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1
Siwowski, Tomasz, and Piotr Żółtowski. "Strengthening Bridges with Prestressed CFRP Strips." Selected Scientific Papers - Journal of Civil Engineering 7, no. 1 (June 1, 2012): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10299-012-0021-2.
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Abstract Limitation of bridge’s carrying bearing capacity due to aging and deterioration is a common problem faced by road administration and drivers. Rehabilitation of bridges including strengthening may be applied in order to maintain or upgrade existing bridge parameters. The case studies of strengthening of two small bridges with high modulus prestressed CFRP strips have been presented in the paper. The first one - reinforced concrete slab bridge - and the other - composite steel-concrete girder bridge - have been successfully upgraded with quite new technology. In both cases the additional CFRP reinforcement let increasing of bridge carrying capacity from 15 till 40 metric tons. The CFRP strip prestressing system named Neoxe Prestressing System (NPS), developed by multi-disciplinary team and tested at full scale in Rzeszow University of Technology, has been also described in the paper.
2
Ye, Yi, Shen Shan Pan, and Zhe Zhang. "A Method of Strengthening Concrete Suspension Bridges." Advanced Materials Research 163-167 (December 2010): 3707–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.163-167.3707.
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The method of strengthening the existing reinforced concrete suspension bridges by changing suspension system into cable – stayed- suspension system is presented in this paper. Based on a typical bridge, the analysis of the static behavior of the bridge before and after the strengthening is preformed. The results show that the bending moment of the girder is reduced obviously and the capacity of carrying load is greatly improved. The original cable system is fully utilized and can meet force requirement. It has certain theory significance and practical engineering value to the similar bridge’s strengthening.
3
Yu, Tong-Hua. "Concrete trussed arch bridges in China." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 14, no. 6 (December 1, 1987): 820–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l87-120.
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In this paper, the following points are presented: the valuable advantages of the concrete trussed arch bridge; the design consideration and simplified analysis of the bridge; the level of secondary stresses induced in the ends of truss members; the application of prestress to tensile members and bending sections of trusses; and different ways of construction of the bridge.A five-span prestressed concrete trussed arch bridge named the Zhushanlu Road Bridge at Jingdezhen City, Jiangxi Province, is described as an example of medium span bridges of the type popularly adopted in Chinese highway system and the municipal construction since the late sixties. Key words: prestressed concrete, hinged truss, thrust, secondary stress, anchorage, pretensioning, precast.
4
Helowicz, Andrzej. "Integral bridge and culvert design, Designer’s experience." Open Engineering 10, no. 1 (June 5, 2020): 499–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eng-2020-0059.
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AbstractThis paper describes a small single-span integral bridge made of in-situ concrete. The bridge was designed by the author and built on the M9 motorway between the towns of Waterford and Kilcullen in Ireland. Selected parts of the bridge design are presented. First the principles of modelling and designing integral bridges and culverts are explained. Then the considered bridge’s design is described. The advantages and disadvantages of such structures are discussed. The focus is on the design, construction, cost and in-service behaviour of small integral bridges and culverts. In Conclusions the author shares his knowledge and experience relating to the design of small integral bridges and culverts and puts forward recommendations as to further research on this type of structures in Poland.
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Che, Xiao Jun, Xie Dong Zhang, and Chao Yang. "Remaining Pre-Stress Identification of Diseased Pre-Stressed Concrete Bridges Based on Neural Network." Advanced Materials Research 639-640 (January 2013): 1056–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.639-640.1056.
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According to experimental record of bridges in use, more and more damage bridges have appeared, and the most common and severe defect is the bridge damage and cracking problem, which has seriously affected the normal usage of bridges. Analyzing the disease cause of defective bridges more effectively and deeply, in order to optimize the design and construction of bridges becomes the urgent problem in the engineering field. The study is based on the design, construction data and experimental record of the bridge.A non-linear mapping function from multiple input data (the deck elevation of each element in destructing) to multiple output data(the change of pre-stress) is constructed within BP neural networks. Based on the theory of continuous function, the convergence is disadvantageous between 0 and 1. The study shows the expected output data between 0.05 and 0.95 are better for convergence. According to the real data of bridge floor line change in process of destruction, the released pre-stresses are recognized, and the real pre-stresses in existence are calculated by scheme of cable design. The study not only offers reliable scientific basis for analyzing the disease cause in the bridges, but also is helpful to design of the bridges having same structural style.
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Su, Dan, Yi-Sheng Liu, Xin-Tong Li, Xiao-Yan Chen, and Dong-Han Li. "Management Path of Concrete Beam Bridge in China from the Perspective of Sustainable Development." Sustainability 12, no. 17 (September 1, 2020): 7145. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12177145.
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More and more bridges have entered the maintenance stage, which has potential collapse hazards and threatens life and property safety. More attention has been paid to the improvement of maintenance management levels during the operation period in terms of extending the service life of the bridge, but less attention has been paid to it from the perspective of the whole life cycle. One hundred and ninety examples of concrete beam bridges in China were collected, based on which the collapse characteristics and collapse causes of concrete beam bridges were analyzed. The causes of bridge collapse come from all stages of bridge life cycle, including environmental factors and human factors. Moreover, the effects of the previous phase carry over to the next. Superficially, poor maintenance management during an operation led to bridge collapse. However, the root cause may have occurred at an earlier stage. On this basis, a fuzzy interpretation structure model (FISM) for concrete beam bridge deterioration is conducted. The model can decompose the complex and messy relationship among the factors of bridge collapse into a clear, multi–level and hierarchical structure. Compared with qualitative analysis, an ISM chart can directly reflect the relationship between collapse factors, which is convenient for further analysis. Poor maintenance management during operation is the direct cause, while improper planning, imperfect standards and weak supervision in the early stage are the fundamental causes. Finally, in order to improve the sustainability of concrete beam bridges scientifically, management suggestions are put forward for the participants involved in each stage of the bridge’s life cycle.
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An, Xin Zheng, Cheng Yi, and Rui Xue Du. "Performance Deterioration Behavior of Existing Reinforced Concrete Bridges." Advanced Materials Research 79-82 (August 2009): 1367–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.79-82.1367.
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The analyses of concrete from a bridge in Handan district shows that most bridges concrete should have cracked. The study of the technical measures against the performance deterioration of existing reinforced concrete bridges will undoubtedly become an imperative issue. In recent years, lots of bridges have been built in Handan. We choose a reinforced concrete bridge to investigate the effect of the effective member stiffness degradation and durability degradation induced by vehicle overload, vehicle overflow, rebar corrosion, and concrete deterioration on highway reinforced concrete bridges. And Static loading test was conducted at its middle span. Based on the test data in different circumstances, the seriousness of vehicle overload is discussed. In consequence, the performance of highway reinforced concrete bridges on stiffness degradation and durability degradation is more serious compared with the bridge under the condition of non-overloading. The results show that the process of rebar corrosion in highway reinforced concrete bridges is sped up under the condition of vehicle overload and vehicle overflow on the highway reinforced concrete bridges, which decreases the durability of the bridge structure, and the speed of the durability degradation increases as time goes on. The paper conclusion is instructive for the construction and maintenance of bridge.
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Atadero, Jia, Abdallah, and Ozbek. "An Integrated Uncertainty-Based Bridge Inspection Decision Framework with Application to Concrete Bridge Decks." Infrastructures 4, no. 3 (August 8, 2019): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/infrastructures4030050.
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The limitations of the standard two-year interval for the visual inspection of bridges required by the U.S. National Bridge Inspection Standards have been well documented, and alternative approaches to bridge inspection planning have been presented in recent literature. This paper explores a different strategy for determining the interval between inspections and the type of inspection technique to use for bridges. The foundational premise of the proposed approach is that bridge inspections are conducted to increase knowledge about the bridge’s current condition, and therefore, are only required when uncertainty about the knowledge of the bridge condition is too high. An example case of a reinforced concrete bridge deck was used to demonstrate how this approach would work. The method utilized deterioration models for predicting corrosion and crack initiation time, considering the uncertainty in the models’ parameters. Bridge inspections were used to update the current condition information and model parameters through Bayesian updating. As this paper presents a new idea for inspection planning, not all of the data or models necessary to fully develop and validate the approach currently exist. Nonetheless, the method was applied to a simulated example which demonstrates how the timing and means of bridge inspection can be tailored to provide the required data about individual bridges needed for effective bridge management decision making.
9
Wang, Chun Sheng, Xiao Liang Zhai, Jing Wei Zhu, and Shuang Jie Zheng. "Research and Application of Composite Girder with Concrete Filled Tubular Flange." Advanced Materials Research 250-253 (May 2011): 2538–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.250-253.2538.
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In order to promote the applications of steel and concrete composite girder with concrete-filled tubular up-flange (SCCGCFTF) in practical bridge engineering, some actual issues for SCCGCFTF bridge structures have been discussed. The finite element static and dynamic analysis models of SCCGCFTF and conventional composite I-shape girder (CCIG) bridge structures were established. Then the stiffness, stress and dynamic characteristics of these composite girder bridges were studied and compared. Based on the numerical analysis results, the mechanical characters of SCCGCFTF bridges are obtained, and some design rules for SCCGCFTF bridges are also proposed. The analysis results show that SCCGCFTF bridges have high practical engineering application value.
10
Sun, Limin, Yi Zhou, and Zhihua Min. "Experimental Study on the Effect of Temperature on Modal Frequencies of Bridges." International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics 18, no. 12 (November 9, 2018): 1850155. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219455418501559.
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This study investigates the relationship between the temperature and the modal frequencies of bridges through a series of model experiments using a concrete continuous beam bridge model and a steel cable-stayed bridge model in a controlled-temperature chamber. The experimental results show that, for a given boundary condition and in the absence of freezing, a change in temperature affects the structural frequencies of the bridge as it alters the elastic modulus of the bridge materials. The structural frequency tends to linearly decrease with increasing temperature and with the decrease in the frequency of steel bridges smaller than that of concrete bridges. For the particular case of wet concrete bridges, the temperature dependencies of modal frequencies vary dramatically near the freezing point, which is attributable to the freeze–thaw process of concrete pore water. The effect of air humidity on structural frequency is less significant than that of temperature when the boundary conditions remain unchanged. Furthermore, temperature changes may alter the boundary conditions of bridges, thereby affecting the structural frequencies.
11
Hajali, Mohammad, Abdolrahim Jalali, and Ahmad Maleki. "Effects of Near Fault and Far Fault Ground Motions on Nonlinear Dynamic Response and Seismic Improvement of Bridges." Civil Engineering Journal 4, no. 6 (July 4, 2018): 1456. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-0309186.
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In this study, the dynamic response of bridges to earthquakes near and far from the fault has been investigated. With respect to available data and showing the effects of key factors and variables, we have examined the bridge’s performance. Modeling a two-span concrete bridge in CSI Bridge software and ability of this bridge under strong ground motion to near and far from fault has been investigated. Nonlinear dynamic analysis of time history includes seven records of past earthquakes on models and it was observed that the amount of displacement in the near faults is much greater than the distances far from faults. Bridges designed by seismic separators provide an acceptable response to a far from fault. This means that in bridges using seismic separators, compared to bridges without seismic separators, Acceleration rate on deck, base shearing and the relative displacement of the deck are decrease. This issue is not seen in the response of the bridges to the near faults. By investigating earthquakes near faults, it was observed that near-fault earthquakes exhibit more displacements than faults that are far from faults. These conditions can make seismic separators critical, so to prevent this conditions FDGM should be used to correct the response of these bridges. Based on these results, it can be said that the displacement near faults with forward directivity ground motion is greater than far from faults. So that by reducing the distance from the faults, the maximum value of the shearing and displacement of the deck will be greater.
12
Tian, Zhong Chu, Guo Liang Zeng, Min Chen, and Hai Ling Yue. "The Key Technology of Skew Continuous Prestressed Concrete Box Girder Bridges with Incremental Launching Method." Key Engineering Materials 400-402 (October 2008): 639–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.400-402.639.
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Incremental launching method is a construction technology for prestressed concrete continuous bridges widely used in China. In the incremental launching method, the superstructure of a bridge is erected from one side of bridge longitudinally to the opposite bank. Compared with other technology for bridge erection methods, it may reduce the cost of labor, shorten the construction period and save the assembly yard. So it is a competitive construction method for medium-span prestressed concrete continuous bridges. A large number of skew bridges will be built especially at mountain area, so it is very necessary to research on incrementally launching method for skew bridges. The objective of the study presented in this paper is to introduce the method used in the Lishui Bridge in Zhangjiajie city of China.
13
Sigdel, Lila Dhar, Ahmed Al-Qarawi, Chin Jian Leo, Samanthika Liyanapathirana, and Pan Hu. "Geotechnical Design Practices and Soil–Structure Interaction Effects of an Integral Bridge System: A Review." Applied Sciences 11, no. 15 (August 2, 2021): 7131. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11157131.
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Integral bridges are a class of bridges with integral or semi-integral abutments, designed without expansion joints in the bridge deck of the superstructure. The significance of an integral bridge design is that it avoids durability and recurring maintenance issues with bridge joints, and maybe bearings, which are prevalent in traditional bridges. Integral bridges are less costly to construct. They require less maintenance and therefore cause less traffic disruptions that incur socio-economic costs. As a consequence, integral bridges are becoming the first choice of bridge design for short-to-medium length bridges in many countries, including the UK, USA, Europe, Australia, New Zealand and many other Asian countries. However, integral bridge designs are not without challenges: issues that concern concrete creep, shrinkage, temperature effects, bridge skew, structural constraints, as well as soil–structure interactions are amplified in integral bridges. The increased cyclic soil–structure interactions between the bridge structure and soil will lead to adverse soil ratcheting and settlement bump at the bridge approach. If movements from bridge superstructures were also transferred to pile-supported substructures, there is a risk that the pile–soil interactions may lead to pile fatigue failure. These issues complicate the geotechnical aspects of integral bridges. The aim of this paper is to present a comprehensive review of current geotechnical design practices and the amelioration of soil–structure interactions of integral bridges.
14
Alkhrdaji, Tarek, Antonio Nanni, and Randy Mayo. "Upgrading Missouri Transportation Infrastructure: Solid Reinforced-Concrete Decks Strengthened with Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Systems." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1740, no. 1 (January 2000): 157–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1740-20.
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More than 40 percent of the bridges in the United States need repair, strengthening, or replacement. Because of limited funds, many states are forced to post load restrictions on their bridges as a temporary measure. Recently, fiber-reinforced polymers (FRPs) have emerged as a practical solution for repair or strengthening of highway bridges. Since there are no nationally accepted specifications for design and construction with bonded FRP reinforcement, the Missouri Department of Transportation (MoDOT) has funded a research program aimed at validating the design and analysis procedure through strengthening and testing to failure of bridges under realistic highway loading and conditions. Two bridges, Bridge G270 and Bridge J857, were selected for this demonstration. Both bridges are solid reinforced-concrete (RC) slab bridges. Bridge G270 was strengthened to increase its load-carrying capacity by using externally bonded carbon FRP and is still in service. Two of the three deck slabs of Bridge J857 were strengthened with FRP composites. Elastic tests were conducted on Bridge G270 before and after strengthening. Laboratory and field tests were conducted to validate the analytical model and design capacity. The decks of Bridge J857 were tested to failure under static loads. Test results indicate that strengthening with FRP can increase the capacity of solid-slab bridge decks. Strength and failure modes can be predicted by using the classical approach for RC design and analysis, based on equilibrium and compatibility. The research program, strengthening techniques, test results, and modes of failure of the bridge decks tested are reported.
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Milani, Cleovir José, Víctor Yepes, and Moacir Kripka. "Proposal of Sustainability Indicators for the Design of Small-Span Bridges." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 12 (June 22, 2020): 4488. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17124488.
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The application of techniques to analyze sustainability in the life cycle of small-span bridge superstructures is presented in this work. The objective was to obtain environmental and economic indicators for integration into the decision-making process to minimize the environmental impact, reduce resource consumption and minimize life cycle costs. Twenty-seven configurations of small-span bridges (6 to 20 m) of the following types were analyzed: steel–concrete composite bridges, cast in situ reinforced concrete bridges, precast bridges and prestressed concrete bridges, comprising a total of 405 structures. Environmental impacts and costs were quantified via life cycle environmental assessment and life cycle cost analysis following the boundaries of systems from the extraction of materials to the end of bridge life (“from cradle to grave”). In general, the results indicated that the environmental performance of the bridges was significantly linked to the material selection and bridge configuration. In addition, the study enabled the identification of the products and processes with the greatest impact in order to subsidize the design of more sustainable structures and government policies.
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Khattak, Nadeem, and J. J. Roger Cheng. "Performance assessment of FC girder bridges in Alberta." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 31, no. 4 (August 1, 2004): 637–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l04-019.
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A large number of precast prestressed concrete multi-girder bridges were constructed in Alberta in the early 1960s. Major benefits of this type of construction included the elimination of the cast in place concrete bridge deck and the accelerated pace of construction in erecting the bridge. However, after providing 10 to 20 years of service, some of these bridges started to form longitudinal cracks in the deck directly over the girder joining shear key locations. Once a crack was formed in the shear keys, salt and water would penetrate the wearing surface and weaken the shear key grout. This brought about concerns regarding adequate load sharing among the girders and corrosion of the prestressing tendons within the girders. An extensive survey was undertaken to observe the longitudinal cracking on these bridge decks. The objectives of the field survey were to look for possible trends or relationships between various influencing parameters and the performance of these bridges. Field data were obtained from a visually selected sample survey and a comprehensive bridge record survey based on Alberta Transportation (Government of Alberta) bridge files. The parameters investigated for influence on bridge performance were span length, span width, bridge skew, service age, and traffic volume. Finally, the rehabilitation schemes used on these bridges in the past are described, and the strengths and weaknesses of each rehabilitation strategy are discussed.Key words: bridges, concrete bridges, bridge girders, load sharing, rehabilitation, shear keys, assessment, traffic loads, lateral prestressing, transverse stiffness.
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Svoboda, Adam, and Ladislav Klusáček. "Possibility of Increasing the Load Bearing Capacity of Parapet Bridge Structures." Solid State Phenomena 272 (February 2018): 319–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.272.319.
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Post-tensioning is a suitable, reliable and durable method for strengthening existing reinforced concrete bridge structures. The high efficiency of post-tensioning can be seen on many implemented applications for bridge reconstructions worldwide. There are still several thousands of beam and slab bridges the load capacity of which no longer meets the demanding transport conditions. The oldest reinforced concrete beam bridges, from 1905-1915, are designed according to the Austrian Ministry of Railways Bridge Standard of 1904 when the largest load to be considered was the 18-tonne road steamroller. These bridges are not dimensioned for the currently valid traffic load values. The paper deals with the strengthening of the parapet beam bridges from the period of 1905-1930. These bridges have two main beams pulled over the bridge deck which is supported by cross beams. The cross beams connect the two main beams, forming a half-frame in the transverse direction which provides spatial rigidity of the structure. The spans of these bridges are usually in the range of 15 to 25 m.
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Bayrak, Hakan, and Ferhat Akgül. "Reliability analysis of a reinforced concrete bridge under moving loads." Challenge Journal of Concrete Research Letters 11, no. 2 (June 17, 2020): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.20528/cjcrl.2020.02.002.
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This study presents a reliability analysis procedure for a reinforced concrete bridge exposed to different moving loads. Bridges are one of the important part of transportation infrastructure systems. As bridges age, structural weakening due to heavy traffic and aggressive environmental factors lead to an increase in repair frequency and decrease in load carrying capacity. Therefore, bridges require periodic maintenance and repair in order to function and be reliable throughout their lifetimes. In other words, condition and safety of the bridges must be monitored at regular time intervals to avoid the disadvantages of deterioration. Otherwise, sudden collapse of a bridge may lead to irreversible loss of life and property. Therefore, the importance of the structural assessment of bridges is rapidly increasing in developed countries. In this study, reliability analysis which is one of the structural performance prediction method is applied to a reinforced concrete bridge subjected to the different moving loads. The aim of this study is to observe the safety of the bridge for the effect of the increasing traffic factor over the years.
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Hu, Zhi Jian, and Chao Liu. "Blast Loads on Concrete Bridges." Advanced Materials Research 217-218 (March 2011): 445–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.217-218.445.
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Nowadays few current studies on blast effects are executed with real bridge structures for economic and social reasons. This paper analyzes the blast loadings on concrete bridges and offers five characteristics: uncertainty, significant structural response, mechanic differences, rapid overpressure decay, and confinement effects. Then with the further study for blast loads fundamentals and real bridge inspection, the damage forms for concrete bridges under blast loadings have been obtained, i.e. localized damage are the main structural damages and fragmentation loads can be neglected when explosions detonated above deck. Furthermore, due to the collapse or fallen of the structural components or segments secondary damages, like collisions and restraining blocks destruction, must be kept an eye on.
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Xie, Kai Zhong, Guang Qiang Chen, and Li Lin Wei. "A Damage Model for Collapse-Mechanism of Long-Span and High-Pier Continuous Rigid Frame Bridges." Advanced Materials Research 219-220 (March 2011): 1431–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.219-220.1431.
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Collapse-mechanism analysis can simulate that bridges enter strong elasto-plastic and large displacement response and collapses phase, so that it is very important for the seismic design of bridges. In this paper, a damage model of reinforced concrete is introduced, and dynamic response and collapse of long span and high-pier continuous rigid frame bridge during strong earthquake is studied with damage model of reinforced concrete by the explicit dynamic analysis code (LS-DYNA). The simulation results indicate the development of the concrete elements from cracking to failure and the bridge from part collapse to the whole collapse of the bridge are studied. The damage and collapse mechanisms during strong earthquake are given of Long Span and High-pier Continuous Rigid Frame Bridges. References are provided for seismic analysis of this kind of bridges.
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Köken, Ali, and Ahmed Ali Abdulqader Farhad. "Investigation of the Effect of the Deck Material on the Cost in Cable-Stayed Bridges with Different Spans." Romanian Journal of Transport Infrastructure 10, no. 1 (July 1, 2021): 11–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rjti-2021-0002.
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Abstract Recent developments in the social sphere also cause an increase in transportation activities. Increased transport activities lead to the construction of new roads and bridges. Different bridge construction systems are available to overcome large span obstacles. Cable-stayed bridges are more advantageous construction systems than other bridge type building carrier systems in overcoming large spans through suspension cables. Therefore, it is also widely preferred by designers. The biggest factor in the development of cable-stayed bridges is undoubtedly steel cables. Cable-stayed bridges are bridge structures that become lighter with the increase of the span, which has a more expanded flexibility, and that includes a cable system with the effect of nonlinear factors. Costs of cable-stayed bridges vary according to different spans. The span as well as the deck material used in the bridge system have a great effect on the cost. In cable-stayed bridge systems, decks are constructed of reinforced concrete and steel. The costs of cable-stayed bridges are widely discussed around the world; therefore, the effect of the span and deck material on the cost of cable-stayed bridges is being investigated. The main bearing elements of such bridges are cables, decks, and towers, and among these elements, the tower bridge carries all the weight of the bridge, even other external loads such as vehicle, wind, etc. In this study, the three-dimensional model of the cable, deck and tower elements that make up the cable-stayed bridge system was created and analysed using the CSI Bridge Program. The AASHTO LRFD Standards, which are widely used in the analysis of bridge systems with the CSI Bridge program and the design of bridge systems in the world, were used. In the study, the analysis and designs of cable-stayed bridges with reinforced concrete and steel deck at 250, 500, 750, 1000, 1500, 2000 meters span were carried out. The amount of materials and costs used in the analysis and design of the cable-stayed bridge systems were obtained and the results were interpreted.
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Qiao, Lan, and Shao Wen Zhang. "Analysis of the Arrangement of Prestressed Steel in Web of Continuous Concrete Box-Girder Bridges." Applied Mechanics and Materials 587-589 (July 2014): 1359–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.587-589.1359.
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Concrete continuous box- girder bridges have a large proportion in small span and long span bridges, and it has very broad prospects for development. Along with the large-scale construction of this kind of bridge, various problems have also emerged, especially the damage of RC beam’s diagonal section in bridge girder deflection. It always appears the inclined cracks in webs which cause by principal tensile stress, so it will be the potential damage to the whole bridge. However, the existence of the vertical prestress, will make the principal tensile stress of box girder in greatly reduced. So as to make cracking resistance performance of diagonal section is better than the ordinary reinforced concrete bridge. For an engineering example, this paper puts forward several different vertical prestressed steel arrangements. Based on different decorate a form of vertical pretressd bridge girder under stress numerical simulation, it is concluded that bridge’s web principal tensile stress distribution and its variation law, and then optimize the vertical reinforcing steel arrangement, improve the overall safety of bridge structure. It can provide the reference in the process of construction when we face the similar problems in the future.
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Zhu, Shou Qin, Quan Chao Bi, and Hong Huan Cui. "Research on the Measures to Improve the Durability of Urban Concrete Bridges in Hebei Province." Applied Mechanics and Materials 204-208 (October 2012): 2214–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.204-208.2214.
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As one of the important traffic facilities in cities,bridges provide necessary services for the traffic in cities, but bridges that have been built in cities do not meet the requirements in durability aspect. We conduct a study about the durability of urban concrete bridges in Hebei province by this paper. In combination with the specific conditions of bridge construction, we put forward feasible measures to improve the durability of urban bridge for directiving the design and construction of bridges.
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Tan, Geem Eng, Tai Boon Ong, and Ong Chong Yong. "Trends and Development of Precast Concrete Closed Spandrel Arch Bridge Systems." Applied Mechanics and Materials 802 (October 2015): 295–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.802.295.
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Arch bridges which have existed since thousands years ago showed surprising durability. Due to the aesthetic value of arch bridges, it is widely used as crossing over valleys and rivers nowadays. Closed spandrel arch bridge is one type of arch bridges that has been developed using precast concrete technology since 1965. Currently, the available Precast Concrete Arch Bridge Systems are BEBO arch, Matiere arch, CON/SPAN arch, TechSpan arch, NUCON arch, Concrete-Filled FRP Tube arch, Flexi-Arch, Rivo CS-P Series arch and Pearl Chain arch. In this paper, development of the Precast Concrete Closed Spandrel Arch Bridge System is reviewed. The advantanges of precast closed spandrel arch bridge system will also be briefly presented. Comparisons in terms of arch sections, moulding, handling, transporting and installing among different Precast Concrete Closed Spandrel Arch Bridge Systems are also highlighted.
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Xu, Jia Lin, and Yong Liang Zhang. "Test and Analysis of Dynamic Characteristics of Reinforced Concrete Arch Bridge." Applied Mechanics and Materials 599-601 (August 2014): 1081–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.599-601.1081.
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The development and application of the reinforced concrete arch bridge has been several decades in China. However, the research on arch bridge is relatively slow in recent years, due to the limit of arch bridge’s dependence on geological conditions , the characteristics of its structure and construction technology . Especially ,many reinforced concrete arch bridges which were built after 1940s has been subjected to earthquake, flood or beyond design life. And there is lack of some corresponding researchs on assessment criteria. This paper aims to put forward some state evaluation methods and suggestions by the test and analysis of dynamic characteristics of reinforced concrete arch bridge. Keywords: reinforced concrete arch bridge; state evaluation; dynamic test; modal analysis
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Ruiz-Teran, A. M., and A. C. Aparicio. "Structural behaviour and design criteria of under-deck cable-stayed bridges and combined cable-stayed bridges. Part 1: Single-span bridges." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 35, no. 9 (September 2008): 938–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l08-033.
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This paper examines two new types of bridges, namely under-deck cable-stayed bridges and combined cable-stayed bridges, for prestressed concrete road bridges with single-spans of medium length. Both bridge types offer many advantages over conventional schemes in several aspects, such as structural efficiency, enhanced construction possibilities, and both economic and aesthetical considerations. They are very slender structural types with a very high structural efficiency, for which the materials used in the deck are reduced to one third of that in conventional bridges without stay cables. In this paper, the most important aspects of the structural behaviour of these bridge types are set out through the description of a careful selection from an extensive collection of bridges designed and analysed by the authors in a previous research project. In addition, a detailed set of design criteria for these bridge types is presented, based on the results of the extensive parametric study undertaken in the aforementioned research project.
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Huang, De Yu. "Development and Construction Techniques of Foreign PC Continuous Beam." Advanced Materials Research 671-674 (March 2013): 1729–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.671-674.1729.
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In construction of medium span, small span and commonly long span bridges, the prestressed concrete continuous beams are playing an important role and the vistas of development of the bridges is vast. The design , construction and new material application remain to be further improved, through great achievements has been made in China in the construction of the PC continuous beam bridges, the global techniques of the bridges in the country in the recent several decades. Through the study of prestressed concrete continuous beam bridge construction technology development trend and research, understand the international bridge of advanced design concepts and construction technology of foreign engineering project bidding, formulates the reasonable construction plan, strengthen the domestic enterprises to expand overseas bridge construction market competitive force, and provide useful reference.
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Hu, Da Lin, Tian Qi Qu, Hong Bin Wang, and Long Gang Chen. "Seismic Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Rib Arch Bridge." Applied Mechanics and Materials 256-259 (December 2012): 1496–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.256-259.1496.
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There are few researches on seismic response of reinforced concrete rib arch bridges at present; therefore, it is necessary to analyze seismic performance of this kind of bridges. Based on the engineering background of a three-span reinforced concrete rib arch bridge, a full bridge finite element model is built to analyze the structural dynamic characteristic and seismic response of the bridge. The internal forces and displacements of each key section is compared and discussed when the bridge is excited by horizontal unidirectional ground motion or the combination of vertical and horizontal ground motion. The structural seismic response calculated with different analysis methods is compared. The research results of this study can be used as a reference for the seismic design of similar bridges.
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Ellobody, Ehab. "Finite element modelling and design of composite bridges with profiled steel sheeting." Advances in Structural Engineering 20, no. 9 (December 1, 2016): 1406–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1369433216678865.
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This article discusses the non-linear analysis and design of highway composite bridges with profiled steel sheeting. A three-dimensional finite element model has been developed for the composite bridges, which accounted for the bridge geometries, material non-linearities of the bridge components, bridge boundary conditions, shear connection, interactions among bridge components and bridge bracing systems. The simply supported composite bridge has a span of 48 m, a width of 13 m and a depth of 2.3 m. The bridge components were designed following the European code for steel–concrete composite bridges. The live load acting on the bridge was load model 1, which represents the static and dynamic effects of vertical loading due to normal road traffic as specified in the European code. The finite element model of the composite bridge was developed depending on additional finite element models, developed by the author, and validated against tests reported in the literature on full-scale composite bridges and composite bridge components. The tests had different geometries, different boundary conditions, different loading conditions and different failure modes. Failure loads, load–mid-span deflection relationships, load–end slip relationships, failure modes, stress contours of the composite bridge as well as of the modelled tests were predicted from the finite element analysis and compared well against test results. The comparison with test results has shown that the finite element models can be effectively used to provide more accurate analyses and better understanding for the behaviour and design of composite bridges with profiled steel sheeting. A parametric study was conducted on the composite bridge highlighting the effects of the change in structural steel strength and concrete strength on the behaviour and design of the composite bridge. This study has shown that the design rules specified in the European code are accurate and conservative for the design of highway steel–concrete composite bridges.
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Xu, Liang, and Ya Ping Wu. "Nonlinear Stability Analysis of Qijiadu Long-Span Deck-Type CFST Arch Bridge." Advanced Materials Research 163-167 (December 2010): 1685–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.163-167.1685.
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With the application of the composition material-concrete-filled-steel-tube (CFST) in civil engineering, the crossing ability of arch bridge gets advanced development. Therefore, it is of interesting to study the stability of such long-span arch bridges, especially which have small width, for the bridge’s safety under long term operation. The present study focuses on studies the transverse stability of long-span arch bridges with small width. To this purpose, a deck type CFST arch-bridge in Gansu Province is adopted as an example. The arch bridge has a span of 180 m, and its width-span ratio is 1/25.7. The finite element method with a special beam element is employed to analyze the stability. The analyses are carried out for the transverse stability of the bridge during construction and under service, respectively. Furthermore, the influence of the spandrel structure and deck elastic restraints to the stability is investigated taking account of geometrical and material nonlinearity.
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Zhang, Xiao Zhong, Yong Bing Liu, Wei Xin Hu, and Jing Song Zhu. "Research of Strength of Dongji Reinforced Concrete T-Beam Bridge." Advanced Materials Research 243-249 (May 2011): 2000–2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.243-249.2000.
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Based on the investigation and detection of Dongji Bridge, a reinforced concrete (RC) T-beam bridge, the major diseases of the bridge was identified. The disease characteristics and rules are classified, the strength of the bridge was analyzed by finite element technology. Research is expected to provide scientific and rational basis for maintenance and reinforcement of Dongji bridge and same style bridges, and lay a foundation for further research work for RC T-beam bridges.
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Yang, Fan, Mu Biao Su, Qing Ning Li, Xian Li Yan, and Tao Feng. "Analysis of Parts Weight of Railway Concrete Girder Bridges by Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process." Applied Mechanics and Materials 204-208 (October 2012): 2105–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.204-208.2105.
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In order to accurately determine the weight of railway bridges parts, for railway concrete girder bridge case, this thesis is based on analysing the construction features of the railway concrete girder bridges and destructive characteristic of seismic damage and proposes a detailed method, which adopts combination of the analytic hierarchy process and the fuzzy synthetical evaluation. The weight of railway concrete girder bridges can be confirmed, by utilizing its logical and pairwise comparison method, Studies show that this is an effective method to confirm the weight of railway concrete girder bridges. It is of great value to quickly evaluate earthquake loss of railway bridges in the earthquake stricken areas.
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Paulík, Peter, Michal Bačuvčík, Patrik Ševčík, Ivan Janotka, and Katarína Gajdošová. "Experimental Evaluation of Properties of 120 Years Old Concretes at Two Concrete Bridges in Slovakia." Solid State Phenomena 249 (April 2016): 227–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.249.227.
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Currently there are two bridges older than 120 years under reconstruction in Slovakia. One of them is the Old Bridge in Bratislava, which has been built in 1891 and has a steel superstructure supported by concrete piers. The other one is the Monier Arch Bridge in Krásno nad Kysucou, which has been built in 1892. Since only limited information about the properties of such an old concrete is available, it was almost impossible for the designer to verify the load bearing capacity of these bridges and to design their reconstruction efficiently. To verify the properties of these concretes drill cores were made on both bridges, some of them being more than 20 meters long [17]. After that the measured concrete properties were used to confirm or modify the reconstruction method proposed in the preliminary design. Our paper deals with some mechanical properties measured on these more than 120 years old concretes.
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Wu, Xun, Jian Jun Yue, and Xian Zheng Huang. "Deflection Control Method Study of Long-Span PC Continuous Rigid-Frame Highway Bridge Compared with Railway Bridge." Applied Mechanics and Materials 638-640 (September 2014): 933–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.638-640.933.
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Down-deflection of long-span prestressed concrete (PC) continuous rigid-frame bridges in highway is more serious than in railway. Deflection comparison of highway bridges and railway bridges can provide a reference for the deflection control of highway bridges. Differences of highway and railway design codes about deflection were firstly analyzed. Then, the whole construction processes of a highway bridge and a similar span railway bridge were simulated by Midas/Civil. Both the stress state and long-term deformation were compared. The results show that stress states of the railway bridge will reduce the down-deflection. Finally, for highway bridges, we propose the compressive stress at upper edge of pier-top section should be slightly larger than that at lower edge during the layout of prestressed tendons.
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Mahfuz, Mahfuz, Mochammad Afifuddin, and Renni Anggraini. "TINJAUAN GAYA TSUNAMI PADA JEMBATAN KRUENG RABA." Jurnal Arsip Rekayasa Sipil dan Perencanaan 3, no. 2 (September 23, 2020): 177–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.24815/jarsp.v3i2.16568.
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Aceh Province is located in one of the earth's fault lines in Indonesia, which is an area prone to earthquakes and the potential for a tsunami disaster. Therefore, any planning of structures located on the coast must consider the potential for a tsunami to obtain a strong structure to withstand the forces affected by the tsunami. During the 2004 tsunami, many bridges were carried away by the tsunami. Both bridges made of concrete, as well as steel frame bridges, such as the Krueng Raba steel frame bridge, Lhoknga, the Krueng No bridge, the Meunasah Kulam bridge, and several other bridges. This study aims to analyze and calculate the force and load effects of the tsunami on the structure of one of these bridges, namely the Krueng Raba steel frame bridge, Lhoknga. The force and load of the tsunami effect (Ts) will be analyzed by adopting the Guidelines for Design of Structures for Vertical Evacuation from Tsunamis, 2012, namely: (1) hydrostatic force; (2) buoyant forces; (3) hydrodynamic forces; (4) impulsive forces; (5) debris impact forces; (6) debris damming forces; (7) lift force; and (8) additional gravity load from water retained on the bridge floor. From the results of this study, it is shown that each of the tsunami forces acting on the crew-raba Lhoknga bridge at the minimum tsunami height variable, 11 meters, which is the initial height of the tsunami touching the bridge's superstructure are: 94.866 KN hydrodynamic force; 142,299 KN thrust; 133,810 KN debris impact force; 14,244 KN debris dam force, and 34,018 KN lift force. Meanwhile, the maximum tsunami height variable, 25 meters, is 24634.934 KN hydrodynamic force; 36952,400 KN thrust; 720,591 KN collision force; 3698,939 KN debris blocking force; and 986,519 KN lift styles. The results of the analysis using computational methods, by inputting the magnitude of the tsunami forces to the bridge model, it can be seen that the ability of the Krueng Raba, Lhoknga steel frame bridge to withstand the forces and loads caused by the tsunami only up to a height of 14 meters.
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Vighe, Ram. "A Unique Design of R.C.C. Bridge on Godavari River at Sironcha Dist. Gadchiroli -India." IRA-International Journal of Technology & Engineering (ISSN 2455-4480) 7, no. 2 (S) (July 10, 2017): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.21013/jte.icsesd201715.
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Reinforced concrete bridges may have various systems: Beam (with simply supported or continuous beams), Frame, Arch, or combined of it.. Beam reinforced concrete bridges are the most common type, Spans with plate structure are generally used to cover gaps of 6–18 m. Ribbed spans with main beams supporting the plate of .The bridge floor are used to cover gaps of more than 12m. For gaps of more than 40 m, beam spans frequently have box shaped cross sections. Arch systems are most appropriate for bridges on stable soil. The spans of beam-type reinforced concrete bridges are up to 200 m; those of archer in forced concrete bridges, up to 300 m. The main advantages of reinforced concrete bridges are durability and relatively low maintenance cost. Precast reinforced-concrete bridges, using finished plant-Manufactured components, are the type primarily built in the USSR. Methods of suspension assembly of spans and delivery of precast components to local areas by ships are extremely efficient in the construction of large reinforced-concrete bridges.
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Almansour, H., and Z. Lounis. "Innovative design approach of precast–prestressed girder bridges using ultra high performance concrete." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 37, no. 4 (April 2010): 511–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l09-169.
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The construction of new bridges and the maintenance and renewal of aging highway bridge network using ultra high performance concrete can lead to the construction of long life bridges that will require minimum maintenance resulting in low life cycle costs. Ultra high performance concrete (UHPC) is a newly developed concrete material that provides very high strength and very low permeability to aggressive agents such as chlorides from de-icing salts or seawater. Ultra high performance concrete could enable major improvements over conventional high performance concrete (HPC) bridges in terms of structural efficiency, durability, and cost-effectiveness over the long term. A simplified design approach of concrete slab on UHPC girders bridge using the Canadian Highway Bridge Design code and the current recommendations for UHPC design is proposed. An illustrative example demonstrates that the use of UHPC in precast–prestressed concrete girders yields a more efficient design of the superstructure where considerable reduction in the number of girders and girder size when compared to conventional HPC girders bridge with the same span length. Hence, UHPC results in a significant reduction in concrete volume and then weight of the superstructure, which in turn leads to significant reduction in the dead load on the substructure, especially for the case of aging bridges, thus improving their performance.
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Kim, Hyunsik, Sungho Tae, Yonghan Ahn, and Jihwan Yang. "Scenarios for Life Cycle Studies of Bridge Concrete Structure Maintenance." Sustainability 12, no. 22 (November 17, 2020): 9557. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12229557.
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The sustainability of structures during their construction and service life has become a widespread topic of interest. To ensure the sustainability of bridges, maintenance databases can be analyzed to determine the status changes and required maintenance of existing bridges. The results of this analysis can then be used to predict the environmental impacts and costs incurred during ongoing maintenance of new bridges to prepare accordingly for the future. To prepare for future events, this study utilizes the US National Bridge Inventory to analyze changes in the condition rating of bridge decks and substructures according to their service years, and suggests maintenance scenarios for the service life of bridge deck and substructure concrete by investigating the maintenance activities according to service years. The factors for applying the scenarios in Korea and conceptual equations for life cycle studies which apply the scenarios are discussed for further study in the life cycle assessment field of bridges.
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Knickerbocker, David J., Prodyot K. Basu, Mark A. Holloran, and Edward P. Wasserman. "Recent Experience with High-Performance Concrete Jointless Bridges in Tennessee." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1845, no. 1 (January 2003): 104–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1845-12.
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Experimental and analytical studies of two high-performance concrete (HPC) jointless bridges with integral abutments built in Tennessee as part of the FHWA’s nationwide initiative to implement HPC in bridge structures are presented. Performance of the two bridges is observed through all stages of construction and service to date, via material testing, bridge instrumentation for both short- and long-term performance monitoring, and live-load testing. The up-to-date observed performance of the bridges reveals the success of such bridge construction. Local contractors were found to be capable of producing concrete to meet increased requirements in strength and durability parameters. In addition, new insights were derived about HPC behavior in such applications, identifying the areas requiring updating of current practice. Load test data revealed that load distribution among the girders is in marked difference from codes of practice. Thermal response of the bridges indicated longitudinal flexibility offered by the jointless construction.
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Noori, Hamed Zamani, Gholamreza Ghodrati Amiri, Masoud Nekooei, and Behzad Zakeri. "Seismic Fragility Assessment of Skewed MSSS-I Girder Concrete Bridges with Unequal Height Columns." Journal of Earthquake and Tsunami 10, no. 01 (January 31, 2016): 1550013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s179343111550013x.
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Multi Span Simply Supported Bridges (MSSS) are categorized among the most vulnerable bridge classes and their vulnerability increases when different sources of irregularities such as skewness as well as columns height differences are included. Different sources of irregularities make the irregular bridge more complicated in case of dynamic response than regular bridges, and therefore a comprehensive study should be implemented to explore the effect of different irregularities on seismic performance of bridges individually and jointly. This paper explores the effect of skewness and unequal height columns on the seismic response of MSSS-I girder concrete bridges commonly constructed in Central and Southeastern United States (CSUS). The scope of the study is limited to tree spans which are the most prevalent spans in this class of bridges. The results show that the component fragilities become more sensitive to column height ratio with increase in the bridge skew angle particularly in longitudinal direction. The study of the combined effects of skewness and column height ratio on the bridge system fragility also reveals that the column height ratio has negative effect on the fragility of bridge system in all damage states and different skew angles but this effect increases by increasing the skewness as well as damage state of interest.
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Xia, Ye, Xiaoming Lei, Peng Wang, and Limin Sun. "Artificial Intelligence Based Structural Assessment for Regional Short- and Medium-Span Concrete Beam Bridges with Inspection Information." Remote Sensing 13, no. 18 (September 15, 2021): 3687. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13183687.
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The functional and structural characteristics of civil engineering works, in particular bridges, influence the performance of transport infrastructure. Remote sensing technology and other advanced technologies could help bridge managers review structural conditions and deteriorations through bridge inspection. This paper proposes an artificial intelligence-based methodology to solve the condition assessment of regional bridges and optimize their maintenance schemes. It includes data integration, condition assessment, and maintenance optimization. Data from bridge inspection reports is the main source of this data-driven approach, which could provide a substantial amount og condition-related information to reveal the time-variant bridge condition deterioration and effect of maintenance behaviors. The regional bridge condition deterioration model is established by neural networks, and the impact of the maintenance scheme on the future condition of bridges is quantified. Given the need to manage limited resources and ensure safety and functionality, adequate maintenance schemes for regional bridges are optimized with genetic algorithms. The proposed data-driven methodology is applied to real regional highway bridges. The regional inspection information is obtained with the help of emerging technologies. The established structural deterioration models achieve up to 85% prediction accuracy. The obtained optimal maintenance schemes could be chosen according to actual structural conditions, maintenance requirements, and total budget. Data-driven decision support can substantially aid in smart and efficient maintenance planning of road bridges.
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Xia, Guo Ping, and Zhe Zhang. "Static Analysis of Cable-Stayed Suspension Bridge under Concrete Shrinkage and Creep." Advanced Materials Research 189-193 (February 2011): 4409–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.189-193.4409.
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The paper studye the effect of shrinkage and creep on the cable-stayed suapension bridge. In order to research the static action of cable-stayed suspension bridge, two plane models of Jinzhou Bay Bridge is analyzed under shrinkage and creep by using general FEM software. One is a self-anchored bridge and the other is an earth-anchored bridge. The differences in static behavior between the two bridges are compared in detail. The results indicated that the shrinkage and creep effects have great influences on both bridges, and the effects have greater influences on self-anchored system than earth-anchored system. In addition, the author analyzes the causes of these differences between the two bridges. In conclusion，shrinkage and creep have some effect on the bridge displacements and internal forces. It is an important factor which can not be ignored in the design.
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Dusseau, Ralph Alan. "Dimension and Frequency Profiles of Concrete Highway Bridges in New Madrid Region of Southeastern Missouri." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1594, no. 1 (January 1997): 84–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1594-09.
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The results of a study funded by the U.S. Geological Survey as part of the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program are presented. The first objective of this study was the development of a database for all 211 highway bridges along I-55 in the New Madrid region of southeastern Missouri. Profiles for five key dimension parameters (which are stored in the database) were developed, and the results for concrete highway bridges are presented. The second objective was to perform field ambient vibration analyses on 25 typical highway bridge spans along the I-55 corridor to determine the fundamental vertical and lateral frequencies of the bridge spans measured. These 25 spans included six reinforced concrete slab spans and two reinforced concrete box-girder spans. The third objective was to use these bridge frequency results in conjunction with the dimension parameters stored in the database to develop empirical formulas for estimating bridge fundamental natural frequencies. These formulas were applied to all 211 Interstate highway bridges in southeastern Missouri. Profiles for both fundamental vertical and lateral frequencies were then developed, and the results for concrete highway bridges are presented.
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Lu, Wei, Ding Zhou, and Zhi Chen. "Practical Calculation of Cable-Stayed Arch Bridge Lateral Stability." Applied Mechanics and Materials 587-589 (July 2014): 1586–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.587-589.1586.
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A long-span cable-stayed arch bridge is a new form of bridge structure that combines features of cable-stayed bridges with characteristics of arch bridges. In the present study, we derived a practical calculation method for the lateral destabilization critical loading of cable-stayed arch bridges during the construction process based the energy principle. The validity of the method was verified with an example. The calculation method provides a quick and efficient way to evaluate the lateral stability of a cable-stayed arch bridge and a concrete filled steel tubular arch bridge during the construction process.
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Thulaseedharan, Nandhu Pillay, and Matthew Thomas Yarnold. "Prioritization of Texas prestressed concrete bridges for future truck platoon loading." Bridge Structures 16, no. 4 (March 29, 2021): 155–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/brs-210181.
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Autonomous truck platoons shall soon be traveling our highway system with greater frequency. The objective of the presented study is to conduct a high-level evaluation of the Texas concrete bridge inventory when subjected to potential truck platoon loading. The National Bridge Inventory (NBI) database is utilized to the greatest extent possible. In addition, a significant literature review is performed to make assumptions allowing estimated load rating calculations for the prestressed concrete bridges likely to support future platoons (nearly 3,000 bridges). The truck platoon load ratings, combined with the NBI structural evaluation condition ratings, are utilized to prioritize each bridge. As a result, bridges are identified for more detailed evaluation prior to future truck platoon implementation. Data analysis was also performed to further understand the impact of various parameters on the load rating and prioritization results. Conclusions were drawn regarding the sensitivity of the (1) original design methodology, (2) bridge span length, (3) truck type, (4) truck spacing and (5) number of trucks within a platoon. In addition, a secondary benefit of the study is a presented framework for other bridge owners to prioritize their bridges that may be subjected to truck platoon or other heavy vehicle loading.
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Grace, Nabil F., and John B. Kennedy. "Dynamic response of two-span continuous composite bridges." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 15, no. 4 (August 1, 1988): 579–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l88-078.
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With the continuing trend towards lighter and more flexible continuous composite bridges, problems of vibration are becoming increasingly more important. Furthermore, fatigue cracking can be a real problem in such bridges when subjected to several thousands of resonance cycles over its life. In this paper the dynamic response of continuous composite bridges and the influence of repeated loading at resonance frequency on the structural response are investigated. A closed-form series solution based on orthotropic plate theory is developed to predict the natural frequencies of two-span continuous composite bridges. Expressions for the equivalent rigidities of a composite bridge are also given. The results are verified and substantiated by experimental results from 1/4-scale bridge model. Estimates of frequencies based on beam theory as well as the effects of concrete and fatigue cracking on the natural frequencies and strain range are examined. Finally, it is shown that a fatigue-cracked composite bridge, when properly repaired, can regain most of its stiffness and ultimate load-carrying capacity. Key words: bridges, composite, concrete, continuous, dynamics, fatigue, orthotropic, rigidities, steel, tests.
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Jara, J. M., O. Montes, B. A. Olmos, and G. Martínez. "Parametric study of medium span bridges retrofitted with reinforced concrete jacketing." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 46, no. 7 (July 2019): 567–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2018-0465.
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Most reinforced concrete (RC) bridges in many countries are medium-span length structures built in the last decades and designed for very low seismic forces. The evolution of seismic codes and the average age of the bridges require the evaluation of their seismic vulnerability. This study assesses the expected capacity, demand and damage of seismically deficient medium-length highway bridges, supported in frame-type piers using dynamic nonlinear methodologies. A parametric study of reinforced concrete retrofitted bridges with RC jacketing was conducted. The non-retrofitted structures are 30 m span simple supported bridges with pier heights in the range of 5–25 m. The main emphasis of the study is the assessment of the jacket parameters’ contribution to the seismic vulnerability of bridges. Particularly, it is quantified how jacket thickness and reinforcement ratio affect the probability of reaching a particular damage limit state. The retrofitted scheme includes three jacket thicknesses and three different longitudinal steel ratios. The results evaluate bridge demands and fragility curves to quantify the influence of RC jacketing on the seismic response of structures and allow to select the best jacket parameters that improve the expected seismic behavior of the bridge models. Additionally, the influence of model hysteresis degradation on the expected damage of retrofitted bridges was also determined.
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Martínez-Muñoz, D., J. V. Martí, and V. Yepes. "Steel-Concrete Composite Bridges: Design, Life Cycle Assessment, Maintenance, and Decision-Making." Advances in Civil Engineering 2020 (May 28, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8823370.
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Steel-concrete composite bridges are used as an alternative to concrete bridges because of their ability to adapt their geometry to design constraints and the possibility of reusing some of the materials in the structure. In this review, we report the research carried out on the design, behavior, optimization, construction processes, maintenance, impact assessment, and decision-making techniques of composite bridges in order to arrive at a complete design approach. In addition to a qualitative analysis, a multivariate analysis is used to identify knowledge gaps related to bridge design and to detect trends in research. An additional objective is to make visible the gaps in the sustainable design of composite steel-concrete bridges, which allows us to focus on future research studies. The results of this work show how researchers have concentrated their studies on the preliminary design of bridges with a mainly economic approach, while at a global level, concern is directed towards the search for sustainable solutions. It is found that life cycle impact assessment and decision-making strategies allow bridge managers to improve decision-making, particularly at the end of the life cycle of composite bridges.
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Mei, Ting Yu, Jian Wei Wang, and Lang Wu. "Carbonation Life Prediction of Concrete Railway Bridges." Advanced Materials Research 1065-1069 (December 2014): 1748–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1065-1069.1748.
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On the analysis of main factors influencing on carbonation of concrete is a stochastic model and criterion of carbonation life prediction of bridge protection layer of concrete carbonation depth. Detection results with long age of railway bridges, the minimum requirements for concrete bridge in northern area of the design strength and thickness of protection layer.
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Vican, Josef, Jaroslav Odrobinak, and Peter Kotes. "Determination of Load-Carrying Capacity of Railway Steel and Concrete Composite Bridges." Key Engineering Materials 691 (May 2016): 172–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.691.172.
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In the frame of global European standardization and in consequence of new knowledge related to existing bridges, the need for revision of the service handbook "Determination of load-carrying capacity of railway bridges" grown up. The paper presents general concepts and basic assumptions for determining the railway bridge load-carrying capacity. In contrast to design of a new bridge, additional data related to existing bridge condition and behavior like information from regular inspections and real state of degradation can be taken into account. Based on these data together with the remaining lifetime, a modification of reliability levels for existing bridges based on the mathematic theory of probability can be adopted in the evaluation process. Special attention is also paid to the specific features of determination of load caring capacity of steel-concrete composite bridges in exploitation. Recommendation and allowances for global analysis of existing composite steel and concrete superstructures for the purpose of the load-carrying capacity estimation are discussed as well.