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Journal articles on the topic 'British Annexation'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 25 July 2024

Last updated: 19 July 2025

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1

Kumar, Ritik. "The Examination of Britain’s Annexation of Awadh Illustrates how Colonial Misinterpretation Validated Imperial Policies." Indian Journal of Social Science and Literature 4, no. 2 (2024): 19–22. https://doi.org/10.54105/ijssl.b1152.04021224.

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This paper examines the British annexation of Awadh (1856) through the framework of colonial misinterpretation, focusing on how the British applied the norm-deviation concept to justify their imperial policies. Drawing on Partha Chatterjee’s “Pedagogy of Violence,” the paper critiques how Nawab Wajid Ali Shah’s rule was mischaracterized as “deviant” due to its divergence from Western bureaucratic norms. This portrayal fueled British claims of misgovernance, leading to the annexation, which disregarded Awadh's indigenous political systems and cultural vitality. The annexation’s economic and soc

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Mengal, Saeeda. "Imperialist Annexation of Balochistan." Al-Burz 8, no. 1 (2016): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.54781/abz.v8i1.137.

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History testifies that the weaker States have always served as a buffer zone among formidable confronting States. The weaker States have been exploited to fulfil the vested interests of powerful nations. This Article investigates how & why Balochistan territory was used by the colonial power to halt the advancing Russia into the heart of Sub-continent. The colonial power the British used various tactics to hold its sway in Balochistan. The colonial power adopted policy of non-interference in Balochistan. However, the circumstances compelled the great British to annex Balochistan. Moreover,

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Ritik, Kumar. "The Examination of Britain's Annexation of Awadh Illustrates how Colonial Misinterpretation Validated Imperial Policies." Indian Journal of Social Science and Literature (IJSSL) 4, no. 2 (2024): 19–22. https://doi.org/10.54105/ijssl.B1152.04021224.

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<strong>Abstract:</strong> This paper examines the British annexation of Awadh (1856) through the framework of colonial misinterpretation, focusing on how the British applied the norm-deviation concept to justify their imperial policies. Drawing on Partha Chatterjee’s “Pedagogy of Violence,” the paper critiques how Nawab Wajid Ali Shah’s rule was mischaracterized as “deviant” due to its divergence from Western bureaucratic norms. This portrayal fueled British claims of misgovernance, leading to the annexation, which disregarded Awadh's indigenous political s

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Scoular, Spencer. "State-Sponsored Abduction to Enforce British Law for Aotearoa New Zealand Pre-Annexation." Victoria University of Wellington Law Review 54, no. 3 (2023): 739–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/vuwlr.v54i3.8789.

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Prior to the annexation of Aotearoa New Zealand in 1840, British authorities sponsored and practised the abduction of suspects from the islands of New Zealand to New South Wales and Van Diemen's Land, where they could be charged and tried before British courts for infringing laws for New Zealand passed by the British Parliament, as well as orders for New Zealand issued by governors of New South Wales. The sponsorship and practice of state-sponsored abduction occurred in two distinct periods: between 1814 and 1823, governors of New South Wales sponsored "magistrates" to practise abduction; and,

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Candier, Aurore. "Mapping ethnicity in nineteenth-century Burma: When ‘categories of people’ (lumyo) became ‘nations’." Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 50, no. 3 (2019): 347–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022463419000419.

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Successive wars and the establishment of a border between the kingdom of Burma and British India in the nineteenth century challenged Burmese conceptions of sovereignty and political space. This essay investigates how European, and more specifically Anglo-American, notions of race, nation, and consular protection to nationals, progressively informed the Burmese concepts of ‘categories of people’ (lumyo) and ‘subject’ (kyun). First, I present the semantic evolution of these concepts in the 1820s–1830s, following the annexation of the western Burmese province of Arakan by British India in 1824.

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Leśniewski, Michał. "The Annexation of the Transvaal in 1877: The First Boer Reactions." Werkwinkel 12, no. 1 (2017): 35–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/werk-2017-0003.

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Abstract In April 1877 The South African Republic was annexed by the British Empire. This was a part of a wider scheme to unify the sub-continent under the British rule. The story is well known. Many works deals with the motives of Lord Carnarvon and other British decision-makers. Much less deals with the question of immediate Boer reaction, or to be exact, the reasons behind their inaction. This article deals with this problem. Tries to evaluate the attitudes of both, the British and the Boers, and to show why the Transvaal Boers mostly ignored the annexation declaration? This text is just an

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Sang, Nguyen Van, Le Thanh Nam, and Luu Trang. "Independent or Annexation: The Texas Issue in the British-American Relations (1836 - 1846)." Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 10, no. 5 (2021): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.36941/ajis-2021-0134.

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This article presents the annexation of Texas in the relations between Great Britain and the United States from 1836 to 1846. The first part presents an overview of the territory, history of exploration and development of Texas from the early stages of history until the formation of the republic in 1836. The next section of the article refers to the interests of Great Britain and the United States in Texas. The final section provides the British-American diplomacy from 1836 to 1846 on the annexation of Texas. On the basis of the exploitation of correspondences, treaties and other material sour

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Wong, J. Y. "British Annexation of Sind in 1843: An Economic Perspective." Modern Asian Studies 31, no. 2 (1997): 225–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x00014293.

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Generally speaking, there are two dominant schools of thought with regard to the British annexation of Sind in the Indian sub-continent in 1843. One takes the view that individuals on the spot make history. It was a harsh, bitter and frustrated soldier by the name of General Sir Charles Napier who was determined to seek glory and wealth for himself by annexing Sind. In this respect, the eminent historian and former Special Commissioner for Sind (1943–46), H. T. Lambrick, has put his case extremely well. The other school interprets the annexation in strategic terms, as part of a search for a de

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Abbas, Nayyer, Nimra Nisar Cheema, and Wazir Ali. "<b>Role of Muslim Collaborators in Socio-Economic Transformation of District Gujrat During 1849-1947</b>." Journal of Political Stability Archive 3, no. 3 (2025): 22–31. https://doi.org/10.63468/jpsa.3.3.03.

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This article focuses on the role of Muslim collaborators in socio-economic and political transformation of district Gujrat under the British rule. It argues that the British government’s political control through ‘collaboration’ significantly influenced District Gujrat’s socio-economic transformation from 1849 to 1947. The cooperation of local elites was instrumental in strengthening the British control in Punjab. The case study draws on sources from Punjab Archives Lahore, district records, and official family documents. These sources highlight not only the significance of the District Gujrat

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Cross, Wallace. "The Politics of the British Annexation of India, 1757–1857." History: Reviews of New Books 23, no. 3 (1995): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03612759.1995.9951133.

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Roeckell, Lelia M. "Bonds over Bondage: British Opposition to the Annexation of Texas." Journal of the Early Republic 19, no. 2 (1999): 257. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3124954.

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Rugemer, Edward B. "Robert Monroe Harrison, British Abolition, Southern Anglophobia and Texas Annexation." Slavery & Abolition 28, no. 2 (2007): 169–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01440390701428006.

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Gross, Katherine Emma. "Cultural Clichés and the Cleo-Craze: How did Great Britain Use Propaganda Between 1882 and 1922 to Influence British Public Opinion to Support their Annexation of Egypt?" Interdependent: Journal of Undergraduate Research in Global Studies 5 (2024): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.33682/ade5-dnc4.

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The contemporary relationship between British politicians, their press, and the British public is rooted in a propaganda model established in the 19th century, after advances in printing technology coincided with the expansion of the empire and subsequent justifications for imperialism. This article examines the founding of this relationship, specifically in the case of the official British annexation of Egypt between 1882 and 1922, in an attempt to illuminate more generally colonial power dynamics and how the media's portrayal of history alters a public's conceptions of race. Thus, the relati

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Callahan, Michael D. "NOMANSLAND: The British Colonial Office and the League of Nations Mandate for German East Africa, 1916–1920." Albion 25, no. 3 (1993): 443–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4050877.

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One of the many problems facing the Paris Peace Conference in 1919 was the future of the conquered German and Turkish territories in Africa, the Pacific, and the Middle East. Widespread anti-imperialist sentiment in Europe and the United States opposed direct annexation of the possessions, but wartime agreements and the security interests of the Allies prevented returning the conquered areas to their former rulers. In particular, many British leaders wanted to ensure that Germany could never again attempt world domination and were convinced that the restoration to Germany of its overseas posse

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Thompson, Andrew. "Informal Empire? An Exploration in the History of Anglo-Argentine Relations, 1810–1914." Journal of Latin American Studies 24, no. 2 (1992): 419–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022216x00023440.

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Introduction: the genesis of ‘informal empire’In 1953 John Gallagher and Ronald Robinson published an article entitled ‘The Imperialism of Free Trade’, which has since become a landmark in the study of nineteenth-century British imperialism. Seeking to overturn long-cherished notions of a mid-Victorian ‘indifference’ and a late-Victorian ‘enthusiasm’ for empire, it proposed a basic continuity of policy whereby British industrialisation caused an ever-extending and intensifying development of overseas regions for both strategic and economic purposes. Hence the suggestion of a working definition

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Ian F. W., Beckett. "Indigenous resistance in the Anglo-Zulu War." Historical Encounters: A journal of historical consciousness, historical cultures, and history education 10, no. 2 (2023): 12–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.52289/hej10.202.

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The Anglo-Zulu War, one of the shortest of the Victorian (South Africa) ‘small wars’, saw the Zulus score a notable victory over the British army at Isandlwana in January 1879. This defeat resulted in the worst single day’s loss of life suffered by British troops between the battle of Waterloo in June 1815 and the opening campaigns of the Great War in August 1914. Within months, however, the traditional Zulu way of war had condemned them to tactical and strategic defeat. Their reliance upon close-quarter hand-to-hand combat even when confronted by superior British firepower cost them 6,000 dea

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Bandita Deka. "Assam as a New Economic Space: Colonial Annexation in the Region and its Implications." Space and Culture, India 8, no. 1 (2020): 208–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.20896/saci.v8i1.748.

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The current social and political processes of Assam in terms of demographic aspect and frontier area policies cannot be seen to be a development in isolation from British colonial policies. The entire system is linked to a historical process of ownership and inheritance. The British entry into the North-Eastern region of India, at the end of the Anglo-Burmese war, marked the beginning of colonial penetration with the consequence of unanticipated transformation of socio-economic and demographic profile in the region. The profound commercial significance of Assam explored by British colonialism

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Farram, Steven. "Jacobus Arnoldus Hazaart and the British interregnum in Netherlands Timor, 1812-1816." Bijdragen tot de taal-, land- en volkenkunde / Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences of Southeast Asia 163, no. 4 (2008): 455–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134379-90003691.

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The term ‘British interregnum’, in relation to Indonesia, refers to two short periods in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries when the British took control of most of the Netherlands Indies from the Dutch, only to hand it back a few years later. The British did this as a result of their wars with France. The first occupation occurred in 1795-1797 after a pro-France regime had been established in Holland. After peace was declared in 1802, the occupied territories were returned to the Dutch. Hostilities soon resumed, however, and with the annexation of Holland by the French in 1810

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Naveed Ali Shah, Ehtasham Ul Haq, and Abaid Ullah Anwar. "The British Diplomatic and Political Policy Regarding Balochistan-Punjab Border." Al-Qamar 6, no. 2 (2023): 53–62. https://doi.org/10.53762/rdvn8109.

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Subcontinent had always been an attractive land for the invaders due its fertility during ancient time and the North western India was major route for this invasion. British advancement started after the victory of the battle of Palsy in 1757 and the forces excelled towards Delhi. British forces occupied Sindh and Punjab. With the annexation of united Punjab British abolished Derajat and they even moved to Baluchistan. With new diplomatic strategy they established peace in the tribal area of the surrounding border of Balochistan. As per Sandeman Policy the tribes of Dera Ghazi Khan were engage

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Manglem Singh, Sapam, and Dr Nongthombam Sushil Kumar Singh. "Unwavering the Essence of Manipuri Women: The Movement of 1904 & 1939." International Journal of Advanced Multidisciplinary Research and Studies 5, no. 3 (2025): 864–66. https://doi.org/10.62225/2583049x.2025.5.3.4369.

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The Anglo-Manipur war of 1891 annexed Manipur kingdom to the British India. This annexation process led to the adoption of several new administrative norms in the state. However, the social and the economic life of the people were greatly affected by the new norms. In fact, it was considered as an evil act by the then population. Many anti-British agitations began to organise by common folks from time to time during the colonial period. From among such agitations two unique movements came forward in 1909 & 1939 that is led by women folks only. These movements stand out uniquely from the wo

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Wright, Ashley. "Opium in British Burma, 1826–1881." Contemporary Drug Problems 35, no. 4 (2008): 611–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009145090803500407.

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This article examines in detail the British opium industry in colonial Burma from the time of the annexation of Arakan and Tenasserim in 1826 to the publication of Chief Commissioner Charles Aitchison's 1881 memorandum on opium in Burma. It argues that while the profitability of the opium trade in Burma was an important factor in the decisions the colonial administration made regarding opium, it was not the only factor. From the earliest days of British administration in Tenasserim, different ethnic groups within Burma were treated differently with regards to opium use. There is evidence that

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Hussain, Ibrar, Wang Xingang, and Aroosa Fatima. "British Colonial Imperialism and Pashtun Resistance under Islamic Jihad: An Analysis of Umbeyla Campaign (1863)." Global Strategic & Securities Studies Review VII, no. I (2022): 47–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gsssr.2022(vii-i).05.

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This paper attempts to analyze the British Colonial Rule in the Indian North-West Frontier Region with respect to the Islamic Jihad led by Pashtuns tribes at Umbeyla (Buner) in 1863. The British annexation of this region resulted in bringing the Pashtoons into direct contact with their new master. Afterwards, the British launched almost sixty expeditions against the tribes of this region between 1849 to 1899. The Umbeyla campaign-in 1863 was one such expedition which showed British imperial design, the first ever large-scale confrontation between the two opponents in this region. Here, the Bri

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Weston, Daniel. "Gibraltar’s position in the Dynamic Model of Postcolonial English." English World-Wide 32, no. 3 (2011): 338–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/eww.32.3.04wes.

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This article examines the emergence of local identity and language use in the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar, from its annexation in 1704 to the present day. Contrary to popular opinion, it shows that the founding population of British Gibraltar was divided along racial and linguistic grounds, and only in the 19th century evolved into a cohesive Spanish-speaking community, before its subsequent development into the bilingual English- and Spanish-speaking society of the present day. Through the analysis of census data, reportage and colonial government records, the article shows that t

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Maxwell, Neville. "Why the Sino–Indian Border Dispute is Still Unresolved after 50 Years: A Recapitulation." China Report 47, no. 2 (2011): 71–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000944551104700202.

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In its dying days the British Empire in India launched an aggressive annexation of what it recognised to be legally Chinese territory. The government of independent India inherited that border dispute and intensified it, completing the annexation and ignoring China’s protests. The People’s Republic of China (PRC) government, acquiescing in the loss of territory, offered diplomatic legalisation of the new boundary India had imposed in its North-East but the Nehru government refused to negotiate. It then developed and advanced a claim to Chinese territory in the north-west, again refusing to sub

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Tauber, Eliezer. "The Struggle for Dayr Al-Zur: The Determination of Borders Between Syria and Iraq." International Journal of Middle East Studies 23, no. 3 (1991): 361–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743800056348.

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When World War I ended and the political map of the Middle East was redrawn, the ruler-straight borders separating the Fertile Crescent countries were not determined wholly in Europe, when the mandates were divided between Britain and France, as is commonly believed. The border between Syria and Iraq was determined between 1918 and 1920, when Iraqi officers serving in the Syrian army brought about the annexation of regions originally designated for British-occupied Iraq to Faysal 's Arab government in Syria.

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Stubbings, Matthew. "British Conservatism and the Indian Revolt: The Annexation of Awadh and the Consequences of Liberal Empire, 1856–1858." Journal of British Studies 55, no. 4 (2016): 728–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jbr.2016.73.

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AbstractThis article examines how the East India Company's 1856 annexation of the Indian Kingdom of Awadh informed British Conservative responses to the Indian Revolt in 1857 and 1858. Addressing scholarship on Britain's reaction to the revolt and political engagement with Indian empire, this study reveals that Conservatives interpreted this event with a veneration for locality and prescription. Criticism from company officials and Awadh's deposed royal family informed Conservative perceptions that British exploitation and westernization were responsible for military rebellion and popular uphe

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Lone, Stewart. "The Japanese Annexation of Korea 1910: The Failure of East Asian Co-Prosperity." Modern Asian Studies 25, no. 1 (1991): 143–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x00015870.

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While Britain was amassing the largest empire ever seen, her policy makers continued to believe that economic ties were a far more effective means of control than costly and provocative military domination. Fortunately for British empire-builders, the peoples they encountered were frequently divided amongst themselves, and lacked confidence in their ability to challenge British domination. This was not entirely the case with Japan's attempts to establish hegemony over Korea following the Russo-Japanese war (1904–05). Although there were serious political and regional divisions within Korea, th

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Pitts, Martin. "Re-thinking the Southern British Oppida : Networks, Kingdoms and Material Culture." European Journal of Archaeology 13, no. 1 (2010): 32–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1461957109355441.

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This article examines the role of a range of large settlements in late Iron Age and early Roman southern Britain (c.100 BC–AD 70) conventionally described as oppida. After reviewing current perspectives on the function and chronology of British oppida, new insights are provided through the statistical analysis of assemblages of brooches and imported ceramics at a broad sample of sites. Analysis of material culture reveals distinct similarities and differences between several groups of sites, often transcending regional traditions and supposed tribal boundaries. This patterning is primarily exp

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Haasbroek, D. J. P. "Potchefstroom en die Eerste Vryheidsoorlog 1880-81." New Contree 7 (July 12, 2024): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/nc.v7i0.825.

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At first the Transvaalers seemed to accept the British annexation of their country which took place in April 1877. However, there was an undercurrent of protest which within three years turned into definitive action when the Potchefstroomers clashed with the British authorities. Throughout the Transvaal the Boers had refused to pay taxes but it was in Potchefstroom that the issue culminated in direct conflict. What happened was that the British authorities took possession of a certain P.L. Bezuidenhout's oxwagon which they wanted to auction in an effort to raise the money needed for his outsta

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Kuzmenko, Eduard. "THE CRIMEAN ISSUE IN BRITISH-UKRAINIAN RELATIONS (FEBRUARY 2014 – FEBRUARY 2022)." European Historical Studies, no. 27 (2024): 54–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2524-048x.2024.27.5.

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The article analyses the issue of Crimea in bilateral relations between the United Kingdom and Ukraine in 2014–2022. It is noted that, on the one hand, the relevance, importance and interest in the issue are caused by the UK’s leadership in supporting Ukraine in the context of russia’s full-scale war against Ukraine. Thus, there is active economic, investment, political and other cooperation between the UK and Ukraine on a systematic and consistent basis. The United Kingdom, along with promoting and further strengthening its own brand, actively supports and lobbies for Ukraine’s position among

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Farrow, Lee A. "Grand Duke Alexis Visits Canada." Ontario History 106, no. 1 (2018): 34–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1050720ar.

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In 1871-1872, Grand Duke Alexis of Russia visited the United States and Canada over a period of three months, stopping in all the major cities of both countries and visiting sites like Niagara Falls. While in the United States, reception of the Duke was gushing and extravagant, his reception in Canada was much more subdued. While the extremely cold weather and the illness of the Prince of Wales explains some of this difference, it is also true that Canadians (and their British protectors) viewed the Russian-American friendship with trepidation and this influenced public reaction to the young R

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Jolly, Roslyn. "PIRACY, SLAVERY, AND THE IMAGINATION OF EMPIRE IN STEVENSON's PACIFIC FICTION." Victorian Literature and Culture 35, no. 1 (2007): 157–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1060150307051467.

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OFFICIALLY, BRITAIN WAS a reluctant coloniser in the Pacific. Unwilling to take on the expense and responsibility of colonial administration, or to interfere with the imperial ambitions of other European powers in the region, successive British governments in the nineteenth century turned down offers of protectorates and other opportunities to colonize Pacific lands. But the energies and ambitions of individual British subjects were not similarly constrained, and the many who went to the Pacific to evangelize, to plant, and to trade established a strong unofficial British presence in the regio

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Mengesha, Tedros Sium, and Mussie T. Tessema. "Eritrean Education System: A critical Analysis and Future Research Directions." International Journal of Education 11, no. 1 (2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ije.v11i1.14471.

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This paper critically discusses the Eritrean education system at different period of time: before the Italian colonization (before 1889), Italian colonialization (1889-1941), British Administration (1941-1952), Federation with Ethiopia (1952-1962), annexation of Eritrea by Ethiopia (1962-1961), after independence (after 1991). An important finding of the current study is that, education system is significantly influenced by the economic and political situation of a country in that when the economic and political situation of a country is not conducive, the education system suffers. This study

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Barrett, Noel D. "Norway and the ‘winning’ of Australian Antarctica." Polar Record 45, no. 4 (2009): 360–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247409008328.

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ABSTRACTEnquiries by Norwegian whalers precipitated the British annexation of the Falkland Island Dependencies and the Ross Dependency. Seeking territory free of British control, Lars Christensen's Norwegian whalers claimed Bouvet Island, which the British believed was theirs. Realisation of the economic value of whaling led Leopold Amery, of the British colonial office to develop Britain's Antarctic domination policy. In pursuit of this policy, the 1926 Imperial Conference formulated a process to claim a sector of Antarctica for Australia. A.G. Price's The Winning of Australian Antarctica des

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Cope, R. L. "Written in Characters of Blood? The Reign of King Cetshwayo Ka Mpande 1872–9." Journal of African History 36, no. 2 (1995): 247–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853700034137.

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Sir Bartle Frere, the British High Commissioner in South Africa 1877–80, depicted Cetshwayo ka Mpande, the Zulu king 1872–9, as a bloodthirsty monster. This article discusses the accuracy and justice of this depiction, and the nature of Zulu kingship. It shows that both Frere and the missionaries on whom he relied for evidence wished to bring the Zulu kingdom under British rule and thus had a strong motive for discrediting Cetshwayo. The fact that missionary testimony against Cetshwayo was particularly hostile and abundant at times when there seemed a real possibility of British annexation cas

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ANDERSON, CLARE. "The Transportation of Narain Sing: Punishment, Honour and Identity from the Anglo–Sikh Wars to the Great Revolt." Modern Asian Studies 44, no. 5 (2009): 1115–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x09990266.

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AbstractThis paper examines fragments from the life of Narain Sing as a means of exploring punishment, labour, society and social transformation in the aftermath of the Anglo–Sikh Wars (1845–1846, 1848–1849). Narain Sing was a famous military general who the British convicted of treason and sentenced to transportation overseas after the annexation of the Panjab in 1849. He was shipped as a convict to one of the East India Company's penal settlements in Burma where, in 1861, he was appointed head police constable of Moulmein. Narain Sing's experiences of military service, conviction, transporta

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WINFIELD, JORDAN CARLYLE. "Buddhism and Insurrection in Burma, 1886–1890." Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 20, no. 3 (2010): 345–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1356186310000076.

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AbstractThis article examines the significance of Buddhism in the insurgency that followed the annexation of the kingdom of Burma in 1886, demonstrating that Buddhism was a critically important part of the Burmese polity and identity. Moreover, it indicates that opposition to the British after the full colonisation of Burma was not only instantaneous, but also fuelled primarily by Buddhist sentiment. This challenges the prevailing notion that anti-colonialism in Burma – Buddhist-inspired or otherwise – was a twentieth century phenomenon. Beginning with the pre-colonial era, the article explore

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Ivey, Jacob. "‘Devote the best years of their lives’: British Solutions to Natal's Defence Concerns in Nineteenth-Century Southern Africa." Britain and the World 12, no. 1 (2019): 5–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/brw.2019.0310.

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The annexation and establishment of Natal as a British colony by 1845 was an event defined by conflict and concerns for security in British Southern Africa. The threat of invasion from the nearby Zulu kingdom or the possibility of an indigenous uprising continued to cast a shadow over the growth and expansion of the colony during the following decades. In response, those living within the colony offered multiple solutions, both actual and theoretical, related to the protection and stability of this emerging colonial state, including white volunteer corps, mounted police, and even indigenous le

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Desai, Manali. "Indirect British Rule, State Formation, and Welfarism in Kerala, India, 1860–1957." Social Science History 29, no. 3 (2005): 457–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200013018.

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This article examines the relationship between a strong nineteenth-century welfarist expansion between the 1860s and early 1940s, in Kerala, India, under indirect British rule, and the “exceptional” antipoverty regime that democratically elected Communists implemented during the postcolonial (post 1947) era in the state. While much attention has focused on Kerala as a model of social development and on postindependence state policies in creating it, no single work has attempted to understand the significance of its prior legacy of welfare. This article uses methods of comparative historical so

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Güçlü, Yücel. "Turco-British Rapprochement on the Eve of the Second World War." Belleten 65, no. 242 (2001): 257–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.37879/belleten.2001.257.

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The Italian invasion of Ethiopia in 1935 marked the beginning of a definite closeness in Turco-British relations, which were to undergo a long process of development. During the Ethiopian crisis, Turkey followed Britain in defence of the League of Nations Covenant. Firm co-operation between Turkey and Britain during the Montreux Straits Conference of 1936 further accelerated the pace of rapprochement. With King Edward VIII's visit to Turkey, just after the Montreux settlement, the mutual friendship took a step forward. At the Nyon Conference of 1937, Turkey supported Britain in its defence of

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Ahmed, Iyanda Kamoru, and Aisha Ibrahim Ningin. "History of Amalgamation of Northern and Southern Protectorates of Nigeria." Indonesian Journal of Education and Social Sciences 1, no. 1 (2022): 34–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.56916/ijess.v1i1.88.

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This paper discusses the History Of Amalgamation Of Northern And Southern Protectorates. This research work will be divided into various parts. Firstly, we shall start with preliminary definition of terms. According to Chambers Everyday Dictionary, Legal means “pertaining to”, according to law, “lawful”. Regime means administration amalgamation means “the blending of different things a close union”.1 According to Price, “colonies are territories which has been acquired by the Crown either by settlement, by cession, by purchase or by conquest, and were thus Crown property in which British autho

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Choudhury, Mohd Shakir Hussain, and Rupali Daulagajao. "Altered Terrain: Colonial Encroachment and Environmental Changes in Cachar, Assam." International Journal of Rural Development, Environment and Health Research 8, no. 2 (2024): 54–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijreh.8.2.6.

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The beginning of colonial policy in the area was signaled by the British annexation of the Cachar district in southern Assam in 1832. The region became an alluring investment opportunity for Europeans after British rule over Cachar, especially after the accidental discovery of wild tea in 1855. Within this historical context, this study explores three major stages that characterize the evolution of nature. First, it examines the distribution and growth of tea plantations, examining their size and rate of expansion. The second aspect of the study examines the consequences of land concessions, w

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Aye, Aye Mon. "Separation, Anti-Separation and U Ba Galay's Cartoons." Bago University Research Journal Vol.7, No.1, no. 2017 (2017): 73–80. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3905955.

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The art of cartoon occurred simultaneously with the journals and magazines in the world of journalism in Myanmar. The cartoons which were produced in 1915 were drawn by Shwe Talay (a) Cartoonist Saya U Ba Galay. After annexation of the whole of Myanmar the British Imperialists brought the administration of Myanmar under Indian Government and made Myanmar as one of the States of India. The whole Myanmar nationals wanted to be free from British Colonialism. But some people wanted to stay in unity with India, for the lime being because they considered, simply, the way how to combat which they tho

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Ahmad, Ishtiaq. "The Hindūstānī Mujāhidīn and the British from the Annexation of Punjab to the Frontier Uprising of 1897." Islamic Studies 63, no. 4 (2024): 509–33. https://doi.org/10.52541/isiri.v63i4.3238.

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Hindustani Mujahidin came to the Indian North-West Frontier with Sayyid Ahmad from Rayi Baraili. They, after the demise of their leader, were not powerful enough and hence became highly dependent on the local tribes. The local chiefs not only used them against each other but also made them party to their conflict with the colonial British. After the Ambilah (Ambelah/Ambela) expedition of 1863, the Hindustani Mujahidin faced the worst time of their stay in the Indian North-West frontier due to first, their enmity with the Akhūnd of Swat, and second, the strong colonial check on their supporters

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Malkin, Stanislav. "Small Wars of the Great Powers: Charles Edward Callwell and the Russian Empire in Comparative Perspective." Novaia i noveishaia istoriia, no. 2 (2023): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s013038640022926-6.

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In this article the author focuses on the semantic and substantive aspects of the colonial conflict analysis model presented in the work of the British Army Major General Charles Edward Collwell, “Small Wars: Their Principles and Practices”, which became the most notable British treatise on the subject at the turn of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. A distinctive feature of the work is the comparative approach to the analysis of the British colonial wars fought in the Victorian era. It is established that the Russian case (the annexation of Central Asia and the pacification of the North

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Okafor, Eddie E. "Francophone Catholic Achievements in Igboland, 1883-–1905." History in Africa 32 (2005): 307–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/hia.2005.0020.

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When the leading European powers were scrambling for political dominion in Africa, the greatest rival of France was Britain. The French Catholics were working side by side with their government to ensure that they would triumph in Africa beyond the boundaries of the territories already annexed by their country. Thus, even when the British sovereignty claim on Nigeria was endorsed by Europe during the Berlin Conference of 1884-85, the French Catholics did not concede defeat. They still hoped that in Nigeria they could supplant their religious rivals: the British Church Missionary Society (CMS)

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Doniger, Wendy. "Presidential Address: “I Have Scinde”: Flogging a Dead (White Male Orientalist) Horse." Journal of Asian Studies 58, no. 4 (1999): 940–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2658491.

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Let me begin with a story about General Sir Charles James Fox Napier, who was born in 1782 and in 1839 was made commander of Sind (or Scinde, as it was often spelled at that time, or Sindh), an area at the western tip of the Northwest quadrant of South Asia, directly above the Rann of Kutch and Gujurat; in 1947 it became part of Pakistan. In 1843, Napier maneuvered to provoke a resistance that he then crushed and used as a pretext to conquer the territory for the British Empire. The British press described this military operation at the time as “infamous” (the Whig Morning Chronicle, cited by

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SATTAR, Howra Abdul. "THE POSITION OF THE SOVIET UNION ON THE INDEPENDENCE OF KUWAIT IN 1961." Rimak International Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 4, no. 1 (2022): 60–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/2717-8293.15.5.

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Since the end of World War II, the Soviet Union has sought to find a foothold in the Middle East, as it was waiting for the opportunity to penetrate the Middle East, especially the Arab Gulf, which is of international strategic importance. The British were in the region, and at the same time, it did not want to disturb his relations with the United Arab Republic, which supported the independence of Kuwait and rejected Abdul Karim Qasim's position on Kuwait's annexation of Iraq. This research attempts to study the Soviet policy towards the independence of Kuwait and how the Soviet Union reconci

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Rafaat, Aram. "The shaky foundations of the 1926 annexation of Southern Kurdistan to Iraq." Kurdish Studies 6, no. 2 (2018): 197–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/ks.v6i2.457.

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Between 1921 and 1925, the Kurds of Southern Kurdistan participated in three main political ‎processes in Iraq. These processes were the election of Faisal Ibn Hussein as the King of Iraq ‎in 1921, the election of the Iraqi Constituent Assembly in 1924, and the Mosul Province ‎referendum organised by the League of Nations in 1925. The British used the Kurds’ ‎participation as a foundation for the annexation of Southern Kurdistan to Iraq. However, this ‎article argues that these three processes cannot be considered as legitimate foundations as the ‎majority of Kurds voted against these processe

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Khyzhnyak, I. "SYSTEM CONFRONTATION OF THE GLOBAL POLES OF POWER AND FACTOR OF RE-ACTION OF HISTORICAL RESULTS OF THE SECOND WORLD WAR." Problems of World History, no. 1 (March 24, 2016): 123–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.46869/2707-6776-2016-1-7.

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The publication contains the present day consideration of the new global world order general structure came up after well-known developments of the Dignity Revolution in Ukraine. There has been also revealed the controversial essence of the new phase of the international standoff between the systemic composing segment of the Transatlantic origin (EC states, the USA, British Common-wealth of Nations) and Ukraine in addition on the one hand, and Russia – on the other. It clearly shows the Russia’s policy of expansion: annexation of Crimea and unleashing war in Donbas region as well as to become

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