Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Brit bat'
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DE, LA TAILLE CHRISTOPHE. "Electronique tres bas bruit pour detecteur a liquide organometallique." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1990EPXX0012.
Full textPrêle, Damien. "Instrumentation cryogénique bas bruit et large bande en technologie SiGe." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00332421.
Full textDong, Quan. "HEMTs cryogéniques à faible puissance dissipée et à bas bruit." Thesis, Paris 11, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA112035.
Full textTransistors with low noise level at low frequency, low-power dissipation and operating at low temperature (≤ 4.2 K) are currently non-existent, however, they are widely required for realizing cryogenic preamplifiers which can be installed close to sensors or devices at a temperature of few tens of mK, in astrophysics, mesoscopic physics and space electronics. Research conducted over many years at LPN aims to a new generation of high-performance cryogenic HEMTs (High Electron Mobility Transistors) to meet these needs. This thesis, through the collaboration between the CNRS/LPN and the CEA/IRFU, aims for the realization of cryogenic preamplifiers for microcalorimeters at 50 mK.The work of this thesis consists of systematic characterizations of electrical and noise parameters of the HEMTs (fabricated at LPN) at low temperatures. Based on the experimental results, one of the low-frequency-noise sources in the HEMTs has been identified, i.e., the sequential tunneling part in the gate leakage current. Thanks to this result, heterostructures have been optimized to minimize the gate leakage current and the low frequency noise. During this thesis, specific methods have been developed to measure very low-gate-leakage-current values, transistor’s capacitances and the 1/f noise with a very high input impedance. Two experimental relationships have been observed, one for the 1/f noise and other for the white noise in these HEMTs at 4.2 K. Significant advances have been made, for information, the HEMTs with a gate capacitance of 92 pF and a consumption of 100 µW can reach a noise voltage of 6.3 nV/√ Hz at 1 Hz, a white noise voltage of 0.2 nV/√ Hz, and a noise current of 50 aA/√Hz at 10 Hz. Finally, a series of 400 HEMTs has been realized which fully meet the specifications required for realizing preamplifiers at CEA/IRFU. The results of this thesis will provide a solid base for a better understanding of 1/f noise and white noise in cryogenic HEMTs with the objective to improve them for various considered applications
Jacquier, Yves. "Préamplificateur de courant bas-bruit pour le calorimètre électromagnétique d'ATLAS." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ECAP0541.
Full textPruntel, Hendrik. "Bereiken wat mogelijk is : besluitvorming in de Brits-Nederlandse betrekkingen, 1914-1916 /." Enschede : Universiteit Twente, 1994. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb40164492f.
Full textSUN, SHAOYING. "Conception et hybridation d'une chaine d'amplification spectrometrique a bas bruit de fond." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993STR13048.
Full textGUILMIN, GWENAEL. "Contribution a la reduction de bruit dans un codeur de parole bas debit." Rennes 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000REN10012.
Full textMouchel, Myckael. "Développement de jonctions tunnel magnétiques bas bruit pour les capteurs de champ magnétique." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAY104.
Full textMagnetic tunnel junctions based magnetic field sensors are one of the most promising solutions in the framework of electronic components miniaturization. Crocus Technology, the industrial stakeholder of this thesis, has been designing some of the market smallest TMR sensors for several years. Despite their good sensitivity, they exhibit a large 1/f noise, deteriorating their capability to detect low magnetic fields. This thesis falls within a context of noise reduction and detection improvement of the sensors. In-depth noise studies of existing sensors have been performed in order to better apprehend the origins of such noise. These studies have been carried out thanks to a specifically designed experimental bench allowing simultaneous noise and magneto-electrical characterizations of the devices. Thereby, we have been able to link the observed noise to the response of the sensors under specific magnetic field conditions by developing an illustrative model based on “magnetic-to-noise fingerprint of the sensors”. This thesis was further completed by a 6-sigma project, led by the author, which allowed us to implement the needful solutions to answer an ambitious objective of noise reduction. The detectivity has been improved by nearly two orders of magnitude, thus reaching 13 nT/√Hz at 10 Hz in a few months, without deteriorating the integrability of the sensors while satisfying industrial constraints
Marcand-Sauvant, Julie. "Impact d'une neuroinflammation transitoire ou chronique à bas bruit sur le fonctionnement neuronal." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR21755/document.
Full textThe fever and normal aging are two physiological processes leading to water and mineral imbalance in the body. This imbalance results in severe dehydration which can be aggravated by climatic conditions as we saw during the summer of 2003. In both cases, fever and age, the body responds by stimulating the hypothalamic-neurohypophysial system leading to increased release of vasopressin or antidiuretic hormone, which could possibly prevent dehydration criticism. However, the modalities of activation of vasopressinergic neurons (AVP) in these conditions remain unknown. The aim of the research done in this thesis was to determine the cellular and molecular mechanisms responsible for the activation of vasopressinergic neurons (AVP) during an inflammatory response and during aging. We showed ,in the first part of this work, that during an inflammatory episode (mimicked by an injection of lypopolysaccharide LPS) the activity of AVP neurons is rapidly increased and this activation is sustained for more than six hours. Moreover, this activation is not due to a potential secondary effect of LPS on plasma osmolarity and blood pressure. The early activation of AVP neurons by LPS seems to be supported by IL-6 (which mimics the effects of LPS), since activation by LPS is blocked by prior injection of anti-IL-6. In the second part of this work, we showed chronic treatment of IGF-I in old rats can restore bladder function similar to that observed in adults, presumably by acting directly on neurons AVP as the rate plasma AVP in aged rats treated with IGF-I returned to normal values, ie, equivalent to that of adult rats. This hypothesis is supported by the fact that (i) AVP neurons express the receptor for IGF-I and there is no difference in the expression of these receptors between adult and aged rats, and (ii) AVP neurons are inhibited by IGF-I. Finally, in the latter part of this work, we showed that during aging, the AVP neurons are activated, which results in increased serum AVP level and a very low rate of apelin. Similarly, astrocytes are activated and show more morphofunctional plasticity. Microglia does not seem to play a role in neuronal and astrocytic overactivation. Moreover, this neuronal overactivation is overcome by a central processing by an anti-IL-6 or a nonselective TRPV channels. However, an icv treatment by an anti-IL-6 does not affect the expression of TRPV2 in the supraoptic nucleus (SON). In general conclusion, it appears that: 1 / IL-1 is not the conductor of all inflammatory processes. Indeed, in the NSO, the activation of AVP neurons is sustained by IL-6 2 / the balance of pro-/ anti-inflammatory is significant in neuronal dysfunction. However, the critical factor in the dysfunction of AVP neurons is not the excessive production of inflammatory factors, but the insufficient production of compensatory anti-inflammatory factors. 3 / during aging, neuroinflammation responsible for the dysfunction of AVP neurons can be classified as type "chronic and low-grade" process in which (i) microglia, in alert, saw its reactivity increased tenfold during inflammatory additional solicitation; (ii) cross-talk astrocyte-neuron is stuck in a pattern of hyperactivity, similar to that observed in adulthood under conditions of sustained physiological arousal (such as in dehydration), but that would prevent the proper response network to any additional physiological demand, which is transient (as the response to acute injection of LPS or NaCl 9%) or sustained (48 h dehydration). However, literature data show the important role of microglia in other types of neuroinflammation called "high grade", and whose deleterious effects - ranging from neuronal dysfunction to neurodegeneration - are rooted in Microglial overexpression of molecules such as IL-1 or TNF . In an attempt to understand the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in such dysfunction and to characterize the nature of neuronal dysfunction, we have developed a pharmacological model of neuroinflammation high grade by injecting IL-1 directly into the SON. Our preliminary data show that neuronal dysfunction and the cellular and molecular mechanisms behind this dysfunction differ from those observed during aging: activated microglia overexpressing many inflammatory molecules, probably at the origin of neuronal dysfunction ( absence of phasic pattern, even during osmotic stimulation), since astrocytes do not appear to be affected. The absence of phasic pattern causing the low plasma AVP reflects a disturbance of intrinsic electrophysiological properties underlying the phasic pattern (receptors, ion channels) and / or afferent excitatory (Glu, ACh, Na) or inhibitory (GABA) modulating the phasic activity
Grémion, E. "Transistor balistique quantique et HEMT bas-bruit pour la cryoélectronique inférieure à 4.2 K." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00315433.
Full textLours, Corinne. "Contrôle de l'identité cellulaire par les régulateurs transcriptionnels à domaine BTB/POZ Bric à brac 1 et Bric à brac 2 chez Drosophila melanogaster." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003CLF1MM07.
Full textGrémion, Emile. "Transistor balistique quantique et HEMT bas-bruit pour la cryoélectronique inférieure à 4. 2 K." Paris 11, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA112017.
Full textNext generations of cryodetectors, widely used in physics of particles and physics of universe, will need in the future high-performance cryoelectronics less noisy and closer to the detector. Within this context, this work investigates properties of two dimensional electron gas GaAlAs/GaAs by studying two components, quantum point contact (QPC) and high electron mobility transistor (HEMT). Thanks to quantized conductance steps in QPC, we have realized a quantum ballistic transistor (voltage gain higher than 1), a new component useful for cryoelectronics thanks to its operating temperature and weak power consumption (about 1 nW). Moreover, the very low capacity of this component leads to promising performances for multiplexing low temperature bolometer dedicated to millimetric astronomy. The second study focused on HEMT with very high quality 2DEG. At 4. 2 K, a voltage gain higher than 20 can be obtained with a very low power dissipation of less than 100 μW. Under the above experimental conditions, an equivalent input voltage noise of 1. 2 nV/Hz^(1/2) at 1 kHz and 0. 12 nV/Hz^(1/2) at 100 kHz has been reached. According to the Hooge formula, these noise performances are get by increasing gate capacity estimated to 60 pF
Torres, Rémi. "Développements et performances d'un spectromètre Ge bas bruit de fond au niveau de la mer." Bordeaux 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR10579.
Full textGuiraud, Germain. "Développement de sources laser à fibres dopées ytterbium haute puissance, monofréquence et à bas bruit d'intensité." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0648.
Full textHigh power, narrow linewidth fiber lasers are useful for both industrial and scientific applications. Nevertheless, nonlinear effects like Stimulated Brillouin Scattering (SBS) are main limitations of these laser sources due to high power in fiber core. A first amplifier in single-frequency operation with 50W of output power from a laser diode seeder of 50 mW was developed. Study of intensity noise on this amplifier developed with standard fiber (core diameter less than 20 μm) showed that SBS leads to a degradation of noise properties of the laser. The use of large mode area (LMA) fibers is a solution for suppressing nonlinear effects with core diameters bigger than several tens of microns. LMA fibers show an overlap between doped core and pump wave optimized leading to a reduction of gain medium length. This strategy permits to increase nonlinear effect threshold. Second step of high power amplifiers with LMA fibers allows to obtain 100W in single-frequency regime without DBS. LMA fiber used have a core diameter equals to 40μm. Power scaling from 100W to 200W highlights a new limiting non-linear effect: Fiber Modal Degradation (FMD). Indeed, multimodal cores of these fibers, coupled to high thermal load lead to non-linear effects like Modal Instabilities (IM) and FMD. FMD effect, first described by Ward et al in 2016, is a thermo-optic effect characterized by a beam quality degradation with power transfer from fundamental mode to high order modes. Furthermore, a decrease of output power, synonym of guidance loss of fundamental mode in gain medium is observed. Unlike well-known effect IM, this phenomenon doesn’t act like a threshold phenomenon. In fact, transitory regime in association with FMD is longer than IM caused by photodarkening dynamic. In our study, beam quality at the output of the fiber was degraded after several tens of hours at 200W. For understanding this effect, a photodarkening effect study both in continuous wave (CW) and pulsed regime was carried out. This study shows that for the first time a photodarkening and photobleaching equilibrium on high power amplifiers in pulsed regime. These thermo-induced effects threshold depends on thermal load and are different for both regimes: 120W for CW and 150W for pulsed regime. Finally, a study and a reduction of intensity noise based from a servo-loop were carried out on 100W amplifier. A 1MHz bandwidth with a 30 dB decrease of noise were demonstrated. These results allow to develop high power and low intensity noise lasers at industrial level”
Bouchand, Romain. "Génération photonique de signaux micro-ondes très bas bruit de phase par peignes de fréquences optiques." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066507/document.
Full textState-of-the-art microwave oscillators are typically bulky systems requiring tedious maintenance which is hindering their use in mobile applications or in demanding environments. The invention of the optical frequency combs, which was awarded a Nobel prize in 2005, was a game-changer as it enabled a high-fidelity transfer of the unrivalled properties of optical oscillators to the microwave domain. In the technique used at SYRTE, the optical frequency division, a microwave signal can be extracted from a near-infrared ultra-stable laser using photodetection. The transfer is accompanied by a reduction of phase noise equal to the microwave-to-optical frequency ratio squared, i.e. more than eight order of magnitudes. This benefit is however reduced by several processes producing excess noise during the transfer. The work described in this thesis is the generation of the lowest phase noise microwave signal ever reported. The different processes inducing excess noise are analyzed and, in part, overcome. Specifically, the conversion of the femtosecond laser intensity noise to the microwave phase noise is studied thoroughly and its effect significantly reduced. The results augur that the optical approaches in microwave generation are on the verge to disrupt the state-of-the-art. The noise levels demonstrated and the techniques developed can benefit a large range of applications such as mobile radars, time and frequency metrology or the next generation of ultrafast telecommunication networks
Gribaldo, Sébastien. "Modélisation non-linéaire et en bruit de composants micro-ondes pour applications à faible bruit de phase." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00339514.
Full textMayot, Gilles. "L'inflammation à bas bruit n'aggrave pas la fonte musculaire chez le rat âgé, même après un stress." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007CLF1MM12.
Full textThe aging of developed countries populations generates a socioeconomic problem related to the growing number of dependent persons. The loss of autonomy is explained partly by a strong skeletal muscle mass loss, which results from modifications in protein metabolism during aging. Mechanisms involved in these alterations are not completely known. Age-related low grade inflammation (LGI) could contribute to muscle mass loss during aging. The aim of the thesis was to clarify the impact of LGI on skeletal muscle mass loss during aging. Experiments have been conducted in male 24 months old Wistar rats which were bred in a conventional animal facility. Firsty, markers of LGI have been validated in old rats. Then, the impact of LGI has been studied on spontaneous muscle mass loss and on stress-induced muscle mass loss. Two stresses have been tested : an endotoxin stress followed by protein-energy malnutrition and a bacterial infection. Thresholds of a α2-macroglobulin and fibrinogen levels have been defined for LGI in rats. LGI aggravates spontaneous body weight loss but does not worsen spontaneous muscle mass loss. Muscle protein turn-over is insensitive to LGI, while liver absolute protein synthesis rate increases. LGI does not mdify muscle mass losses induced by the two studied stresses and muscle protein turn-over is still independent of LGI. LGI does not contribute to skeletal muscle mass loss during aging but worsens body weight loss. Therefore, it would be interesting to counteract IBB in order to preserve body weight during aging
Achouri, Anouar. "Contribution à l'évaluation des technologies CPL bas débit dans l'environnement domestique." Thesis, Tours, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOUR4013/document.
Full textThe Smart Grid is an important part of the third technological revolution. The final client is now able to improve his energy consumption efficiency via the control of the domestic appliances. The narrowband power lines protocols are adopted by many international utilities and DSO to ensure the control of the distribution power grid. In this thesis, we propose to use theses protocols for domestic electrical grid management. To assess the performances of the narrowband PLC systems in domestic environment, we have realized two measurements campaigns in many houses. The first campaign is dedicated to the domestic PLC channel response in the band of [9kHz-500kHz]. The measurements are classified into 5 classes according to their transmission capacities. To model the channel measurements, a modeling approach based on FIR filters is adopted. The second measurements campaign aims to characterize and to reproduce the PLC domestic noise in the band of [9kHz-500kHz]. The measurements are classified into stationary noise, periodic noise and aperiodic noise. Some examples of noise generation are proposed for every form of noise
Beato, François. "Quelques résultats théoriques et expérimentaux sur les magnétomètres très bas bruit basés sur le pompage optique de l'hélium 4." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAY065.
Full textThis work presents a detailed study of helium 4 optically pumped magnetometers based on atomic alignment. Although their physical behavior is restricted to low magnetic fields (B≲150 nT), the dynamic range of such sensors may easily be extended using a back action loop on the magnetic field.We explicitly derive analytic expressions of the optical signals of helium magnetometers based on atomic alignment for the three atomic transitions D_0, D_1 et D_2. Doing so we are able to specifically study the different sensor architectures possible. We carefully present the two different ways of measuring a signal using atomic alignment: absorption and linear birefringence. We highlight new architectures of Hanle magnetometers, notably the possibility of measuring a field with one only optical access. We take a particular interest also in parametric resonance magnetometers to write their driving equations either in absorption and birefringence. We systematically complete our theoretical studies with experimental verifications.We finish by studying the intrinsic sources of imperfections (pumping of the probe beam, light-shift …) and noise of the sensors. Thus we discuss pros and cons of the architectures and analyze their theoretical sensitivity
Dinel, Anne-Laure. "Impact de l'inflammation à bas bruit associée à l'obésité sur l'établissement des troubles de l'humeur et de la cognition." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR13759/document.
Full textSevere obesity is associated with a low grade inflammation characterized by an increased release of inflammatory markers like cytokines and leptin. It has been suggested that some of these mediators of inflammation could also be found in the brain, as manifested by the increased hypothalamic expression of inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-a, IL-1) and the activation of their intracellular pathways. Moreover, the intensity of the inflammation state seems to increase with the degree of obesity. Morbid obesity, which is accompanied by different comorbid pathologies like cardiovascular disease, hypertension, type 2 diabetes and a high prevalence of mood (anxiety, depression) and cognitive disorders, is clearly associated with peripheral inflammation. Such an association is less clear in the case of a moderate obesity which is not systematically associated with comorbid pathologies. It is clearly established that during an infection brain actions of cytokines that are released as a result of the innate immune system activation induce development of sickness behaviour. In the case of a prolonged and/or unregulated activation of the cytokine network, sickness behaviour that includes non-specific symptoms such as behavioral alterations, fever and neuroendocrine activation can lead to the development of mood and cognitive disorders. Moreover, such a development is associated with a drastic drop of circulating levels of tryptophan, the essential amino acid acting as limiting factor of the serotonin synthesis. It has been proposed that these alterations could be at least partially explained by cytokine-induced peripheral and/or central activation of the indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), a tryptophan-catabolizing enzyme that is potently induced in monocytes, macrophages and brain microglia by cytokines. IDO activation can result in the lowering of the bioavailability of tryptophan for 5-HT synthesis and the increase of neurotoxic derivates (3-OH-kynurenine, quinolinic acid). Both consequences of cytokine-induced IDO activation may play a role in the development of the cognitive and mood disorders associated with obesity. The present study aimed therefore at studying in mice the relationship between inflammation and development of mood and cognitive disorders associated with obesity. This study was performed in two different but complementary experimental conditions reproducing 1) a moderate obesity devoid of marked pathological complications (a model of diet induced obesity) and 2) a morbid obesity associated with comorbid pathologies like type 2 diabetes (db/db mice). Our results showed that: 1) The degree of obesity is correlated with the intensity of the alterations affecting innate immune system activation. 2) Obesity exacerbates the innate immune system activation as manifested by the increase of peripheral and central cytokine production, and related neurochemical, neuroendocrine and behavioral alterations. 3) The inflammation-related alterations induced by obesity are associated with impairment of cognitive abilities and emotional reactivity, as well as development of anxiety-like symptoms, although differences in their respective time-course of appearance seem to exist. Taken together, these findings showed the key role of the inflammation associated with obesity in its related mood and cognitive disorders. This work provides therefore a first important step towards the identification of new pharmacological and/or nutritional strategies aimed at ameliorating life quality of obese subjects and preventing development of related comorbidities
Gurriaran, Rodolfo. "Développement de la spectrométrie gamma ultra bas bruit de fond au laboratoire souterrain de Modane : application aux décroissances double bêta." Bordeaux 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR10589.
Full textBaudin, David. "Development of a CdTe spectro-imaging for space application." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASS019.
Full textThis manuscript details the work in the scope of a hard X-Ray spatial instrumentation project. Previous developments have reached the design and fabrication of a Cadmium Telluride detector (CdTe) allowing precise photoelectric conversion of light in the hard X-Ray energy range (1keV – 100 keV).This thesis describes all of the design steps of a charge conversion integrated circuit with several specificities: a good spectral resolution, a good spatial resolution, and a four-side abutability.This work organizes through three principal steps. The technology choice for integrated circuit fabrication. The design, fabrication and test of prototypes dedicated to develop the circuit architecture. In addition, the design and test of the final circuit named IDeF-X D²R₂. This circuit of 8.5 mm x 8.5 mm, contains 1024 pixels matrix of 32 x 32) of 250 x 250 µm² each of one allowing charge measurement with a low noise of 40 electrons, a dynamic up to 110 000 electrons (500 keV CdTe), for a nominal power consumption of 200 µW/pixel. A system approach has been done to be compatible to a 32 channels analog to digital converter developed prior to the thesis named OWB-1 leading to a digital output spectro-imaging system. Developments and results are promising for the conception of modular detection plan for future spatial missions in the hard X-Ray energy range, allowing study of energetic celestial objects
Bordes, Clarisse. "Etude expérimentale des phénomènes transistoires sismo-électromagnétiques : mise en oeuvre au Laboratoire Souterrain à Bas Bruit de Rustrel Pays d'Apt, France." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005GRE10227.
Full textSeismic wave propagation in fluid-filled porous media generates electromagnetic phenomena due to electrokinetic coupling at the pore scale. These effects are perceived as a new method for the characterization of porous media with potentially important applications in reservoir geophysics. In order to better understand the conversion mechanisms between seismic and electromagnetic energy, we built an analogical experiment within the Low Noise Underground Laboratory (LSBB Rustrel, France). The experimental apparatus consists of a cylindrical column (1 m high, diameter of 8 cm) filled with Fontainebleau sand and equipped with piezoelectric accelerometers, unpolarizable electrodes and induction magnetometers. The comparison of the seismoelectromagnetic responses in dry and moist sand allows us to confirm the electrokinetic origin of the observed phenomena. The differences in apparent velocities of the seismic and electrical fields (1250 m/s) on the one hand and magnetic field (800 m/s) on the other hand, show that the seismo-magnetic field is coupled to the transverse propagation modes. In addition, our observations of seismo-electric signals emphasize the relevance of such measurements in the field. Moreover, this work stresses the need to continue the developements of the theory of electrokinetic effects in media with partial fluid saturation
Sutour, Camille. "Vision nocturne numérique : restauration automatique et recalage multimodal des images à bas niveau de lumière." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0099/document.
Full textNight vision for helicopter pilots is artificially enhanced by a night vision system. It consists in a light intensifier (LI) coupled with a numerical camera, and an infrared camera. The goal of this thesis is to improve this device by analyzing the defaults in order to correct them.The first part consists in reducing the noise level on the LI images. This requires to evaluate the nature of the noise corrupting these images, so an automatic noise estimation method has been developed. The estimation is based on a non parametric detection of homogeneous areas.Then the noise statistics are estimated using these homogeneous regions by performing a robust l`1 estimation of the noise level function.The LI images can then be denoised using the noise estimation. We have developed in the second part a denoising algorithm that combines the non local means with variational methods by applying an adaptive regularization weighted by a non local data fidelity term. Then this algorithm is adapted to video denoising using the redundancy provided by the sequences, hence guaranteeing temporel stability and preservation of the fine structures.Finally, in the third part data from the optical and infrared sensors are registered. We propose an edge based multimodal registration metric. Combined with a gradient ascent resolution and a temporel scheme, the proposed method allows robust registration of the two modalities for later fusion
Garti, Sara. "Spectrométrie gamma haute résolution et bas bruit Compton pour la détection des ruptures de gaine dans les réacteurs rapides refroidis au sodium." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02862768.
Full textFourth generation reactors are being developed for renewing the nuclear energy industry with safer reactors that optimize uranium resources and produce less long-lived radioactive waste. France has focused on the development of SFR “Sodium Fast Reactor”. In the past, prototypes have been built and operated such as Rapsodie, Phénix, Superphénix. Since 2006, the CEA (French Atomic Energy Commission) has overseen the design of the future prototype of this technology: ASTRID. It is within this framework that teams at the French Atomic Energy Commission are working on the development of instrumental means to guarantee the absolute integrity of the first containment barrier: the fuel cladding. Indeed, the safety level to be achieved in the fourth-generation program requires the operator to continuously monitor the fission products released into the primary coolant. To ensure this safety function, various systems were implemented, such as delayed neutron detection (DND) and gamma spectrometry systems. These systems have been upgraded since their first operations through R&D programs in line with technological advances and new digital design methods.The historical gamma spectrometry instrumentation for clad failure monitoring is compromised by the presence of significant background that leads to delay lines of about 15 minutes necessary for the 23Ne (T1/2 =38 s) decay. In addition, the other background source, i.e. 41Ar, with a half-life of 110 minutes, was not filtered by this instrumentation. Indeed, it loses only 7 % of its activity in these delay lines.Regarding the safety requirement set for SFR, we will study in the frame of this work the potential contribution of a low background instrumentation by means of a Compton suppression system integrated into the SFR measuring device. The main goal of such an instrumentation would be, first, to strengthen the diagnostic of the detection of short-period fission products (about 3 min) which could indicate an early contact between the fuel and the coolant that can be dangerous for the reactor safety, second, to ensure a fast detection by improving the measuring response time.First, the source term of fission products was characterized by putting into equation various physical phenomena that govern the behavior of fission gas in an SFR environment following a clad failure. Expected fission products activities have been estimated. Second, we performed a numerical study, by means of the Monte Carlo method, of a low background instrumentation, from its experimental validation to its optimization. Finally, we implemented the model for the problem of cladding failure in the case of SFR environment. Minimum detectable activities have been estimated then compared to expected activities. The added value of this instrumentation for applications to the early detection of clad failures in an SFR environment will then be exposed
Pillet, Nicolas. "Conception et intégration de convertisseurs analogique/numérique, compacts, à bas bruit, adaptés aux capteurs CMOS destinés à la détection de particules chargées." Strasbourg, 2010. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2010/PILLET_Nicolas_2010.pdf.
Full textDevelopment of CMOS sensors has grown exponentially in the world of instrumentation in the past years because of their ability to integrate a sensitive element and the associated readout electronics on the same substrate at a low price. The CMOS-ILC team of IPHC has developed matrix of CMOS pixels for detectors used in particle physics for the last ten years. While using this kind of detectors for trajectometry, it could be interesting to raise the spatial resolution of the detectors. It could be fulfilled by implementing analog to digital converter (ADC) in the bottom of the column’s matrix. These ADCs must response to very strong constraint in term of dimension, conversion speed and power consumption. Three prototypes of ADCs with different architectures have been developed in order to respond to these specifications. The first one is a double numerical ramp ADC, the second one is a successive approximation ADC and the last one is an ADC with a progressive resolution. Three chips with these different architectures have been submitted and tested. The results have led to a comparison of the different technics in use in this particular field
Lasselin, Julie. "L’inflammation chronique à bas bruit et ses relations avec la fatigue et les altérations cognitives chez les patients souffrant de troubles métaboliques." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR22001/document.
Full textCytokines produced during the activation of the immune system have the ability to act within the central nervous system and to induce a large number of behavioral alterations. When the activation of immune system becomes chronic and unregulated, these behavioral alterations may lead to the development of neuropsychiatric symptoms. The pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric symptoms that develop in conditions of chronic low-grade inflammation context (i.e., characterized by a chronic but low activation of inflammatory processes), remains unknown. The main aim of this thesis was to investigate the involvement of low-grade inflammation in the development of fatigue symptoms and cognitive alterations in patients with metabolic disorders including obesity and type 2 diabetes. These conditions are characterized by a chronic low-grade inflammatory state, manifesting by higher blood concentrations of inflammatory factors. This inflammatory state would originate, at least partially, from the adipose tissue. Moreover, fatigue symptoms and cognitive alterations are common in metabolic disorders. Given the role of inflammation in the physiopathology of these symptoms, their development could also rely on chronic low-grade inflammatory processes. Several objectives were defined to test this hypothesis: 1) to characterize fatigue symptoms and cognitive alterations in obese and diabetic patients; 2) to assess the relationship of systemic inflammation with the inflammatory state of the adipose tissue; and 3) to investigate the association of low-grade inflammation with fatigue symptoms and cognitive alterations in patients with metabolic disorders. Fatigue symptoms and cognitive function were respectively assessed using the multidimensional fatigue inventory (MFI) and the neuropsychological tests automated battery CANTAB in diabetic patients (type 1 and type 2) and in obese patients before and after bariatric surgery. A control group was included for each model (obesity and type 2 diabetes). Circulating concentrations of inflammatory markers, as well as expression of inflammatory markers in the visceral adipose tissue of obese patients, were measured. Our results indicate that fatigue symptoms, especially in the dimensions of general and physical fatigue, represent fundamental characteristics of patients suffering from metabolic disorders. In addition, cognitive alterations (psychomotor slowing and alterations in spatial planning performance) were measured in type 2 diabetic patients, more particularly those under insulin treatment, and in obese patients. Slight alterations in the test of backward spatial span were measured in obese patients. With respect to biological data, our results indicate significant relationships between systemic inflammation and inflammatory markers (inflammatory cytokines, including MCP1, and T-cell markers) in the visceral adipose tissue of obese patients. Interestingly, chronic low-grade inflammation was associated with fatigue symptoms (general fatigue, mental fatigue, reduced activity and motivation) and performance alterations in tests assessing executive functions. Altogether, these data support the hypothesis of the involvement of the adipose macrophages and T lymphocytes in the systemic inflammatory state associated with obesity. Moreover, these results suggest that systemic low-grade inflammation associated with metabolic disorders may contribute to the physiopathology of fatigue and cognitive alterations in these conditions. In conclusion, these studies provide a precise characterization of fatigue symptoms and cognitive alterations associated with metabolic disorders, such as obesity or type 2 diabetes. In addition, this thesis work gives interesting information about the relationships of chronic low-grade inflammation and fatigue and cognitive symptoms, and refines hypotheses regarding the involvement of inflammatory processes in the physiopathology of these symptoms in patients with diabetes or obesity
Baanannou, Aissette. "Étude de la régulation transcriptionnelle des gènes bab au cours du développement des appendices chez la drosophile." Toulouse 3, 2012. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1838/.
Full textA proper spatio-temporal expression of bric-a-brab2 is required for the proximo-distal (PD) patterning of the Drosophila leg and antenna. Here, we deciphered the molecular mechanisms controlling bab2 expression in developing distal leg (4 rings) and antennal (2 rings) tissues. Using site-targeted GFP reporter assay and BAC recombineering, we show that restricted bab2 expression relies on a single 0. 56 kb cis-regulatory module (CRM), which is necessary and sufficient to drive normal Bab2 function in both developing leg and antenna. Through deletion and site-directed mutagenesis approaches, we identified discrete DNA motifs acting either positively or negatively. Finally, loss- and gain-of-function genetic analyses in combination with in-vitro electrophoretic mobility shift assays established that the Distal-less homeodomain protein directly activates bab2 in all rings, whereas the Rotund C2H2 zinc-finger protein is specifically required for direct activation in the most proximal rings. This work paves the way to decipher at the molecular level how to make concentric rings from an epithelial layer in order to organize the PD limb patterning
Michal, Vratislav. "Conception de circuits intégrés CMOS analogiques pour l'électronique de lecture de capteurs bolométriquesThz à base de semiconducteurs ou de supraconducteurs à haute température critique." Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066200.
Full textSeth, Paras. "RF-Transport through Mesoscopic Hall Bar coupled to On-Chip Microwave Resonators." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASP015.
Full textIn this thesis, dynamics of mesoscopic circuits in Quantum Hall regime have been studied. We have a mesoscopic size electron gas that is galvanically attached to On-chip microwave resonators. These resonators provide impedance matching and thus has allowed us to explore the physics of our device at High frequencies in Linear response regime. We have measured high-frequency Impedance of this mesoscopic circuit in Quantum Hall Regime. The research finding have shown that at 4-8 GHz frequencies, the chiral system (electron gas) behaves like an impedance transformer, with its specific rules dictated by the chirality due to Quantum Hall Effect. In particular, the transport through the edge states can be described as the one through a uni-directional transmission line. For Magnetic fields where filling fraction is an integer ranging from 10 to 2, the collective excitations (Edge-magnetoplasmons) have linear dispersion relation and thus propagate with velocity which is linear with Hall conductance. The current and voltage waves acquire a simple propagation phase when going through the device. When exploring within ν=2 plateau, we have explained the data by assuming an ohmic dissipation model, where the conductance per unit length varies with Magnetic field across the plateau. When a scattering center like Quantum Point Contact is used, then things are slightly complicated, but basically by following the general scattering theory rules and incorporating the phase propagation of plasmons, it can be explained. From the Zero field measurement, we have been able to characterize our resonators' internal resistance and determine the Gain of the full RF chain. We then have studied the high-frequency noise emitted by the Quantum Point Contact into the detection chain in different sample configurations. This has resulted in understanding the microwave coupling of the noise emitted from the QPC to detection chain. Thanks to High-impedance nature of these On-Chip resonators, the coupling is relatively better than having just 50 ohm line, thereby, increasing S.N.R and reducing measurement time. During this study, we have also observed dissipation in inner-most edge channel, resulting in loss of noise power from it as compared to outer edge channel. Our findings show here that for 3point setup configuration, the coupling of the noise is independent of the phase acquired by the noise signal when traversing from QPC to the resonators. This is because there is no feedback of the current fluctuations that gets injected back to the system, due to on-chip grounds. In 2-point setup, however, there is no On-chip ground. This leads to classical feedback of the fluctuations onto the QPC, making the propagative phase an important quantity. By making basic fits with experimental data we have been able to extract the value of the acquired phase. In third set of experiments, we have explored the Quantum Back-action of the resonators onto the QPC, owing to the fact that feedback by zero-point fluctuations on QPC is always there, and that these fluctuations are larger due to large characteristic impedance of the resonators. The observed reduction of differential conductance are a bit surprising. For one thing, the effects are seen at bias values which is equivalent of energy quantum of the resonator and that these observed effects are not as strong as one would expect from nature of electromagnetic environment (value of charactersitic impedance etc.). We suspect that due to finite size of the electron gas between QPC and the resonators, there is an impedance transformation of the LC oscillator, thereby, changing the impedance nature of the environment. Currently, it is still being explored
Chantepie, B. "Étude et réalisation d'une électronique rapide à bas bruit pour un détecteur de rayons X à pixels hybrides destiné à l'imagerie du petit animal." Phd thesis, Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille II, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00366861.
Full textChantepie, Benoît. "Etude et réalisation d'une électronique rapide à bas bruit pour un détecteur de rayons X à pixels hybrides destiné à l'imagerie du petit animal." Aix-Marseille 2, 2008. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2008AIX22114.pdf.
Full textSince the invention of computerized tomography (CT), charge integration detector were widely employed for X-ray biomedical imaging applications. Nevertheless, other options exist. A new technology of direct detection using semiconducors has been developped for high energy physics instrumentation. This new technology, called hybrid pixel detector, works in photon counting mode and allows for selecting the maximum energy of the counted photons. The iXgam research team at CPPM develops the PIXSCAN demonstrator, a CT-scanner using the hybrid pixel detector XPAD. The aim of his project is to evaluate the improvement on image quality and on dose delivered durinf X-ray examinations of a small animal. After a first prototype of hybrid pixel deector XPAD1 proving the feasibility of the project, a complete imager XPAD2 was designed and intergrated in the PIXSCAN demonstrator. Since then, with the evolution of microelectronic industry, important improvements are conceivable. To reducing the size of pixels and to improving the energy resolution of detectors, a third design XPAD3 was conceived and will be soon integrated in a second generation of PIXSCAN demonstrator. In this project, my thesis(s work consisted in taking part to the design of the detector readout electronics, to the characterization of the chips and of the hybrid pixel detectors, and also to the definition of a autozeroing architecture for pixels
VAUTRIN, Florent. "Contribution a l'optimisation des memoires analogiques rapides et bas bruit dans les technologies submicroniques. Application aux chaines d'acquisition des trajectometres de la physique des particules." Phd thesis, Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I, 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00006340.
Full textMiramonti, Lino. "Recherche de wimp's du halo galactique dans l'experience edelweiss : etude du bas bruit radioactif et mesures a l'aide de bolometres a double detection ionisation/chaleur." Paris 11, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA112368.
Full textVAUTRIN, FLORENT. "Contribution a l'optimisation des memoires analogiques rapides et bas bruit dans les technologies submicroniques. Application aux chaines d'acquisition des trajectometres de la physique des particules." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000STR13199.
Full textPham, Thanh Hung. "Electronique intégrée pour des détecteurs à micro-pistes de silicium." Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066098.
Full textZhang, Kuanshou. "Intracavity optical nonlinear devices using X(2) quasi-phase-matched material : classical and quantum properties and application to all-optical regeneration." Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066553.
Full textSarète, Jean. "Etude de la fatigue d'un acier à bas carbone : Caracterisation de la microstructure et de l' endommagement : correlation avec le bruit barkhausen, les paramètres magnétiques et mécaniques : - Influence des contraintes internes." Lyon, INSA, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ISAL0044.
Full textThe purpose of this work is to study the possibilities of using Barkhausen noise to evaluate, in a nondestructive manner, the damage of a low carbon steel used in nuclear power plants during oligo cyclic mechanical fatigue. To this end, an instrument has been developed for automatic in-situ magnetic characterization. All along the life of the material, variations of different parameters have been correlated: mechanical (maximum stress reached during a cycle, stiffness. . . ), magnetic (hysteresis cycle) and micro magnetic (Barkhausen noise. . . ). At the same time, the changes in the microstructural state of the material have been studied, by observing the surface and the bulk of the material via optical and electron microscopy. We noticed the rapid formation of dislocation cells, and simultaneously the apparition on the surface of marked slip bands, in which the initiation of micro cracks is easier. Damage appeared slightly after the midlife of the sample. AU the measured parameters show sensitivity to the beginning and end of the life of the material, but only the analysis of the Barkhausen noise allows to detect the damage phase. To complete this work, a method of magneto-mechanical characterization has been put in place, in order to have a wider knowledge of the influence of internal stresses. The evolution of the internal stresses measured at zero load after straining to different points in a fatigue cycle has been more thoroughly studied, as has the influence of these stresses on the micro magnetic measurements. The latter appear sensitive not only to the sign and value of the internal stresses but to their distribution within the material. Through these different approaches, the sensitivity to damage of Barkhausen noise is attributable to a detection of the evolution of internal stresses, especially after micro cracking of the material
Cagniant, Antoine. "Développement et modélisation d'un spectromètre multidétecteur Ge/Si pour la détection des ultra-traces de produits de fission dans l'environnement." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066151/document.
Full textFor the verification of the Comprehensive nuclear Test Ban Treaty (CTBT), the measurement of fission products trace levels in the environment is fundamental. Such measurement is a key indicator of a nuclear explosion. For constant amelioration of these measurements, the CEA/DAM-Ile de France has developed and installed a new dedicated surface spectrometer. Named GAMMA3, it is equipped with three germanium detectors, two silicon detectors (integrated in a dedicated gas cell, the PIPSBox) and includes an optimized shielding.This shielding reduces greatly the interference of environmental photons, muons and neutrons with the detectors. The residual radiological background measured inside the shielding is the community’s lowest for a surface laboratory. This set of high energy resolution detectors allows the operator to optimize a measurement according to the sample geometry, activity or nature. More precisely, a radioactive noble gas can be measured by photon/electron coincidence, an active sample can be measured by photon/photon coincidence, and a low-active sample can be measured in a high-efficiency configuration. Combining optimized shielding and optimized measurement, Minimum Detectable Activities required for CTBT certification are obtained quickly. Specifically, MDA is reached in 5 hours for 140-Ba (24 mBq), in 6h30 hours for 131m/133m-Xe (5 mBq) and in 7h15 for 133-Xe (5 mBq), when CTBT requirement is in 6 days
Godet, Sylvain. "Instrumentation de mesure sur puce pour systèmes autotestables : application à la mesure de bruit de phase basée sur des résonateurs BAW." Toulouse 3, 2010. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/987/.
Full textThis works deals with an integrated phase noise test bench for BAW resonators. The technology which has been used is the SiGe: C 0. 25 µm BiCMOS7RF process from ST Microelectronics. A current trend is to integrate testing facilities next to more or less complex circuits. The integrated test bench for measuring phase noise can relieve us of the constraints of external probing measurement and high cost. The simultaneous integration of the test circuit with the systems to measure also allows to fully exploiting component matching possibilities available on the same substrate. On-chip measurement greatly simplifies the testing process, minimizing the use of bulky external measurement equipment and high cost. It also allows following the system characteristic variations, in time or after various damages. This measure leads naturally to the design of self-testable, therefore self-reconfigurable, ICs. The goal of this thesis was to define the component architectures and the design of the integrated phase noise test bench, depending on the measurement accuracy. We show that this highly performance instrumentation system can be integrated in a standard SiGe technology
Magné, Joëlle. "Caractérisation d'un modèle de dysfonction endothéliale postprandiale chez le rat sain : Intérêt de la modulation de la nature des protéines en termes de prévention du risque cardiovasculaire." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2009. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00005590.
Full textGabelli, Julien. "Mise en évidence de la cohérence quantique des conducteurs en régime dynamique." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011619.
Full textà travers un circuit RC mésoscopique quantique. Nous avons confirmé que la résistance de relaxation de charge d'un tel circuit est constante et égale au demi quantum de résistance h/2e^2. Cette étude a été suivie de la mesure de l'admittance d'un contact ponctuel quantique (CPQ) où nous avons mis en évidence un effet inductif des barres de Hall reliant le CPQ aux
contacts ohmiques et mesuré une inductance cinétique quantifiée. Une dernière partie de ce travail de thèse concerne la caractérisation de la statistique de photons émis par un conducteur à l'équilibre thermique. Nous avons démontré qu'il est possible, à l'aide d'une expérience de type Hanbury-Brown & Twiss sur des photons GHz, d'étudier la statistique quantique
des photons émis par un conducteur quantique.
Le, Calloch Maxime. "Study of the single electron charge signals in the XENON100 direct Dark Matter search experiment." Nantes, 2014. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=f4984b95-6904-4ff8-bcd6-50f3768ac873.
Full textFrom the observation of the Universe, it has been demonstrated that the mass associated to visible matter represents only few percent of its energetic budget, while the remaining part is composed by dark energy, responsible to the cosmological expansion, and by some hidden matter, the dark matter. The likeliest particles family used to describe this dark matter is called WIMP (Weakly Interacting Massive Particles). That kind of particles could be directly detected by measuring nuclear recoil during an elastic scattering inside a scintillating material. For this, the XENON Collaboration has developed a detector consisting in a time projection chamber (TPC) using xenon dual phase (liquid and gas) detector, and placed underground. The different ionization density of nuclear recoils induced by WIMPs, and electronic recoils induced by β particles or g rays background source, leads to different ratio between both signals, in the liquid and in the gas phase, and is used to discriminate WIMPs from background. A good knowledge of the ionization signal is strongly required for such a detector. In this context, the XENON100 response to single electron charge signals is investigated. They correspond to very tiny signals emitted in the gas phase by one or few electrons extracted in time coincidence. Thanks to this analysis, an innovative method to establish the extraction yield of electrons from the liquid to the gas phase has been drawn, allowing to explore a key information to reject electronic recoils from nuclear ones
Godet, Sylvain. "Instrumentation de mesure sur puce pour systèmes autotestables. Application à la mesure de bruit de phase basée sur des résonnateurs BAW." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00509145.
Full textBlondel, Thibaut. "Traçage spatial et temporel des eaux souterraines dans les hydrosystèmes karstiques par les matières organiques dissoutes : expérimentation et application sur les sites du Laboratoire Souterrain à Bas Bruit (LSBB) de Rustrel – Pays d'Apt et de Fontaine de Vaucluse." Phd thesis, Avignon, 2008. https://theses.hal.science/tel-00684295.
Full textThe aim of this study is to develop, apply and validate new hydrogeological tracers, based on specific spectral fingerprints of Dissolved Organic Matter (DOM), and a monitoring of their evolution in Mediterranean karstic hydrosystems. Many hydrodynamic and hydrochemical analyses were made, and several DOM characterization methods were used. The basis of this work is therefore the study of different levels of Fontaine de Vaucluse experimental basin (soil, epikarst and unsaturated zone), thanks to a privileged access : the Low-Noise Underground Laboratory of Rustrel - Pays d’Apt (Vaucluse, France). Good hydrogeological tracers require specific characteristics (water solubility, stability, a low tendency to adsorption, a low detection limit and identifiable variations). Organic compounds, corresponding to these criterions at best, are lignin-derived compounds. Their different characteristics and their low concentrations in the hydrosystem drive us to use sensitive enough detection methods, such as fluorescence spectrometry and Electronic Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR). Linked application of EPR and spectrofluorimetric analyses of leachate soil and LSBB groundwater allow to develop two hydrogeological tracing protocols. The first one concerns the determination of upper soil zone, which belongs to monitoring flow catchment area. The second one, using the evolution and the dynamics of DOM in the hydrosystem, corresponds to the development of transit time qualitative tracers, which apply either in an event-driven way by the marking of specific period of their variations, or continuously allowing the monitoring of transit time variations. Finally, the comparison between the results obtained by these new organic tracers and by an isotopic tracer (18 Oxygen) allows to validate transit time calculations and prove their complementarity
Blondel, Thibaut. "Traçage spatial et temporel des eaux souterraines dans les hydrosystèmes karstiques par les matières organiques dissoutes : expérimentation et application sur les sites du Laboratoire Souterrain à Bas Bruit (LSBB) de Rustrel - Pays d'Apt et de Fontaine de Vaucluse." Phd thesis, Université d'Avignon, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00684295.
Full textPerineau, Aurore. "Caractérisation du fonctionnement de la zone non saturée des aquifères karstiques : Approche directe par études hydrodynamiques et hydrochimiques sur le Bassin de Recherche, d'Expérimentation et d'Observation de Fontaine de Vaucluse - Laboratoire Souterrain à Bas Bruit de Rustrel - Pays d'Apt." Phd thesis, Université d'Avignon, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00990290.
Full textBarbel-Périneau, Aurore. "Caractérisation du fonctionnement de la zone non saturée des aquifères karstiques : Approche directe par études hydrodynamiques et hydrochimiques sur le Bassin de Recherche, d'Expérimentation et d'Observation de Fontaine de Vaucluse – Laboratoire Souterrain à Bas Bruit de Rustrel – Pays d’Apt." Thesis, Avignon, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AVIG0046/document.
Full textThe first study of karst aquifers unsaturated zone (UZ) functioning, by direct access, was conducted on the experimental area of the Fontaine de Vaucluse, including the underground gallery of the LSBB. This gallery intersects arbitrarily, within the UZ, the karst network and flow paths. Observed flows are distributed throughout the gallery corresponding to different limestone thicknesses (30 to 514m). 45 flow points were observed and followed at least once. The hydrodynamic and hydrochemical monitoring over 8 years show that: (i) the flows spatial and temporal organisation is a function of depth and the fracturing density, (ii) the hydrodynamic and hydrochemical flows signatures are based on rainfall amount also as the initial state of the system (iii) in order to precise the conceptual model of karst aquifers is necessary to consider the nonlinearity of the hydrodynamic system’s responses.Three flow components are deduced: (i) a slow component, permanent, which is active regardless of hydrological conditions, and is characterized by significant residence time, (ii) a fast component, active only during strong recharge periods as marked by infiltration tracers. This component is characterized by low residence time and (iii) an intermediate component, highlighted by hysteretic behavior, as marked also by the infiltration tracers and is characterized by intermediate residence times. Considering the hysteresis phenomenon in UZ modeling by these direct observations confirms earlier conceptual models. The ultimate goal is to contribute to the development of a karst aquifer model, which could be transposed to other Mediterranean karst systems
Danion, Gwennaël. "Synthétiseur micro-onde à térahertz ultra-stable." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REN1S014/document.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is the optical synthesis of millimeter and submillimeter waves with a very low phase noise. The first part concerns the development of a dual-axis dual frequency laser, whose the two frequencies are tuneable independently and continuously on 1 THz. This laser is characterized in amplitude noise and phase noise. We have identified a coupling factor between the diode pump and the power fluctuations of the laser phase noise. In the second part, we report the development of an amplifier system which consists of an EDFA and a SOA per polarisation axis. This amplifier system delivers 17 dBm of power and reduces the relative intensity noise (RIN) by 20 dB on a 1 GHz bandwidth. This amplifier is also an actuator for the power stabilization to a RIN of the order of -150 dB/Hz from 3 Hz to 5 kHz. The last part concerns the setup of the cavity bench and the stabilization of the laser frequency on a ultrastable cavity. We obtain a phase noise at 10 kHz of frequency offset on a 10 GHz carrier better than the noise floor of a phase noise analyser with high performance of the order of -115 dBc/Hz. The system phase noise is independent of the beatnote frequency
Crouzet, Pierre-Elie. "Etude des proprietes d'un detecteur infrarouge H2RG pour l'optimisation d'un spectrographe embarque sur le satellite SNAP/JDEM." Phd thesis, Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille II, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00429721.
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