Journal articles: 'Bridges, Prefabricated'

1

Hällmark, Robert, Peter Collin, and Martin Nilsson. "Prefabricated Composite Bridges." IABSE Symposium Report 96, no. 9 (January 1, 2009): 107–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/222137809796078748.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Hällmark, Robert, Peter Collin, and Anders Stoltz. "Innovative Prefabricated Composite Bridges." Structural Engineering International 19, no. 1 (February 2009): 69–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/101686609787398425.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Collin, Peter, Anders Stoltz, and Mikael Möller. "Innovative Prefabricated Composite Bridges." IABSE Symposium Report 86, no. 16 (January 1, 2002): 105–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/222137802796335910.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Russell, Henry G., Mary Lou Ralls, and Benjamin M. Tang. "Prefabricated Bridge Elements and Systems in Japan and Europe." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1928, no. 1 (January 2005): 102–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198105192800111.

Full text

Abstract:

In April 2004, a scanning tour of Japan, the Netherlands, Belgium, Germany, and France was made to obtain information about bridge construction methods being used to minimize traffic disruption, improve work zone safety, minimize environmental impact, improve constructibility, increase quality, and lower life-cycle costs. From information obtained from the tour, 10 technologies were identified for further consideration and possible implementation into U.S. practices. These included two technologies that allow bridges to be built off site and then moved to their final location in a short time, three superstructure systems and four deck systems that facilitate faster and safer construction, and one substructure system. The two technologies for moving bridges were self-propelled modular transporters and other moving systems, including skidding or sliding, incremental launching, floating, rotating, and lifting of bridges into place. The superstructure systems included a precast concrete deck system known as the Poutre Dalle system, the use of partial-depth concrete decks prefabricated on steel or concrete beams, and U-shaped precast concrete segments with transverse ribs. The deck systems involved full-depth prefabricated concrete decks, special cast-in-place closure joint details, hybrid steel–concrete deck systems, and a multiple-level corrosion protection system. The substructure system consisted of stay-in-place precast concrete panels that serve as both formwork and structural elements for solid and hollow bridge piers.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Snirc, Lubos, Monika Nagyova, and Jan Ravinger. "Self-Supporting Form for the Production of Prestressed Concrete Prefabricates." Applied Mechanics and Materials 837 (June 2016): 113–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.837.113.

Full text

Abstract:

We are going to present in this article an actual problem in the production of prestressed concrete prefabricated elements. There is a problem of high transport costs in the case of bridges, that are made from prefabricates. In the production of T type or double T type cross section we can have a situation that the form could be more than 100 m long and prestressing force is self-fixed. Putting the polystyrene in the form we can produce 10 or more beams in one step. From a viewpoint of theoretical background this steel form represents a problem of stability and friction. A special steel assembled frame for the production of prestressed prefabricates could be arranged close to the bridge site. Horizontal deformations represent a special problem. Friction effect is introduced as the simplification of elastic support. Non-linear solution has been used.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Ou, Zhijing, Mingqin Xie, Shangshun Lin, and Wen Lin. "The Practice and Development of Prefabricated Bridges." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 392 (August 3, 2018): 062086. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/392/6/062086.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Chen, Fu Qiang, Wei Tian, and Li Sheng Qin. "Research on Hoisting Equipment of Pre-Fabricated Abutment and Pier in Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge." Applied Mechanics and Materials 256-259 (December 2012): 1609–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.256-259.1609.

Full text

Abstract:

The non-navigable arch bridges of Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge use embedded prefabricated pile foundation. According to the technology difficulties of pre-fabricated abutment and pier lifting construction under marine environment, A kind of suspension system with hoisting and positioning function is put forward and designed, of which the structure and working method were introduced in this paper.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Wu, Qi He, Zheng Zhong Qiu, and Zhao Niu. "Study on the Factory Prefabrication Technology of Large-Span Bridges Pier." Applied Mechanics and Materials 501-504 (January 2014): 1413–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.501-504.1413.

Full text

Abstract:

The sea-crossing bridge construction takes orders the design idea of maximization, the factorization, the standardization and the assembly, which pile caps and pier shafts of the non-navigable span are prefabricated at the focus of prefabricated. In the paper, the precast solutions are put forward to pile caps and pier shafts of the non-navigable span, and the key technical problems of all kinds of precast solutions are analyzed. On this basis, the optimal pier factory prefabrication is proposed by the comparison of various schemes, which is carried out about advantages and disadvantages of prefabricated matching accuracy control, factory prefabrication, concrete placing, transport in the precast yard, transport style and the impact on follow-up construction.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Jin, Jin, Ping Cao, and Jie Liu. "The Influence of Bridge Length on Failure Patterns of Specimens Containing Two Coplanar Cracks under Uniaxial Compression Load." Applied Mechanics and Materials 711 (December 2014): 410–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.711.410.

Full text

Abstract:

Unixial compression tests have been conducted to investigate the influence of bridge length between two collinear cracks on the specimen strength and fracture patterns. Based on the local connectivity rate of cracks, the evolution of the fracture patterns of the bridge is illustrated. It can be concluded that the sensitivity of the strength to the bridge length is reduced as the connectivity rate, L, is higher than 0.8. The fracture pattern composed of tensile and shear fracture will be induced in rock bridges when the bridges are short. Wing cracks develop well as the distance between prefabricated cracks increases, however, the fracture events caused by the conjunction of the secondary cracks are restrained.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Papastergiou, Dimitrios, and Jean-Paul Lebet. "New steel-concrete connection for prefabricated composite bridges." Stahlbau 80, no. 12 (December 2011): 894–903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/stab.201101493.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Castrischer, Ulrich. "Prefabricated Hybrid Frame Bridges for Metropolitan Traffic Routes." IABSE Symposium Report 88, no. 6 (January 1, 2004): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/222137804796291683.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Jin, Hui, Hanwan Jiang, Ruinian Jiang, Hanyu Zhan, and Yue Xu. "Strengthening Hollow Core Concrete Bridges with Deficient Transverse Hinge Joints with a Steel and Concrete Composite Anchorage System." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2674, no. 2 (January 30, 2020): 68–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198120901678.

Full text

Abstract:

Hollow core concrete bridges have been widely constructed in China during the last two decades. The most simple span bridges, with standard lengths of 13 m, 16 m and 20 m, are hollow core concrete bridges. For this type of bridge, the hollow core slabs are precast and simply lifted into place. After the prefabricated hollow core slabs are put in place, the embedded rebars extending from the prefabricated slabs are bound together and the concrete is poured into the space between the slabs, forming a lateral hinge joints between the slabs. A lot of hollow core concrete bridges built early in the 1990s have small hinge joints and very few rebars embedded to form strong lateral connections between the slabs. With an increase of overweight vehicles and the continuous aging of the structures, structural deficiencies such as intensive cracks running through the mid-span and severe deflection progress rapidly resulting in loss of structural capacity and even collapse. The failure of hollow core concrete bridges usually initiates from the failure of the hinge joints, which are the weakest links of the system. When the hinge joints start to lose their ability to hold the adjacent slabs securely, more and more vehicle loads are shifted onto the slabs with deficient hinge joints, which worsens the condition of the slabs and eventually results in systematic failure. To save the hollow core concrete bridges from failure, the authors propose an effective strengthening method to stop the progress of the deficiencies and improve the capacity of the structure.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Liu, Hanbing, Xirui Wang, Guojin Tan, Xin He, and Guobao Luo. "System Reliability Evaluation of Prefabricated RC Hollow Slab Bridges Considering Hinge Joint Damage Based on Modified AHP." Applied Sciences 9, no. 22 (November 12, 2019): 4841. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9224841.

Full text

Abstract:

The prefabricated reinforced concrete (RC) hollow slab bridges, with the advantages of high quality, lower cost and shorter construction period, have been widely used for small-to-medium-span highway bridges in China. Because of environmental deterioration and traffic volume increases, the performance of the bridge system deteriorates gradually. Accurate bridge system evaluation can provide a reliable basis for maintenance and management. A bridge system is composed of multiple interrelated components, which makes the system reliability evaluation become a computationally intractable work. In this paper, an effective method was proposed to evaluate the system reliability of the prefabricated RC hollow slab bridge considering hinge joint damage based on the modified analytic hierarchy process (AHP). Considering the subjectivity of the traditional AHP method in constructing the judgment matrix, this paper proposed an objective construction method of the judgment matrix to modify the traditional AHP. The modified hinge plate method (MHPM) proposed by the previous research was utilized to analyze the effect of hinge joint damage on system reliability. In order to verify the applicability of the proposed system reliability evaluation method, a simply supported RC hollow slab bridge was selected as the case study and the system reliability indexes were compared with the traditional series and parallel methods. The results indicated that the traditional methods were either too conservative or too radical to objectively evaluate the actual system reliability level of the structure. In contrast, the proposed method in this paper was more suitable for evaluating the system reliability of such bridges, and more accurate in providing maintenance decision makers with a relatively reasonable bridge condition information.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Lavický, Miloš, Jan Pěnčík, and Štěpán Karlík. "Design and Numerical Modelling of Prefabricated Roller Blind Lintels." Applied Mechanics and Materials 861 (December 2016): 56–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.861.56.

Full text

Abstract:

The prefabricated roller blind lintels have become common solution, particularly for the single-leaf masonry structures without external thermal insulation system. These lintels, representing simple system solution, are designed to interrupt thermal bridges in a place of above the window lintel and simultaneously to provide sufficient reliability of load transfer. The actual outdoor blinds contribute to increase the thermal stability in the room in summer and winter season. They prevent overheating of the room in the summer months and reduce heat transmission through a window in the winter. This paper is focused on the design and numerical modelling of the prefabricated roller blind carrier lintels solutions. Methods of elimination of the thermal bridge are demonstrated on the example of a real produced prefabricated lintel. At the same time this paper deals with its structural analysis. Analyses were carried out using the method of numerical modelling, using finite element method and computing software ANSYS.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Agarwal, Akhilesh Chandra. "Permit vehicle control in Ontario." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 15, no. 5 (October 1, 1988): 859–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l88-111.

Full text

Abstract:

Issuing special permits for transportation of large indivisible loads or heavy construction equipment in Ontario is based on the strength of the highway bridges and pavements. The volume of such permit applications has increased many fold over the last 10 years requiring significantly increased effort for their evaluation.The Ontario bridge formula provides a direct relationship between the bridge strength and the regulatory weight limits. Using this relationship, simplified guidelines have been developed to allow speedy evaluation of permit applications without requiring a detailed evaluation of the bridges and pavements enroute. The two-vehicle concept for transporting very long prefabricated components, developed through an in-depth analysis of bridge structures, is included in the guidelines. Over the number of years, the industry has taken full advantage of these guidelines in improving their equipment, making movement of large components a routine matter. This paper summarizes the technical background of these guidelines. Use of the guidelines is illustrated with examples. Key words: transportation, highway bridges, pavements, weight regulations, special permit, truck weights, heavy loads.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Cai, Hubo, Osama Abudayyeh, Ikhlas Abdel-Qader, Upul Attanayake, Joseph Barbera, and Eyad Almaita. "Bridge Deck Load Testing Using Sensors and Optical Survey Equipment." Advances in Civil Engineering 2012 (2012): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/493983.

Full text

Abstract:

Bridges are under various loads and environmental impacts that cause them to lose their structural integrity. A significant number of bridges in US are either structurally deficient or functionally obsolete, requiring immediate attention. Nondestructive load testing is an effective approach to measure the structural response of a bridge under various loading conditions and to determine its structural integrity. This paper presents a load-test study that evaluated the response of a prefabricated bridge with full-depth precast deck panels in Michigan. This load-test program integrates optical surveying systems, a sensor network embedded in bridge decks, and surface deflection analysis. Its major contribution lies in the exploration of an embedded sensor network that was installed initially for long-term bridge monitoring in bridge load testing. Among a number of lessons learned, it is concluded that embedded sensor network has a great potential of providing an efficient and accurate approach for obtaining real-time equivalent static stresses under varying loading scenarios.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Novelli, Claudio, Maurizio Pascadopoli, and Andrea Scribante. "Restorative Treatment of Amelogenesis Imperfecta with Prefabricated Composite Veneers." Case Reports in Dentistry 2021 (August 2, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/3192882.

Full text

Abstract:

This case report presents the use of prefabricated composite veneers for restorative treatment of amelogenesis imperfecta (AI). This technique bridges the gap between a conventional direct technique and a conventional indirect technique and introduces an alternative semidirect restorative technique for AI patients. The aim of this case report is to describe restoration of a young girl with severe AI using prefabricated composite veneers and to discuss the benefits and limitations of this technique compared to the alternative restorative techniques.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Zou, Lan Lin, and Xing Lin Zhou. "Study on Bearing Capacity Assessment of Prefabricated RC Slab Bridges." Advanced Materials Research 243-249 (May 2011): 1750–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.243-249.1750.

Full text

Abstract:

The concept of frequency coefficient is built up based on theory，the formula between frequency coefficient and strain coefficient is established, and it was revised by the regression relational expression on the base of statistics results of 173 samples. The rational range of frequency coefficient was built by regression equation based on the confirmed range of strain coefficient, the frequency coefficient is regarded as a parameter to evaluate the bearing capacity of bridge structure, and its validity and rationality was proved by real project. The results shows that the structure is secure and with some safety margin when the frequency coefficient is greater than 1.111, the structure is dangerous when the frequency coefficient is less than 1.079, and the bearing capacity needs to be evaluated further when the coefficient is between1.111 and 1.079.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

杨, 光. "Seismic Performance Analysis of Prefabricated Reinforced Concrete Continuous Beam Bridges." Hans Journal of Civil Engineering 08, no. 03 (2019): 546–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/hjce.2019.83064.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Yan, Junyuan, Lu Deng, and Xuhui He. "Optimal transverse position for overweight trucks to cross simply supported multi-girder bridges." Advances in Structural Engineering 21, no. 9 (October 27, 2017): 1251–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1369433217737116.

Full text

Abstract:

Recent years has witnessed a steady increase in the issued overweight vehicle permits. Damage and deterioration of bridges caused by overweight vehicles have received increasing attention. Most previous studies on overweight vehicles have focused on the routing and weight regulation of overweight trucks while little attention has been paid to the determination of the optimal transverse position for overweight trucks to cross highway bridges. This article aims to investigate the optimal transverse position for overweight trucks to cross the simply supported multi-girder bridges and provide suggestions for the management of overweight vehicles. Finite element analysis is performed for a group of prefabricated concrete bridges commonly used in China under the action of overweight trucks with varying transverse positions, and the optimal transverse position is determined based on the maximum bending stress of the girders. The effects of a few important factors, including the superstructure configuration, length of bridge spans, number of girders, type of girder connections, and support conditions, on the optimal transverse truck position are also investigated. The findings in this article highlight the importance of the transverse position of overweight trucks when crossing multi-girder bridges.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Bodnar, Larysa, Serhii Zavhorodnii, Serhii Stepanov, and Vitalii Yastrubinetskyi. "ANALYSIS OF DURABILITY OF REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES OF BRIDGES ACCORDING TO THEIR TYPICAL DESIGNS." Avtoshliakhovyk Ukrayiny 264, no. 4 (December 21, 2020): 58–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.33868/0365-8392-2020-4-264-58-63.

Full text

Abstract:

Thousands of bridges built in the 20th century are operated on Ukrainian roads. In the limited funding of the road industry of Ukraine, the age of highway bridges is constantly increasing, the number of defects in structures is growing. The largest number of defects is concentrated in the bridge spans. The main part of the bridge spans consists of prefabricated reinforced concrete beams, manufactured in factories of reinforced concrete structures according to standard designs developed in the middle of the last century. As a result of long-term operation of bridges, the shortcomings of these designs which reduce the service life of bridge spans and bridges in general are revealed. The systematic approach is required to study this process. The Analytical Expert Bridge Management System (AESUM) operates in the Ukravtodor system. This software complex accumulates all the information on the results of inspections (certification) of bridges on public roads. The special module AESUM – a database of standard designs of bridge spans which is constantly updated was developed to make decisions on repair works taking into account the features of structures on standard designs, to store this information in a single complex, in electronic form. Standard designs of reinforced concrete bridge spans built and operated on the roads of Ukraine are considered, and a comparative analysis of the features of these designs is performed taking into account the impact on the safety of bridge operation, their main features and shortcomings are given. The concept of rank of the standard design on durability is entered. A formula for estimating the durability of bridge span of a standard design using this concept is proposed. The analysis of durability of bridge span is performed. A number of problematic standard designs have been identified. Keywords: road bridge, standard designs, durability.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Carlin, G. P., and M. S. Mirza. "Replacement of reinforced concrete deck of Champlain Bridge, Montreal, by orthotropic steel deck." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 23, no. 6 (December 1, 1996): 1341–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l96-942.

Full text

Abstract:

The Champlain Bridge, Montreal, Quebec, has recently undergone replacement of its deteriorated reinforced concrete deck situated over the St. Lawrence Seaway with a new orthotropic steel deck. The new deck consists of 210 prefabricated steel panels which have been installed at the rate of one panel per night. The panels arrived on site with a base course of pavement to allow traffic flow over the new panels without disrupting the rush hour and daytime traffic. As a result of the new deck being 25% lighter in weight, the reserve strength capacity of the steel superstructure to accommodate live loads has increased sufficiently to bring the bridge within the governing live load requirements of the CAN/CSA Standard S6-1988 "Design of highway bridges." The governing design live loads on bridges have increased by about 50% since the original construction of the bridge over 30 years ago and reflect the larger vehicle weights permitted over Canadian roadways. Key words: alternative deck systems, cantilevered steel superstructure, closed rib stiffeners, counterweights, diaphragms, field erection, orthotropic plate deck, prefabrication, reinforced concrete, welding.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Park, Seongjun, Chandara Koem, and Changsu Shim. "Quantitative Definition of Seismic Performance Levels for Precast Bridge Piers with Continuous Reinforcement." Advances in Civil Engineering 2020 (September 7, 2020): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/4087532.

Full text

Abstract:

For construction sites within cities, which require fast construction because of restrictions in road occupation time, or for other occasions where construction period is an important factor because of similar reasons, application of a modular construction method using precast members is efficient in terms of shortening the construction period. The substructures of bridges are normally constructed using cast-in-place, which has been a major cause of delays in construction. Application of a modular construction method could decrease the occupation time in the sites. A prime example is the Accelerated Bridge Construction (ABC) by the Texas Department of Transportation (TDOT) and Federal Highway Administration (FHWA). Precast members are the key components of ABC. The main purpose of this paper is to provide clear seismic performance standards for precast bridge piers. Current seismic design codes require force-based design checks and provide qualitative evaluation of the overall structure. They do not provide specific qualitative criteria for individual structures with particular types. Previous research has been focused on reinforced-concrete bridge piers, while lacking on research towards prefabricated bridge piers with continuous reinforcements. In order to quantitatively evaluate the seismic performance level of prefabricated bridge piers, the seismic performance was quantitatively suggested in accordance with the classification of four which are operational, immediate occupancy, life safety, and collapse prevention. These criteria are cracking of cover concrete, crushing of cover concrete, yielding of axial steels, and fracture of axial steels. Based on the given seismic performance evaluation criteria, evaluation and verification were conducted on four prefabricated bridge piers with continuous reinforcement that have undergone quasistatic cyclic experiments. The moment-curvature analysis model was constructed for the parametric study and verified through experimental results. Based on the developed M-Phi model, prefabricated bridge piers with continuous reinforcement, which were designed force-based using response correction factor, were evaluated. In addition, parametric study was also conducted focusing on concrete strength, magnitude of prestress, and transverse reinforcement. Depending on the level of individual performance produced by ranges of these variables within possible runs on actual piers, the impact of 3 variables was analyzed. Furthermore, in response to changes in each variable, the impact on the relevant seismic performance level was verified through response spectrum analysis.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Troppová, E., J. Klepárník, and J. Tippner. "Thermal bridges in a prefabricated wooden house: comparison between evaluation methods." Wood Material Science & Engineering 11, no. 5 (February 19, 2016): 305–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17480272.2016.1138999.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Zalewski, Laurent, Stéphane Lassue, Daniel Rousse, and Kamel Boukhalfa. "Experimental and numerical characterization of thermal bridges in prefabricated building walls." Energy Conversion and Management 51, no. 12 (December 2010): 2869–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2010.06.026.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Novelli, Claudio, and Andrea Scribante. "Minimally Invasive Diastema Restoration with Prefabricated Sectional Veneers." Dentistry Journal 8, no. 2 (June 24, 2020): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/dj8020060.

Full text

Abstract:

This case report presents a new technique for sectional veneer fabrication and diastema restoration with a prefabricated composite veneer. For the purpose of diastema restoration, a prefabricated sectional veneer provides the same benefits of a traditional ceramic sectional veneer (highly esthetic restoration with no need for tooth preparation) but involves a less technically demanding and time-consuming clinical procedure and a less delicate restoration with a reduced risk of accidental breakage and post-bonding crack formation. The technique presented in this case report bridges the gap between a direct and indirect technique for diastema restoration and introduces a new treatment option to close anterior spacing with a highly esthetic sectional veneer in a predictable and timely manner.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Kvočák, Vincent, Viktória Kožlejová, and Katerina Chupayeva. "State of the Art in the Utilization of Deck Bridges with Encased Filler-Beams in the Standard Construction Practice." Selected Scientific Papers - Journal of Civil Engineering 8, no. 1 (June 1, 2013): 107–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sspjce-2013-0012.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Deck bridges with encased filler-beams have been used in construction for a long time. Nowadays they are employed mainly in the refurbishment of railways and in road construction. Regarding the method of construction, they can be divided into monolithic/cast-in-place (constructed fully in its final location) or prefabricated/precast structures (built at another location and then transported to their final location for placement in the full structure). Both methods of construction have certain advantages and disadvantages. Decision-making and selecting a better alternative depends on the building conditions and a means of transport (whether a road or railway) running on the bridge.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Gao, Yanmei, Chengjun Li, Xuefei Wang, Zhixiang Zhou, Liang Fan, and Junlin Heng. "Shear-slip behaviour of prefabricated composite shear stud connectors in composite bridges." Engineering Structures 240 (August 2021): 112148. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2021.112148.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Suqin, Han. "Exploring the causes and repair measures of early cracks in prefabricated bridges." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 825, no. 1 (July 1, 2021): 012032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/825/1/012032.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Purnomo Safaa, Yan, Jati Utomo Dwi Hatmoko, and Bambang Purwanggono. "Evaluation of the use of prefabricated bridge elements with Design for Manufacture and Assembly (DfMA) criteria." MATEC Web of Conferences 270 (2019): 05006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201927005006.

Full text

Abstract:

The increasing need for bridge infrastructure in Indonesia requires an efficient and lean construction process. The aim of this research to evaluate the use of precast concrete elements on bridges based on the Design for Manufacture and Assembly (DfMA) criteria. DfMA is a principle design that considers the process of manufacture and assembly components based on the following criteria, i.e., simplificity of design, number of components, standardization on elements or material and ease of handling. Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) is used to determine the weights for each criteria. Data were collected through observations on a bridge project, interviews with engineers and questionnaires. A typical girder and slab bridge is used as an object for DfMA-based evaluation. The results of evaluation design of prefabricated components to recommend some that are suitable for use in bridge construction. The last case study was taken to one of the bridge construction projects on the newly completed highway is done to identify the prefabricated components used. Bridge analysis and re-design are carried out with the DfMA concept, including costs incurred, resource scheduling and discussions of project risk. The results of analysis with simulation design giving efficiency 28,83% simplificity of design; 8,74% number of components and standardization on elements or materials; 25% ease of handling; 51,53% assembly time; 23,39% cost of work and 18,87% duration time. Finally, the level of risk of work received such as weather conditions and work safety is reduced. In closing, recommendations were given for further DfMA development.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Yoo, Hoon, Ju-Won Seo, Sung-Hyung Lee, and Yeong-Ho Park. "Experimental Study on Prefabricated Parallel Wire Strands for Main Cables in Suspension Bridges." IABSE Congress Report 18, no. 9 (September 19, 2012): 1389–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/222137912805111951.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Peng, Bo, Rongrong Peng, Huanghe Su, and Zhiwei Lu. "Structural Rationality Research on Integrated Prefabricated I-Shaped Steel-Concrete Composite Girder Bridges." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 455 (March 25, 2020): 012021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/455/1/012021.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Liang, Dong, Hui Cai Shen, and Zi Shuo Li. "Error Analysis of Lane Loading Effects on T-Girder Bridge." Applied Mechanics and Materials 487 (January 2014): 328–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.487.328.

Full text

Abstract:

The transverse distribution of lane loading is one of the most concern for the assembly prefabricated T-girder bridges. Longitudinal influence line and transverse distribution coefficient are used in the traditional calculation method of lane loading effects. But, many research results show this method brings a little big error because of the simplification. Along with the advance of computer technology in mathematics, it is not difficult to use the 3D FEM model to calculate the inner force that caused by vehicle load in girder bridge. In this paper, some comparatively accurate 3D FEM models are established to analyze the lane loading effects on the simply supported T-girder bridge. The results show that the moment and shear force of each girder are quite different between traditional method and 3D FEM model. The results indicate that the traditional method in current code is non-conservative.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

ILOMETS, Simo, Kalle KUUSK, Leena PAAP, Endrik ARUMÄGI, and Targo KALAMEES. "IMPACT OF LINEAR THERMAL BRIDGES ON THERMAL TRANSMITTANCE OF RENOVATED APARTMENT BUILDINGS." JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 23, no. 1 (June 13, 2016): 96–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13923730.2014.976259.

Full text

Abstract:

Renovation of old apartment buildings is a topic of current research interest throughout the Eastern Europe region where similar typology is derived from the period of 1960–1990. Thermal bridges, essential components of the transmission heat loss of a building, have to be properly evaluated in the energy audit during current state-of-the-art situation as well as in the comparison of renovation solutions. Resulting from field measurements and calculations, we propose linear thermal transmittances Ψ of thermal bridges for four types of apartment buildings: prefabricated concrete large panel element, brick, wood (log), and autoclaved aerated concrete. Our results show that thermal bridges contribute 23% of the total transmission heat loss of a building envelope before renovation. After renovation thermal bridges account for only 10% if windows are repositioned into additional external thermal insulation and balconies are rebuilt as best practice. Inversely, impact of the thermal bridges might be up to 34%, depending on the wall insulation thickness. We have also found that the relative percentage of thermal bridges after renovation increases and the negative impact of the thermal bridges of certain junctions cannot be compensated with thicker wall insulation. Results obtained in this paper are useful for energy audits.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Zhou, Yin, Daguang Han, Kaixin Hu, Guocheng Qin, Zhongfu Xiang, Chunli Ying, Lidu Zhao, and Xingyi Hu. "Accurate Virtual Trial Assembly Method of Prefabricated Steel Components Using Terrestrial Laser Scanning." Advances in Civil Engineering 2021 (June 15, 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9916859.

Full text

Abstract:

The comprehensive utilization of prefabricated components (PCs) is one of the features of industrial construction. Trial assembly is imperative for PCs used in high-rise buildings and large bridges. Virtual trial assembly (VTA) is a preassembly process for PCs in a virtual environment that can avoid the time-consuming and economic challenges in physical trial assembly. In this study, a general framework for VTA that is performed between a point cloud, a building information model (BIM), and the finite element method is proposed. In obtaining point clouds via terrestrial laser scanning, the registration accuracy of point clouds is the key to building an accurate digital model of PCs. Accordingly, an accurate registration method based on triangular pyramid markers is proposed. This method can enable the general registration accuracy of point clouds to reach the submillimeter scale. Two algorithms for curved members and bolt holes are developed for PCs with bolt assembly to reconstruct a precise BIM that can be used directly in finite element analysis. Furthermore, an efficient simulation method for accurately predicting the elastic deformation and initial stress caused by forced assembly is proposed and verified. The proposed VTA method is verified on a reduced-scale steel pipe arch bridge. Experimental results show that the geometric prediction deviation of VTA is less than 1/1800 of the experimental bridge span, and the mean stress predicted via VTA is 90% of the measured mean stress. In general, this research may help improve the industrialization level of building construction.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Smith, Zachery I., Edward R. Fyfe, and Sean P. Wisotzkey. "Blast Testing and Analysis of Composite Cable Shields." Applied Mechanics and Materials 82 (July 2011): 675–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.82.675.

Full text

Abstract:

Suspension and cable-stayed bridge cables are currently vulnerable to multiple scenarios that can jeopardize the integrity of the bridge. These can include accidental truck fires and more recently, terrorist attacks. The inherent nature of suspension and cable-stay bridges leaves little redundancy to their structural loads paths. For this reason they are more susceptible to terrorist attacks than possibly any other structure. This paper looks at a composite cable shield composed of various materials each tailored to protect against unique threats. Several test specimens were manufactured by Fyfe Co. LLC and proof tested by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Multiple threat scenarios were simulated by plastic explosives, extreme heat differentials, and various cutting mechanisms. The distinctive prefabricated connections provide for fast installation and a very robust design to prevent cable shield separation under extreme loads. Through the use of several advanced composite materials the cable shields provide a widespread umbrella of protection for potential threats.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

De la Varga, Igor, José F. Muñoz, Robert P. Spragg, Caleb A. Nickel, Lucas Bohn, Ariana Fay, and Benjamin A. Graybeal. "Nanosilica Coatings to Improve the Tensile Bond Strength of Cementitious Grouts." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2673, no. 10 (May 31, 2019): 586–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198119850150.

Full text

Abstract:

The use of prefabricated bridge elements (PBEs) is becoming more common as bridge owners strive to construct robust bridges with minimal impacts on the traveling public. Concrete PBEs offer advantages with regards to quality and construction safety; however, to perform adequately, the installed structural system must include strong, durable connections between the components. Typically, field-cast cementitious grouts are used to connect the PBE. This type of material has at times shown serviceability problems associated to dimensional instability, primarily in the form of shrinkage cracking. A direct consequence is the potential bond degradation between the grout connections and the concrete PBE. This study investigated the use of colloidal nanosilica suspensions as a surface preparation technique to increase the bond strength between the precast components and the field-cast grout. Experimental results, including pull-off bond data and a careful microstructural analysis, strongly suggest that nanosilica coatings interact at the concrete–grout interface to increase the bond strength. A simple initial cost analysis is also discussed.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Yi, Hanbin, Chuanxi Li, and Li Dai. "Experimental Study on the Shear Performance of Shallow Hinge Joints for Prefabricated Hollow Slab Bridges." Advances in Civil Engineering 2018 (August 27, 2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/3962942.

Full text

Abstract:

To investigate whether shallow hinge joint fracture was caused by shear stress or flexural stress, during the demolition and reconstruction of Xiaojiang River bridge, two original girders were collected and shipped to the lab, and the shallow hinge joint between the two girders was rebuilt. Tests were performed to investigate the cracking load, failure mode, and force transmission performance of the hollow slab girder and shallow hinge joint under vehicle load. The test result shows that under eccentric load, when the load increases to 365 kN, the midspan bottom slab of the testing girder starts to fracture; as the load increases to 560 kN, the roof slab of the testing girder starts to fracture; the hinge joint has a maximum horizontal opening of 0.153 mm and vertical relative displacement of 0.201 mm; during the entire test loading process, the shallow hinge joint structure does not develop fracture and shear failure; and the shallow hinge structure demonstrates excellent shear stress transmission performance. In addition, based on hinge slab theory, the hinge joint internal force under vehicle load was calculated. Based on ACI 318-05 specification, CAN/CSA-S6-00, and JTG D61-2005, the hinge joint shear bearing capacity was calculated. Hinge joint stress resistances calculated from the three specifications all exceed the internal force. Among them, the calculation results from ACI 318-05 and CAN/CSA-S6-00 are similar, while the result from JTG D61-2005 specification significantly exceeds the internal force, which is mainly because the designed concrete direct shear strength fvd in the Chinese specification does not consider factors such as bonding surface coarseness, concrete pouring sequence, and material properties. Theoretical calculations and tests show that the actual failure mode of the shallow hinge joint in prefabricated hollow slab girder bridges is not caused by shear stress.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Liu, Yabin. "Erecting Prefabricated Beam Bridges in a Mountain Area and the Technology of Launching Machines." Structural Engineering International 22, no. 3 (August 2012): 401–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/101686612x13363869853095.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Wen, Xuelei, Wei Lei, Danhui Dan, and Guoming Liu. "Study on a measurement index of transverse collaborative working performance of prefabricated girder bridges." Advances in Structural Engineering 20, no. 12 (April 5, 2017): 1879–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1369433217700422.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Fedotov, M. Yu, O. N. Budadin, S. O. Kozelskaya, I. G. Ovchinnikov, and I. S. Shelemba. "MONITORING BY FIBER OPTICAL SENSORS OF RELIABILITY OF OPERATION OF BUILDING STRUCTURES WITH EXTERNAL COMPOSITE REINFORCEMENT." Kontrol'. Diagnostika, no. 265 (July 2020): 54–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.14489/td.2020.07.pp.054-064.

Full text

Abstract:

This article describes of the actual state of building structures by the example of structures of reinforced concrete and metal bridges. It is shown that a high degree of wear of artificial structures leads to the need for a reliable assessment of their actual condition using modern methods and means of non-destructive testing and diagnostics, as well as strengthening exploited structures with polymer composite materials. The results of researches on fiber-optic monitoring and strengthening of bridge spans with composite materials based on domestic and foreign carbon reinforcing fillers and epoxy polymer matrices are presented. It has been experimentally shown that for reinforced concrete structures it is advisable to use composite strengthening systems using external reinforcement installed directly on the damaged object by contact molding. For metal structures, this approach is not applicable due to a significant difference in the coefficients of linear thermal expansion of composites and metals. In this case, an amplification system based on prefabricated composite truss systems made by autoclave and unautoclave molding can be applied. The obtained research results also indicate the advisability of joint use of monitoring systems and strengthening of damaged bridge structures by composites.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Fedotov, M. Yu, O. N. Budadin, S. O. Kozelskaya, I. G. Ovchinnikov, and I. S. Shelemba. "MONITORING BY FIBER OPTICAL SENSORS OF RELIABILITY OF OPERATION OF BUILDING STRUCTURES WITH EXTERNAL COMPOSITE REINFORCEMENT." Kontrol'. Diagnostika, no. 265 (July 2020): 54–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.14489/td.2020.07.pp.054-064.

Full text

Abstract:

This article describes of the actual state of building structures by the example of structures of reinforced concrete and metal bridges. It is shown that a high degree of wear of artificial structures leads to the need for a reliable assessment of their actual condition using modern methods and means of non-destructive testing and diagnostics, as well as strengthening exploited structures with polymer composite materials. The results of researches on fiber-optic monitoring and strengthening of bridge spans with composite materials based on domestic and foreign carbon reinforcing fillers and epoxy polymer matrices are presented. It has been experimentally shown that for reinforced concrete structures it is advisable to use composite strengthening systems using external reinforcement installed directly on the damaged object by contact molding. For metal structures, this approach is not applicable due to a significant difference in the coefficients of linear thermal expansion of composites and metals. In this case, an amplification system based on prefabricated composite truss systems made by autoclave and unautoclave molding can be applied. The obtained research results also indicate the advisability of joint use of monitoring systems and strengthening of damaged bridge structures by composites.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Leng, Yanling, Jinquan Zhang, Ruinian Jiang, Sonya Cooper, Haifang He, and Shoushan Cheng. "Experimental Research on Transverse Load Distribntion of Prefabricated Hollow Slab Concrete Bridges with Hinge Joint Cracks." IABSE Symposium Report 99, no. 7 (May 6, 2013): 1694–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/222137813806521405.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Hou, Wenqi, Yankun Li, Wei Guo, Junlong Li, Yehong Chen, and Xiaoxu Duan. "Railway vehicle induced vibration energy harvesting and saving of rail transit segmental prefabricated and assembling bridges." Journal of Cleaner Production 182 (May 2018): 946–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.02.019.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Fasching, Stephan, Tobias Huber, Michael Rath, and Johann Kollegger. "Semi‐precast segmental bridges: Development of a new construction method using thin‐walled prefabricated concrete elements." Structural Concrete 22, no. 3 (March 2021): 1561–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/suco.202000474.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Cardoso, C., and S. Jalali. "Thermal Performance Characterization of a Modular System for Facade." Key Engineering Materials 634 (December 2014): 62–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.634.62.

Full text

Abstract:

The developed system corresponds to multifunctional prefabricated modular elements that combine an insulation layer with a cast coating material for exterior that can imitate stone or concrete. These systems need auxiliary elements of fixing to connect them mechanically to the structural wall of the building, in order to ensure its stability, using anchorage, profiles, rails, among others. The use of these systems connected to the coating interrupts the continuity of thermal insulation, causing additional heat losses through linear and point thermal bridges, having an detrimental effect on thermal performance of the system. The development of fixing of present multifunctional panels was based on the evaluation and adoption of appropriate solutions in order to minimize thermal bridges and reinforce the stability of the panel. For evaluation purposes some models are evaluated, with different connecting systems, configurations and different materials such as aluminium, stainless steel, galvanized steel and Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) profiles. The quantification of thermal bridges, for evaluation of thermal performance, has been made using computing programs, HEAT2 and HEAT3. The evaluation of a system developed in this research work, i.e. incorporating profiles in thermal insulation, shows a good thermal resistance contributing significantly to the thermal insulation and energy conservation in building.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Wang, Jianjun, Jingyi Zhao, and Wenlei Li. "The Mathematical Modeling, Simulation, and Practice of a Multipoint Synchronous Lifting Control Case Study for Bridges." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2019 (November 29, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/5936434.

Full text

Abstract:

In the combined transportation of multiple girder transport vehicles, the lifting of multiple hydraulic cylinders must ensure a certain synchronization accuracy, otherwise the bridge structure will be damaged, and even serious construction accidents will occur. The synchronous lifting of a large prefabricated bridge is studied. According to the requirements of synchronous lifting of the bridge, the appropriate control strategy is selected and the hydraulic system of synchronous lifting device is designed. The mathematical model of the synchronous lifting hydraulic system is established, and the fuzzy PID controller is applied. The simulation of the fuzzy adaptive PID control system for the synchronous lifting device is carried out by using MATLAB simulation software, and the simulation results indicate that the rationality of the control system is verified. The experimental results show that the control of the system is convenient and the synchronization accuracy is high, which can provide a reference for the synchronous lifting control.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Chen, Jun, Wei Wang, Fa-Xing Ding, Ping Xiang, Yu-Jie Yu, Xue-Mei Liu, Fu Xu, Cai-Qian Yang, and Shi-Guo Long. "Behavior of an Advanced Bolted Shear Connector in Prefabricated Steel-Concrete Composite Beams." Materials 12, no. 18 (September 12, 2019): 2958. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12182958.

Full text

Abstract:

The high-strength bolt shear connector in prefabricated concrete slab has advantages in applications as it reduces time during the construction of steel-concrete composite building structures and bridges. In this research, an innovative and advanced bolt shear connector in steel-concrete composite structures is proposed. To investigate the fundamental mechanical behavior and the damage form, 22 static push-off tests were conducted with consideration of different bolt dimensions, the reserved hole constraint condition, and the dimension of slab holes. A finite element (FE) model was established and verified by using test results, and then the model was utilized to investigate the influence of concrete strength, bolt dimension, yield strength, bolt pretension, as well as length-to-diameter ratio of high strength bolts on the performances of shear connectors. On the basis of FE simulation and test results, new design formulas for the calculation of shear resistance behavior were proposed, and comparisons were made with current standards, including AISC, EN 1994-1-1, GB 50017-2017, and relevant references, to check the calculation efficiency. It is confirmed that the proposed equation is in better agreement with the experimental results.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Barbieri, Diego Maria, Yuechi Chen, Enrico Mazzarolo, Bruno Briseghella, and Angelo Marcello Tarantino. "Longitudinal Joint Performance of a Concrete Hollow Core Slab Bridge." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2672, no. 41 (June 17, 2018): 196–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198118781653.

Full text

Abstract:

Hollow core slab bridges are constructed by placing prefabricated or prestressed box beams adjacent to each other, grouting the small longitudinal space (hinge-joint) between the slabs and casting a reinforced concrete deck. The longitudinal cracking appearing at hinge-joint locations leads to a premature deterioration of the deck. This paper presents a theoretical and experimental study of a hollow core slab bridge composed of three beams and a cast-in-place deck. A real-size specimen was built according to Chinese code specifications. The behavior of the longitudinal joints was investigated by applying the standard vehicle load. The tests do not highlight any longitudinal cracks. A finite element model was created from the experimental data. A finite element parametric analysis revealed some practical design indications regarding the following inputs: deck thickness, concrete strength, and hinge-joint steel bars. Furthermore, these analyses testify that C-shape and X-shape stirrups do not play an active role in preventing the joint longitudinal cracks. This research confirms the reliability of the design method, at least for static loads, while further studies are needed to investigate the effect of both periodical loadings and different temperatures on upper and lower surfaces of the beams.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Fasching, Stephan Johann, Tobias Huber, Michael Rath, and Johann Kollegger. "Semi-Precast Segmental Bridge Construction Method: Experimental Investigation on the Shear Transfer in Longitudinal and Transverse Direction." Applied Sciences 11, no. 12 (June 14, 2021): 5502. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11125502.

Full text

Abstract:

Large span concrete bridges with a box-shaped girder are usually built from prefabricated concrete segments or by in-situ casting of the concrete on a scaffolding system. Both technologies have their advantages and drawbacks. Recently a new approach to the construction of such bridges which combines the advantages of both existing solutions was proposed at the TU Wien. This method uses the standard precast segmental erection methods with their high construction speed, but divides the segments into easily transportable pre-fabricated thin-walled elements to create new, lighter versions of the segments. Following the installation of these lightweight segments, they are strengthened with additional concrete in their final position in the superstructure. This paper focuses on the transmission of shear forces during construction stages. Firstly, on the level of individual segments, where rigid cross-frames are necessary to guarantee the stability of the segments and secondly, on the level of a bridge girder built from such segments, where new joint types must be developed to ensure the force transfer between the segments. Different options for the formation of cross-frames as well as shear tests on double walls and concrete panels with steel girders are shown. In this experimental series, different shear transmitting elements were compared to each other and to calculations with non-linear finite element analysis, showing that all the investigated solutions are suitable for use in thin-walled bridge segments. Several methods, including a new concept for joining thin-walled pre-fabricated elements, are described for the joints between the segments. Push-off tests with a constant lateral force were carried out to assess the shear strength and deformation behaviour. The main parameters were the joint type (wet joints: plain, grooved, keyed; dry joints), the grout type, and the lateral force level. The test results are presented and the structural behaviour is further analysed using non-linear finite-element simulations.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Journal articles on the topic 'Bridges, Prefabricated'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles