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1
Dunham, Jason Scott. "Gray whale prey and whale distributions in Clayoquot Sound, British Columbia, Canada (1996-1997)." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ37399.pdf.
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Robbins, Mark Alan. "Buyer behaviour in a regional thoroughbred yearling market, British Columbia, 1985-1997." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ37622.pdf.
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Stronen, Astrid Vik. "Habitat selection and calf survival in the Telkwa caribou herd, British Columbia, 1997-2000." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0034/MQ66939.pdf.
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Forbes, Lauren L. "Approaching the Unfamiliar: How the Religious Ways of Aboriginal Peoples Are Understood in Delgamuukw v. British Columbia (1997)." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/23495.
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This thesis will explore how the Supreme Court of Canada understands and frames the religious ways of the Gitksan and Wet’suwet’en First Nations peoples, in the case Delgamuukw v. British Columbia (1997). The case started as a land claims case but at the Supreme Court level it became about whether Aboriginal oral knowledge could be used as historical evidence in a Canadian court of law, in particular for this dispute, as an aid for First Nations peoples to establish title to their traditional territories. The Court decided that Aboriginal oral knowledge could be used as evidence. This thesis does five things: 1. It examines some of the tools that can be used to examine and evaluate how the religious ways of Aboriginal peoples are discussed in law in Canada. Here it focuses on using a broad understanding of religion as “lived” to understand religion. It also establishes a social-scientific method of discourse analysis, drawn from a number of sources, to evaluate legal documents. 2. This thesis explores the socio-legal context in Canada in which Aboriginal peoples and their claims need to be understood. Here the presence of European and Christian views that are still present in society and social institutions in Canada and the way they affect how Aboriginal religious ways are understood is determined. The characteristics of law that make it difficult for Aboriginal claims to be understood and handled adequately in court in Canada are also investigated. 3. The third aspect that this thesis focuses on the markers of the religious ways of Aboriginal peoples in the Delgamuukw case and how are they understood in the Canadian socio-legal context. Here there is discussion of oral knowledge, land, crests, feasting and totem poles and what each might mean for the Gitksan and Wet’suwet’en peoples and how the legal system might have trouble handling them. 4. Analysis of the Delgamuukw case is the fourth part of this thesis. How the law understands and frames the religious ways of the Gitksan and Wet’suwet’en peoples in the Delgamuukw case are investigated. It is determined that the Court downplayed the religious ways of Aboriginal peoples (by “writing out”, by using vague language to refer to it or by not mentioning it at all); it did not do justice to Aboriginal beliefs by labeling oral knowledge as “sacred”; the Delgamuukw decision fell short of really treating oral knowledge as equal to other forms of historical evidence by excluding oral knowledge with religious content; legal adjudicators made pronouncements on the religious uses of land for the Gitksan and Wet’suwet’en and finally; land was quantified, regulated and title was diminished by the ability for the court to infringe on it. What these actions by the Court suggested about how it understands religion and the religious ways of Aboriginal peoples where also contemplated. It was noted that the law characterized issues and used language in particular ways to avoid discussing religion, to discount it as evidence, and used a Christian understanding of religion to comprehend Aboriginal religious ways, which did not do justice to their beliefs. 5. The last part of this thesis questions whether there other ways in which the law, and the majority of non-Aboriginal peoples in Canada, could come to better understand and handle the religious ways of Aboriginal peoples than they did in the Delgamuukw case. It determines that there are a number of indications that suggest that this is possible including, the unique historical situation of Canada, the teaching and communication skills present in many Aboriginal communities, the space opened surrounding the inclusion of oral knowledge as evidence in law, increasing dialogue with Aboriginal communities, and the current revaluation of history. Nevertheless, there is also an ambivalence on behalf of the law regarding whether or not it will go in the direction that could view Aboriginal religious ways in alternative ways which could result in a better understanding these ways on their own terms. The thesis concludes that according to analysis of the Delgamuukw case, law has difficulty understanding and handling the religious ways of Aboriginal peoples in Canada.
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Jagpal, Sarjeet Singh. "An oral history of the Sikhs in British Columbia, 1920-1947." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/31522.
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This thesis recognizes the value of using a variety of perspectives to study the history of an ethnic minority group. The history of some groups is lacking in insider perspectives. I have attempted to add balance to the existing accounts by using an oral history approach to describe the experiences of the Sikhs living in British Columbia from 1920-1947.
I am an insider, a Sikh whose grandfather was one of the original pioneers who came in the first wave of immigration in the 1904-1908 time period. These people are no longer with us, but some of their wives and children are still available to share their history with future generations. I interviewed and recorded 24 individual histories. From these I have formed a composite picture of the Sikh community in British Columbia from 1920-1947.
Beginning with descriptions of social, political and cultural conditions in India and Canada at the time of arrival, we follow them through the important stages of their lives in their adopted land. They describe the journey over, settling in, adaptations, work, social life, the fight for rights, and the role of their temple and religion. We see the events and circumstances that eventually led to the Sikhs being able to call Canada their home. The many photographs, letters and documents give further insights into the lives of this distinctive group of Canadians.Education, Faculty of
Educational Studies (EDST), Department of
Graduate
6
Burkinshaw, Robert Kenneth. "Strangers and pilgrims in Lotus Land : conservative Protestantism in British Columbia, 1917-1981." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28631.
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This study examines the growth of conservative Protestantism, or evangelicalism, in British Columbia from 1917, the beginning of open conflict with theological liberalism, to 1981. The period witnessed the development of evangelical institutions from rudimentary beginnings before 1920 to the rise of a complex network by the 1970's. Numerically, conservative denominations in British Columbia countered a national trend and nearly doubled their proportion of the population from 1921 to 1981. Towards the end of the period, weekly attendance at conservative churches surpassed that in mainline Protestant denominations.
This study has a two-fold purpose. The narrative seeks to recount significant features of the denominational, institutional and numerical development of evangelicalism in British Columbia. At the same time, the crucial factors in its development will be analyzed, particularly those which explain its growth.
Explanations which focus exclusively on socio-economic factors or American influences are rejected. Both played significant roles but neither are able to fully explain the growth and other factors must be considered in addition to them. Four are identified as playing particularly significant roles: 1. a loyalty to values and emphases which appeared endangered by modernism; 2. patterns of immigration which added relatively large numbers of evangelicals who soon identified with the wider evangelicalism, 3. larger than average family sizes and high rates of retention of children within conservative churches and 4. institutional factors, particularly the strenuous efforts spent in establishing large numbers of new congregations throughout the province.
Common to all four factors is the sense shared by conservative Protestants that they were separate from the "world." Unlike religious liberals who sought to preserve Christianity by accommodating to modernism, conservatives were alienated by modernism and sought to preserve traditional evangelicalism in the face of massive cultural change. In British Columbia, which was characterized by an unusual degree of transiency, materialism and secularism, the conservative approach proved more successful. Neither branch of Protestantism grew as rapidly as the "no religion" segment of the population but, while mainline Protestantism declined proportionately, evangelicals evidenced a certainty and simplicity of conviction and action that appealed to an increasing minority of the population.Arts, Faculty of
History, Department of
Graduate
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Olson, Natalie. "Historical perspective of the British Columbia business education curriculum, 1875-1990." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/31249.
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This study describes the evolution of the British Columbia business education curriculum from 1875 to 1990. Since the 'official' curriculum document at any particular time represents the central focus of formal educational endeavours, it and related ensuing specific business subject curricula were the central objects of analysis for this study. The primary or "parent" document of the general curriculum for each important revision period was examined first for such clues as its language, purposes, aims, emphases and concerns gave to its philosophy and general orientation. Next, each of the commercial/business programmes that issued from that major revision was examined in order to determine its relationship to the "parent" document. Individual courses within the programmes were then analyzed. Finally, each curriculum was examined to ascertain its relationship with its social, economic, political and historical contexts.
Some important themes have emerged: a shift in the clientele for business education, a series of changes in the focus of the programme, and some related changes in the status of the field. The evolution of commercial education from a course of study for 'gentlemen' into one for an almost exclusively female clientele by mid-century, into one for both genders by 1990 greatly affected the contents and emphases of prescribed programmes. The contents and emphases of those prescribed programmes were also determined by the broader social, political and economic contexts in which they operated. During certain periods, the programme presented an image of business as "offic work", and thus utilitarian, functional, nonacademic, and of primary interest to female students. Emphasis on "entry-level" skills for office employment characterized the programme. At those times its prestige within the school subject hierarchy tended to be low. At other times business education was a more general course, theoretical, and fairly academic in nature, presenting a broad conception of the business world. In those periods business education included theories and practices related to owning, directing and conducting business as well as office skills and routines. During these times, business education enjoyed high status within the school subject hierarchy, and appealed to both male and female students. In addition, the status of business education depended on the attention it received from such influential entities as strong business interest groups, and the federal and provincial governments.
While more tentative than some of the other considerations the thesis does examine the interrelationships amongst such elements as curriculum, academic and nonacademic streaming, gender roles, employment training, and political and economic agendas of government. Although the exact impact that each had in determining business education curricula is not yet entirely clear, their central role in the process is made amply clear in this descriptive study.Education, Faculty of
Curriculum and Pedagogy (EDCP), Department of
Graduate
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Shaw, Nancy (Nancy Alison) 1962. "West coast style : modern homes and lifestyles in Canada, 1945-1995." Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=23242.
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In Canada, West Coast Style has come to be associated with domestic architecture and a relaxed, modern lifestyle characteristic of the region's exceptional geography and climate. My thesis is a study of how this cultural formation has been figured and refigured since the Second World War through a historical and discursive analysis of West Coast Style. This cultural study focuses on how the term West Coast Style circulates and shifts meaning in relationship to a variety of domestic architectures such as the suburban single-family dwelling and more urban types like the coop, condominium and high rise. In addition, I consider how West Coast Style has been configured in debates about architectural modernism and postmodernism, Canadian cultural nationalism, and in newly emerging civic, global, and transnational geo-political, economic and cultural networks.
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Cassidy, John Francis. "The 1918 and 1957 Vancouver Island earthquakes." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26183.
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The oceanic Juan de Fuca and Explorer plates are subducting beneath the continental America plate west of Vancouver Island. The Nootka fault zone, which separates these oceanic plates, experiences left-lateral shear due to the different rates of subduction for the Juan de Fuca (4 cm/yr) and the Explorer (<2 cm/yr) plates. Since 1918, six significant earthquakes (M= 5.3 - 7.2) have occurred in the region where the projection of this fault zone intersects central Vancouver Island. In this study two of the largest events are examined; the 1918 (Ms ≃ 7) and the 1957 (Ms ≃ 6) earthquakes. Prior to this research, no comprehensive studies of these events had been carried out. A total of 46 seismograms from 24 stations worldwide were obtained for the 1918 earthquake, and 138 seismograms from 46 stations were obtained for the 1957 earthquake.
The preferred epicentre for the 1918 earthquake is 49.47°N, 126.24°W, with an estimated uncertainty of ±30 km. The preferred focal depth of 15 km indicates that this was a crustal earthquake. Magnitude estimates are Ms = 6.9 ± 0.3, mb, = 7.2 ± 0.4 and MI = 7.0, in agreement with previous studies. Surface wave analysis suggests this is a predominantly strike-slip earthquake occurring along either a NNW or an ENE striking fault. A seismic moment of 7.40x10²⁵ dyne-cm and a stress drop of 122 bars, indicative of an intraplate event, are estimated.
The preferred epicentre for the 1957 earthquake is 49.65°N, 127.02°W with an uncertainty of ± 20 km. The estimated focal depth of 30 km suggests this event occurred in the subducting oceanic plate. Magnitude estimates are Ms = 5.9±0.2, rrif, = 6.3±0.3 and Mi = 5.7. Surface wave and P-nodal analyses indicate that this is a predominantly strike-slip earthquake; either dextral along a NNW striking fault, or sinistral along a ENE striking fault. The seismic moment is estimated to be 8.14x10²⁴ dyne-cm, and the stress drop to be 36 bars, which is indicative of an interplate event.
The quality of these data does not allow for an unambiguous interpretation of these earthquakes in terms of seismotectonic models. However, the results of this study indicate
that these earthquakes do not have normal or thrust mechanisms. The 1918 earthquake appears to be a crustal, intraplate event resulting indirectly from the complicated
interaction of the Explorer, Juan de Fuca and America plates. The preferred epicentre, depth and stress drop for the 1957 earthquake are consistent with left-lateral motion between the Juan de Fuca and Explorer plates along the Nootka fault zone where it is being subducted beneath Vancouver Island. Uncertainties in the above parameters however, do not rule out the possibility of this being a crustal earthquake along a NW striking fault.Science, Faculty of
Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Department of
Graduate
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Milham, Lynda L. "Lessons never learned, health education in British Columbia, 1875-1998." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ37592.pdf.
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Thompson, Gail Patricia. "The private practice of social work : Vancouver, B.C., 1987." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/27714.
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The private practice of social work has been either central or tangential to many historical and contemporary social work issues. Over the years it has been inherent in debates and discussions on professionalism, cause versus function (or macro versus micro), public versus private (or privatization), elitism, control of title, registration or licensing and vendorship (or third-party payments).
Private practice has been debated and discussed at two different levels. Historically, it was mainly debated at a higher level—the level of ideologies and philosophies which reflected various deeply held value posititions. More recently a superficial shift has occurred that has moved the debate to a lower level and has focussed the discussions on descriptions of the characteristics of private practice. These descriptions are sometimes contradictory, sometimes inconclusive, and almost always, originate from the United States. Nonetheless, they too are used as arguments both against and in support of private practice.
On the higher level, this paper researched private practice in the context of its relationship to professionalism and theories of professionalization.
On the lower level, through a self-administered mailed questionnaire, private practitioners in Greater Vancouver were surveyed in order to obtain an accurate and current, description of private practice within the defined geographical area. Many of the descriptions reported in the private practice literature were supported by this sample and others were not.
Due to the developing leadership role of professionals within society, professionalization was determined to be beneficial to the profession. Private practice was found to be the delivery model most consistent with early criteria of professionalization. However, recent authors (Austin, 1983; Popple, 1985) have rejected some of the criteria previously asserted as needing to be fulfilled in order to attain professional status. It was therefore concluded that while private practice historically advanced the professionalization of social work, the continuance or the expansion of private practice is not necessary in order to either attain further professional status or to retain that which has already been achieved.Arts, Faculty of
Social Work, School of
Graduate
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Yu, Ya-Wen. "Mortality among British Columbians testing for hepatitis C antibody, 1992-2004." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/30505.
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Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major preventable and treatable cause of morbidity and mortality. The ability to link records between population-based centralized laboratory HCV testing data and administrative databases has provided a unique opportunity to compare mortality and morbidity between HCV seronegative and seropositive individuals. Through the use of laboratory testing patterns and results, this study attempts to differentiate the viral effects of mortality due to HCV infection from risk behaviours/activities that are associated with acquisition of HCV infection.
Methods: Serological testing data at the British Columbia (BC) Centre for Disease Control from 1992-2004 were linked to the death registry at the BC Vital Statistics Agency. Four groups of HCV testers were defined by their HCV antibody (anti-HCV) testing patterns: single non-reactive (SNR); serial multiple tested non-reactive (MNR); reactive at initial testing (REAC); and seroconverter (previously seronegative followed by reactive, a marker for incident infection) (SERO). Standardized mortality ratios were generated to compare all-cause and disease specific mortality with the BC population. Time-dependent Cox proportional hazard regression was used to compare hazard ratios among HCV serological groups.
Results: Anti-HCV testers were found to have higher mortality than the BC population. Referent to the SNR group, the REAC group had higher risks for liver-related mortality (hazard ratio (HR): 9.71, 95% confidence interval (CI): 8.62-10.87) and drug-related mortality (HR: 13.51, 95% CI: 11.63-15.63). When compared to the REAC group, the SERO group had a lower risk for liver-related mortality (HR: 0.53, 95% CI: 0.24-0.92), but a higher risk for drug-related mortality (HR: 1.60, 95% CI: 1.20-2.08).
Conclusions: These findings confirm that anti-HCV positive testers have increased mortality due to chronic infection related to progressive liver disease, and that a substantial proportion of the mortality is attributable to drug use and risk behaviours/activities associated with HCV acquisition. Mortality reduction in HCV infected individuals will require comprehensive prevention programming to reduce the impact of mental health and problematic substance use behaviours/activities which relate to HCV acquisition, as well as HCV treatment to prevent progression of chronic liver disease.
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Griffin, Robert Brian. "Success and failure in British Columbia's softwood plywood industry, 1913 to 1999." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ47291.pdf.
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Mahony, Ben David, and University of Lethbridge Faculty of Arts and Science. ""Disinformation and smear" : the use of state propaganda and mulitary force to suppress aboriginal title at the 1995 Gustafsen Lake standoff." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Faculty of Arts and Science, 2001, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/189.
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In the summer of 1995, eighteen protesters came into armed conflict with over 400 RCMP officers and soldiers in central British Columbia. The conflict escalated into one of the costliest police operations in Canadian history. Many accounts of Aboriginal aggression provided by the RCMP are not consistent with evidence disclosed at the trial of the protesters. Moreover, the substance of the legal arguments at the heart of the Ts' Peten Defenders' resistance received little attention or serous analysis by state officials, police or the media. The RCMP constructed the Ts' Peten Defenders as terrorists and downplayed the use of state force that included military weaponry, land explosives and police snipers, who received orders to shoot to kill. Serious questions remain about the role of the RCMP, who acted as the enforement arm of state policies designed to constrain the effort to internationalize the Aboriginal title question.iii, 225, [44] leaves : ill. ; 28 cm.
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Urquhart, Ian Thomas. "Interdependence, state competition, and national policy : regulating the British Columbia and Washington Pacific salmon fisheries, 1957-1984." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/27555.
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This study explores the politics of regulating the British Columbia and Washington commercial salmon fisheries between 1937 and 1984. The principal focus of this comparative-historical study is upon one particularly striking exception to the tendency of regulators to tighten commercial salmon fishing restrictions over time - the persistence of liberal offshore trolling regulations. The dissertation argues that the anomalous treatment of the offshore troll fishery during this period may be ascribed to the competition between states for the right to harvest salmon - a common property resource.
In making this claim, the study questions the adequacy of the interest-group driven explanations of policy which figure prominently in the literature on regulation. Two pillars of interest group theory, the tendencies to explain national policy only through reference to domestic politics and to reduce state behaviour to little more than the product of the demands of private sector interests, are challenged in this comparative case study.
The challenge to the first tendency of interest group theory is sustained by examining the relations between national regulatory preferences and the foreign fishery policy goals of Canada and the United States. The pursuit of two goals - Asian exclusion and North American equity - in bilateral and multilateral negotiations demanded the adoption of particular regulatory profiles. Liberal offshore troll regulations may be explained according to the legitimacy and bargaining advantages they lent to Canadian and American efforts to incorporate these two goals into modifications to the traditional fishery regime.
The study also suggests that, in a setting characterized by intergovernmental competition, regulatory policies may not always be equated with the preferences of interested private parties. In this setting the state's ability or willingness to respond to even the most influential private sector interests may be limited by the state's evaluation of its bargaining resources and requirements. State competition created a context where government attitudes towards offshore salmon fishing could be understood in terms of state preferences, preferences derived from officials' perceptions of the legitimacy of various national regulatory policies in the context of valued international institutions.
While state competition is the centrepiece of the explanation of national fishery policy developed in this study its explanatory power is mediated by two intervening institutional variables - the capacities of states to formulate and implement policies and the structure of the international regime itself. The level of knowledge regarding the salmon resource played an instrumental role in the formulation of regime goals and of pertinent national policies. The extent to which state management in offshore waters was fragmented between different bureaus affected the ability of officials to adopt national policies which suited their international purposes. The redistribution of the American state's fishery management capacity in the 1970s was a catalyst for the severe restrictions visited upon Washington trailers at that time.
A second institutional factor, the structure of the international fishery regime, also mediated the competition between states. The series of reciprocal fishing privileges agreements between Canada and the United States was particularly important in maintaining established offshore regulatory preferences during the 1970s when the clash between American and Canadian salmon fishery perspectives was intensifying.Arts, Faculty of
Political Science, Department of
Graduate
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Wagner, William Leroy. "Excising the common wealth?, a study of public sector intervention in the British Columbia forest sector, 1980-1996." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ58587.pdf.
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Hovis, Logan W. "Technological change and mining labour : copper mining and milling operations at the Britannia mines, British Columbia, 1898-1937." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26539.
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Most recent studies of the relationship between technological change and mining labour in the western metal-mining regions of North America have concentrated on the impact of the mechanization of the industry that took place during the second half of the nineteenth century. The distinct impression is left that the increased use of machinery — especially the machine drill — was the chief factor in reducing the skill levels associated with mining as a craft tradition. Preoccupation with machinery has led to the assumption that by the beginning of the twentieth century the transformation to modern forms of mining was essentially complete and the traditional miner an anachronism.
Mining as practiced prior to 1900 differed qualitatively and quantitatively from the subsequent period of "modern mining;" but the introduction of machinery per se was less important to the reorganization of the patterns of work in the mines than the redesigning of the engineering systems in which workers and machines were employed — a process which gained its full momentum in the decades after 1900. This transformation involved the gradual abandonment of low-volume, high-value, selective mining methods in favour of higher volume, non-selective methods which emphasised the quantity rather than the quality of the ore mined. The change redefined the nature of work in and around the mines, putting an end to a tradition of mining practice that was at least as old as the methods described in Agricola's De Re Metalica, something the initial mechanization of mining had never been intended to accomplish.
Under selective mining practices, machinery was used to assist the skilled miner in his traditional task. Under non-selective or mass mining techniques, a new generation of engineers trained in the applied sciences redefined the miner's work as solutions were sought to the problems of an increasingly complex geology in a climate of rapid economic expansion, chronic over-production, generally declining metal prices, and ever increasing production costs. The efforts and successes of these engineers were amply demonstrated in the fields of mining, metallurgical, and human engineering. The impact of the change is evident in varying degrees throughout the metal-mining community; but by focusing on copper mining — the technological leader from 1900 to 1930 — the full impact of the industrial sciences on mine labour is evident.Arts, Faculty of
History, Department of
Graduate
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Covington, Patricia. "The information seeking patterns of dental hygienists in northern British Columbia and their response to the 1993 fluoride guidelines." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ62470.pdf.
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Funk, James Anthony (Tony). "Discipling believers to accept and embrace diversity in worship a study of the congregational singing of the British Columbia Mennonite Brethren Conference, 1990 /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1993. http://www.tren.com.
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Rogers, Anthony William. "W.P. Weston, educator and artist : the development of British ideas in the art curriculum of B.C. public schools." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/27519.
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Using the biographical approach, this thesis examines the transfer of British art education methodology to B.C. schools. Early chapters make a close study of the school art curriculum in Britain and its comprehensive restructuring between 1890 and 1910. Later chapters analyse the transfer of these British ideas to B.C., showing how they eventually formed the basis of the British Columbia art curriculum.
As a British immigrant in 1909, William Percy Weston belonged to the dominant ethnic and cultural group then settling in B.C.. With British training and teaching experience, he brought with him the belief, fundamental to British art education, that natural form was the basis of design and beauty. Never abandoning this notion, he spread his ideas well beyond the Provincial Normal School, where he was Art Master from 1914 to 1946. Apart from playing a major role in the art training of teachers he was largely responsible for writing the official provincial art text in 1924 and completely responsible for its 1933 revision. He dominated the 1936 rewriting of elementary and secondary art programmes which became a part of the province's complete overhaul of curricula.
Weston also became a prominent artist. Among the first to develop a new vision of the western Canadian landscape, he was an important member of the local artistic community. He finally received national recognition, becoming a charter member of the Canadian Group of Painters in 1933 and the first B.C. Associate of the Royal Canadian Academy in 1936. Throughout the nineteen-thirties he exhibited extensively in national exhibitions and his work was chosen to represent Canada abroad.
This thesis shows how British educational ideas were sustained in B.C. by the predominantly British educational establishment long after they were rejected in Britain. Investigating reasons, often unforeseen, for curricular change, the thesis raises important questions about the inadequacy of much curriculum history with its emphasis on official policy and disregard for classroom practice.
In elucidating Weston's thought and practice contextually, the thesis points out the conditions which allowed Weston to have such wide influence, contrasting his educational conservatism with his artistic experimentation. Furthermore, it offers an explanation for the way in which school art education policy developed in B.C. and underscores the complex of reasons which encourages, or impedes, change in educational practice. Although ultimately Weston's predominance may have held up educational change in art within the province, he nevertheless brought a coherent and plausible philosophy of art education to B.C. schools, one that served the province well for three or more decades. His enthusiastic and able championing of that philosophy did much to encourage teaching of the subject.Education, Faculty of
Educational Studies (EDST), Department of
Graduate
21
Warcup, Margaret K. "Regulation of health professions, the regulation of the physiotherapy profession in British Columbia and the changes in regulatory policy implemented with the Health Professions Act (1996)." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/MQ62543.pdf.
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Clark, Allison Sandra. ""That time of the month" : the history of PMS research in Vancouver 1983-1997." Thesis, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/10251.
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This thesis examines how the women's movement of the 1960s and 1970s influenced
scholarship in the social sciences, and how the feminism growing out of this movement affected
premenstrual syndrome (PMS) research. Since the 1980s social science paradigms guiding P M S
research have begun to consider how biology and the environment mutually influence one another
to produce premenstrual changes. The work examined in this thesis uses feminism to challenge
traditional scientific approaches to PMS, including claims o f "objectivity," negative evaluations of
menstrual changes in women, the claim that women experience natural cycles and men do not, and
the belief that the expression of anger contradicts the feminine role.
The research herein is based on all psychology research on PMS produced in the greater
Vancouver area during the 1980s and 1990s. The knowledge that has been constructed about PMS
through social sciences research also contributes to a common narrative about gender. This narrative
holds that femininity and masculinity are not only linked to concepts of biological sex but also to
concepts of culture that are heavily influenced by power relationships. The research examined here
contributes to this narrative by challenging traditional theories about women's nature and by
implementing research methods that add to our understanding of the way that cultural values
influence research and knowledge production. The image of women as passive victims of "that time
of the month" has been called into question by an image o f women that takes society and culture into
account when explaining "women's nature."
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Song, Marc. "The Vancouver Korean community : reestablishing status within the Canadian context, 1965-1997." Thesis, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/6362.
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This thesis examines the social history of the Vancouver Korean community from
1965 to 1997. Within the Canadian context, first generation immigrant Koreans have
experienced two key phenomena which have challenged their social status and made for a
unique immigrant experience in Canada. First, there has been a negative estimation of
Korean cultural merit by the host society. Second, first generation Koreans were highly
educated professionals who could not find employment commensurate with their
educational and professional backgrounds. Prestige is extremely important for all
individuals and groups. In light of the two challenges of cultural devaluation and
downward occupational adjustment, the question that this thesis investigates is how
Vancouver Koreans have historically reestablished lost prestige within their own
community. It is concluded that immigrant generation Koreans have contested for
personal status in two ways: by promoting Korean cultural heritage and by pursuing
positions of authority within the structure of the Korean community.
24
Larcombe, Andrew. ""It was like the gauntlet was thrown down" : the No! to APEC story." Thesis, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/10283.
Full textAbstract:
Ad hoc social movement coalitions are made up of diverse groups that come
together to maximise the use of limited resources. Once formed, they face a dilemma.
Coalition logic holds that given the limited time frame and instrumental objectives of
the organisation, resources should be disproportionately invested in the visible sphere of
action. However, this instrumental emphasis ignores the need to invest resources in the
'submerged' sphere of membership intercommunication. As a result tensions which
have their root in divergent ideologies, traditions and histories of resistance can threaten
the coalition's collective identity.
This thesis is about one such organisation, the No! To APEC (NTA) coalition,
one of three groups that made up the movement to oppose the APEC Economic
Leader's Meeting in Vancouver held in November 1997. NTA, made up of small leftwing
grassroots groups, built a campaign around resistance to "imperialist
globalisation." It organised community education, an international conference and a
march and rally. Although it succeeded in meeting its objectives, a fracture occurred
between the largest and most consolidated member group and the other unconsolidated
grouping made up of individuals and representatives of small organisations. The
fracture caused a disconnection between the local and the international priorities set by
the organisation at its outset. In this study I examine the process that led to this
outcome. In particular I identify the importance of establishing a capacity for
reflexively monitoring the actions and interactions of members. While consensus is not
a pre-requisite for solidarity, disputes arising from different perspectives and
membership tactics may jeopardise organisational unity. Providing a limited space for
evaluating conflicting validity claims and organisational dynamics may help to preserve
unity during the active phase of a coalition's mobilisation. The methods used to obtain
data for this study were participant observation and interviewing. I spent six months as
an activist-researcher with the coalition and I interviewed activists from the three main
APEC opposition groups.
Although the main focus of this study is on the political and organisational
evolution of the NTA coalition, I broaden the discussion to argue that ad hoc coalitions
play an important role in generating 'social capital' or 'social movement connectivity.'
Social solidarity generated in the course of short-term political action increases the
potential for further action mobilisation in social movement networks and communities.
In the final part of the thesis I review literature on globalisation and social movements.
Combined with what has been learned about coalitions in the previous chapters, this
exercise provides a context for examining the APEC opposition movement and, by
extension, the prospects for building transnational movements and a counter-hegemonic
historical bloc against imperialist globalisation.
25
Chan, Shelly. "War and the crystallization of a double identity : Vancouver’s Chinese community, 1937-1947." Thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/14996.
Full textAbstract:
From feeling neither entirely "Chinese" nor "Canadian," Vancouver's Chinese
weathered the hard times of racism and economic depression and found themselves
embracing a new identity that was both "Chinese" and "Canadian" during the deeply
intense period of Japan's invasion of China and later the Second World War. This
paper argues that Vancouver's Chinatown was a transnational community whose
existence and vitality were not only predicated upon the strength of its internal
organizations but also upon its trans-Pacific linkages and movements. It also argues
that wartime social and cultural changes led to the first creation of "Chinese
Canadians," a double identity that had been born long before the official introduction
of Canada's multicultural policy. The two generations of immigrants and
Canadian-borns also became welded together during the war, actively supporting
China's and Canada's war effort. Finally, this essay closes by highlighting the
"double-edged" blessing of a double identity under the effects of local and global
historical processes, which were mirrored in the wartime stigmatization of Japanese
Canadians, the destruction of the Sing Kew Theatre and the postwar dwindling of
trans-Pacific ties with the onset of the Cold War and Maoist socialism in China. '
26
Ogilvie, Gina Suzanne. "Trends in care for HIV positive pregnant women in British Columbia, 1994-1999." Thesis, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/11850.
Full textAbstract:
Background: With the increasing prevalence of HIV in Canadian women of child
bearing age, there is an attendant risk for increased perinatal HIV transmission. Use of
combination antiretroviral therapy in the HIV positive pregnancy, coupled with AZT
during labour and for the infant can significantly decrease risk of perinatal HIV
transmission to less than five percent. There is a need to establish i f Canadian HIV
positive pregnant women are receiving this intervention, and i f this has lead to a decrease
in perinatal HIV transmission in the Canadian setting. It is also important to establish i f
use of these medications in the antepartum period has any negative consequences on the
developing fetus.
Methods: This study used data gathered both retrospectively and prospectively from the
Oak Tree Clinic, the provincial centre providing clinical care for HIV positive pregnant
women in British Columbia. Care that HIV positive maternal infant pairs received
between January 1994 and December 1999 was evaluated. Chi square tests were
conducted to compare event rates between cohorts, and odds ratios with confidence
intervals were conducted to provide a measure of the strength of association between two
variables. A p value of 0.05 was considered statistically significant, and all reported p
values are two sided.
Results: One hundred and forty five HIV positive pregnancies were evaluated at Oak
Tree Clinic. Ninety-nine HIV positive women gave birth to 116 infants. Sixty five
maternal infant pairs received some type of antiretroviral treatment during pregnancy.
Twenty four pairs received combination antiretroviral therapy, twelve received dual
therapy and twenty nine received AZT monotherapy. Eighteen infants contracted HIV,
for an overall transmission rate of 15.5%. There has been a significant increase in the use
of combination treatment in pregnancy since 1996 (38.3% vs 75%; OR 6.37; 95% CI 2.4
-17.1) and a reduction in the perinatal transmission rate in the same time period (25% vs
5.4%, OR 5.9; 95% CI 1.6-21.6). In this study, no specific treatment regimen was linked
consistently with any adverse effects in the pregnancy or in the infant.
Conclusion: In one Canadian province, there has been a significant increase in the use of
combination antiretroviral treatment for HIV positive maternal infant pairs. This has lead
to a reduction in the perinatal transmission of HIV.
27
Gait, Jennifer Mary. "Coronary revascularization in British Columbia, 1979-1988." Thesis, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/1661.
Full textAbstract:
Since the introduction of coronary artery bypass surgery (CABS) in the late sixties, the increase in the incidence rates has aroused controversy in the literature. Recent studies in the United States and Canada have documented both large rate increases in the elderly and geographic variations in incidence rates. This study was undertaken to discover whether similar patterns exist in British Columbia.
Data from the British Columbia Hospital Morbidity Database, for fiscal years1979 through 1988, were used to calculate age-sex adjusted small-area incidence rates based on the school district of residence. Results showed a 1.2 fold increase in overall annual rate with a two-fold increase in the elderly. The greatest increase, almost nine-fold, was seen in the population aged 75 and over. In addition, the percentage of patients with either diabetes or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease increased from three to twelve percent of annual cases.
Over the study period, extreme variability in annual rates was seen both within and among school districts. Within school districts, most variability was seen in districts with populations below 10,000. Poisson regression (which weighted school districts according to population size) showed that variation among school districts was highly significant (p<0.0001).
In an attempt to explain the variation in small area rates, the CABS rates for each school district from 1983 to 1988 were regressed on six ecological variables (distance from cardiologist, distance from internist, distance from centre, income, employment rate and graduation rate) with year and year-squared forced in. Income, distance from cardiologist, distance from centre and their first-order interactions were found to be important explanatory variables (R² = 0.21). While income and distance from cardiologist had a negative effect on the CABS rate, distance from centre had a surprising positive effect, which did not appear to be accounted for by colinearity with distance from cardiologist.
The model was then refitted, using the CABS rate adjusted for morbidity in the school districts as the dependent variable. In this model distance from cardiologist and income changed in relative importance, and distance from centre and the interaction between variables were no longer important (R² = 0.30). Refitting this model to account for mobility to Alberta showed that distance from cardiologist and income explained more of the variation in rates (R² = 0.34).
The presence of small-area variations in CABS rates, together with differences between centres in the number and type of procedures performed, suggest that there are inequities in cardiac care within B.C. These inequities appear to arise from complex relationships between distance from services and morbidity rates and average income in the school district of residence. In addition, it appears that the surgical centre referred to may also contribute to the variation in small-area rates, although this was not tested. It is clear that inequities in cardiac care cannot be redressed by simple solutions. Policy implications and suggestions for further research are discussed.
28
Raymond, Colette. "Statin utilization in British Columbia." 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/20405.
Full text
29
Mason, Judy Lee. "The social construction of welfare fraud : the impact on front-line workers and welfare recipients in British Columbia (1993-1996)." Thesis, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/6545.
Full textAbstract:
This study is centered around examining the impact that the recent welfare reform
has had on front-line workers in the welfare bureaucracy and the clients of the welfare
system. In 1993 the government in British Columbia began implementing sweeping policy
and procedural changes that altered the way in which welfare services were provided and
limited the services available to the poor. The impetus for these changes is situated in the
widespread media coverage of welfare fraud and abuse throughout 1993 and 1994. The
media, by targeting certain sub-groups of the welfare client population, was able to
substantiate their claim that the welfare system was not only being undermined but that
it was also operating on the basis of policies that were flawed and therefore easily abused.
This study begins with a presentation of the policy and procedural changes that have
occurred within the Ministry of Social Services in British Columbia from 1993 to 1996. The
second section of this study examines the media's response to the "welfare fraud crisis" and
the way in which a moral panic was created around the "problem" of welfare fraud. This
analysis draws upon moral panic and social constructionist theory to examine not only the
media's presentation of the "crisis" but also the government's response to the public
concern that had been generated. The final section of this study presents a discussion of
the front-line worker's response to the changes that have taken place within the Ministry of
Social Services over the last four years. The analysis is centered around examining how
these front-line government workers cope with the restrictive and regulatory policies they
are responsible for enforcing. The study concludes with suggestion for further research on
this topic.
30
Farough, D. "Professional autonomy and resistance : medical politics in British Columbia, 1964-1993." Thesis, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/6625.
Full textAbstract:
The issues surrounding health care and health care policy are of great concern to
politicians and the public alike. Government efforts in restructuring medicare, the "jewel" of
Canada's social safety net, also affects the medical profession. It has been argued that this once
powerful and dominant profession is experiencing a decline in its powers and authority. Is this
decline inevitable or can the medical profession adapt to government reforms in such way as to
maintain and even strengthen its power base?
This dissertation examines the themes of professional autonomy and professional
resistance. The changing composition, and possibly the decline, of the medical profession's
clinical, economic, and political autonomy, is analyzed through an historical case study of the
British Columbia Medical Association (BCMA). Minutes from the BCMA's Board of Directors
and Executive, along with interviews with doctors active in BCMA politics, and a media review,
are used to generate a portrait of the social forces influencing medical politics in British
Columbia from 1964 to 1993 and of the BCMA's relations with the various provincial
governments of that period.
The negotiating strategies of the BCMA and the decisions behind these strategies are the
focal point for an examination of professional resistance, an area neglected in sociology. The
dissertation looks at the external and internal conflicts that impact on the resistance tactics of the
BCMA and at the various successes and defeats the medical profession experiences in its bid to
maintain professional autonomy.
During the time period under study, government intervention becomes more frequent and
invasive. The BCMA has the least success in protecting the political dimension of professional
autonomy and most success in controlling aspects of clinical autonomy. The vast variety of
resistance strategies at its disposal distinguishes it from labour groups and most other professions.
Forced to accept measures it once fought against, the BCMA's efforts become focused on
ensuring that reform measures are under the control of doctors (rather than government) to the
greatest extent possible. Although the BCMA has lost aspects of professional autonomy, it
remains one of the few professional organizations today that can force compromise from the
state.
31
McMillan, Robert Edward. "The conflict over animal experimentation in Vancouver, 1950-1990." Thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/15779.
Full textAbstract:
Since before the opening of the University of British Columbia medical school in
1950, a group of Vancouver citizens has contested the use of laboratory animals by local
scientists. The resulting debate has consistently centered around questions of the cruelty
and scientific value of animal experimentation. Although antivivisectionists received
little coverage in Vancouver's decidedly pro-vivisectionist mainstream press between
1950 and 1980, they nevertheless caused Vancouver researchers to employ a number of
tactics to foster a positive image of their animal care practices during this period. By the
early 1980s, Vancouver antivivisectionists had succeeded in disseminating highly graphic
descriptions of animals undergoing experimentation via local community newspapers,
and in using direct action tactics to link these images with specific Vancouver
laboratories. In response, medical researchers heightened their longstanding efforts to
conceal their experimental practices from public view. The limited public visibility of the
animal lab and the commonly held belief in the necessity of animal use for medical
progress both helped to limit opposition to animal experimentation between 1950 and
1990, despite an increasingly widespread acknowledgement of the cruelty of this set of
practices.Arts, Faculty of
History, Department of
Graduate
32
Braunmiller, Jochen. "Seismotectonics of the explorer region and of the Blanco Transform Fault Zone." Thesis, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/29264.
Full textAbstract:
In this thesis, we present the first detailed, long-term seismotectonic studies of oceanic
ridge-transform systems. The proximity of the Juan de Fuca plate to a network of
broadband seismic stations in western North America provides a unique synergy of
interesting tectonic targets, high seismicity, and recording capabilities. Our main tools are
earthquake source parameters, determined by robust waveform modeling techniques, and
precise earthquake locations, determined by joint epicenter relocation. Regional broadband
data are used to invert for the source moment tensors of the frequent, moderate-sized (M ≥
4) earthquakes; this analysis began 1994. We include Harvard centroid moment-tensors
available since 1976 for larger (M ≥ 5) earthquakes.
Two studies comprise the main part of this thesis. In the first, we determine the current
tectonics of Explorer region offshore western Canada. Earthquake slip vector azimuths
along the Pacific-Explorer boundary require an independent Explorer plate. We determine
its rotation pole and provide a tectonic model for the plate's history over the last 2 Ma.
Plate motion changes caused distributed deformation in the plate's southeast corner and
caused a small piece in the southwest corner to transfer to the Pacific plate. Capture of the
plate fragment indicates that preserved fragments not necessary represent entire
microplates.
In the second study, we investigate seismicity and source parameters along the Blanco
Transform Fault Zone (BTFZ). The deformation style-- strike slip and normal faulting--
correlates well with observed changes in BTFZ's morphology. We infer that Blanco Ridge
probably consists of two fault segments, that several parallel faults are active along BTFZ's west part, and that Cascadia Depression possibly is a short spreading center. The slip
distribution along the BTFZ is highly variable, although seismicity could account for the
full plate motion rate along the entire BTFZ.
The final part is a short study where we locate an earthquake in the tectonically active
Mendocino triple junction region offshore northern California using land and offshore data.
The precise location may be useful as a master event for relocating other earthquakes.Graduation date: 1999
33
Macadam, Anne M. "Effects of microsite alteration on soil climate, nitrogen mineralization, and establishment of Picea Glauca x Engelmannii seedlings in the sub-boreal spruce zone of west-central British Columbia." Thesis, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/37640.
Full textAbstract:
Site preparation treatments are often used prior to the planting of clearcut
forest lands to improve planter access and to increase the number and quality of
planting spots. Most mechanical site preparation treatments alter the
configuration and material composition of surface soil materials, and can have
marked effects on soil properties important to seedling survival and growth.
Effects of some of these treatments on soil moisture, soil temperature, rates of
nitrogen mineralization, and the establishment of Picea glauca x engelmannii
seedlings were examined on fresh, moist, and wet sites in the moist cold subzone
of the Sub-boreal Spruce Zone in west-central British Columbia. Four types of
microsite alteration were investigated: forest floor removal (spot scalping), soil
mounds over inverted sections of forest floor (inverted mounds), mineral soil
mounds over a mineral soil surface, and inversion of the forest floor and mineral
soil in place.
Soil temperature was monitored continuously and soil moisture weekly at the
10-cm depth in 16 combinations of site and microsite treatment during two
growing seasons. The response of seedling height and diameter growth was
monitored for three growing seasons. Effects of altering soil temperatures
through mechanical treatments on rates of nitrogen mineralization were examined
by incubating a standard soil material in a range of microsites created by six
combinations of site and mechanical treatment. Effects of substrate quality and
soil temperature on rates of nitrogen mineralization were examined in paired
mounded and untreated spots in fresh, moist, and wet sites.
In all sites, early growing season soil temperatures in the seedling rooting
zone were substantially warmer in inverted mounds than in other treatments.
Spot scalping increased temperatures slightly relative to controls in the fresh site,
but had little or no warming effect on moist and wet sites. Inverted mounds
became substantially drier than other treatments during periods of low rainfall,
particularly in the fresh site. After three growing seasons, seedling height growth
was greatest in inverted mounds, irrespective of site. Amounts of nitrogen
mineralized in a standard soil material during incubation for 77 days in the field
were significantly greater for samples placed in inverted mounds than for those
placed in other microsite treatments. There was a significant positive correlation
between amounts of nitrogen mineralized during field incubations and degree hour
sums calculated for associated microsite treatments and sites. Both substrate
quality and soil thermal regime affected rates of N mineralization in samples
from paired mounded and untreated spots, and an interaction was observed
between the two factors.Graduation date: 1991
34
Adams, Derek. "The estimation of the degree of pricing competition in the British Columbia wine industry (1957-1986)." Thesis, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/1895.
Full textAbstract:
Until the introduction of the trade liberalization initiatives of 1989, the wine producers of British Columbia appeared to have operated in an environment that fostered less than competitive behaviour. Two factors in particular may have been responsible for creating such an environment: (1) the structure of the industry was inherently oligopolistic; and (2) protection from foreign competition was afforded by the British Columbia government in the form of a wine policy that effectively created non-tariff trade barriers against foreign wine producers. This study econometrically tests the hypothesis that British Columbia wine producers behaved non-competitively during the years 1957 to 1986.
A model of the British Columbia wine industry is developed and used to estimate the degree of non-competitive pricing behaviour in the industry, and tests are undertaken to determine whether the estimate of behaviour is consistent with competitive or with other well known behavioral specifications. the main structural components of the industry are described in a model of oligopolistic behaviour using a linear system of equations, in which both demand and pricing equations appear. The parameters which affect each of these equations are estimated using the appropriate estimation technique. The econometric results, and the subsequent statistical tests, support the hypothesis that the domestic wine industry in British Columbia operated in a non-competitive manner between 1957 and 1986. Specifically, the hypothesis of competitive behaviour is statistically rejected, whereas, the hypotheses of Cournot and collusive-type behaviour could not be rejected. These results suggest that British Columbia consumers may have been sacrificing to firms at least a portion of the surplus they would have obtained in a perfectly competitive industry. In addition, it appears that the wine policy of the provincial government helped create a non-competitive industry that will likely have difficulty competing in today's global market for wine.
35
Damer, Eric John. "The study of adult education at UBC, 1957-1985." Thesis, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/11050.
Full textAbstract:
In 1957, The University of British Columbia launched Canada's first degree-granting
program in adult education. It subsequently grew to be one of the largest departments in the
Faculty of Education, and recognized internationally for its work. As it grew, however, the
program lost its initial administrative privilege. This study asks why UBC had the honour of
this Canadian "first," and how the program flowed and ebbed. It shows the relations between the
department's administrative and intellectual activities, and how the program fit British
Columbia's social development more generally. The study concludes that the successes were
largely opportunistic, as the program profited from the changing face of higher education more
generally and privileges secured under an early administrative regime. The program's failure was
that it did not create a stable identity independent of these opportunities: it failed to gain
recognition from academic outsiders as the home of distinct adult education research and
knowledge, and it failed to become the gatekeeper of a controlled profession.
36
Goudie, Tanya. "Tracing change in Northwest Coast exhibit and collection catalogues, 1949-1998." Thesis, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/11730.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis explores changing perceptions, theory, structure and policy within art exhibit and
collection catalogues of First Peoples' objects from the Pacific Northwest Coast. This work looks
at emerging viewpoints on material culture and its display over forty years as they present
themselves in catalogue entries, textual content and labeling of Native groups and individuals.
Early concepts based on salvage anthropology such as Native cultural demise and the
degeneration of remaining people weakened as scholarship changed from a predominantly
anthropological understanding of the objects to an aesthetic understanding based in art history.
Political actions by Native groups have demanded policy changes within Canadian museum
structure that includes the Native voice in curatorial decisions and textual discussions on both old
and new objects. These very policy changes bring with them increased responsibility for the
museum as well as new challenges of representation of the objects and their makers. The theme
explored in this thesis is the changing role and responsibility of academia in the representation of
the Other.
37
Asselin, Marlene McMahon. "Grade three teachers’ personal practical knowledge of reading instruction and its relationship to teacher background, their students’ reading experiences and achievement : a secondary analysis of the 1991 IEA Reading Literacy Study." Thesis, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/7182.
Full textAbstract:
The recent shift from behaviorist to cognitive views of teaching premises the role of teachers’
knowledge in their instructional practice. In light of dramatic changes in literacy theory and policy,
teachers’ knowledge of reading instruction is a particular interest in both teaching and literacy instruction
research. The purpose of this study was to construct a description of grade three reading instruction in
Canada (BC) and to explain differences between teachers’ instructional approaches on measures of teacher
background, student background, and student achievement. To accomplish these purposes, this study
reanalyzed data from a representative sample of provincial teachers (N=154) and students (N=2813) from
the 1991 International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement Reading Literacy Study.
Analysis was planned in two stages, exploratory followed by confirmatory. Exploratory first-and
second-order factor analyses of the teacher data were conducted and two factors of reading instruction were
identified. Based on interpretative frameworks of Traditional, Whole Language, and Strategic perspectives
of reading instruction, the factors were named Strategic Whole Language and Programmatic Skills. The
Strategic Whole Language factor seemed to emphasize students’ use of comprehension strategies in learner-centered,
literature-based classrooms. The Programmatic Skills factor indicated an instructional approach
that is teacher-centered and focussed on students’ mastery of hierarchial skills. Following identification
of the reading instruction factors, exploratory cluster analysis based on teachers’ factor scores identified
four groups of teachers. None of the four teacher groups consistently reflected the properties of either the
Strategic Whole Language or Programmatic Skills factor. Finally, analyses of variance and chi square
analyses revealed no statistically significant differences among these teacher groups on measures of teacher
background, student background, and student achievement.
Major findings from this study suggest that grade three teachers’ personal practical knowledge of
reading instruction is an interaction of independent factors rather than a subscription to one of the
perspectives defined in the literature. In this way, the eclectic approaches to instruction found in this study
challenge the assumption of a paradigm shift declared in the reading literature. Second, students’ similar
achievement across instructional approaches, as measured in this study, suggests equivalent effectiveness
of several kinds of instruction for some, but not all, aspects of students’ reading development. Findings
from this study provide a foundation for teacher and curriculum development, particularly by identifying
the minimal attention currently being paid to students’ strategic reading abilities. Finally, a number of
methodological issues in large-scale assessement studies are discussed and suggestions concerning research
instruments and data analysis are given.
38
Stoddart, Mark Christopher John. "Wilderness or working forest? : British Columbia forest policy debate in the "Vancouver Sun", 1991-2003." 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/374.
Full text
39
Nelson, Ronald Ross. "The presentation of landscape: rhetorical conventions and the promotion of tourism in British Columbia, 1900-1990." Thesis, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/7026.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis argues that landscapes are products of language, that the meaning of a
landscape depends upon how it is presented and interpreted in the course of human
communication. It is also argued that the field of rhetoric—as a body of theory, ideas,
and methods for interpreting the persuasive use of language—can assist human
geographers in their attempts to interpret landscapes. These positions are put to work in
a study of the promotion of tourist landscapes by the British Columbia government.
Two time periods are examined: first, presentations of landscape during the 1920s and
1930s, and second the 1970s and 1980s. These periods are similar in that they are
periods of transition—periods in which the tourism industry underwent significant
change. The first period is associated with the development of mass tourism, and
specifically with the emergence of the state as a major player in the tourist industry. The
second period concerns the recent development of postmodern (alternative environmental
and cultural) tourism. Postmodern tourism is characterized by the rejection of mass
tourism and by the quest for real places and experiences. The thesis uses both qualitative
and quantitative (computer-assisted content analysis) methods to examine how the state
has rhetorically responded to these changes in its presentations of landscape. Changes
are found in both periods, but they are gradual and incomplete. It is consequently argued
that the state’s character as an author limits its audience and the strategies it may use for
presenting tourist landscapes.
40
Gaber, Devron Alexander 1952. "Provincial coordination and inter-institutional collaboration in British Columbia's college, university college, and institute system." Thesis, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/31102.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this study was to better understand the historical
development of the British Columbia (B.C.) community college, university college,
and institute system with the focus on the changing nature of voluntary inter-institutional
collaboration in relation to provincial coordination. The study also
examined the related themes of centralization and decentralization within B.C.'s
system and the development of a provincial system of autonomous institutions.
The methodology used was qualitative, and more specifically, interpretive
in nature and based on the historical method and the underlying assumptions of
hermeneutics. The researcher began by analyzing pertinent primary and secondary
sources of literature in relation to the study's purpose. The findings from the
literature analysis formed the basis for interview questions that were asked of 10
key informants to fill gaps in understanding and confirm findings.
The study found that the B.C. system began as a decentralized group of
autonomous, community-oriented institutions but became more centrally
coordinated by government in the late 1970s and early 1980s, largely because of
increased costs and a worsening economy. The 1990s witnessed a high level of
centralized decision making with stakeholder involvement, which has been
replaced by a move towards decentralization and greater institutional autonomy in
the early 2000s based on the market ideology of the new government. Throughout
the decades, the B.C. system has had a history of voluntary collaboration but that
collaboration has been gradually blended over time with provincial coordination as
government built a system of autonomous institutions.
The main conclusions of the study are that an appropriate balance may be
achievable between centralization and decentralization in order to maintain a
coherent system of accountable, autonomous institutions but would need systematic
efforts by government and institutions and a policy framework for system
governance. Such a balance may be achieved by learning from the lessons of B.C.'s
rich history and from the experiences of other jurisdictions. To achieve system
goals, the Ministry and institutions could build on the history of voluntary
collaborative efforts, which seem particularly important among educators at the
program level. The Ministry might reward such collaboration and hold institutions
accountable for it.Graduation date: 2003
41
Hunter, Jane. "The Richmond young writers’ project 1979-1984." Thesis, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/2583.
Full textAbstract:
Richmond School District successfully implemented in 1978-1984 an innovative approach to the teaching of writing--the writing process. This study sought to determine why teachers participated in developing a new writing curriculum in their schools, what characteristics of the setting promoted these curriculum development practices, and what curriculum leaders did to promote teacher participation in curriculum decision making.
Historical evidence for this thes is included interviews with eleven participants in reform, including the curriculum leader with greatest responsibility for its implementation. In addition, various print and manuscript documents provided a basis for interpretation of pertinent events.
As policy study this thesis described and analyzed the practices and experiences of the school district that embodied the implementers' values.
A single teacher-leader in the district accounted for much of the change in teacher practice. A district-wide emphasis on writing process praxis was further supported by the school board and the district's senior staff. Specific social characteristics of the curriculum development setting, Richmond School District, help account for the adoption of the reform.
The study argues for the importance of; (a) selecting the most appropriate innovation for implementation, (b) empowering participants in educational reform, and (c) an effective change agent to inspire participants. Implications for educators and recommendations for further research came from these insights.
42
Anderson, Gordon Jay. "Biophysical sustainability in a mountain ecosystem : resource use in the Columbia River Valley near Nakusp, British Columbia." 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/22566.
Full text
43
Kennedy, Graham E. "Spending the inheritance : undifferentiated production and the competitive dynamics of the post-war forest industry: the case of British Columbia forest products and MacMillan Bloedel 1945-1979." Thesis, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/3343.
Full textAbstract:
The continued production of undifferentiated products in the B.C. forest industry has fascinated and divided provincial historians. The causes of this orientation of production are varied and complex. The provincial government and British Columbia's forest companies have each played a role in determining the orientation of production. The undifferentiated end products of these firms were the consequence of conscious government and business decisions made in British Columbia in the post-war period (1945 - 1979).
B.C. forest resources were (and remain) owned and administrated by the government. Private access to these assets was (and is) determined by provincial statute. The government was instrumental in orienting the undifferentiated production undertaken by MacMillan Bloedel and B.C.F.P. in two fashions: by systematically subtracting value from the resource in order to attract capital to the industry; and, by adopting a variety of other policy initiatives that promoted the establishment of large-scale enterprises.
Professor Michael E. Porter, in his book, The Competitive Advantage of Nations, argues that a firm's end products are the result of its competitive advantages and disadvantages. The two firms examined in this essay possessed two competitive advantages that promoted undifferentiated production: a high degree of productive integration from supply through to marketing: and large-scale production. Competitive disadvantages can allow a firm's products to become less advanced over time, or can preclude the advance to more differentiated production.
Four competitive disadvantages prevented the development of differentiated products by Macmillan Bloedel and B.C.F.P. First, a super abundance of timber perpetuated undifferentiated production. With the continued supply of excellent quality timber protected by the government, competitive supply pressures were eliminated, and the resource was not evaluated or utilized to its maximum potential. Second, the integration of downstream supply networks by M.B. and B.C.F.P. impoverished lower levels of the industry. While this provided cost advantages to the producers, it limited the number of suppliers. Third, managerial incompetence at MacMillan Bloedel , and a narrowness of focus at B.C.F.P., limited the productive opportunities of these two firms. Finally, the collaboration of the two firms in marketing their undifferentiated products also diminished competitive pressures needed to promote differentiated production. Thus, contrary to some previous analytic approaches, the production orientation of these two firms can be explained with an historical analysis of their competitive advantages and disadvantages in the post-war period.
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Gregr, Edward James. "An analysis of historic (1908-1967) whaling records from British Columbia, Canada." Thesis, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/10255.
Full textAbstract:
Analysis of data recorded from 24,862 whales killed by British Columbia coastal whaling stations
between 1908 and 1967 revealed trends in the abundance, sex ratios, age structure and the distance
from shore of sperm (Physeter macrocephalus), sei (Balaenoptera borealis), fin (Balaenoptera
physalus), humpback (Megaptera novaeangliae) and blue (Balaenoptera musculus) whales. Trends
in the relationships between records of where the whales were killed (n=l 0,275) and a simple
oceanographic model were used to build generalized linear models, from which predictions of whale
habitat were generated.
The catch data were analyzed using annual and monthly mean values. Monthly and annual variation
in whaling effort was deduced from accounts of the history of British Columbia coastal whaling, and
biases arising from changes in effort were considered in the interpretation of the results. Predictive
habitat models were produced at annual and monthly time scales based on an initial analysis of the
univariate relationships between whale presence-absence and six independent predictor variables
(depth, slope, depth class, sea surface temperature and salinity, and month).
During the later years of whaling (1948 to 1967), the mean lengths of captured whales declined
significantly in all five species and pregnancy rates dropped to near zero in fin, sei and blue whales.
Monthly patterns in numbers killed revealed a summer migration of sei and blue whales past
Vancouver Island, and confirms anecdotal suggestions that local populations of fin and humpback
whales once spent extended periods in the coastal waters of British Columbia. Furthermore, the data
strongly suggest that sperm whales mated (April-May) and calved (July-August) in British
Columbia's offshore waters.
The habitat models showed that the continental slope and a large area off the northwest coast
Vancouver Island may represent critical habitat for sei, fin and male sperm whales. Female sperm
whales, blue and humpback whales appeared less sensitive to the predictor variables, however, the
sample size for these groups was significantly smaller than for the other species. The habitat
predictions lend support to the hypotheses regarding sperm whale breeding and predict humpback
whale habitat in sheltered bays and straits throughout coastal British Columbia. The habitat models
also generated hypotheses about the relationships and processes that link these whale species to their
environment.
The historic whaling records revealed much about the migratory behaviour and distribution of the
large whales species as they once were, and may continue to be, in the Northeast Pacific. Verifying
the persistence of these trends in the remnant populations is a necessary and logical next step.
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Mogyorosi, Rita-Sophia. "Coming full circle?: Aboriginal archives in British Columbia in Canadian and international perspective." 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/3118.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis examines the past, present and future development and nature of Aboriginal archives and archiving in British Columbia, set in Canadian and international perspective. The thesis focuses on Aboriginal archives in BC because the higher number of First Nations there than elsewhere in Canada makes it one of the most prominent and important areas of Aboriginal archiving activity in the country. The thesis begins with an introduction to the holistic ways in which Aboriginal people in Canada traditionally recorded, preserved, and communicated knowledge and history over time, and thus the methods by which they “archived” up to the mid-twentieth century, in contrast to and compared with Euro-Canadian traditions of archiving. It then goes on to explore the various forces that directly and indirectly disrupted the processes by which Aboriginal culture and knowledge, and thus memory and identity, were transmitted from one generation to the next. As a result of these forces, and the inevitable intertwining of Aboriginal and Euro-Canadian cultures and worldviews, Aboriginal people increasingly found themselves having to access Euro-Canadian archives or establish their own along similar lines. In BC, where historically very few treaties were signed, the documentation created in the context of land claims and treaty negotiations in particular meant that such records were couched in occidental rather than Aboriginal people’s own cultural terms and thus demanded corresponding storage and use methods. Thus, the thesis suggests that such new approaches to Aboriginal archives and archiving were a “reactionary” or defensive response to legal, political, and social requirements and forces, rather than simply as a basis for communicating and recording a traditionally “holistic” sense of culture, memory, and identity. And, as will be seen, this reactionary response was not limited to BC, but would reveal itself concurrently in the rest of Canada, and in other colonised countries such as Australia and the United States. With the results of a questionnaire responded to in Australia, Canada, and the U.S., the thesis then presents comparative national and international approaches to, experiences with, and views on Aboriginal archives and archiving. With these explorations in hand, the thesis concludes with the suggestion that Aboriginal archiving is now coming full circle, returning to its holistic roots, having been positively influenced by the power inherent in the reactionary approach, but also newly challenged with varying issues. At the same time, Aboriginal archiving has challenged and contributed to a redefinition of traditional, Euro-Canadian notions of archiving, and thus pushed the boundaries of archiving as we know it.February 2009
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Fang, Wendong. "Summer sea surface temperature variability off Vancouver Island from satellite data, 1984-1991." Thesis, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/2272.
Full textAbstract:
Satellite-sensed Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) Sea Surface Temperature (SST) data over eight summers (1984-1991) were used to analyze the summer SST patterns of variability off the west coast of Vancouver Island. Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) analysis of the spatial variance for 133 nearly cloud-free summer images was performed. The first EOF mode, which resembled the mean of all images, showed a strong cool water band located at the northwest corner of Vancouver Island, a cool tongue extending seaward from the Strait of Juan de Fuca and a warm patch off Barkley Sound. The second mode revealed topographically controlled upwelling -- coolwater over the shelf region with its seaward boundary roughly following the 200-m depth contour, plus a cold eddy located just north of the Juan de Fuca Canyon. The third mode displayed cool water extending southwestward off Brooks Peninsula, while the fourth mode showed a cool water plume extending off Cape Scott at the northern tip of Vancouver Island. These 4 modes accounted for respectively, 33, 12, 10 and 5% of the SST variance. With the first 4 modes accounting for 60% of the total variance, the EOF method is highly effective in condensing the huge amount of satellite data. The temporal amplitude of the EOF modes revealed how the SST features changed as summer progressed. From these images, we also constructed an overall seasonal coolness index, which revealed the summers of 1986 and 1991 to have the coolest coastal water, with both summers immediately preceding an El Nino.
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Elder, Brian W. "Land use and transportation planning: The Greater Vancouver Regional District North East Sector: 1951- 1990." Thesis, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/2134.
Full textAbstract:
One of the most pressing problems faced by large urban areas is traffic congestion. Traffic congestion, or the urban transportation problem is not a new phenomenon, having existed since the process of urbanization began. Low density urbanization or suburbanization, facilitated by the availability of large numbers of automobiles has contributed to the present traffic problem. The causes of the problem have long been recognized by planners and decision makers, and viable solutions have been proposed. However, in spite of solutions being known, the problem still exists and has become worse. The purpose of this study is to observe how planners have dealt with the land use and transportation factors which contribute to the ever worsening traffic problems in a suburban area. It is hypothesized that the fragmented nature of the planning and decision making processes have resulted in a lack of co-ordination and co-operation in planning to resolve the urban transportation problem. The objectives of this thesis are to gain an understanding of: 1) why the urban transportation problem exists; 2) the planning process involved in finding solutions to this problem; and 3) the effect of the fragmentation of authority over various factors of land use and transportation. The methodology includes the following steps. The first is a literature review of the current thought on the subject of traffic congestion, and the factors causing it. The second is a literature review of the planning process and the theoretical foundations of current thought on land use and transportation studies. This will be followed by a case study using a descriptive historical approach. The case study reviews developments as well as past land use and transportation studies for the study area. The fourth step involves an interpretation of the information provided in the case study in light of the literature review. The area chosen for the case study is the Greater Vancouver Regional District's North East Sector. This Sector has experienced accelerated development and an increasing 111
population dependant upon the automobile for mobility. Low density land use, has created automobile dependent development, which make an automobile a necessity. A large percentage of the workforce in the area has to commute to other areas. Numerous studies have been commissioned to find solutions to the North East Sector's transportation problems. Despite the realization of the causes of traffic congestion, the solutions presented in the studies have not been comprehensively implemented to achieve workable results. There were two major findings of this study. The first is that planners and decision makers are aware of the relationship between land use and transportation planning. The second is the fragmentation of authority for different aspects of land use and transportation has frustrated attempts to resolve traffic congestion, through a fragmenting of the planning and decision making process.
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Schmidt, Kenneth J. "William Vander Zalm to Rita Johnston : the 1991 leadership choice of the Social Credit Party of British Columbia." Thesis, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/1444.
Full textAbstract:
The traditional objectives of leadership conventions have been two-fold; First, the choice of a new party leader; second, the reaffirmation and renewal of party activists as well as unification of them behind the newly chosen leader. This thesis analyzes the Social Credit party leadership selection process with particular focus on the 1991 leadership convention. The study draws upon data and written material with respect to the 1986 leadership convention, but primarily information gathered from an extensive survey of behavior and attitudes of the nearly 1900 delegates to the 1991 leadership convention as well as newspapers and personal observation and interviews with attendees. It explores how the Social Credit party tried but failed to achieve both of the traditional objectives with their 1991 leadership convention. They chose a new party leader. However, entering the 1991 convention, the party was divided by numerous rifts which had developed during the 1986 leadership convention and since that event. Rather than heal the rifts, the 1991 leadership convention exacerbated them. Thus, as the 1991 leadership convention closed the party was more divided than when the year's leadership politics had begun.
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Squires, Maurice Alfred. "Liberating our children revisited : what did the aboriginal community ask for in 1991, and what did they get?" 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/421.
Full text
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Berg, Hans William Stephen. "On Winter Precipitation at Cypress Mountain, British Columbia, during SNOW-V10." 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/30616.
Full textAbstract:
Cypress Mountain, north of Vancouver, is a coastal barrier for moisture-laden onshore airflow and subject to large amounts of precipitation. The athletic events at this site during the 2010 Winter Olympics were frequently delayed due to the occurrence of rain rather than snow. Unprecedented data on precipitating systems were obtained between January and April 2010 during the SNOW-V10 (Science and Nowcasting Olympic Weather for Vancouver 2010) field campaign. This included information collected from specialized radar, enhanced surface weather stations, as well as from operational radar and satellite data. Some precipitation events lasted ≥ 24 h, although heavier precipitation rates typically lasted ≤ 6 h. Freezing rain was also inferred. Specialized radar showed changes in reflectivity values with height, yielded information regarding melting layer heights, and detected upward motion of precipitation particles. Differences in daily precipitation amounts of ≥ 50 mm from on the mountain to its base were also measured.October 2015