in theory chapter. The geometry change that could affect stresses distributions has also described in literature and modelled to give good idea on how to model slabs in different angles in the methodology chapter. Thus, thesis will use finite elements program (Abaqus) to model both experimental specimens and concrete slabs without reinforcement to emphasize on concrete behavior and skewness effect. This means studying both properties of concrete and geometry of concrete slabs. This thesis has expanded experimental tests and chose bridges as an application.
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García, San Martín Lorea. "Life Cycle Assessment of Railway Bridges : Developing a LCA tool for evaluating Railway Bridges." Thesis, KTH, Bro- och stålbyggnad, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-40590.
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The global understanding that natural resources and non renewable energy sources are not inexhaustible has been growing lately together with the increase of conscientiousness on the consequences that our demanding way of life has on the environment. Global warming, ozone layer depletion, the greenhouse effect or the acid rain, are some of these consequences, which may reach catastrophic levels if nothing is done to emend the actual situation. Lately, society is beginning to see sustainability not only as a needed requirement but as a distinctive value which has to be pursued by the different areas of society involved and responsible for a sustainable development such as public administration and companies, engineers and researchers. As a fundamental part of society, infrastructures have utmost importance in sustainable development. Even more when it comes to rail transport infrastructure, given the important role of rail transport in the development of a sustainable society. That is why engineers should make an effort to use all the tools available to choose the best structural design, which not only meets structural requirements, but has also a good performance for the environment. To do so, engineers must focus on using renewable sources or energy and materials, increasing the life of the existing infrastructures, making them more durable. When it comes to railway bridges, it is preferable to reuse and adapt existing structures than tear them down to build new ones. In this line, environmental assessment methodologies provide an incredibly valuable tool for help decision-makers and engineers to identify and select the best alternative design regarding environmental issues. Therefore, it is important to count on a common basis and established criteria together with a systematic methodology in order to obtain reliable results to compare alternatives and make the right decisions. However, nowadays, there exists very little guidance to perform this kind of analysis, and an extensive variety of databases and methodologies non standardized, which leads to uncertainties when it comes to evaluate and compare the obtained results. This thesis means to be a good guide for engineers, when performing a Life Cycle Assessment of a railway bridge, and to become a useful tool to compare several alternatives to identify the best option relating the environmental burdens involved. With this purpose, in order to know the state of the art of LCA methodology, it has been studied a wide range of existing literature and previous studies performed to analyze bridges and building materials. Finally, it has been developed an own methodology based on all the research done before, and implemented in an Excel application program based on Visual Basic macros, which means to be easy to use with a simple user interface, and to provide reliable results. The application is useful for assessing, repair or improving existing bridges, where the amounts of materials and energy are known, but can also be helpful in the design phase to compare different alternatives. It also allows using different weighting methodologies according to several reference sources depending on the case of study. The application is tested by carrying out a Life Cycle Assessment of a Spanish railway bridge located in the city center of Vitoria-Gasteiz, evaluating the different structures that conform the bridge system thorough all the stages of its life cycle identifying the most contributive parameters to the environmental impacts. The study was carried out over a 100 year time horizon. In the case of performing the LCA of this particular bridge, the contribution of the whole bridge is taken into consideration. When comparing two different bridges, the application has the option to compare them in the same basis, dividing by length and width of the bridge, which is a helpful tool if both bridges are not the same size. All stages of the life cycle were considered: the material stage, construction, the use and maintenance stage, and the end of life. The material stage includes the raw material extraction, production and distribution. The construction stage accounts the diesel, electricity and water consumption during construction activities. The use and maintenance stage covers the reparation and replacing operations. And the end of life covers several scenarios. In this case of study, in order not to interrupt the rail traffic, the bridge was constructed parallel to its final location, and then moved into the right place with hydraulic jacks. This leads to an important auxiliary structure with its own foundations, which has a significant contribution to the overall environmental impact. The scenario chosen for the end of life was based on similar actuation in other constructions in the proximities of the bridge, as the bridge is already in use. These assumptions were to recycle 70 % of the concrete and 90 % of the steel; all the wood used for formwork was disposed as landfill. The results obtained, weighted according to the US Environmental Protection Agency, shows that the main contributor to the environmental impacts is the material phase, with the 64 % of the total weighted results with concrete and steel production as principal factors, followed by timber production. These processes account great amounts of CO 2emissions, which makes essential to focus on reducing the impact of the material processes by optimizing the processes but mainly by reusing materials from other constructions as much as it may be possible. The maintenance activities have some importance due to the frequency of the track replacement, assumed to be once every 25 years. While construction does not imply great burdens for the environment, the end of life causes the 33 % of the overall bridge impact. This is due to the timber formwork disposal as landfill and to a lesser extent because of the recycling of the steel. The timber disposal increases widely the eutrophication effect, and will be easy to be reused in further constructions. Regarding the different parts of the bridge structure, the auxiliary structure has an important contribution with the 61 % of the overall weighted impact. As it is a concrete bridge, both the substructure and superstructure has similar contribution. The substructure has a slightly higher impact with the 21 % and the superstructure the 15 %. Rail structure and transport have very little contribution.
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Coulombe, Chantal. "Seismic retrofit of a reinforced concrete bridge bent." Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=99754.
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This research project is the second part of a research program carried out by Itagawa (2005) who studied the seismic response of a half-scale model of an existing Montreal bridge built in the 1960's. This project studies the seismic behaviour of the retrofit carried out on the frame structure studied in the first part of the research program. The retrofit was made following the requirements of the current Canadian Highway Bridge Design Code (CHBDC). The philosophy of the CHBDC is to provide flexural yielding in the ductile elements so that brittle failure modes such as shear are prevented. This capacity-design approach resulted in a ductile response and significant energy dissipation of the retrofitted structure.The retrofit was designed in accordance with the CHBDC provisions. The cap beam and the beam-column joint regions were strengthened with a reinforced concrete sleeve containing additional transverse and longitudinal bars so that plastic hinging would form in the columns. This retrofit represents minimum intervention to improve the response of the frame. The retrofit frame was then subjected to both gravity loads and reversed cyclic loading to simulate seismic loading on the structure. The predictions of the response of the retrofitted frame provided reasonable estimates of first yielding in the column and the general yielding of the frame. Although the columns would not meet the requirements for ductile columns, they had sufficient shear strength and did exhibit a displacement ductility of about 2.3.
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Davis, Rodney T. "Measurement based performance evaluation of a segmental concrete bridge /." Digital version accessible at:, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
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Travis, Douglas Lee. "Development of high strength / high performance concretes for use in precast prestressed bridges." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/19079.
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Endeshaw, Mesay Abebaw. "Seismic retrofit of rectangular bridge columns using CFRP wrapping." Online access for everyone, 2008. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Spring2008/M_Endeshaw_030408.pdf.
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Wang, Xin Jun. "Failure criterion for masonry arch bridges." Thesis, University of Dundee, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.318150.
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Ranf, R. Tyler. "Model selection for performance-based earthquake engineering of bridges /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10176.
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Yang, Yingnan. "Life-cycle maintenance management framework for concrete bridge elements in Hong Kong." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2009. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B43085209.
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Rao, Akash Schindler Anton K. "Evaluation of early-age cracking sensitivity in bridge deck concrete." Auburn, Ala, 2008. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/EtdRoot/2008/FALL/Civil_Engineering/Thesis/Rao_Akash_56.pdf.
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Thiebault, Vincent. "Design of railway bridges considering LCA." Thesis, KTH, Bro- och stålbyggnad, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-36362.
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Environmental awareness has strongly increased these last years, especially in the developed countries where societies have become increasingly preoccupied by the natural resource depletion and environmental degradation. At the same time, the increasing mass transportation demand throughout the European Union requires the development of new infrastructures. Life Cycle Assessment is increasingly used to provide environmental information for decision-makers, when a choice is to be made about the transportation mode to be implemented on a given route. In a life-cycle perspective, not only the environmental pressure of the operation of vehicles but also the burden from the infrastructure, in particular bridges as key links of the road and railway networks, has to be assessed when comparing transportation modes. Based on an extensive literature review, a simplified quantitative LCA is implemented in order to compare the environmental performance of two railway bridge designs. It is meant to be useful at an early stage in the design process, when no detailed information about the bridge is available, and when rough environmental estimations are needed. The Excel based model covers the entire life-cycle of the bridge, from raw material extraction to construction materials recycling and disposal. Various assumptions and omissions are made to narrow the scope of the analysis. For instance, processes that are found insignificant in the literature are omitted, and only a limited set of relevant emissions and impacts to the environment is considered. The model provides fully transparent results at the inventory and impact assessment level. The streamlined approach is tested by comparing the environmental burden throughout the life-cycle of a steel-concrete composite railway bridge on a single span, equipped with either a ballasted or a fixed concrete single track. The results show that the environmental impacts of the fixed track alternative are lower than that of the ballasted track alternative, for every impact categories. In a sustainable development perspective, it would thus have been preferable to install a fixed track over the bridge to reduce its overall impact on the environment by about 77%. The raw material phase is found decisive in the life-cycle of both alternatives. The frequency of the replacement of the track is identified as a key environmental parameter, since the road traffic emissions during bridge closure nearly overwhelmed the other life-cycle stages.
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Elgazzar, Hesham, and Viktor Ansnaes. "Concrete Cracks in Composite Bridges : A Case Study of the Bothnia Line Railway Bridge over Ångermanälven." Thesis, KTH, Bro- och stålbyggnad, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-100831.
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Cracks in the concrete slab of continuous composite bridges are common due to the tensile stresses at the supports. These bridges are allowed to crack as long as the cracking is controlled and not exceeding the design crack width (according to Bro 94 the crack should be injected if they are bigger than 0.2 mm). The Ångermanälven Bridge (railway bridge part of the Bothnia line project) was designed with big edge beams of width 1.2 m, 40 % of the total area of the concrete deck cross-section. During the final inspection cracks larger than the design crack width (0.3 mm according to Bro 94) were observed over the supports.In this thesis the design and the construction procedure of the bridge is studied to clarify the causes of the cracking in the edge beam. The objectives of this thesis were addressed through a literature study of the different types of cracks and the Swedish bridge codes. The expected crack width was calculate according to the same code, using a 2-D FEM model for the moment calculation, and compared with the crack width measured at the bridge.The result of the calculations shows that tensile stress due to ballast and only restraining moment due to shrinkage is not big enough to cause the measured crack width. Shrinkage force and temperature variation effects may have contributed to the concrete cracking in the edge beams. The large cross-section area of the edge beams indicates that it should be designed as part of the slab, taking that into consideration, 1.1 % reinforcement ratio in the edge beams is believed to limit the crack width to the code limits (0.3 mm).
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Dachelet, Darren O'Brien Schindler Anton K. "The effectiveness of self-consolidating concrete (SCC) for drilled shaft construction." Auburn, Ala, 2008. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/EtdRoot/2008/SUMMER/Civil_Engineering/Thesis/Dachelet_Darren_26.pdf.
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Ibrahim, Ahmed M. M. "Three-dimensional thermal analysis of curved concrete box-girder bridges." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1995. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ43535.pdf.
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Prada, Julian Ignacio. "Development of high performance concrete for prestressed bridges." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/19487.
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Macía, Juan. "Design of concrete bridges for sustainability and durability." Thesis, McGill University, 2012. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=106496.
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Sustainable and durable infrastructure facilities, including bridges, require optimum use of all resources involving reduction of energy and water consumption during all project phases, including planning, design, construction, maintenance, operations, repair and rehabilitation, and finally decommissioning and disposal of the debris at the end of its service life. Design of a sustainable and durable bridge structure requires consideration of a few feasible alternatives to develop an optimum option to fulfill all of the relevant limit states, with the best life-cycle performance and with the lowest life-cycle costs. The current national standards do not account for the observed increases in operating loads and the increasing deterioration of bridge structures over their service life. While these standards emphasize quality control in choice of materials, design and construction, they do not provide guidance and scientific tools to design and maintain a bridge structure for durability over its service life, and include only prescriptive tools for preventing some deterioration modes. This research program integrates sustainability and durability in the design of a conventional bridge structure in a cold climate country, subjected to the various mechanical natural and man-made loads and an aggressive environment, and considers the performance of the various materials and structural components over the design service life. The latest available models of the relevant deterioration modes have been incorporated in the life-cycle performance and design considerations. The basic procedure adopts a multiple protection strategy for all deterioration modes, resulting from the relevant aggressive actions, and integrates durability considerations with structural calculations for the final design and defines maintenance strategies and any needed supplementary protection techniques. The design-for-durability procedure is illustrated in a worked out bridge design example.Les infrastructures durables, incluant les ponts, ont besoin de l'utilisation optimale de ressources naturelles, en considérant une réduction de la consommation d'énergie, des matériaux et d'eau pendant toutes les phases du projet, tels que la conception, la construction, l'entretien, l'opération, la réfection, le renouvellement et finalement le démantèlement à la fin de la vie de service. La conception de ponts sous le principe du développement durable demande la mise en considération de quelques possibles solutions qui répondent aux différents états limites à respecter, avec la meilleure performance et les coûts les plus bas pendant la vie de service de l'ouvrage. Les normes de conception de ponts au niveau national ne considèrent pas l'augmentation des charges d'opération ni l'accroissement de la détérioration des ouvrages d'art pendant leur vie de service. Bien que ces normes mettent l'accent sur le contrôle de la qualité pendant la sélection des matériaux de construction, la conception et la construction, elles ne fournissent pas de directives ni des outils scientifiques pour faire la conception et l'entretien des structures pour atteindre une durabilité spécifique selon la vie de service requise. Ces normes incluent seulement des outils prescriptifs pour prévenir quelques modes de détérioration.Ce programme de recherche fait l'intégration des principes du développement durable avec la conception classique des structures de ponts dans un pays de climat froid, soumis à différents charges mécaniques et environnementales d'origine naturelle et artificielle. Il considère aussi la performance des différents matériaux de construction et composants structuraux pendant la vie de service du pont. Les plus récents modèles disponibles concernant les modes de détérioration de matériaux de construction, ont été incorporés dans les considérations de la vie de service et la conception de la structure. La procédure de base adopte une stratégie de protection multiple contre tous les modes de détérioration qui résultent des actions environnementales agressives. Elle intègre les considérations de durabilité avec les calculs de conception structurale d'une manière itérative jusqu'à l'identification de la conception définitive. Cette procédure inclut l'utilisation des mesures de protection supplémentaire, ainsi que la définition des stratégies d'entretien. La procédure de conception pour la durabilité est illustrée à travers un exemple détaillé de conception d'un pont.
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Haji, Arshad Abdul Aziz. "Moment continuity for simply supported pretensioned concrete bridges." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.267146.
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Wong, Samuel Sun-Wing. "Collapse behaviour of micro-concrete box girders bridges." Thesis, City University London, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.264246.
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Ziadet, G. "Time-dependant analysis of prestressed concrete segmental bridges." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.233584.
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