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Journal articles on the topic 'British Ice Sheet'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Gandy, Niall, Lauren J. Gregoire, Jeremy C. Ely, et al. "Marine ice sheet instability and ice shelf buttressing of the Minch Ice Stream, northwest Scotland." Cryosphere 12, no. 11 (2018): 3635–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-3635-2018.

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Abstract. Uncertainties in future sea level projections are dominated by our limited understanding of the dynamical processes that control instabilities of marine ice sheets. The last deglaciation of the British–Irish Ice Sheet offers a valuable example to examine these processes. The Minch Ice Stream, which drained a large proportion of ice from the northwest sector of the British–Irish Ice Sheet during the last deglaciation, is constrained with abundant empirical data which can be used to inform, validate, and analyse numerical ice sheet simulations. We use BISICLES, a higher-order ice sheet

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2

Hartman, Gregory M. D., John J. Clague, René W. Barendregt, and Alberto V. Reyes. "Late Wisconsinan Cordilleran and Laurentide glaciation of the Peace River Valley east of the Rocky Mountains, British Columbia." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 55, no. 12 (2018): 1324–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2018-0015.

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In the past, researchers have disagreed over the maximum extent of the Cordilleran Ice Sheet in the Peace River valley during the Late Wisconsinan. Some workers argued that Cordilleran ice reached beyond the Rocky Mountains and briefly coalesced with the Laurentide Ice Sheet on the westernmost Interior Plains. In contrast, others asserted that Cordilleran ice did not reach beyond the eastern front of the Rocky Mountains. Stratigraphic interpretation of three sections within a Middle Wisconsinan paleovalley and re-examination of a previously published regional stratigraphic framework show that

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3

Ryder, June M., and Denny Maynard. "The Cordilleran Ice Sheet in Northern British Colombia." Géographie physique et Quaternaire 45, no. 3 (2007): 355–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/032881ar.

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ABSTRACT Dates from lavas associated with tills and erratics indicate that ice-sheet glaciations occurred between 4 and 0.6 Ma BP. The few radiocarbon dates that are available suggest that the chronology of the Late Wisconsinan (Fraser Glaciation) ice sheet of northern British Columbia was similar to that of the southern part of the province. During what may have been a long, early phase of this glaciation, Glacial Lake Stikine was dammed by advancing valley glaciers in the Coast Mountains, and alpine glaciers developed on the intermontane plateau. At the climax of Fraser Glaciation, ice-flow

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4

Hughes, Anna L. C., Chris D. Clark, and Colm J. Jordan. "Subglacial bedforms of the last British Ice Sheet." Journal of Maps 6, no. 1 (2010): 543–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4113/jom.2010.1111.

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5

Lindstrom, Dean R. "A Eurasian Ice-Sheet Study Using A Combined Ice-Sheet/ Ice-Shelf Numerical Model." Annals of Glaciology 14 (1990): 345. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260305500009125.

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A numerical model which simultaneously computes grounded and ice-shelf flow was used to develop an equilibrium ice-sheet–ice-shelf system over Eurasia and the Arctic region. Present-day net accumulation rates and mean annual and July temperature values were used as base values for climatic variable specifications. The values were adjusted during the model run to account for changes in the ice-surface elevation and atmospheric CO2 concentration. The model-determined equilibrium ice-sheet configuration was used as input for additional runs to observe what effect removing the Arctic ice shelf and

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6

Lindstrom, Dean R. "A Eurasian Ice-Sheet Study Using A Combined Ice-Sheet/ Ice-Shelf Numerical Model." Annals of Glaciology 14 (1990): 345. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/s0260305500009125.

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A numerical model which simultaneously computes grounded and ice-shelf flow was used to develop an equilibrium ice-sheet–ice-shelf system over Eurasia and the Arctic region. Present-day net accumulation rates and mean annual and July temperature values were used as base values for climatic variable specifications. The values were adjusted during the model run to account for changes in the ice-surface elevation and atmospheric CO2 concentration. The model-determined equilibrium ice-sheet configuration was used as input for additional runs to observe what effect removing the Arctic ice shelf and

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7

Boulton, G. S. "The origin of till sequences by subglacial sediment deformation beneath mid-latitude ice sheets." Annals of Glaciology 22 (1996): 75–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/1996aog22-1-75-84.

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A theory of erosion and deposition as a consequence of subglacial sediment deformation over beds of unlithified sediment is reviewed and applied to large-scale till sequences formed on the southern flanks of the North American and British and European ice sheets during the last glacial cycle. The distribution of till thickness, till lithology in relation to source materials and intra-till erosion surfaces along a flowline in the Michigan lobe of the North American ice sheet are shown to be compatible with the deformational theory but not with other modes of till genesis. It is then demonstrate

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8

Boulton, G. S. "The origin of till sequences by subglacial sediment deformation beneath mid-latitude ice sheets." Annals of Glaciology 22 (1996): 75–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026030550001524x.

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A theory of erosion and deposition as a consequence of subglacial sediment deformation over beds of unlithified sediment is reviewed and applied to large-scale till sequences formed on the southern flanks of the North American and British and European ice sheets during the last glacial cycle. The distribution of till thickness, till lithology in relation to source materials and intra-till erosion surfaces along a flowline in the Michigan lobe of the North American ice sheet are shown to be compatible with the deformational theory but not with other modes of till genesis. It is then demonstrate

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9

Ely, Jeremy C., Chris D. Clark, David Small, and Richard C. A. Hindmarsh. "ATAT 1.1, the Automated Timing Accordance Tool for comparing ice-sheet model output with geochronological data." Geoscientific Model Development 12, no. 3 (2019): 933–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-933-2019.

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Abstract. Earth's extant ice sheets are of great societal importance given their ongoing and potential future contributions to sea-level rise. Numerical models of ice sheets are designed to simulate ice-sheet behaviour in response to climate changes but to be improved require validation against observations. The direct observational record of extant ice sheets is limited to a few recent decades, but there is a large and growing body of geochronological evidence spanning millennia constraining the behaviour of palaeo-ice sheets. Hindcasts can be used to improve model formulations and study inte

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10

Clague, John J. "Quaternary stratigraphy and history, Williams Lake, British Columbia." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 24, no. 1 (1987): 147–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e87-012.

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Thick valley-fill sediments in the vicinity of Williams Lake, British Columbia, provide a detailed record of the late Quaternary history of an area near the centre of the former Cordilleran Ice Sheet. Stratigraphic units assigned to the late Wisconsinan Fraser Glaciation, the preceding (penultimate) glaciation, and the present interglaciation are described. Especially noteworthy are (1) thick units of sand and gravel deposited by braided streams, perhaps during periods of ice-sheet growth; and (2) complex glaciolacustrine sediments that accumulated in ice-dammed lakes during periods of deglaci

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11

GOLLEDGE, NICHOLAS R., and MARTYN S. STOKER. "A palaeo-ice stream of the British Ice Sheet in eastern Scotland." Boreas 35, no. 2 (2008): 231–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1502-3885.2006.tb01153.x.

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12

Golledge, Nicholas, and Martyn Stoker. "A palaeo-ice stream of the British Ice Sheet in eastern Scotland." Boreas 35, no. 2 (2006): 231–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03009480500456040.

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13

Clague, John J., Ian R. Saunders, and Michael C. Roberts. "Ice-free conditions in southwestern British Columbia at 16000 years BP." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 25, no. 6 (1988): 938–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e88-093.

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New radiocarbon dates on wood from two exposures in Chilliwack valley, southwestern British Columbia, indicate that this area was ice free and locally forested 16 000 radiocarbon years ago. This suggests that the Late Wisconsinan Cordilleran Ice Sheet reached its maximum extent in this region after 16 000 years BP. The Chilliwack valley dates are the youngest in British Columbia that bear on the growth of the Cordilleran Ice Sheet.

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14

Boulton, Geoffrey. "Form and Flow of the Last British Ice Sheet." Quaternary International 279-280 (November 2012): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2012.07.278.

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15

Hughes, Anna L. C. "Flow pattern evolution of the last British Ice Sheet." Quaternary International 279-280 (November 2012): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2012.08.412.

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16

Hughes, Anna L. C., Chris D. Clark, and Colm J. Jordan. "Flow-pattern evolution of the last British Ice Sheet." Quaternary Science Reviews 89 (April 2014): 148–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2014.02.002.

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17

STOKER, MARTYN, and TOM BRADWELL. "The Minch palaeo-ice stream, NW sector of the British–Irish Ice Sheet." Journal of the Geological Society 162, no. 3 (2005): 425–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/0016-764904-151.

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18

Patton, H., A. Hubbard, T. Bradwell, N. F. Glasser, M. J. Hambrey, and C. D. Clark. "Rapid marine deglaciation: asynchronous retreat dynamics between the Irish Sea Ice Stream and terrestrial outlet glaciers." Earth Surface Dynamics Discussions 1, no. 1 (2013): 277–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esurfd-1-277-2013.

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Abstract. Understanding the retreat behaviour of past marine-ice sheets provides vital context to accurate assessment of the present stability and long-term response of contemporary polar-ice sheets to climate and oceanic warming. Here new multibeam swath-bathymetry data and sedimentological analysis are combined with high resolution ice-sheet modelling to reveal complex landform assemblages and process-dynamics associated with deglaciation of the British-Celtic Ice Sheet (BCIS) within the Irish Sea Basin. Our reconstruction indicates a non-linear relationship between the rapidly receding Iris

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19

Boulton, Geoffrey. "Drainage pathways beneath ice sheets and their implications for ice sheet form and flow: the example of the British Ice Sheet during the Last Glacial Maximum." Journal of Quaternary Science 25, no. 4 (2010): 483–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jqs.1407.

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20

Clark, Chris D., Richard C. Chiverrell, Derek Fabel, Richard C. A. Hindmarsh, Colm Ó Cofaigh, and James D. Scourse. "Timing, pace and controls on ice sheet retreat: an introduction to the BRITICE‐CHRONO transect reconstructions of the British–Irish Ice Sheet." Journal of Quaternary Science 36, no. 5 (2021): 673–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jqs.3326.

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21

Wilson, Lindsay J., William E. N. Austin, and Eystein Jansen. "The last British Ice Sheet: growth, maximum extent and deglaciation." Polar Research 21, no. 2 (2002): 243–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/polar.v21i2.6484.

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22

Wilson, Lindsay J., William E. N. Austin, and Eystein Jansen. "The last British Ice Sheet: growth, maximum extent and deglaciation." Polar Research 21, no. 2 (2002): 243–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-8369.2002.tb00077.x.

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23

Greenwood, Sarah L., Chris D. Clark, and Anna L. C. Hughes. "Formalising an inversion methodology for reconstructing ice-sheet retreat patterns from meltwater channels: application to the British Ice Sheet." Journal of Quaternary Science 22, no. 6 (2007): 637–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jqs.1083.

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24

McCuaig, S. J., and M. C. Roberts. "Topographically-independent ice flow in northwestern British Columbia: implications for Cordilleran Ice Sheet reconstruction." Journal of Quaternary Science 17, no. 4 (2002): 341–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jqs.682.

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25

Bednarski, Jan M., and I. Rod Smith. "Laurentide and montane glaciation along the Rocky Mountain Foothills of northeastern British Columbia." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 44, no. 4 (2007): 445–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e06-095.

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Mapping the surficial geology of the Trutch map area (NTS 94G) provides new data on the timing of continental and montane glaciations along the Foothills of northeastern British Columbia. Striated surfaces on mountain crests were dated to the Late Wisconsinan substage by cosmogenic dating. The striations were produced by eastward-flowing ice emanating from the region of the Continental Divide. This ice was thick enough to cross the main ranges and overtop the Rocky Mountain Foothill summits at 2000 m above sea level (asl). It is argued here that such a flow, unhindered by topography, could onl

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26

Fulton, Robert J. "A Conceptual Model for Growth and Decay of the Cordilleran Ice Sheet." Géographie physique et Quaternaire 45, no. 3 (2007): 281–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/032875ar.

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ABSTRACT A conceptual model for growth and decay of the Cordilleran Ice Sheet has evolved over 100 years of Quaternary research in British Columbia. Physiography and location relative to prevailing westerly winds were the main factors controlling the style of glacier build up. The pattern of decay was controlled mainly by physiography. With cooling at the beginning of glaciation, mountain glaciers expanded to become valley glaciers and eventually coalesced on adjacent plateaus or shelves to form an ice sheet. At glacial maximum, this sheet extended from the western margin of the continental sh

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27

Clague, John J. "Quaternary Stratigraphy and History, Quesnel, British Columbia." Géographie physique et Quaternaire 42, no. 3 (2007): 279–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/032736ar.

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ABSTRACT Thick Quaternary sediments at Quesnel, British Columbia, provide a record of the late Quaternary history of an area near the centre of the former Cordilieran Ice Sheet. These sediments, in part, fill stream valleys that were cut sometime prior to the Late Wisconsinan Fraser Glaciation. Of special note are (1) fluvial or glaciofluvial sand and gravel deposited by aggrading streams, perhaps in part during early Fraser time; (2) thick glaciolacustrine mud, sand, and diamicton laid down later as glaciers advanced across central British Columbia; and (3) glaciolacustrine sediments similar

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28

Patton, Henry. "Modelling the dynamic instabilities of the last British-Irish Ice Sheet." Quaternary International 279-280 (November 2012): 369–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2012.08.1133.

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29

Jansson, Krister N., and Neil F. Glasser. "Palaeoglaciology of the Welsh sector of the British–Irish Ice Sheet." Journal of the Geological Society 162, no. 1 (2005): 25–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/0016-764904-009.

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30

Davies, B. J., S. J. Livingstone, D. H. Roberts, D. J. A. Evans, D. M. Gheorghiu, and C. Ó Cofaigh. "Dynamic ice stream retreat in the central sector of the last British-Irish Ice Sheet." Quaternary Science Reviews 225 (December 2019): 105989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2019.105989.

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31

Ó Cofaigh, Colm, and David J. A. Evans. "Deforming bed conditions associated with a major ice stream of the last British ice sheet." Geology 29, no. 9 (2001): 795. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(2001)029<0795:dbcawa>2.0.co;2.

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32

Hjelstuen, Berit Oline, and Hans Petter Sejrup. "Latitudinal variability in the Quaternary development of the Eurasian ice sheets—Evidence from the marine domain." Geology 49, no. 3 (2020): 346–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/g48106.1.

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Abstract Here we present the first compilation of sediment volumes, sedimentation rates, and chronology of Quaternary sediment packages along the entire marine margin of the Eurasian ice sheets (EurIS; British–Irish, Kara–Barents Sea–Svalbard, and Fennoscandian). This compilation allows for a subdivision of the EurIS development into three phases (2.6–1.5 Ma, 1.5–0.78 Ma, and 0.78–0 Ma). At the start of the Quaternary, sedimentation rates increased, relative to pre-Quaternary rates, by an order of magnitude. This abruptness in rate change excludes tectonic raising of landmasses as the main fac

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33

Bednarski, Jan M. "Landform assemblages produced by the Laurentide Ice Sheet in northeastern British Columbia and adjacent Northwest Territories — constraints on glacial lakes and patterns of ice retreatThis article is one of a selection of papers published in this Special Issue on the theme Geology of northeastern British Columbia and northwestern Alberta: diamonds, shallow gas, gravel, and glaciers." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 45, no. 5 (2008): 593–610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e07-053.

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The Laurentide Ice Sheet reached the Canadian Cordillera during the last glacial maximum in northeastern British Columbia and adjacent Northwest Territories and all regional drainage to unglaciated areas in the north was dammed by the ice. Converging ice-flow patterns near the mountain front suggest that the Laurentide Ice Sheet likely coalesced with the Cordilleran Ice Sheet during the last glaciation. With deglaciation, the ice masses separated, but earlier ice retreat in the south meant that meltwater pooled between the mountain front and the Laurentide margin. The level of the flooding was

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34

White, William A. "More on Deep Glacial Erosion by Continental Ice Sheets and Their Tongues of Distributary Ice." Quaternary Research 30, no. 2 (1988): 137–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0033-5894(88)90019-1.

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High latitude intracontinental seaways occupy great troughs carved by broad tongues of inland ice as it debouched to deep marine water. Such troughs occur in glaciated coasts, but not in stable, nonglaciated ones. Where ice flowed along the walls of troughs whose adjacent uplands held local glaciers, the walls simulate alpine troughs with faceted spurs and submarine hanging tributary valleys. Where uplands were not glaciated, trough walls are unbreached. Where ice flowed across them, coasts are digitate in low relief. In the northeastern sector of the Laurentide Ice Sheet, large glacial groove

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35

Clague, J. J. "Deglaciation of the Cordillera of Western Canada at the end of the Pleistocene." Cuadernos de Investigación Geográfica 43, no. 2 (2017): 449. http://dx.doi.org/10.18172/cig.3232.

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Nearly all of what is now British Columbia and adjacent areas were covered by an ice sheet at the maximum of the Last Glaciation (MIS 2) about 18,000 years ago. By 11,000 years ago, the Cordilleran Ice Sheet had disappeared, a victim of warming climate, eustatic sea-level rise along its western margin, and perhaps a reduction in precipitation. Deglaciation proceeded by frontal retreat at the periphery of the ice sheet and by downwasting, complex frontal retreat, and localized stagnation in its interior areas. The chronology of deglaciation is constrained, albeit with inherent dating errors, by

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36

Evans, David J. A., Stephen J. Livingstone, Andreas Vieli, and Colm Ó Cofaigh. "The palaeoglaciology of the central sector of the British and Irish Ice Sheet: reconciling glacial geomorphology and preliminary ice sheet modelling." Quaternary Science Reviews 28, no. 7-8 (2009): 739–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2008.05.011.

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37

Ryder, June M., Robert J. Fulton, and John J. Clague. "The Cordilleran Ice Sheet and the Glacial Geomorphology of Southern and Central British Colombia." Géographie physique et Quaternaire 45, no. 3 (2007): 365–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/032882ar.

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ABSTRACT This paper reviews the current state of knowledge about the Cordilleran Ice Sheet in southern and central British Columbia. Reconstructions of the ice sheet and the styles of ice expansion and déglaciation are based on extensive and varied glacigenic sediments and landforms that date from Late Wisconsinan (Fraser) Glaciation. Late-glacial lakes and sea level changes are also described and related to isostatic and eustatic effects. The timing of ice expansion and recession during Fraser Glaciation was markedly asymmetric: ice build-up commenced about 29 000 years BP, culminated between

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38

Bigg, Grant R., Richard C. Levine, Chris D. Clark, et al. "Last glacial ice-rafted debris off southwestern Europe: the role of the British-Irish Ice Sheet." Journal of Quaternary Science 25, no. 5 (2010): 689–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jqs.1345.

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39

Bradwell, Tom, and Martyn S. Stoker. "Submarine sediment and landform record of a palaeo-ice stream within the British−Irish Ice Sheet." Boreas 44, no. 2 (2015): 255–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bor.12111.

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40

Clark, Chris D. "Palaeogeographic maps of the retreat of the last British-Irish Ice Sheet." Quaternary International 279-280 (November 2012): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2012.07.397.

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41

Clark, Chris D., Anna L. C. Hughes, Sarah L. Greenwood, Colm Jordan, and Hans Petter Sejrup. "Pattern and timing of retreat of the last British-Irish Ice Sheet." Quaternary Science Reviews 44 (June 2012): 112–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2010.07.019.

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42

Eamer, Jordan B. R., Dan H. Shugar, Ian J. Walker, Olav B. Lian, Christina M. Neudorf, and Alice M. Telka. "A glacial readvance during retreat of the Cordilleran Ice Sheet, British Columbia central coast." Quaternary Research 87, no. 3 (2017): 468–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/qua.2017.16.

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AbstractDescriptions of the Cordilleran Ice Sheet retreat after the last glacial maximum have included short-lived readvances occurring during the Older and Younger Dryas stadial periods and into the Holocene, but identification of these events has been largely limited to southwest and central British Columbia and northwest Washington State. We present evidence of a late Pleistocene readvance of Cordilleran ice occurring on the central coast of British Columbia on Calvert Island, between northern Vancouver Island and Haida Gwaii. Evidence is provided by sedimentological and paleoecological inf

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43

Finlayson, Andrew G. "Ice dynamics and sediment movement: last glacial cycle, Clyde basin, Scotland." Journal of Glaciology 58, no. 209 (2012): 487–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/2012jog11j207.

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AbstractThe nature and behaviour of sediment beneath glaciers influences how they flow and respond to changing environmental conditions. The difficulty of accessing the bed of current glaciers is a key constraint to studying the processes involved. This paper explores an alternative approach by relating sediments under the beds of former mid-latitude ice sheets to changing ice behaviour during a glacial cycle. The paper focuses on the partly marine-based Pleistocene British-Irish ice sheet in the Clyde basin, Scotland. A three-dimensional computation of subsurface glacial sediment distribution

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44

Bradwell, Tom. "What happened to the last British Ice Sheet? Ice streaming, flow switching and grounding events during demise." Quaternary International 279-280 (November 2012): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2012.07.281.

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45

Livingstone, Stephen J., Colm Ó. Cofaigh, and David J. A. Evans. "A major ice drainage pathway of the last British-Irish Ice Sheet: the Tyne Gap, northern England." Journal of Quaternary Science 25, no. 3 (2010): 354–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jqs.1341.

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46

Huybrechts, Philippe, Daniel Steinhage, Frank Wilhelms, and Jonathan Bamber. "Balance velocities and measured properties of the Antarctic ice sheet from a new compilation of gridded data for modelling." Annals of Glaciology 30 (2000): 52–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/172756400781820778.

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AbstractThis paper presents a new compilation of gridded datasets for three-dimensional modelling of the Antarctic ice sheet. These are for surface elevation, ice thickness, bedrock elevation and accumulation rate as interpolated on a 281 × 281 mesh with 20 km spacing, and encompass all the ice sheet and surrounding continental shelf. Data sources include the Bamber digital-elevation model from ERS-1 radar-altimeter data, a redigitization of available ice-thickness data, the Giovinetto accumulation data, recent ice-thickness data from British and German expeditions as well as accumulation data

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47

Huntley, David H., Adrian S. Hickin, and Olav B. Lian. "The pattern and style of deglaciation at the Late Wisconsinan Laurentide and Cordilleran ice sheet limits in northeastern British Columbia." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 54, no. 1 (2017): 52–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2016-0066.

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This paper reports on the landform assemblages at the northern confluence of the Late Wisconsinan Laurentide and Cordilleran ice sheets with montane and piedmont glaciers in the northern Rockies and southern Mackenzie Mountains. Recent observations in northeastern British Columbia refine our knowledge of the pattern and style of ice sheet retreat, glacial lake formation, and meltwater drainage. At the onset of deglaciation, confluent Laurentide and Cordilleran terminal ice margins lay between 59°N, 124°30′W and 60°N, 125°15′W. From this terminal limit, ice sheets retreated into north-central B

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48

Jackson,, Lionel E., and John J. Clague. "The Cordilleran Ice Sheet: One Hundred and Fifty Years of Exploration and Discovery." Géographie physique et Quaternaire 45, no. 3 (2007): 269–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/032874ar.

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ABSTRACT Present concepts about the Cordilleran Ice Sheet are the product of observations and ideas of several generations of earth scientists. The limits of glaciation in the Cordillera were established in the last half of the nineteenth century by explorers and naturalists, notably G. M. Dawson, R. G. McConnell, and T. C. Chamberlin. By the turn of the century, the gross configuration of the Cordilleran Ice Sheet had been determined, but the causes of glaciation and ice-sheet dynamics remained poorly understood. This early period of exploration and discovery was followed by a transitional pe

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49

Greenwood, Sarah L. "A map and database of dates constraining the last British-Irish Ice Sheet." Quaternary International 279-280 (November 2012): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2012.08.262.

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Clague, John J., and Thomas S. James. "History and isostatic effects of the last ice sheet in southern British Columbia." Quaternary Science Reviews 21, no. 1-3 (2002): 71–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0277-3791(01)00070-1.

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