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1
Tasnic, Mihail, and Ilia Catereniuc. "Some morphological aspects of myocardial bridges." Moldovan Medical Journal 64, no. 2 (May 2021): 58–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.52418/moldovan-med-j.64-2.21.11.
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Background: Myocardial bridges are variants of the intramyocardial position of the coronary arteries. In the specialty literature, hot topics in cardiovascular field are myocardial infarction and non-obstructive coronary artery disease with frequent connection with myocardial bridges. Material and methods: The morphological study was based on the analysis of 200 human hearts and fragments of coronary arteries. The retrospective study was focused on the analysis of 6168 coronary angiography reports, to identify patients with myocardial bridges, their preferred location, the degree of systolic stenosis, the association between myocardial bridges and proximal to bridge and under the bridge coronary atherosclerosis. Results: The complete myocardial bridges were described in 62% of the analyzed hearts and only in 5.3% of the total number of studied coronarographies. In the majority of cases, the complete myocardial bridges covered the anterior interventricular branch. The degree of subpontine arterial systolic stenosis varied within 10-95%. The comparative study did not determine any correlations between the degree of subpontine vascular compression and the degree of the left ventricular myocardial hypertrophy. In 32% of cases were described proximal to bridge atherosclerotic plaques and only in one case (0.5%) – distal to bridge atherosclerotic plaques, located immediately under the bridge. Conclusions: The research findings underline the differences in anatomical and angiographic incidence of myocardial bridges, and the inability of all bridges to reduce the lumen of under bridged artery. Current study emphasizes attention to the topography of bridges, the correlation with ventricular hypertrophy and coronary atherosclerosis.
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Sharma, Jayendra, William Hellenbrand, Charles Kleinman, and Ralph Mosca. "Symptomatic myocardial bridges in children: a case report with review of literature." Cardiology in the Young 21, no. 5 (June 23, 2011): 490–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1047951111000849.
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AbstractMyocardial bridge is a rare congenital coronary anomaly in children, usually seen in the setting of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and in left ventricular hypertrophy. Most myocardial bridges are believed to represent a benign anatomical variant; however, symptomatic myocardial bridge is a distinct subgroup of pathological variant, linked to myocardial ischaemia, ventricular arrhythmia, and sudden cardiac death. We present a case of a symptomatic myocardial bridge in a 5-year-old boy with mild hypertrophic cardiomyopathy who underwent supra-arterial myotomy, automatic defibrillator placement, and long-term Beta-blocker therapy. We also present 10 years of follow-up with a review of literature regarding symptomatic myocardial bridges in the paediatric age group.
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Velniciuc, A. M., and C. Bujoreanu. "Some analyzes on box girders bridges - literature review." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1262, no. 1 (October 1, 2022): 012039. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1262/1/012039.
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Studies on box girders bridges that treats domains such as: its seismic response, fire resistance of the structure, effect of web inclination of the bridge, shear force distribution in webs of the bridge, loading conditions for the bridge with dead load and live load were reviewed and concluded. Our paper aims to describe different research from the dedicated literature using software such as Ansys, Midas, CSi Bridge with FEM (finite element method) and to highlight the points where the maximum stress values are found. This will help us in the future to compare these results obtained by experts with new analyzes that we want to accomplish regarding the efficacy and reliability of the box girder structure. The main motivation to study this domain is represented by the previous experience and knowledge and to detect new dangerous sections in this type of structure. By counteracting the dangerous sections, we can improve the reliability degree and efficiency of the box girder bridge structure.
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Abdellaoui, Mohammed, Mohamed Badaoui, Mahmoud Bensaibi, and Koriga Said. "Developing a seismic bridge reliability model to enhance its resilience: a study on reinforced concrete bridges in Algeria." STUDIES IN ENGINEERING AND EXACT SCIENCES 5, no. 1 (May 21, 2024): 2088–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.54021/seesv5n1-103.
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Bridges are critical points in transportation networks because they are exposed to various natural and human-caused hazards, leading to partial or complete service interruption. Bridges must maintain their societal functions, especially after events such as earthquakes, because they play a vital role in emergency response, relief operations and damage mitigation. This paper proposes an improved model for evaluating the reliability of reinforced concrete bridges before seismic events, to improve their resilience to earthquakes and enable effective preparedness for disasters. In the first phase of this study, a group of important factors that affect the reliability of the bridge were identified, based on the opinions of experts and a comprehensive reading of the current literature in this field, These factors include the current physical condition of the bridge, the seismic hazard, the seismic design, the importance of the bridge in terms of traffic, and the geometry of the bridges. In the second stage, the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) was used to determine the relative impact of each factor compared to other factors.The third stage is to calculate the bridge's seismic reliability index (RSI) by combining the weights of these factors with the score for each case.Three classifications of seismic reliability were proposed for low, medium and high. The model has been applied to many reinforced concrete bridges in earthquake-prone areas in Algeria. The model provides valuable insights for evaluating bridge reliability and can help decision makers and officials make proactive decisions that will improve seismic resilience. Finally, the results obtained are summarized in this paper.
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Atadero, Jia, Abdallah, and Ozbek. "An Integrated Uncertainty-Based Bridge Inspection Decision Framework with Application to Concrete Bridge Decks." Infrastructures 4, no. 3 (August 8, 2019): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/infrastructures4030050.
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The limitations of the standard two-year interval for the visual inspection of bridges required by the U.S. National Bridge Inspection Standards have been well documented, and alternative approaches to bridge inspection planning have been presented in recent literature. This paper explores a different strategy for determining the interval between inspections and the type of inspection technique to use for bridges. The foundational premise of the proposed approach is that bridge inspections are conducted to increase knowledge about the bridge’s current condition, and therefore, are only required when uncertainty about the knowledge of the bridge condition is too high. An example case of a reinforced concrete bridge deck was used to demonstrate how this approach would work. The method utilized deterioration models for predicting corrosion and crack initiation time, considering the uncertainty in the models’ parameters. Bridge inspections were used to update the current condition information and model parameters through Bayesian updating. As this paper presents a new idea for inspection planning, not all of the data or models necessary to fully develop and validate the approach currently exist. Nonetheless, the method was applied to a simulated example which demonstrates how the timing and means of bridge inspection can be tailored to provide the required data about individual bridges needed for effective bridge management decision making.
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Russo, Francesco M., Terry J. Wipf, and F. Wayne Klaiber. "Cost-Effective Structures for Off-System Bridges." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1819, no. 1 (January 2003): 397–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1819b-50.
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Nearly half of the 587,000 bridges in excess of 6.1 m (20 ft) long on public roads in the United States are located off the Federal Aid System, are on local rural and urban roads or rural minor collectors, and are classified as off-system bridges. Approximately one-third of the off-system bridges are structurally deficient or functionally obsolete. The majority of states with large bridge populations are rural states with large percentages of structures owned by counties and other local agencies. Many of these bridges are on low-volume roads. Given the size of the deficient bridge population and the concentration of these bridges largely on locally owned networks, a recent NCHRP synthesis (NCHRP 32-08, Cost Effective Structures for Off-System Bridges) has explored the current practices regarding the maintenance, rehabilitation, and replacement of off-system bridges. The administrative aspects of off-system bridge ownership and management were explored, including sources and problems of funding, bridge asset management, design policies for off-system bridges, exploration of the environmental process, and discussions of interagency partnering and coordination problems. A significant body of work exists on effective bridge maintenance and rehabilitation. A significant discussion of bridge strengthening, including specific techniques used on low-volume-road bridges, was also examined. Concerning bridge replacements, the literature and owner survey were used to provide information on successful concepts currently being used. In addition to successful bridge replacement options, discussion of the use of standard plans, design aids, and software is promoted as leading to standard and efficient low-volume-road bridge replacements.
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VanZanten, Susan. "“Bridges Often Go”: Emily Dickinson's Bridge Poems." New England Quarterly 85, no. 3 (September 2012): 526–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/tneq_a_00211.
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Emily Dickinson's references to the nineteenth-century science of bridge building culminate in two major bridge poems that apply technical knowledge to transcendent concepts to produce powerful statements of faith. Transforming the technological sublime into the religious sublime, Dickinson captures the mystery of the transition from life to death.
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Bodnar, Larisa, and Vasyl Redchenko. "ON THE GUIDELINES TO THE NATIONAL STANDARD FOR DYNAMIC TESTING OF HIGHWAY BRIDGES." Avtoshliakhovyk Ukrayiny, no. 1 (257)’ 2019 (March 29, 2019): 40–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.33868/0365-8392-2019-1-257-40-45.
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Maintenance of bridges in an operational state is an important task for engineers who are commissioned to operate them. The main role in solving this issue is the timely detection of changes in the technical state of the bridge’s structures and their correct interpretation – that is the process called technical diagnostics. Bridges are operated under dynamic load (mobile transport) and that is why dynamic testing of bridges is one of the main methods for diagnosing their technical state. Only on the highways of state importance 74 bridges that are subject to mandatory dynamic testing in accordance with the requirements of the state standard DSTU 8748: 2017 are operated. During testing the bridges the reliable data on the work of bridge spans and their carrying capacity can be obtained precisely during their dynamic testing. The purpose of the study is to provide the performers of dynamic tests of highway bridges with methodological support in preparing, conducting, developing and analyzing the data of these tests in order to determine the quantitative characteristics of bridge spans and their actual carrying capacity. The adoption and implementation of the Guidelines for the national standard DSTU “Guidelines for conducting dynamic tests of highway bridges” will allow more wide and efficient application of dynamic tests within the scope of technical diagnostics of highway bridges. This will ensure their reliable and no-failure operation. In January 1, 2019, DSTU 8748:2017 “Guidelines for conducting the dynamic tests of highway bridges” came into force. The regulations known in the world regarding the impact of vibration on building structures are of a general nature and do not take into account the dynamics specificity of the bridges, therefore the draft national standard is a pioneer targeted at an assessment of the technical state of bridges. The DSTU defines the following items: the scope of work, methods and algorithms for analyzing the results of dynamic tests and it also sets certain requirements that must be met by the performers. The DSTU was developed basing on previously worked out methods for dynamic testing of bridges and taking into account the latest scientific research. The adoption and implementation of this standard allows more accurately determining the actual carrying capacity of highway bridges, as well as assigning the appropriate mode of their operation which will contribute to increasing the economic and social impact by improving the quality of work on determining the technical state of bridges and, accordingly, more justified preparation of the projects for their repair. Fulfillment of the provisions of the DSTU requires from the performers the solid knowledge on the dynamic of structures and certain practical experience of carrying out the field works on the dynamic testing of bridges using the new techniques. In practice, each performer independently increases his knowledge base on conducting the dynamic tests mainly by studying the technical literature. The search for clarification regarding the specific methodology within the data available in technical literature is time consuming, and as regards certain newer methods, such data are not freely available. That is why the development of the Guidelines for DSTU is an important and urgent task. Keywords: dynamic test, dynamic load, Guidelines, highway bridge, structure.
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Day, Sara K. "Bridges." Children's Literature Association Quarterly 46, no. 2 (2021): 109–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/chq.2021.0028.
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Nezhad, Mehdi Dezfuli, Reza Raoufi, and Ahmad Dalvand. "A Network-Based Importance Measurement Index for Bridge Security Risk Assessment and Prioritisation." Baltic Journal of Road and Bridge Engineering 17, no. 1 (March 28, 2022): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.7250/bjrbe.2022-17.549.
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In the related literature, conventional approaches to assessing security risk and prioritising bridges have focused on unique characteristics. Although the unique characteristics appropriately reflect the economic and social consequences of failure, they neglect the consequences of a bridge failure at the network level. If network owners and operators prioritise bridges solely based on their unique characteristics, bridges with low object-level importance and high network-level importance have very low chances to get priority. In this paper, a bridge importance measurement index α(e) has been presented, prioritising bridges based on their unique characteristics, location and network topology. To describe how to use this index α(e), three numerical examples were provided. While the first example was related to a simple hypothetical network, the second and third examples were real networks related to the bridges of Wroclaw city. Using these examples, the results of bridge prioritisation obtained in the unique-characteristics-only state were compared to the state in which α(e) had been used. Results showed that considering the location of the bridge and the topological characteristics of the network change the bridges prioritisation. For instance, in the second example, it was observed that the use of the α(e), made bridge Bolesława Krzywoustego the essential bridge, while bridge Grunwaldzki was the essential bridge under the previous prioritisation made by researchers. However, the results of the third example showed that bridge Milenijny, which was considered the essential network bridge as stated in the previous prioritisation made by researchers, was again selected as the most critical bridge based on the α(e).
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Taylor, Andrew W., Albert N. Lin, and Jonathan W. Martin. "Performance of Elastomers in Isolation Bearings: A Literature Review." Earthquake Spectra 8, no. 2 (May 1992): 279–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1585682.
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Laminated elastomeric bearings have been used for about 30 years in the United States to isolate bridge substructures from the lateral forces induced by shrinkage and creep of their superstructures. More recently, elastomeric bearings have been increasingly employed in buildings and bridges as a means of decoupling the structure from seismic ground motions. Since most buildings and bridges have service lives of at least 30 to 60 years, questions about the long-term behavior of base-isolation bearings arise. This paper presents a review of literature relating to the long term performance of the elastomers used in seismic isolation bearings. Bearing performance requirements are discussed and material characteristics and fabrication procedures are outlined. Field experience and laboratory findings are reviewed. Finally, long-term environmental effects are discussed, including ozone degradation, corrosion, temperature effects, and the influence of bombardment of elastomers by high energy radiation.
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Li, Fang Yuan, Zheng Yuan Xie, and Xiao Shuai Guo. "Literature Reviews and Summary of Concrete Bridge Seamless Broaden Technology." Applied Mechanics and Materials 193-194 (August 2012): 1290–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.193-194.1290.
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When the bridges broaden with seamless technology, there are differences between the existing bridge and the new bridge in design, construction and service. Because of concrete creep and shrinkage, temperature effect and prestress loss, there are stress defects in the seam, which will affect the service and safety. The current methods for the seam in foreign and domestic, such as plant steel and semi-rigid connection method are passive measures based on structure exiting state, which cannot ensure the long-term performance of the seam.
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Zhang, Yuxiang, Reamonn MacReamoinn, Philip Cardiff, and Jennifer Keenahan. "Analyzing Wind Effects on Long-Span Bridges: A Viable Numerical Modelling Methodology Using OpenFOAM for Industrial Applications." Infrastructures 8, no. 9 (August 26, 2023): 130. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/infrastructures8090130.
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Aerodynamic performance is of critical importance to the design of long-span bridges. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modelling offers bridge designers an opportunity to investigate aerodynamic performance for long-span bridges during the design phase as well as during operation of the bridge. It offers distinct advantages when compared with the current standard practice of wind tunnel testing, which can have several limitations. The proposed revisions to the Eurocodes offer CFD as a methodology for wind analysis of bridges. Practicing engineers have long sought a computationally affordable, viable, and robust framework for industrial applications of using CFD to examine wind effects on long-span bridges. To address this gap in the literature and guidance, this paper explicitly presents a framework and demonstrates a workflow of analyzing wind effects on long-span bridges using open-source software, namely FreeCAD, OpenFOAM, and ParaView. Example cases are presented, and detailed configurations and general guidance are discussed during each step. A summary is provided of the validation of this methodology with field data collected from the structural health monitoring (SHM) systems of two long-span bridges.
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Banerjee, Animikh, and Devnita Polley. "Structural and Economical Analysis of Cable-Stayed Bridges." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 12, no. 5 (May 31, 2024): 2916–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2024.62255.
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Abstract: Cable-stayed bridges have emerged as prominent structures in modern civil engineering, renowned for their aesthetic appeal, structural efficiency, and economic viability. This review paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the structural and economic aspects of cable-stayed bridges. It encompasses a thorough examination of various design considerations, construction techniques, material selection, and economic factors influencing the feasibility and performance of cable-stayed bridges. Through the synthesis of existing literature and case studies, this paper aims to offer insights into the key factors driving the design, construction, and economic evaluation of cable-stayed bridges, thereby aiding engineers, planners, and decision-makers in making informed choices in bridge infrastructure development projects.
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Ellobody, Ehab. "Finite element modelling and design of composite bridges with profiled steel sheeting." Advances in Structural Engineering 20, no. 9 (December 1, 2016): 1406–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1369433216678865.
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This article discusses the non-linear analysis and design of highway composite bridges with profiled steel sheeting. A three-dimensional finite element model has been developed for the composite bridges, which accounted for the bridge geometries, material non-linearities of the bridge components, bridge boundary conditions, shear connection, interactions among bridge components and bridge bracing systems. The simply supported composite bridge has a span of 48 m, a width of 13 m and a depth of 2.3 m. The bridge components were designed following the European code for steel–concrete composite bridges. The live load acting on the bridge was load model 1, which represents the static and dynamic effects of vertical loading due to normal road traffic as specified in the European code. The finite element model of the composite bridge was developed depending on additional finite element models, developed by the author, and validated against tests reported in the literature on full-scale composite bridges and composite bridge components. The tests had different geometries, different boundary conditions, different loading conditions and different failure modes. Failure loads, load–mid-span deflection relationships, load–end slip relationships, failure modes, stress contours of the composite bridge as well as of the modelled tests were predicted from the finite element analysis and compared well against test results. The comparison with test results has shown that the finite element models can be effectively used to provide more accurate analyses and better understanding for the behaviour and design of composite bridges with profiled steel sheeting. A parametric study was conducted on the composite bridge highlighting the effects of the change in structural steel strength and concrete strength on the behaviour and design of the composite bridge. This study has shown that the design rules specified in the European code are accurate and conservative for the design of highway steel–concrete composite bridges.
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Pipinato, Alessio. "Moving Loads Bridge Response: Structural Analysis and Eurocode Provisions." Advanced Materials Research 629 (December 2012): 409–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.629.409.
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Moving loads analysis in bridges are currently undertaken as a result of code provisions. However, this relevant part of the structural analysis in bridges, could be implemented with a wide variety of instruments and analysis. This paper deals with the response of bridges to moving loads: in the first part, in order to take advantage of the high amount of works performed in the past, a review of the principle method for the dynamic response of bridges to moving loads are outlined; in the second part code provisions of Eurocode are presented. Current short and medium span bridge types are analyzed, including long span bridges, as cable-stayed and suspension bridges, having gained much popularity in recent decades for their aesthetic appearance, efficient utilization of structural materials and other notable advantages. A wide amount of references from the analyzed literature are included.
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Thulaseedharan, Nandhu Pillay, and Matthew Thomas Yarnold. "Prioritization of Texas prestressed concrete bridges for future truck platoon loading." Bridge Structures 16, no. 4 (March 29, 2021): 155–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/brs-210181.
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Autonomous truck platoons shall soon be traveling our highway system with greater frequency. The objective of the presented study is to conduct a high-level evaluation of the Texas concrete bridge inventory when subjected to potential truck platoon loading. The National Bridge Inventory (NBI) database is utilized to the greatest extent possible. In addition, a significant literature review is performed to make assumptions allowing estimated load rating calculations for the prestressed concrete bridges likely to support future platoons (nearly 3,000 bridges). The truck platoon load ratings, combined with the NBI structural evaluation condition ratings, are utilized to prioritize each bridge. As a result, bridges are identified for more detailed evaluation prior to future truck platoon implementation. Data analysis was also performed to further understand the impact of various parameters on the load rating and prioritization results. Conclusions were drawn regarding the sensitivity of the (1) original design methodology, (2) bridge span length, (3) truck type, (4) truck spacing and (5) number of trucks within a platoon. In addition, a secondary benefit of the study is a presented framework for other bridge owners to prioritize their bridges that may be subjected to truck platoon or other heavy vehicle loading.
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Elshazli, Mohamed T., Mohanad M. Abdulazeez, Mohamed ElGawady, and Ahmed Ibrahim. "Comprehensive Numerical Modeling of Prestressed Girder Bridges under Low-Velocity Impact." Buildings 14, no. 3 (February 29, 2024): 640. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings14030640.
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Accidental collisions involving over-height trucks that exceed vertical clearance limits and bridge superstructures frequently happen, resulting in compromised girders and potential threats to structural safety and performance. The numerical simulation of large-scale prestressed girder bridge collisions poses challenges due to the associated nonlinearities, as well as the limited availability of large-scale experimental testing data in the literature due to cost and complexity constraints. This study introduces a numerical modeling approach to efficiently capture the response of prestressed girder bridges under lateral impact loads. A finite element (FE) model was developed using LS-DYNA and meticulously validated against experimental data from the literature. The study explored four methods for applying prestressing forces and evaluated the performance of four concrete material constitutive models, including the Continuous Surface Cap Model (CSCM), Concrete Damage Plastic Model (CDPM), Karagozian & Case Concrete (KCC) model, and Winfrith concrete model, under impact loads. Furthermore, an impact study was conducted to investigate the influence of impact speed, impact mass, and prestressing force on the behavior of prestressed girder bridges. Utilizing the dynamic relaxation (DR) approach, the developed FE model precisely captured the response of prestressed girders under impact loads. The CSCM yielded the most accurate predictions of impact forces, with an error of less than 8%, and demonstrated a strong ability to predict damage patterns. Impact speed, mass, and the presence of prestressing force showed a significant influence on the resulting peak impact force experienced by the girder. Furthermore, the study underscores the composite nature of the bridge’s response and emphasizes the importance of analyzing the bridge as a whole rather than focusing solely on individual girders.
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Tonelli, Daniel, Andrea Valentini, Alfredo Rocca, Stefano Zorzi, Alessandro Lotti, and Daniele Zonta. "Uncertainty quantification of satellite InSAR‐monitoring of bridges: a case study." ce/papers 6, no. 5 (September 2023): 900–906. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cepa.1991.
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AbstractTraditional structural health monitoring (SHM) systems provide accurate and objective information to assess the condition state of bridges; however, they are expensive and typically installed only on strategic bridges. Innovative technologies offer a potential solution. Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) takes multiple satellite radar images of a given area over time and extracts displacement time series of reflective point targets on the ground. The literature on InSAR‐based SHM of bridges lacks systematic studies aiming at quantifying the metrological uncertainty of the displacements measured. Furthermore, the topographic context and the magnitude of displacements of these structures between successive satellite passes significantly impact the uncertainty of results. This paper aims to evaluate the effectiveness of InSAR‐based SHM of bridges by comparing displacement time series obtained from InSAR with those from an on‐site topographic system. Displacements are measured from a prestressed concrete bridge in the Alpine region. Moreover, this study models the deformed shape of the bridge based on satellite and on‐site measurements and compares the results to determine whether bridge distortions can be reconstructed using satellite data alone.
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Ziolkowski, Theodore. "Bridges to the Past: The Bridges of Berlin." World Literature Today 80, no. 4 (2006): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40159139.
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Witt-Brattström, Ebba. "Den stora planen om Marias efterföljelse. Heliga Birgittas genuskorrigering." Tidskrift för genusvetenskap 24, no. 3-4 (June 15, 2022): 101–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.55870/tgv.v24i3-4.4138.
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Holy Bridgets (1303-73) Heavenly Visions, six hundred chapters divided into eight books and one appendix, "Extravagantes", published in 1492, contain remarkable sections transgressing the borders of ecdesiastic androcentrism. This artide analyses her work in the context of a tradition of women's visionary literature. Radical and unique though it is in comparison with that of other women visionaries, Bridgefs feminist strategy suffers from structural restrictions, since she worked for the church and thus operated within a patriarchal framework. However, her vision is profoundly feminist, based as it is on an enlarged definition of holiness and humanity that embraces female reproductive and sexual experiences. A chief metaphor is childbirth, which conveys both the giving of life and of death (in the purgatory visions). Since she uses these female metaphors and similes for men as well as for women, one can talk of a certain constructivist essentialism in Bridgefs vision. The connection between the heavenly and the earthly mother is established in a symmetric relationship between Mary and Bridget. Bridget is summoned by Mary in a second Annunciation, which bridges the ideal of Mary's pure womanhood and the less pure womanhood of ordinary women, represented by Bridget, mother of eight children. Apart from Bridgefs Mariocentric message, one finds in her work an ambivalent discourse of the body, a sexual grotesque, as Bakhtin would say. This can be interpreted as a feminist attempt at reclaiming the female body, a precedent of the current discussion of the female body as a symbolic construction.
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Ibrahim, Muhammad Khairil, Azlan Ab Rahman, and Baderul Hisham Ahmad. "Vehicle Induced Vibration on Real Bridge and Integral Abutment Bridge – A Short Review." Applied Mechanics and Materials 773-774 (July 2015): 923–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.773-774.923.
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Nowadays, vehicle-induced vibration is a subject matter interest in the bridge monitoring field. As compared to other types of excitation such as earthquake and accidental impact, the vehicle-induced vibration is often being less considered during the design process of the bridge. The newly implemented code also does not emphasize on the vibration check for vehicular bridge and requires the engineers to refer to other “unnamed literature” if they would want to consider vibration check during the design process. However, in recent years there were few reported cases of road users experiencing the excessive vibration when they travelled on certain bridges, therefore raising concern among the bridge designer community the need for vibration check. This paper reviews several conducted researches on vehicle-induced vibration on the real bridge, the methodologies adopted and the outcome from each research. While there are extensive research been conducted on the real bridge, this review is limited to the conducted research into the different categories of bridges. Vehicle- induced vibration usually used for modal testing of the vehicular bridges and is chosen due to the flexibility offered by this method as type of excitation. Most of the researchers focused on the vibration by the vehicle of common bridge while less researches for the integral type. In the context of the integral bridge construction in Malaysia, bored pile is widely being used rather than H-type piles for integral bridges. Hence, there is a need for further exploration on the combination of integral type bridges with the bored pile foundation to assess their dynamic characteristics.
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Rath, Michael, Franz Untermarzoner, and Johann Kollegger. "On the Torsional Behavior of the Longitudinal Bridge Girders Used in the LT-Bridge Construction Method." Applied Sciences 13, no. 11 (May 30, 2023): 6657. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13116657.
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A new bridge construction method, combining semi-precast elements and in situ concrete, has been developed at TU Wien, with the aim of decreasing erection time. In the course of construction using this new method, structural conditions arise that render a more detailed investigation necessary. By connecting a precast, thin-walled box girder to a bridge segment located on a pier by means of post-tensioning, a joint is created. By casting in situ concrete on the bottom and top slabs, the joint can be bridged with longitudinal reinforcement; however, the unreinforced vertical joints in the webs remain. This detail is a specific characteristic of the LT-bridge construction method and needs to be further investigated and assessed, as the question arises as to how this circumstance affects the torsional bearing behavior of the bridge superstructure. Torsion tests described in the literature consider ordinary box girders with longitudinal reinforcement or post-tensioned segmental bridges without longitudinal reinforcement at the joints. Therefore, the new reinforcement layout at the joints had to be investigated experimentally. Two large-scale thin-walled box girders—one without joints in the webs and the other with unreinforced joints in the webs—were tested, allowing for a direct comparison of conventionally manufactured bridges and those erected with the new bridge construction method. Furthermore, we investigated whether the results of common calculation methods corresponded to the experimental findings.
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Svendsen, Bjørn T., Gunnstein T. Frøseth, and Anders Rönnquist. "Damage Detection Applied to a Full-Scale Steel Bridge Using Temporal Moments." Shock and Vibration 2020 (February 27, 2020): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/3083752.
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The most common damages in existing highway and railway steel bridges are related to fatigue and are, as reported in the literature, found in the structural system of the bridge deck. This paper proposes a methodology for detecting damaged joint connections in existing steel bridges to improve the quality of bridge inspections. The methodology combines the use of temporal moments from response measurements with an appropriate instrumentation setup. Damaged joint connections are identified by comparing statistical parameters based on temporal moments to a baseline, where the baseline data are established from statistical parameters evaluated for all considered joint connections. Localization of damaged joint connections is performed by utilizing the instrumentation setup. The feasibility of the proposed methodology is demonstrated through an experimental study on a full-scale steel riveted truss bridge with two known damages below the bridge deck, where both damages are identified and localized. The proposed methodology can improve the identification of critical structural damage during bridge inspections and is applicable to open-deck steel bridges.
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Yao, Gang, Linjun Wu, Yang Yang, Yuanlin Zheng, Bin Qin, and Yuxiao Chen. "A scientometric research and critical analysis of road-rail bridge." Vibroengineering Procedia 51 (October 20, 2023): 69–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.21595/vp.2023.23552.
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With the progress of society and the development of science and technology, the development of transportation is particularly important. Therefore, the road-rail bridge has rapidly developed. We searched the relevant literature from 2002 to 2022 in the Web of Science database in order to objectively understand the research status and development trend of road-rail bridges. We use bibliometric analysis methods to analyze the year of publication, number of publications, distribution of academic journals, research institutions, application fields, analysis theories, test methods and influencing factors in the field of road-rail bridges. Using Citespace software, we analyzed 184 research articles related to road-rail bridges.
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Svendsen, Bjørn T., Gunnstein T. Frøseth, Ole Øiseth, and Anders Rønnquist. "A data-based structural health monitoring approach for damage detection in steel bridges using experimental data." Journal of Civil Structural Health Monitoring 12, no. 1 (October 20, 2021): 101–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13349-021-00530-8.
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AbstractThere is a need for reliable structural health monitoring (SHM) systems that can detect local and global structural damage in existing steel bridges. In this paper, a data-based SHM approach for damage detection in steel bridges is presented. An extensive experimental study is performed to obtain data from a real bridge under different structural state conditions, where damage is introduced based on a comprehensive investigation of common types of steel bridge damage reported in the literature. An analysis approach that includes a setup with two sensor groups for capturing both the local and global responses of the bridge is considered. From this, an unsupervised machine learning algorithm is applied and compared with four supervised machine learning algorithms. An evaluation of the damage types that can best be detected is performed by utilizing the supervised machine learning algorithms. It is demonstrated that relevant structural damage in steel bridges can be found and that unsupervised machine learning can perform almost as well as supervised machine learning. As such, the results obtained from this study provide a major contribution towards establishing a methodology for damage detection that can be employed in SHM systems on existing steel bridges.
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Alshibani, Adel, Amin S. Abu Saa, Mohammad A. Hassanain, Abdulaziz Bubshait, and Ali Shash. "Decision Support Model for Allocating Maintenance Budgets for Bridges." Applied Sciences 13, no. 17 (August 27, 2023): 9679. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13179679.
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This paper introduces a newly developed decision support model for allocating a budget for bridge maintenance. The model is built based on capturing the experts’ knowledge for the prioritization of criteria for selecting a bridge maintenance plan. A literature review and interviews with a group of nine local experts were carried out to identify the criteria for bridge prioritization for maintenance. A questionnaire survey was then designed and administered, utilizing multi-criteria decision-making techniques through face-to-face meetings with local bridge maintenance managers to determine the weights of the identified criteria and develop the utility curves for each criterion. The developed model consists of four major modules: (1) bridge ranking module; (2) prioritization module of bridge structural elements; (3) optimization-based simulation module; and (4) the outputs module. The model was validated in a hypothetical network of four bridges. The validation reveals that the model can assist bridge maintenance managers in setting a bridge maintenance plan, with a high level of confidence using efficient frontier analysis technique. Utilizing frontier analysis enables comparisons of mean costs of different bridge maintenance plans against different levels of risk to enable decision-makers to make informed decisions. The result of this study indicated that bridge structural condition was the most important criterion amongst all the criteria influencing the decision of bridge prioritization for maintenance, followed by traffic and bridge location. Moreover, bridge deck and parapet, followed by bearing pads, were found to be the most important of the bridge’s structural elements.
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Saback, Vanessa, Cosmin Popescu, Thomas Blanksvärd, and Björn Täljsten. "Asset Management of Existing Concrete Bridges Using Digital Twins and BIM: a State-of-the-Art Literature Review." Nordic Concrete Research 66, no. 1 (July 1, 2022): 91–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ncr-2021-0020.
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Abstract The need to optimize investments in bridge maintenance has created a demand for improved bridge management systems (BMS). Outdated practices in bridge inspection and constant advances in information technology have also contributed to this demand. The use of Digital Twins (DT), although well established in other industries, is still incipient for asset management and structural analysis of bridges. There is a great deal of research on Building Information Modelling (BIM) for bridge inspection, but its post-construction potential is still under-explored. This study presents a state-of-the-art review of the literature on asset management for bridges using digital models such as BIM and digital twins. The review was conducting using a systematic approach. Despite the rapid increase in research on DT and the amount of existing research on BIM, several gaps remain to be addressed, such as the lack of consensus about the definition of digital twins, which has led to wrongful categorisation of digital models as DT. The complex data flow and software compatibility required to develop a functional DT have hindered the exploitation of their full potential so far. The integration of BIM post-construction to BMS and existing automation technologies can also significantly improve current practices of bridge management.
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N.S., Nalleswaran, Pavalan Dr, and Ayyappan Dr. "Seismic Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Bridge and Control Measures for Seismic Pounding." International Journal of Innovative Research in Advanced Engineering 10, no. 07 (July 31, 2023): 455–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.26562/ijirae.2023.v1007.02.
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India has had a variety of the world’s greatest earthquakes within the last century. In fact, quite one half area within the country is taken into account vulnerable to damaging earthquakes. The seismic building design code in India (IS 1893, Part-I) is additionally revised in 2002. The magnitudes of the look seismic forces are considerably enhanced generally, and also the seismic zonation of some regions has also been upgraded. There are many literature (e.g., IITM-SERC Manual, 2005) available that presents step-by- step procedures to gauge multi-storeyed buildings. The attention for existing bridges is relatively less. However, bridges are important components of transportation network in any country. The bridge design codes, in India, don’t have any seismic design provision at this time. A outsized number of bridges are designed and constructed without considering seismic forces. Therefore, it is important to gauge the capacity of existing bridges against seismic force demand. There are presently no comprehensive guidelines to help the practicing structural engineer to gauge existing bridges and suggest design and retrofit schemes. So as handle this this problem, this work aims to hold out a seismic evaluation case study for an existing RC bridge using nonlinear static (pushover) analysis. Nonlinear static (pushover) analysis as per FEMA 356 isn’t compatible for bridge structures. So, within the present study an improved pushover analysis is additionally won’t to verify the results.
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Biasi, Glenn, Mohammed Saeed Mohammed, and David H. Sanders. "Earthquake Damage Estimations: ShakeCast Case Study on Nevada Bridges." Earthquake Spectra 33, no. 1 (February 2017): 45–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/121815eqs185m.
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This case study evaluates the vulnerability of Nevada bridges relative to earthquake hazard using two different methods. First, a distributed set of 112 realistic earthquake scenarios were processed with USGS program ShakeMap, and site-specific ground motion levels extracted for 1831 bridges in Nevada using ShakeCast. Second, using hazard curves underlying the 2014 USGS National Seismic Hazard Map (NSHM), return periods for earthquakes causing extensive damage to bridges were extracted and compared to the 1000-year design level adopted by the AASHTO. Lower capacities than those used in ShakeCast were proposed for five continuous bridge types based on a literature review. Scenarios provide points in a deterministic seismic hazard approach, with large earthquakes on known faults. NSHM hazard curves are based on a probabilistic approach. A graphical method is presented to unite the two approaches. A list of potentially vulnerable bridges was developed for Nevada Department of Transportation (NDOT) use in bridge retrofit planning. As a continuing benefit, ShakeCast now operates in Nevada to provide near-real-time inspection priorities in the event of a serious earthquake.
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Marchewka, Adam, Patryk Ziółkowski, and Victor Aguilar-Vidal. "Framework for Structural Health Monitoring of Steel Bridges by Computer Vision." Sensors 20, no. 3 (January 27, 2020): 700. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20030700.
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The monitoring of a structural condition of steel bridges is an important issue. Good condition of infrastructure facilities ensures the safety and economic well-being of society. At the same time, due to the continuous development, rising wealth of the society and socio-economic integration of countries, the number of infrastructural objects is growing. Therefore, there is a need to introduce an easy-to-use and relatively low-cost method of bridge diagnostics. We can achieve these benefits by the use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle-Based Remote Sensing and Digital Image Processing. In our study, we present a state-of-the-art framework for Structural Health Monitoring of steel bridges that involves literature review on steel bridges health monitoring, drone route planning, image acquisition, identification of visual markers that may indicate a poor condition of the structure and determining the scope of applicability. The presented framework of image processing procedure is suitable for diagnostics of steel truss riveted bridges. In our considerations, we used photographic documentation of the Fitzpatrick Bridge located in Tallassee, Alabama, USA.
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Boldrin, Paola, Giacomo Fornasari, and Enzo Rizzo. "Review of Ground Penetrating Radar Applications for Bridge Infrastructures." NDT 2, no. 1 (March 21, 2024): 53–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ndt2010004.
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Infrastructure bridges play a crucial role in fostering economic and social development. However, the adverse effects of natural hazard and weather degradation, coupled with escalating rates of traffic, pose a significant threat. The resultant strain on the structure can lead to undue stress, elevating the risk of a critical asset failure. Hence, non-destructive testing (NDT) has become indispensable in the surveillance of bridge infrastructure. Its primary objectives include ensuring safety, optimizing structural integrity, minimizing repair costs, and extending the lifespan of bridges. NDT techniques can be applied to both existing and newly constructed bridge structures. However, it is crucial to recognize that each NDT method comes with its own set of advantages and limitations tailored to specific tasks. No single method can provide an effective and unequivocal diagnosis on its own. Among the various NDT methods, Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) has emerged as one of the most widely employed techniques for monitoring bridges. In fact, recent technical regulations now mandate the use of GPR for bridge monitoring and characterization, underscoring its significance in ensuring the structural health and longevity of these critical infrastructures. Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) stands out as one of the most highly recommended non-destructive methods, offering an efficient and timely assessment of the structural conditions of infrastructure. Recognizing the pivotal role of non-destructive testing (NDT) in this context, this paper aims to elucidate recent scientific endeavors related to the application of GPR in bridge engineering structures. The exploration will commence with a focus on studies conducted both at the model level within laboratory settings and on real cases. Subsequently, the discussion will extend to encompass the characterization and monitoring of the bridge’s main elements: slab, beam, and pillar. By delving into these scientific experiences, this paper intends to provide valuable insights into the efficacy and applicability of GPR in assessing and ensuring the structural integrity of bridges. This paper provides a concise survey of the existing literature on the application of Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) in the assessment of bridges and viaducts constructed with masonry and reinforced concrete, taking into account papers of journal articles and proceedings available on open databases. Various approaches employed in both laboratory and field settings will be explored and juxtaposed. Additionally, this paper delves into discussions on novel processing and visualization approaches, shedding light on advancements in techniques for interpreting GPR data in the context of bridge and viaduct evaluations.
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Rajeshirke, Shriket P., Prof Yogesh R. Suryawanshi, and Prof Dr Navnath V. Khadake. "Comparative Study of Balance Cantilever Bridge and Extradosed Bridge." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 5 (May 31, 2022): 3365–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.43126.
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Abstract: Now a days, in India Balance Cantilever bridges are widely used in hilly region were supporting from the bottom is difficult. The name Balance Cantilever Bridge is arrived due to the application of construction methodology which balances out the cantilever portion. It is one of the most effective methods of building bridges without the need of false work. Balanced cantilever bridges are used for special requirements like construction over traffic, short lead time compared to steel and use local labour and materials. Extradosed bridge is a unique idea bridge between Girder Bridge and cable-stayed bridge. A balanced cantilever bridge with construction stage analysis consideration a model is prepared in the Midas Civil software and analysed, we can see how it considers construction stage analysis with creep & shrinkage effect. The construction stage analysis in the Midas Civil considers shrinkage and creep during construction stages to simulate the construction process of a incremental stage. As most of the literature covers either balance cantilever bridge or extradosed bridge, this paper introduces and attempt to summaries comparative study of balance cantilever and extra dose bridge with its span arrangement, span by depth ratio, prestressing steel etc. Keywords: Construction stage, balance cantilever , extradosed, prestress
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Fatih Yilmaz, Mehmet, Kadir Ozakgul, and Barlas Ozden Caglayan. "Simulation-Based Reliability Analysis of Steel Girder Railway Bridges." Baltic Journal of Road and Bridge Engineering 17, no. 3 (September 28, 2022): 44–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.7250/bjrbe.2022-17.568.
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Bridges are an essential component of the transportation system and safety and sustainability of bridges are critical for the efficient operation thereof. Due to scarcity of resources, an economical way should be determined to design and maintain bridges and the transportation system in general. Reliability indexes are widely used in the analysis of these concepts within a semi-probabilistic approach. However, advances in computer technology allow implementing a fully-probabilistic approach. This study represents a simulation-based reliability analysis of steel girder bridges in the railway lines. Statistical parameters of the bridges are determined both analysing the existing body of knowledge available in the literature and conducting specimen tests. The Bayesian approach is used to update the statistical properties of the steel material. Basic Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) is used to simulate the load and resistance of the bridge. The reliability of the bridges is determined according to their ultimate limit states and statistical load distribution. By using simulation, the consistency of the log-normal marginal distribution obtained is analysed herein.
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George, Jofin, and Arun Menon. "A mechanism-based assessment framework for masonry arch bridges under scour-induced support rotation." Advances in Structural Engineering 24, no. 12 (April 16, 2021): 2637–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13694332211009325.
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Increase in the frequency of flash floods owed to climate change, excessive sand mining, and urbanisation of watersheds has accelerated the need to quantify the structural effect of scour-induced structural damages in masonry arch bridges. The structural effects of scour-induced rotation are unaddressed in literature. In this context, a mechanism-based framework based on limit state principles is developed for masonry arch bridges subjected to scour-induced rotation. Critical collapse mechanisms caused by scour-induced rotation are identified, and analysis framework is developed using rigid-body kinematics. The spectrum of bridges under consideration is classified into subsets, and an assessment scheme is developed using fragility curves as a function of scouring location as well as bridge typology.
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Matia, Santu, and Diptesh Das. "Non-Linear Visco-elastic Pounding in Multi-span Simply Supported Isolated Bridges." Proceedings of the 12th Structural Engineering Convention, SEC 2022: Themes 1-2 1, no. 1 (December 19, 2022): 529–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.38208/acp.v1.544.
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The pounding phenomena in multi-span, simply supported, isolated bridges under earthquake ground motion is investigated. The piers are considered as elastic members and the abutments as rigid ones. An isolated bridge, taken from literature, is modeled as a multi-degree of freedom system by using Matlab program and Simulink. State-of-the-art reveals that study on non-linear visco-elastic pounding in seismically isolated, simply supported bridges is limited. The present paper explores this problem of pounding in bridges by considering the bearing isolations. Results show that pounding occurs more prominently at the locations where there are changes in structural properties such as the changes in height of pier or the presence of abutment.
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Cui, Feng Kun, Xu Chang Luo, and Feng Hui Dong. "Reliability Analysis of Pre-Stressed Concrete Continuous Girder Bridges Using Cantilever Construction on Different Codes." Applied Mechanics and Materials 744-746 (March 2015): 799–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.744-746.799.
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The object of this paper analyzes the reliability level of pre-stressed concrete continuous girder bridges designed with the Chinese codes including the code for design of highway reinforced concrete and pre-stressed concrete bridges and culverts of JTG D62-2004 and JTJ 023-85 using cantilever construction method. Typical cross-sections used in the example bridge are considered at service stage. Load and resistance parameters are treated as random variables. The statistical parameters are based on the available literature, test data and survey results. Reliability indices are calculated by iterations using the first-order second-moment method. The calculated results indicate that the reliability indices on the code of D62-2004 vary considerably to the code of JTJ 023-85. And it could provide the references for the reinforcement of old bridges and the design of new bridges using the cantilever construction.
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Sokolović, Neda M., Milica Petrović, Ana Kontić, Suzana Koprivica, and Nenad Šekularac. "Inspection and Assessment of Masonry Arch Bridges: Ivanjica Case Study." Sustainability 13, no. 23 (December 2, 2021): 13363. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132313363.
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The importance of masonry arch bridges as a traffic network element calls for a thorough analysis focused on both structural stability and loading capacity of these historical structures, considering the usage of these bridges in contemporary traffic conditions. This paper focuses on the analysis of longitudinal cracks in a single span masonry arch bridge to evaluate its influence on structural behaviour of the system. As longitudinal cracks do not necessarily present an inevitable collapse mechanism, analysis of the causes is crucial for evaluating the serviceability and functionality of the bridge investigated. The methodology is based on the following: literature review, observation of the stone bridge in Ivanjica, geological testing of the site, geophysical testing of the bridge, laboratory testing of mechanical characteristics of stone used for the bridge construction and biological analysis of the samples of implemented materials on the bridge. Finite element analysis of the bridge was conducted to define the causes of the longitudinal cracks. The 3D simulation model was based on the data collected through observation and experimental analysis. This paper provides extensive research on a single span masonry bridge, examining how different deterioration mechanisms, in conjunction, can lead to the appearance of cracks in masonry arch bridges and provide remedial measures accordingly.
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Klaiber, F. Wayne, Terry J. Wipf, and Rula B. Abu-Kishk. "Utilization of partial end restraint in bridge strengthening." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 21, no. 5 (October 1, 1994): 836–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l94-089.
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The purpose of this investigation is to determine a technique for increasing the capacity of bridges to accommodate today's increase in loading. Strengthening existing steel stringers in composite, steel-beam, concrete-deck bridges by providing partial end restraint is shown to be feasible. The research program included a review of existing literature, testing of a full-scale bridge beam and a 1/3-scale bridge model, and finite-element analyses of the restraint brackets, the test beam, and the model bridge. Analytical and experimental results of this investigation are presented, as well as results from an analytical investigation of the bridge model when subjected to various degrees of end restraint. Six different degrees of end restraint were examined. The achieved percent reductions ranged from 12% to 26% for midspan strains, 20% to 30% for midspan deflections, and 10% to 32% for beam end rotations. The correlation between the analytical and experimental results verified the basic design assumptions; thus, the analytical models can be used for determining the location and the degree of end restraint required to strengthen an existing bridge. Key words: bridges, girder, composite structures, tests, models, strengthening, rehabilitation, restraint.
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Mohammadi Dehnavi, Mohammad Mahdi, Alessandra De Angelis, and Maria Rosaria Pecce. "The Effect of Connection Ductility on Composite Steel–Concrete Bridges." Applied Sciences 14, no. 3 (January 23, 2024): 963. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14030963.
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Connection behavior significantly influences the design efficiency of steel–concrete composite bridges. This study investigates the impact of shear connectors, specifically headed stud connectors, on the structural response of symmetric and skewed composite steel–concrete bridges. Utilizing bilinear or trilinear slip–shear strength laws for studs, in line with the existing literature and code provisions, a finite element (FE) model is developed. This FE model is applied to a case study for composite deck analysis, incorporating variations in connection strength and ductility for nonlinear analyses. The study assesses ductility demands in connections for symmetric and skewed bridges of varying lengths and angles, considering both ductile and elastic designs. Results emphasize the importance of stud capacity, ductility, and strength on the overall bridge response, analyzing slip and shear trends at the interface. Skewed bridges, crucial for non-orthogonal crossings of roads, are integral to modern transportation infrastructure. However, skewness angles exceeding 20° can result in undesirable effects on stresses in the deck due to vertical loads. The results indicate that shear distribution in studs changes significantly as the skew angle increases, contributing valuable insights into optimizing bridge design. Thus, this research provides a comprehensive analysis of principles, design methodologies, and practical applications for both symmetric and skewed steel–concrete composite bridges, considering various parameters.
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Ingwersen, Moritz. "Crossing Canadian Bridges." Science Fiction Studies 47, no. 2 (2020): 298–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/sfs.2020.0032.
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Hinojosa-Smith, Rolando. "Bridges & Access." World Literature Today 76, no. 2 (2002): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40157279.
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Ingwersen. "Crossing Canadian Bridges." Science Fiction Studies 47, no. 2 (2020): 298. http://dx.doi.org/10.5621/sciefictstud.47.2.0298.
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Wulandari Pratiwi, Sri, Arjudin Arjudin, Nani Kurniati, and Sripatmi Sripatmi. "Penerapan Konsep Persamaan Diferensial Biasa Pada Pemodelan Tali Penahan Jembatan Gantung." Griya Journal of Mathematics Education and Application 1, no. 4 (December 31, 2021): 559–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/griya.v1i4.115.
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bridge from the concept of ordinary differential equations and to determine solving differential equations and capitalizing suspension bridges, with the suspension bridge in Gerung, West Lombok is a modeling. The type of this research is Quantitative research with development methods literature. The subject in this research retaining ropes on suspension bridges. The data collected in the form of journals or articles from various related sources model of the retaining rope on a computed suspension bridge analyzed and concluded by the researcher through data analysis techniques by using the type of research triangulation principle and theoretical triangulation based on the results of data analysis, it was found that differential equations can be applied to modeling suspension bridges through first-order ordinary differential equations with the form of capitalization equations with the solution , with the interval in . The Gerung suspension bridge has its retaining rope modeling solution is , in 12 right suspensions at each hose in the interval the related variable is the height of the retaining rope and x the independent variable is the distance from the lowest restraint to the rope to be measured.
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Tao, Hongkai. "Research on the development and application of digital twin for the full life cycle of bridge engineering." Theoretical and Natural Science 31, no. 1 (March 7, 2024): 279–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-8818/31/20241153.
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Bridges play an important role in modern society, whereas many bridges are in poor condition and are characterized by complexity, randomness, and risk no matter what phase the bridges are in. Meanwhile, with advanced technologies such as IoT and Big Data, Digital Twin has been developed in different industries, such as aerospace. With multiple superiorities of real-time data detection, big data processing, full life-cycle management, etc., it is appropriate for bridge engineering. The paper aims to present a state-of-the-art literature review on the full life cycle of the application of Digital Twin in Bridge Engineering. The article discusses the relationship between Digital Twin and Building Information Model (BIM) and constructs a comprehensive framework for Digital Twin in Bridge Engineering. The review is classified into three main parts design and construction phase, operation and maintenance phase, and demolition phase based on different stages of the full life cycle. The results show the applications high potential and feasibility, and show that most of the current research focuses on the operation and maintenance phases. However, intensive research is still necessary to improve the accuracy, quality, efficiency, timeliness, and versatility of the Digital Twin in Bridge Engineering.
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Mitrovic, Stefan, and Snežana Mašovic. "Design of bridges according to environmental requirements." Put i saobraćaj 69, no. 2 (June 6, 2023): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.31075/pis.69.02.02.
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Environmental protection undoubtedly becomes the primary task of humanity in the 21st century. The development of technology and technique has brought many conveniences to people, but it has created and negatively affects their environment. This paper presents the impact of bridge construction on the environment. Through the literature review, certain negative effects were determined through different stages of design, from construction to rehabilitation of bridge structures. The results of applying Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) in bridge design are shown on a examples. The case study shows the possibility of using integral abutment bridges on reducing the environmental pollution. In the concluding remarks, a model for the introduction of environmental requirements into the design and construction process are presented.
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Rashidi Nasab, Armin, and Hazem Elzarka. "Optimizing Machine Learning Algorithms for Improving Prediction of Bridge Deck Deterioration: A Case Study of Ohio Bridges." Buildings 13, no. 6 (June 12, 2023): 1517. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13061517.
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The deterioration of a bridge’s deck endangers its safety and serviceability. Ohio has approximately 45,000 bridges that need to be monitored to ensure their structural integrity. Adequate prediction of the deterioration of bridges at an early stage is critical to preventing failures. The objective of this research was to develop an accurate model for predicting bridge deck conditions in Ohio. A comprehensive literature review has revealed that past researchers have utilized different algorithms and features when developing models for predicting bridge deck deterioration. Since, there is no guarantee that the use of features and algorithms utilized by past researchers would lead to accurate results for Ohio’s bridges, this research proposes a framework for optimizing the use of machine learning (ML) algorithms to more accurately predict bridge deck deterioration. The framework aims to first determine “optimal” features that can be related to deck deterioration conditions, specifically in the case of Ohio’s bridges by using various feature-selection methods. Two feature-selection models used were XGboost and random forest, which have been confirmed by the Boruta algorithm, in order to determine the features most relevant to deck conditions. Different ML algorithms were then used, based on the “optimal” features, to select the most accurate algorithm. Seven machine learning algorithms, including single models such as decision tree (DT), artificial neural networks (ANNs), k-nearest neighbors (k-NNs), logistic regression (LR), and support vector machines (SVRs), as well as ensemble models such as Random Forest (RF) and eXtreme gradient boosting (XGboost), have been implemented to classify deck conditions. To validate the framework, results from the ML algorithms that used the “optimal” features as input were compared to results from the same ML algorithms that used the “most common” features that have been used in previous studies. On a dataset obtained from the Ohio Department of Transportation (ODOT), the results indicated that the ensemble ML algorithms were able to predict deck conditions significantly more accurately than single models when the “optimal” features were utilized. Although the framework was implemented using data obtained from ODOT, it can be successfully utilized by other transportation agencies to more accurately predict the deterioration of bridge components.
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Onyshchenko, Artur, Mykola Garkusha, Oleg Fedorenko, Oleksandr Davydenko, and Sergii Tsepelev. "Prospects of application of cement concrete coating on transport buildings." Dorogi i mosti 2021, no. 23 (March 25, 2021): 178–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.36100/dorogimosti2021.23.178.
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Introduction. Road bridges are an integral part of the road network of transport infrastructure of Ukraine. The technical condition of the vast majority of road bridges does not meet modern requirements for road safety and structural reliability of structural elements.Problems. There are no recommendations for the design and installation of cement-concrete pavement on the reinforced concrete slab of the carriageway of road bridges, as well as an album of standard solutions of such structures.Goal. Analysis of the causes and types of cracking on cement concrete pavement, technical literature and current regulations on the calculation of crack resistance and durability of cement concrete pavement on the reinforced concrete slab of the carriageway of road bridges.Results. The analysis of application of a cement concrete covering on transport constructions is carried out. The causes and types of crack formation on cement-concrete pavement are established. The analysis of technical literature and current normative documentation on calculation of crack resistance and durability of cement concrete pavement on the reinforced concrete slab of road bridges is carried out.Conclusions. The analysis of prospects of application of a cement concrete covering on transport constructions is carried out in work.Keywords: road bridge, durability, reinforced concrete slab, crack formation, carriageway, crack resistance, cement concrete pavement
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Martins, Alberto M. B., Luís M. C. Simões, and João H. J. O. Negrão. "Optimization of cable-stayed bridges: A literature survey." Advances in Engineering Software 149 (November 2020): 102829. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.advengsoft.2020.102829.
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Sennah, Khaled M., and John B. Kennedy. "Literature Review in Analysis of Box-Girder Bridges." Journal of Bridge Engineering 7, no. 2 (March 2002): 134–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)1084-0702(2002)7:2(134).
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