To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Briquettes. eng.
Journal articles on the topic 'Briquettes. eng'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 32 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Briquettes. eng.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Kers, J., P. Kulu, A. Aruniit, V. Laurmaa, P. Križan, L. Šooš, and Ü. Kask. "Determination of physical, mechanical and burning characteristics of polymeric waste material briquettes." Estonian Journal of Engineering 16, no. 4 (2010): 307. http://dx.doi.org/10.3176/eng.2010.4.06.
Full text
2
Francik, Sławomir, Adrian Knapczyk, Artur Knapczyk, and Renata Francik. "Decision Support System for the Production of Miscanthus and Willow Briquettes." Energies 13, no. 6 (March 15, 2020): 1364. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13061364.
Full textAbstract:
The biomass is regarded as a part of renewable energy sources (RES), which can satisfy energy demands. Biomass obtained from plantations is characterized by low bulk density, which increases transport and storage costs. Briquetting is a technology that relies on pressing biomass with the aim of obtaining a denser product (briquettes). In the production of solid biofuels, the technological as well as material variables significantly influence the densification process, and as a result influence the end quality of briquette. This process progresses differently for different materials. Therefore, the optimal selection of process’ parameters is very difficult. It is necessary to use a decision support tool—decision support system (DSS). The purpose of the work was to develop a decision support system that would indicate the optimal parameters for conducting the process of producing Miscanthus and willow briquettes (pre-comminution, milling and briquetting), briquette parameters (durability and specific density) and total energy consumption based on process simulation. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) were used to describe the relationship between individual parameters of the briquette production process. DSS has the form of a web application and is opened from a web browser (it is possible to open it on various types of devices). The modular design allows the modification and expansion the application in the future.
3
Brožek, M., A. Nováková, and M. Kolářová. "Quality evaluation of briquettes made from wood waste." Research in Agricultural Engineering 58, No. 1 (March 15, 2012): 30–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/33/2011-rae.
Full textAbstract:
At logging and at the subsequent wood and wood semi-products treatment the fine grained loose waste arises, e.g. wood dust, saw dust, shavings, chips, bark etc. One of possibilities of its meaningful utilization is the briquetting technology, products of which are briquettes determined for energetic utilization (combustion). In the paper the experimental results are published. The briquettes quality evaluation was their aim. For the briquetting tests bark (pine), shavings (about 90% spruce + 10% pine), sawdust (spruce), birch chips and poplar chips were used. The basic physical-mechanical properties were the evaluation criteria. Following properties were determined: gross calorific value, total moisture content, density, rupture force, length, diameter, density and mechanical durability.
4
Furusawa, Atsushi, and Hiroyuki Ito. "F221 Influence of Briquette Shape on End Face Combustion Behavior of Biomass Briquette." Proceedings of the Thermal Engineering Conference 2015 (2015): _F221–1_—_F221–2_. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeted.2015._f221-1_.
Full text
5
Brožek, Milan. "The Effect of Moisture of the Raw Material on the Properties Briquettes for Energy Use." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 64, no. 5 (2016): 1453–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201664051453.
Full textAbstract:
At logging and at the subsequent wood and wood semi-products treatment the fine grained loose waste is arising, e.g. wood dust, saw dust, shavings, chips, bark etc. One of possibilities of its meaningful utilization is the briquetting technology, which product are briquettes determined for energetic utilization (combustion). This report contains the results of tests carried out with the aim to assess the influence of moisture on the briquettes final properties. For the tests the platan tree chips of four moisture levels, namely 5.7 %, 7.7 %, 15.7 % and 23.9 % were used. The basic physical-mechanical properties were the evaluation criteria. Following properties were determined: ash amount, gross calorific value, total moisture content, density, rupture force, length, diameter, weight and mechanical durability. From the results of carried out tests it follows that the best properties were reached at briquettes made from chips of moisture 7.7 %. At higher or lower moisture the briquettes properties were sharply failing (namely rupture force and density).
6
Zhao, Hongbao, Tao Wang, Huan Zhang, and Ziqiang Wei. "Comparison of Local Load Influence on Crack Evolution of Coal and Briquette Coal Samples." Advances in Civil Engineering 2018 (September 4, 2018): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/1790785.
Full textAbstract:
Taking raw coal and briquette coal samples with preset center holes as research objects, this paper makes a systematic analysis and research of crack evolution laws of the two different coal samples under the local load. The results show that the raw coal and briquette coal samples are different mainly in number, dimension, and complexity of the internal microstructures, so it is not right to replace raw coal with briquette coal when performing observational study of the crack evolution of microstructures; under the effect of local load, local property, randomness of crack initiation position, and crack initiation stress of raw coal samples are greater than those of briquette coal samples; law of instantaneous maximum effective cut-through rate of raw coal samples is more complex than that of briquette coals; under the effect of uniformly distributed load, end effect factor Fe, sample microstructure influencing factor Fs, and preset center hole factor Fh are the major factors influencing crack growth, among which the amplified end effect factor Fe and sample microstructure influencing factor Fs are dominant factors; under the effect of local load, local load influencing factor Fp, end effect factor Fe, sample microstructure influencing factor Fs, and preset center hole factor Fs are the major factors influencing crack growth, among which the local load influencing factor Fp, end effect factor Fe, and sample microstructure influencing factor Fs are dominant factors. Compared with briquette coal samples, raw coal samples are more sensitive to influencing factors, such as local load influencing factor Fp, end effect factor Fe, sample microstructure influencing factor Fs, and preset center hole factor Fh, and can aggravate the influence of these factors on the crack growth; the paper also puts forward a method for describing local load based on a coupling mechanical model of uniaxial compression and local shear.
7
Faisal, R. M., Alvin Ardian, Via Khoiriyah, and Achmad Chafidz. "Production of Briquettes from a Blend of HDPE (High Density Polyethylene) Plastic Wastes and Teak (Tectona grandis Linn. f) Sawdust Using Different Natural Adhesives as the Binder." Key Engineering Materials 882 (April 2021): 273–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.882.273.
Full textAbstract:
HDPE (High Density Polyethylene) is one type of plastics that has been used in many various applications. We frequently used it in our daily life, such as plastic bag, dairy products packaging, etc., which often end up being waste, which is non-biodegradable. This plastic waste has good potential to be used in production of briquettes because it has a high heating value. Teak sawdust is also considered waste and usually not properly utilized. Nevertheless, it has a high heating value and sufficiently low level of volatile matter. Therefore, mixing HDPE plastic waste with biomass charcoal such as teak sawdust to make briquettes as an alternative domestic fuel is an interesting idea. The objective of this research was to make briquettes by mixing HDPE plastic waste and teak sawdust. The effects of two different natural adhesives (i.e. rice flour and corn flour) and the ratio of plastic waste and teak sawdust were investigated. The results of the experiment show that the best ratio of plastic waste and teak sawdust that produce the best quality of briquettes in this study was 50% : 50% and by using rice flour adhesive. The following are the results for this sample, the duration of fire starts to ignite was about 2.3 minutes; the duration of fire boils 125 mL of water was 12.8 minutes; and the duration of the briquettes burn to ashes was about 62 minutes.
8
Hamzah, Baharuddin, and Sitti Rahmawati. "PKM Pelatihan Dan Workshop Pembuatan Briket Arang Dan Asap Cair Pada Perkebunan Kakao Di Desa Budi Mukti Kecamatan Damsol." JATI EMAS (Jurnal Aplikasi Teknik dan Pengabdian Masyarakat) 2, no. 2 (October 25, 2018): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.36339/je.v2i2.150.
Full textAbstract:
This Community Partnership Program involved partners of farmer group in Budimukti Village, Damsol District,Donggala Regency, namely Panca Jaya and Subur Jaya farmer groups. Problems faced by both partners were: a) Cocoa shellsaround the cocoa plantations were increasingly piling up and left without handling because there was no technology toprocess the waste to have economic value to improve community’s standard of living. b) The surrounding community did notknow that cocoa shells can be processed to be charcoal briquettes as an alternative fuel to replace kerosene and to be liquidsmoke as a natural insecticide and preservative. c) They did not have skills in making charcoal briquettes and liquid smokefrom cocoa waste as raw material. The program aimed at improving farmers' knowledge and skills in designing technology tomake charcoal briquettes from cocoa shell waste and techniques in making liquid smoke from cocoa shell waste and theirrespective uses. The methods used were counseling and training as well as the practice of designing technology to makecharcoal briquettes and assembling technology for making liquid smoke from cocoa shell waste. Assistance to members ofpartnership groups was carried out with Participatory Methods. Extension activities were carried out in an effort to improvetheir knowledge, while training and demonstration plots were carried out in an effort to accelerate the process of technologytransfer to the community. The end results of this program were the increase in farmers’ knowledge and the availability oftechnology packages for making charcoal briquettes and making liquid smoke from cocoa shell waste, so that the targetgroups can be independent in carrying out business activities using cocoa shell waste using the technology that had beenpracticed, on an ongoing basis
9
Aliev, Ayub Yu, Karine A. Karpushchenko, and Abdulgamid A. Aliev. "Influence of the Amyrasol R-Z mineral lick briquette on biochemical parameters of blood in dairy cowsInfluence of the Amyrasol R-Z mineral lick briquette on biochemical parameters of blood in dairy cow." Veterinaria Kubani, no. 6 (December 16, 2020): 13–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.33861/2071-8020-2020-6-13-14.
Full textAbstract:
The data obtained as a result of the use of a mineral lick briquette Amirasol R-Z in the diets of dairy cows are analyzed in the article. Authors studied the influence of the mineral lick briquette Amirasol R-Z on the biochemical parameters and milk productivity of dairy cows. The experiments were carried out on dairy cows of the red steppe breed in the conditions of the plain zone of the Republic of Dagestan. Two groups of dairy cows were formed (10 heads in each). According to the scheme of the experiment, the control group received a basic diet, the experimental group received the basic diet and the mineral lick briquette Amirasol R-Z. Each cow of the experimental group was given individually one lick briquette in a dose of 4 kg during 90 days. Researches and data processing were carried out according to generally accepted methods. Blood was taken from the experimental animals from the jugular vein for laboratory studies at the end of the experiment. The milk productivity and fat content of milk were taken into account by carrying out monthly control milk yields. At the same time, the positive effect of a lick briquette on the biochemical parameters of blood has been proven: reserve alkalinity, glucose, macro- and microelements, the activity of the copper-containing enzyme ceruloplasmin and milk productivity. A significant increase in the blood of glucose concentration by 12.93% in the cows of the experimental group, the level of reserve alkalinity by 17.66%, the concentration of macroelements and microelements, milk productivity by 5.7%, milk fat by 2.77% compared with the control group. The use of the mineral lick briquette Amirasol R-Z in the diets of dairy cows helps to prevent macro- and microelementoses, increase milk productivity, milk fat content, nonspecific immunity and obtain of healthy calves.
10
Kraszkiewicz, Artur, Artur Przywara, and Alexandros Sotirios Anifantis. "Impact of Ignition Technique on Pollutants Emission during the Combustion of Selected Solid Biofuels." Energies 13, no. 10 (May 25, 2020): 2664. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13102664.
Full textAbstract:
Nowadays, heating using wood, briquettes, or pellets is a curious replacement to fossil fuels such as coal, oil, or gas. Unfortunately, the combustion of biofuels, especially in low-power boilers with unstable operating conditions, releases a lot of gas pollutants (e.g., carbon monoxide (CO), nitric oxide (NO), and various organic compounds) that are usually generated due to the incomplete product combustion. The combustion of biofuel in grate boilers with top-down ignition is a new approach, popular in society (mainly used for coal fuels), which improves the combustion process and reduces the amount of pollutants emitted. This study evaluated the impact of ignition techniques on the emission level of gas pollutants during the combustion of wood logs, briquettes, and pellets of pine in grate-based charging boilers. The combination of top ignition mode with pinewood logs allowed us to achieve a reduction of 6% in CO and sulfur dioxide (SO2) emission into the atmosphere. However, the combination of top-down ignition mode with pellets and briquettes produced, in fully operational conditions, 1- to 18-fold higher levels of CO and SO2 respectively, than bottom-up ignition, after an initial period of low level CO and SO2 emissions. During the tests (mainly with ignition from top), substantial emissions of NO were observed of up to 400 mg·m−3 at 10% O2. Therefore, further research is required to decrease emission related to the content of nitrogen in biomass. In this respect, research of impact on the combustion temperature of such emissions is needed.
11
Kijo-Kleczkowska, Agnieszka. "Combustion of Coal-Mule Briquettes / Spalanie Brykietów Z Mułu Węglowego." Archives of Mining Sciences 58, no. 3 (September 1, 2013): 617–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/amsc-2013-0043.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Combustion technologies coal-mule fuels create a number of new possibilities for organising combustion processes so that they fulfil contemporary requirements (e.g., in terms of the environment protection- related issues). The paper describes the problems of coal-mule fuel combustion that have acquired a wider significance as the quality requirements of coal combustion in power plants have been growing. Coal mines that want to fulfill expectations of power industry workers have been forced to develop and modernize plants of coal wet cleaning. It all results in the growing amount of waste arising in the process of coal wet cleaning which contains smaller and smaller coal undersizes. In this situation the concept of direct combustion of the above mentioned waste and their co-combustion with other fuels, coal and biomass, seems to be attractive. Biomass is one from the most promising sources of renewable energy. The main aim of the paper is to identify the mechanism and kinetics of combustion of coal-mule fuels and their co- -combustion with coal and biomass in the briquettes form based on extensive experimental research in air.
12
Sundqvist Ökvist, Lena, and Maria Lundgren. "Experiences of Bio-Coal Applications in the Blast Furnace Process—Opportunities and Limitations." Minerals 11, no. 8 (August 10, 2021): 863. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11080863.
Full textAbstract:
Metal production, and especially iron ore-based steel production, is characterized by high fossil CO2 emissions due of the use of coal and coke in the blast furnace. Steel companies around the world are striving to reduce the CO2 emissions in different ways, e.g., by use of hydrogen in the blast furnace or by production of iron via direct reduction. To partially replace fossil coal and coke with climate neutral bio-coal products that are adapted for use in the metal industry, e.g., at the blast furnace, is a real and important opportunity to significantly lower the climate impact in a short-term perspective. Top-charging of bio-coal directly to the blast furnace is difficult due to its low strength but can be facilitated if bio-coal is added as an ingredient in coke or to the mix when producing residue briquettes. Bio-coal can also be injected into the lower part of the blast furnace and thereby replace a substantial part of the injected pulverized coal. Based on research work within Swerim, where the authors have been involved, this paper will describe the opportunities and limitations of using bio-coal as a replacement for fossil coal as part of coke, as a constituent in residue briquettes, or as replacement of part of the injected pulverized coal. Results from several projects studying these opportunities via technical scale, as well as pilot and industrial scale experiments and modelling will be presented.
13
Khalifa, A. A., V. Yu Bazhin, M. E. М. К. Shalabi, A. Abdelmoneim, and M. Omran. "Improving the efficiency of the carbothermal reduction of red mud by microwave treatment." Proceedings of Irkutsk State Technical University 25, no. 2 (May 2, 2021): 264–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.21285/1814-3520-2021-2-264-279.
Full textAbstract:
In this work, we studied the effect of microwave treatment of red mud briquettes containting more than 48% of Fe on the process of iron reduction under various conditions of heat treatment. Research samples were collected from red mud formed during the production of alumina from bauxite at the Ural Aluminum Smelter. The chemical composition of mud samples was examined by X-ray fluorescence analysis. The composition of initial mud and that of agglomerates obtained after treatment in microwave and muffle furnaces was studied using the X-ray diffraction method. Phase transitions and structural changes occurring under the effect of heating were studied by scanning electron microscopy. The experimental briquettes comprising red mud and charcoal were treated at 850°C and 1000°C in a microwave furnace (under the frequency of 2.45 GHz and the power of 900 W). For reference, briquettes of analogous composition were heat-treated in a muffle furnace under the same conditions. It was found that, under the conditions of microwave heating to 1000°C for 10 min, hematite is completely reduced to metallic iron after the addition of wustite. An analysis of the m i-crostructure of the samples after microwave treatment showed that the particles of metallic iron in the as-obtained pellet-agglomerates have a larger size than in those after conventional thermal heating in a muffle furnace. The metallized phases of reduced iron at the end of heat treatment in a microwave furnace create a stable durable body of agglomerates. The evidence-based parameters of the process can become a basis for designing a technology for recycling such an industrial material as red mud. The obtained high-strength pellets from red mud with a high content of reduced iron (up to 85%) may be used as an alternative charge material for ferrous metallurgy. The proposed technology for recycling red mud into pellet-agglomerates can be applied in various industries to reduce environmental impact on the production areas of alumina plants.
14
Correa-Méndez, Fermín, Artemio Carrillo-Parra, José G. Rutiaga-Quiñones, Francisco Márquez-Montesino, Humberto González-Rodríguez, Enrique Jurado-Ybarra, and Fortunato Garza-Ocañas. "MOISTURE AND INORGANIC SUBSTANCE CONTENT IN PINE TIMBER PRODUCTS FOR USE IN PELLETS AND BRIQUETTES." Revista Chapingo Serie Ciencias Forestales y del Ambiente XX, no. 1 (April 2014): 77–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5154/r.rchscfa.2013.04.012.
Full text
15
Rahutomo, Suroso, and Eko Noviandi Ginting. "LEACHING LEVEL OF N, P, K, AND SEVERAL TYPES OF FERTILIZER." Jurnal Penelitian Kelapa Sawit 26, no. 1 (April 1, 2018): 37–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.22302/iopri.jur.jpks.v26i1.35.
Full textAbstract:
A study to compare amount of N, P, K, and Mg leached from fertilizers had been conducted. Leaching was measured using percolator tubes for six months. Subsoil of Inceptisol collected from an oil palm plantation in North Sumatra was used to fill the tube. Treatments were application of briquette compound fertilizer, granular compound fertilizer, and single fertilizer; all types of fertilizers contained equal amount of N, P, K, and Mg. The results showed that higher amount of leached N, P, and K were found under application of single fertilizers (urea, Triple Super Phosphate/TSP, and Muriate of Potash/MoP) than under briquette and granular compound fertilizer which had slow release characters. Furthermore, amount of leached P was much smaller than leached N, K, and Mg. Residual P from fertilizers after six months was about 99.9%. On the other hand, an intensive leaching of Mg occurred in this study so residual Mg in the end of study was only 25-35%. For N and K, the residual nutrients from fertilizers after six months were about 92-95%.
16
Sobrinho, Vicente de Paulo Ferreira Marques, José Roberto de Oliveira, Victor Bridi Telles, Felipe Fardin Grillo, Jorge Alberto Soares Tenório, and Denise Crocce Romano Espinosa. "Recycling of Electric Arc Furnace Dust by Adding to Hot Metal." Materials Science Forum 727-728 (August 2012): 1740–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.727-728.1740.
Full textAbstract:
This research aims to study the process of incorporation of the metal iron contained in electric arc furnace dust (EAFD), by addition in hot metal at a temperature of 1,400 degrees Celsius altering experimental conditions such as how to add the EAFD (“as received” and in the form of briquettes), the percentage of EAFD to be added (10, 20 and 30% of initial weight of sample pig iron). The time of withdrawal of the sample of pig iron and slag (30 minutes after the addition of EAFD). Previously, the EAFD will be characterized using the following techniques: chemical analysis, particle size analysis, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) microanalysis. After characterization, the electric arc furnace dust to be added to the bath of liquid iron, will be divided into 2 types: the first order of addition will be in the form "as received" from the plant and the second is through the agglomeration of EAFD in the form of briquettes. The achievement of fusion experiments in laboratory scale will take place in a vertical tubular furnace with temperature control. The fusion experiments to assess the incorporation of the metal iron will use graphite crucibles. A flow of inert gas (argon) will be maintained inside the furnace during the experiments. It is expected that the results obtained at the end of the research allow the evaluation of the iron metal incorporation of electric arc furnace dust in pig iron bath.
17
ITO, Hiroyuki, Nobuteru IDE, and Wataru SHIRAI. "Influence of Secondary Air on the End Face Combustion Behavior of Highly Densified Cylindrical Biomass Briquette." Proceedings of the Symposium on Environmental Engineering 2017.27 (2017): 209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeenv.2017.27.209.
Full text
18
Dao, Luu Van, Cao Thanh Ta, Cuong Manh Chu, and Hien Van Dinh. "Effects of process parameters on density and strength of cold briquetted sponge iron." Science and Technology Development Journal 20, K6 (October 31, 2017): 22–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v20ik6.1167.
Full textAbstract:
Sponge iron has been widely used for melting high-quality steels. However, there are several disadvantages of using sponge iron to melt steels, e.g boiling and furnace’s wall wearing strongly... which leads to a reduction in life duration of furnace due to its porous structure and low density. The solutions for overcoming these disadvantages are rising the density and reducing the purity of sponge iron by compacting particles of sponge iron to briquets in a high pressure and using a suitable binder. In this paper, the effects of pressing pressure, particle size, a fraction of binder and baking temperature on the density and strength of the sponge iron briquet using hydraulic machine were investigated. The process parameters range to obtain the sponge iron briquet with the density over 3.5 g/cm3 were found, and the optimal processing parameter range for maximizing the compacting strength of the sponge iron briquet was determined.
19
Halász, Amade, József Dezső, and Viktoria Poor. "Environmental Assessment of an Abandoned Briquette Factory – A Case Study at Nagymányok Area, Former Industrial Zone." Quaestiones Geographicae 35, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 69–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/quageo-2016-0007.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The study is focused on environmental assessments of impacts by former briquette factory at the Nagymányok area in South Hungary. The (former) industrial zone is located in a northern valley of the Eastern Mecsek Mountains. Until the 1990s this company was the largest briquette factory in Hungary and the demolition works are still incomplete. former investigations were based on only five samples. our sampling sites were selected on the basis of the source of the contaminations and then we covered the whole area in equal distribution. We used the A1-F6 codes for the sample places. We have started from southwest to northeast. The samples were analyzed for Total Petrol Hydrocarbons (TPHs), Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) and for heavy metals. The area was heavily contaminated by TPHs and moderately heavy metals (such as Cu, Cr, Zn and Pb). Highest contaminant concentrations were found around the former industrial buildings, especially between the boiler-house and the coal-pillbox. In the industrial area the mean of the detected values is below the upper limit of the legal exposure values, but among the former industrial buildings higher (e.g. toxic level) concentration values were detected in multiple samples. Based on our investigation the pollutant can be transported by wind or by water on the surface (stream bed) or underground. The hazardous material can easily reach some part of the city, therefore reclamation is necesarry.
20
Bedolla, E., E. A. Aguilar, and C. A. León. "Efecto de la temperatura, basicidad, ciclo térmico y potencial oxidante en la formación de fases minerales en briquetas de mineral de hierro." Revista de Metalurgia 33, no. 3 (June 30, 1997): 161–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/revmetalm.1997.v33.i3.859.
Full text
21
Braverman, V. Ya. "ON THE REPLACEMENT OF FOSSIL COAL IN LOCAL SOLID FUEL BOILERS." Energy Technologies & Resource Saving, no. 1 (March 20, 2019): 7–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.33070/etars.1.2019.01.
Full textAbstract:
The paper substantiates the need to replace fossil coal in local solid fuel boilers by biocoal produced from various types of agricultural waste. Selection of the best available technology for biocoal production should be based on an integrated assessment including economic, environmental and social aspects. It is noted that direct combustion of agricultural waste does not meet environmental safety standards and also requires significant costs for modernization of existing boiler equipment. It is proposed to produce biocoal from agricultural waste using modern methods of thermochemical treatment — torrefaction and carbonization. End-products of biomass torrefaction — biocoal pellets or briquettes — have high calorific value, low sulfur and heavy metal contents, and low nitrogen oxide emissions. Hydrothermal carbonization is currently the most advanced biomass processing technology. It completely prevents pollution and has a number of significant advantages over other methods of biomass treatment. These advantages make it possible to consider hydrothermal carbonization to be the best available technology for the production of biochar, liquid biofuel and other products from non-food biomass. Bibl. 15, Fig. 2, Tab. 1.
22
Koskela, Aki, Anne Heikkilä, Davide Bergna, Justin Salminen, and Timo Fabritius. "Effects of Briquetting and High Pyrolysis Temperature on Hydrolysis Lignin Char Properties and Reactivity in CO-CO2-N2 Conditions." Minerals 11, no. 2 (February 11, 2021): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11020187.
Full textAbstract:
Carbonaceous reductants for pyrometallurgical applications are usually obtained from fossil-based sources. The most important properties of the reductants greatly depend on the application and the feeding of the reductant into the process. However, the mechanical strength, calorific value, fixed carbon content, and reactivity of the reductant are the properties that usually define the applicability of the reductant for different processes. The reactivity of the biochars is usually high in comparison to metallurgical coke, which may restrict the applicability of the biochar in reduction processes. One cause of the higher reactivity is the higher surface area of the biochars, which can be suppressed with agglomeration treatment, e.g., briquetting. In this work, hydrolysis lignin was used for slow pyrolysis experiments to produce biochars. The biochars were pyrolyzed in briquetted form and in as-received form at various temperatures. The reactivity values of the biochars were tested in dynamic reactivity tests in a CO-CO2-N2 gas atmosphere at temperatures of up to 1350 °C. It was found that the yield of the hydrolysis lignin char only decreased by 3.36 wt% when the pyrolysis temperature was elevated from 600 to 1200 °C, while a decrease in yield of 4.88 wt% occurred when the pyrolysis temperature was elevated from 450 to 600 °C. The mass loss of hydrolysis lignin biochar in the reactivity experiment in CO-CO2-N2 atmosphere was significantly decreased from 79.41 wt% to 56.80 wt% when the hydrolysis lignin was briquetted before the slow pyrolysis process and the temperature of the pyrolysis process was elevated from 600 to 1200 °C. This means that the mass loss of the material was suppressed by 22.61 wt% due to the higher pyrolysis temperature and briquetting process.
23
Núñez-Moreno, Alejandro, Giacomo Barbieri, and Gerardo Gordillo. "Analysis of the Feasibility of Generating Solid Biofuel from Ulex Europaeus Plants." Revista Facultad de Ingeniería 29, no. 54 (December 14, 2019): e10454. http://dx.doi.org/10.19053/01211129.v29.n54.2020.10454.
Full textAbstract:
The Ulex europaeus (also known as Common Gorse) represents a threat to the native ecosystems of different Colombian regions. Recently, the Ministry of the Environment and Sustainable Development introduced protocols for its prevention and management. Even though the Ulex europaeus has a high calorific value, a wide-spread solution for its post-processing is not yet available in its affected areas. In Colombia, the most common method for the disposal of the harvested plant is incineration, given that this is the suggested method by Resolution 684 of 2018. Due to the importance of the problem, this investigation is focused on studying the viability of creating solid biofuel alternatives derived from the plant. Grinded material and briquettes were produced with different log/foliage ratios in order to investigate both the domestic and industrial applications of the plant; e.g. heating, cooking and cogeneration, respectively. A proximate and ultimate analysis was performed on the produced samples. The generated solid biofuel presents 75% of the carbon heat value, a high volatile material content (83.3%), and low ash and Sulphur residues (1.41% and 0.15% respectively). These results applied to both dry and humid samples, demonstrated that the produced solid biofuel is adequate for applications oriented towards heat generation. However, further analysis and process optimization is required in order to establish the generation of solid biofuel as an appropriate use of the Ulex europaeus remnants. By further analyzing the overall process; from plant removal, through residue disposal, and finally remnant conversion, the investigations value chain can be better established and possibly established for real world implementation.
24
He, Kun, Jian Sun, Xin Wang, Bin Zhang, Yue Zhang, Renjian Zhang, and Zhenxing Shen. "Saccharides Emissions from Biomass and Coal Burning in Northwest China and Their Application in Source Contribution Estimation." Atmosphere 12, no. 7 (June 27, 2021): 821. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12070821.
Full textAbstract:
Saccharides are important tracers in aerosol source identification but results in different areas varied significantly. In this study, six saccharides (levoglucosan, arabitol, glucose, mannitol, inositol, and sucrose) were determined for their emission factors and diagnostic ratios from domestic combustion of typical biomass and coal fuels in Northwest China. Three types of coal (i.e., anthracitic coal, bituminous coal, and briquettes) and five types of biomass (i.e., maize straw, wheat straw, corn cob, wood branches, and wood block) collected from regional rural areas were selected. Overall, the ranking of the fuel types in terms of the emission factor of particulate matter less than 2.5 μm in diameter (PM2.5) was coal < firewood fuel < straw fuel, with a range of 0.14–36.70 g/kg. Furthermore, the emission factor (e.g., organic carbon (OC) levels) of traditional stove-Heated Kang in the Guanzhong Plain differed significantly from that of wood stoves burning the same fuel, which is attributable to differences in the combustion conditions. The combined diagnostic ratios of levoglucosan (LG)/OC and arabitol/elemental carbon can be used to accurately distinguish the source contribution from coal and biomass combustion to atmospheric PM. Estimation of the biomass burning (BB) contribution to PM2.5 had an uncertainty of −2.7% to 41.0% and overestimation of 9.9–28.2% when LG was used as the sole tracer, despite its widespread use in other studies; thus, these estimation methods are inadequate and require improvement. The results also revealed that specialized emission control and clean energy strategies are required for both residential BB and non-BB sources on a regional scale.
25
Jaimes, Saul. "Thermal-mechanical analysis of the briquetting machine segments in steel industries." minerva 1, no. 1 (April 24, 2020): 43–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.47460/minerva.v1i1.5.
Full textAbstract:
A thermal-mechanical analysis of the behavior of the segments of the rollers of the briquetting machines is carried out due to the effect of thermal shock and efforts exerted on the part. It is intended to obtain the main causes that generate this problem, through a mechanical analysis that simulated the behavior in the presence of several thermal gradients. The purpose of the study is to reduce maintenance costs and the continuous replacement and repair of segments, as well as losses in tons of production due to the failure that are of great impact to the industry. This investigation allows us to know to what extent the operating parameters, such as: material temperature, pressure, torque, speed of the rollers influence the life of the segments according to their manufacturing material and based on these the behavior is simulated during the briquetting process. Keywords: Simulation, Finite element, Briquettes. [1]D. F. Pinzón, «Diseño óptimo de Sistemas de Distribución,» Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, 2014. [2]F. A. Mendoza Lameda, «Diseño multiobjetivo y multietapa de sistemas de distribución de energía eléctrica aplicando algoritmos evolutivos,» Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, 2010. [3]L. Miró Hernández y R. Vizcón Toledo, «Sistema Hibrido Propuesto Para la Generación de Electricidad en un Policlínico,» Revista Avanzada Científica, vol. 9, nº 2, pp. 50-56, 2006. [4]J. Lagunas M., C. Ortega S. y P. Caratozzolo M., «Control supervisorio para sistemas híbridos de geración eléctrica basado en lógica difusa,» Boletin UE, Monterrey, 2005. [5]J. L. Bernal Agustín, «Aplicación de algoritmos genéticos al diseño óptimo de sistemas de distribución de energía eléctrica,» Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, 1998. [6]V. MIranda, J. V. Ranito y L. Proenca, «Genetic Algorithms in Optimal Multistage Distribution Network Planning, » IEEE, Porto, 1994. [7]I. Ramirez-Rosado y J. Dominguez-Navarro, «Computer Aided Desing of Power Distribution Systems: Multiobjective Mathematical Simulations» International Journal of Power and Energy Systems, vol. 19, nº 4, pp. 1801-1810, 2004.
26
Safferman, Steven I. "Selection of Nutrients to Enhance Biodegradation for the Remediation of Oil Spilled on Beaches1." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1991, no. 1 (March 1, 1991): 571–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1991-1-571.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT Laboratory studies were conducted to determine the fate of fertilizers proposed for application to the Alaska shoreline in support of the Alaskan Oil Spill EPA Bioremediation Project. Fertilizer application is thought to provide indigenous organisms with nutrients that appear to be limited on ocean beaches. The experiments were developed strictly to test the durability, release rates, and application procedures of a variety of fertilizer types. The effects of tidal movement on a beach were simulated by two separate conditions, static and dynamic. The static condition represented periods when the beach material was under water and turbulence was at a minimum. This condition was simulated in the laboratory by submerging the nutrient in a beaker of simulated seawater (with or without beach material, depending on the nutrients being tested). These experiments ran continuously over a three-month period, with water exchanges according to a planned schedule. Nutrient concentrations were measured in the exchanged water. Dynamic conditions represented the forces on beach material as the water moved from low to high tide and back to low tide. In the laboratory, the condition was simulated by applying the nutrients to beach material piled in one end of a long, narrow tray placed on a rocker table. When the rocker table was operating and enough seawater had been added to cover the beach material (in the rocker table's low position), a gentle sloshing of the water over the materials resulted. These experiments generally lasted one to two hours, during which time liquid samples were collected for nutrient analyses. Durability of the fertilizers was measured by visual observation and freeze/thaw determinations. The experimental setup was economical and performed well. The fertilizer most suited for field trial was found to be isobutyraldehyde diurea briquettes, which produced a slow, continuous release of nutrients.
27
Saparudin, S., S. Syahrul, and N. Nurchayati. "PENGARUH VARIASI TEMPERATUR PIROLISIS TERHADAP KADAR HASIL DAN NILAI KALOR BRIKET CAMPURAN SEKAM PADI-KOTORAN AYAM." Dinamika Teknik Mesin 5, no. 1 (January 30, 2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/d.v5i1.46.
Full textAbstract:
Energy is vital necessity as can not free on our daily. In a row inhabitant growth and economic development, the will necessity energy fuel oil (BBM) every years direct advance, until reseve fossil energy in the suppose quickly will finished. In the side other, increase the production well of agriculture sector although animal husbandry will the appear dirty area issue, because increase the waste as not used to well, the until necessary solution other enegy alternative. Biomass of the rise husk and chicken feces the have potential as high enough for in manner fuel become, be choosen that is briquettes, because the secondly this is waste be haved element contens carbon end course fiber as hight enough. Biomass briquettes this experiment in the difference become biocharcoal briquettes by pyrolysis process with the temperature variation 225°C, 275°C, 325°C and 375°C. The testing of experiment this is content result testing and calorofic value in the contents from temperature variation. The result of this experiment show that, the bigger of the pyrolysis temperature which is used the precentage of charcoal will be lower. The result of testing calorofic value briquetess biocharcoal the biggest that is 4252,67 kal/gr in the show on 275°C temperature the while, for lower calorofic value 3821,33 kal/gr on 225°C temperature. Of the calorofic value and as result, briquettes biocharcoal of the rice husk mixture with chicken feces the haved potential to growth as alternative fuel, be side energy contens as high enough, the material cheap and can easy.
28
Babaylov, N. A., Yu N. Loginov, and L. I. Polyanskiy. "Nature of fine materials compaction when roll briquetting in cells of different shapes." Chernye Metally, February 26, 2021, 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.17580/chm.2021.02.07.
Full textAbstract:
In the work, the influence of the technological parameters for roll briquetting on the compaction coefficient and distribution of briquetting pressure along the curly generatrix of the cell cut on the roll of the briquetting press is investigated. The influence of the cell shape on the pressing roll and the size of the gap between the rolls was studied. The paper considers various forms of cells on rolls (or roll bandages) of four different types of the shapes. The purpose of the work is to describe the conditions manifestation of the so-called re-pressing of the briquette back part, leading to the appearance of cracks and destruction of the briquette according to the “dovetail” type. This phenomenon leads to a decrease in yield on the briquetting press and the formation of the return of material that must be involved in the processing of waste. A geometric model of material compaction in the cells of the briquetting press for four different shapes is constructed: pillow-shaped and three conical types. When creating the model, assumptions are made that are commonly used in the formulation of powder rolling problems. The conditions of the problem are fulfilled in a flat setting. In the model, a briquette of arbitrary shape is conventionally divided into several infinitely small volumes. The briquette formation begins in the capture section by densification of the selected volume element, the thickness of which remains unchanged until the end of the briquetting process. Plots of the compaction coefficients distribution along the direction of roll briquetting for the material for the considered cell types are constructed. The obtained data show that for the entire range of gaps between the rollers, the calculated compressibility of the briquetted material in a conical cell is higher than in a cell with a pillow-shaped shape. It was determined that the compaction coefficient in the front of the briquette is noticeably lower. To determine the plot of briquetting pressure along the generatrix of the cell, the method of standards was used, in which the dependence of the compaction coefficient on the briquetting pressure is preliminarily constructed. Then, the compaction coefficient is converted according to the compression curve for the material under study into compression forces. It is shown that to reduce the effect of re-pressing, it is necessary to increase the technological gap between the rollers of the briquetting press. The work was performed under the theme № 0391-2016-0001 (AAAA-A18-118020790140-5) and with the partial financial support of the Resolution № 211 of the Government of the Russian Federation, contract № 02.A03.21.0006.
29
Silva, Julio Peretti da, Martha Andreia Brand, Philipe Ricardo Casemiro Soares, Matheus de Liz Salamon, Taíse Mariano Rodrigues, and Germano Güttler. "Compaction as a sustainable alternative to dried sludge from poultry slaughterhouse wastewater for energy generation." Ciência Rural 51, no. 12 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20200320.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT: The generation of wastes in poultry abattoirs has increased considerably in recent years due to the growing demand for chicken meat. This fact, combined with the current need for developing new forms of renewable energy from biomass, and the lack of disposal facilities, motivated this study. We determined the technical feasibility of the barbecue charcoal production using briquettes produced with different blends containing sludge from a poultry abattoir and Pinus spp. shavings. To that end, we have mixed both residues by gradually adding 10 to 90 % of sludge in the blends, which resulted in 9 treatments containing sludge, and 1 containing only shavings. After that, we produced four briquettes of each treatment and charred them by using a heating ramp. After charring, we submitted the charcoal to the analyzes of Moisture Content (MC), Bulk Density (BD), Compressive Resistance (CR), Gross Calorific Value (GCV), and Proximate Analysis (PA). We calculated the Gravimetric Yield (GY) and the Energy Density (ED) by using the results from the other analyzes. Results showed that the CR, the GCV, the Volatile Matter (VM), and the Fixed Carbon Content (FC) of the charcoals decreased by increasing the proportion of sludge in the blends. However, the charcoals’ bulk density (BD) increased, which also increased its energy density (ED) and ash content (AC). The best blend to produce charcoal for household use was the one containing 90 % of sludge and 10 % of Pinus spp. shavings.
30
"Sequential Production of Methylester, Bioethanol and Briquette from SCG." Petroleum and Chemical Industry International 1, no. 1 (October 4, 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.33140/pcii/00005.
Full textAbstract:
In this study, methyl-ester, bioethanol and briquette samples were sequentially produced from spent coffee ground. The oil extracted from spent coffee ground with solvent extraction route at hexane to spent coffee ground ratio of 22.5g/g with an extraction time of 30.4min resulting in 11.892% of oil yield. This was comparable with literature values and subsequently used for methyl-ester production experiments using a 1% by wt of NaOH at reaction temperatures and residence times ranging from 50 to 65 °C and 20 to 60min, respectively. The optimization carried out using central composite design methodology gave 81.507% of methyl-ester yield at a reaction temperature of 57.133°C and reaction time (residence time) of 45.117 min with model determination coefficient (R2 ) of 0.9465 while the optimum reducing sugar yield for dilute acid hydrolysis experiments for ranges of operating parameters of temperature (70-100°C) and (1-3M )of H2 SO4 concentrations was found to be 39.161% at a temperature of 98.313°C and H2 SO4 acid concentration of 2.962M.The central composite design optimization results for trans-esterification and dilute acid hydrolysis experiments were verified by running experiments at optimum conditions and in turn resulted 79.65% of Methyl Esteryield(out of 11.892g of oil) and reducing sugars yield of 37.28%(out of the hydrolysate). This implied that the verification experimental results weren’t far from the predicted values so that the experimental results were sufficiently represented by the central composite design models. The bio ethanol produced by simple distillation having alcohol by volume yield of 55% can be considered as a good result and it can be easily concentrated to a fuel grade ethanol by using fractionating column. Moreover, the characteristics of the Methyl Ester produced were in good agreement with ASTM and EN standards. The end product of the process which is briquette has been produced from 75% wt of dilute acid hydrolysis residue and 25% wt of glycerol, resulted a calorific value of 13.35MJ/kg, volatile matter value of 88.15%, ash content of 3.95%, and fixed carbon contents of 1.74% with its easily moldable physical status showed that it can as well be used for fueling purpose like firewood and charcoal. This study signifies the value addition that can be affected from spent coffee ground and the potential and results obtained in this regard are discussed.
31
Haydary, Juma, and Dalibor Susa. "Kinetics of thermal decomposition of aseptic packages." Chemical Papers 67, no. 12 (January 1, 2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11696-013-0319-7.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractKinetics of thermal decomposition of aseptic packages (e.g. Tetrapak cartons) and pyrolysis of this waste in a laboratory flow reactor was studied. Three different models for the calculation of the reaction rate and the determination of apparent kinetic parameters of thermal decomposition were used. The first method assumes a two stage thermal decomposition and the kinetic parameters were determined by fitting a derivative thermogravimetric (DTG) curve to experimentally determined thermogravimetric data of whole aseptic cartons. The second method uses kinetic parameters determined by fitting DTG curves to thermogravimetric data of individual components of aseptic packages. The last method was a multi-curve isoconversion method assuming a change of kinetic parameters with the increasing conversion. All types of the determined kinetic parameters were used in a mathematical model for thermal decomposition of mini briquettes made from aseptic packages at the temperature of 650°C. The model calculated also the heat conduction in the particles and it was verified by an independent set of experiments conducted in a laboratory screw type flow reactor.
32
Mkude, Isabela T., Sara Gabrielsson, and Richard Kimwaga. "Knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) on fecal sludge resource recovery and reuse in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development, July 15, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2021.249.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Resource recovery and reuse (RRR) of fecal sludge (FS) from onsite sanitation systems describes the concept of turning human waste into valuable end products. However, studies on peoples' perceptions of FS-derived products are still limited. Guided by the knowledge, attitudes and practices framework, and data from a survey of 395 households, focus group discussions and key informant interviews, this article explores how residents in three unplanned settlements of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania view FS RRR (FS-RRR). Results indicate that residents' knowledge about FS-RRR is moderately low. Moreover, residents generally have negative attitudes toward using FS-derived products, except for those not directly consumed, such as biogas or FS-briquettes. Additionally, only a few residents have engaged in any FS-RRR practices. We conclude that to increase local acceptance of FS-RRR will require significant efforts by a multitude of actors, not least to dispel myths linked to human waste, but also to raise awareness and demonstrate the benefits and safety of FS-derived products. The Tanzanian government must take the lead in this process and should start by prioritizing the improvement of FSM to enable such a shift.