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Journal articles on the topic 'British India'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Kalapala, Kalpana Rani, and Dr E. Bhavani. "KIRAN DESAI’S PRESENTATION OF THE CHARACTERS FROM DIASPORIC PERSPECTIVE IN THE INHERITANCE OF LOSS." Journal of English Language and Literature 09, no. 03 (2022): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.54513/joell.2022.9306.

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The Inheritance of Loss requires background information on two major historical movements in India. The first is British colonial rule in India and eventual Indian independence. At the end of the 16th century, the British aimed to challenge the Portuguese monopoly of trade with Asia. The British East India Company was chartered to carry on the spice trade. In the mid18th century, the British forces, whose duty until then consisted of protecting Company property, teamed up with the commander in chief of the Bengali army, Mir Jafar, to overthrow the leader of Bengal. Jafar was then installed on

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Khan, Afsheen, and Dr Mona Dandwate. "Contribution of the British To Develop Indian English Literature." International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research Configuration 2, no. 1 (2022): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.52984/ijomrc2102.

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Development of Indian English Literature in India gathered momentum with the consolidation of British imperialism in India. As we know the British sow the seed of Indian Writing in English during the period of the British rule in India. English language and literature in India starts with the advent of East India Company in India. It all started in the summers of 1608 when Emperor Jahangir, in the courts of Mughals, welcomed Captain William Hawkins, Commander of British Naval Expedition Hector. It was India's first tryst with an Englishman and English. Jahangir later allowed Britain to open a

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Choudhary, Nandini. "British East India in Company." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Volume-2, Issue-5 (2018): 1116–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd17046.

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Mondal, Tarun Kumar. "Mapping India since 1767: transformation from colonial to postcolonial image." Miscellanea Geographica 23, no. 4 (2019): 210–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mgrsd-2019-0023.

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Abstract Indian civilization has over 2500 years of mapping tradition. With the establishment of the Survey of India in 1767, British rulers initiated the mapping of colonial India with high precision and accuracy. They started mapping to establish British power and supremacy in the Indian subcontinent that portrayed a British image of India. Following independence in 1947, the Survey of India and other national agencies started mapping India for planning and development. Hence, questions have been raised that, how far British image of India have been transformed into an Indian image. In this

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Gibson, Mary Ellis. "INTRODUCTION: ENGLISH IN INDIA, INDIA IN ENGLAND." Victorian Literature and Culture 42, no. 3 (2014): 325–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1060150314000011.

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As we planned this special issue of Victorian Literature and Culture, the editors of VLC and I engaged in a lively exchange – what title could capture such a sprawling arena of concern? Victorian India seemed short and sweet. And yet one must ask, which Victorian India? Whose Victorian India? Do we mean India and Indians in the British Isles? British traders, soldiers, and administrators in Britain or Indian subjects across the subcontinent? What about an imagined Britain in India? An imagined India in Britain? The essays collected here represent varied answers to these questions. They also ch

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Tak, Sonakshi, and Dr Rashmi Bhatnagar. "British Pillage of India: A Postcolonial Analysis of Shashi Tharoor’s “An Era of Darkness” and Naipaul's “India: A Million Mutinies Now”." International Journal of English Literature and Social Sciences 9, no. 2 (2024): 001–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijels.92.1.

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Shashi Tharoor and V. S. Naipaul attempted to discuss the innumerable mistreatments perpetrated by the British Raj in their nonfiction works "An Era of Darkness" and "India: A Million Mutinies Now," respectively. The title plainly indicates that the British governed India for two centuries during which time there was darkness, mutiny, and exploitation. Because of them, Indians were subjected to terrible humiliation and misery, and they were pulled into poverty. The aftermath of such sad events is still present. Due to situations such as Britishers feeling smug, Indians were prohibited from pub

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Dr., Muhammad Hassnain Sahir, та Muhammad Sakhi Khan Dr. "ہندوستانی تہذیب اورمعیشت کازوال (انگریزوں کی آمدسے1857ء تک): تاریخی جائزہ". AL-MISBAH research journal 4, № 3 (2024): 15–24. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13926354.

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<strong>ABSTRACT</strong> Most people do not know that before the British East India Company took over, India was the economically strongest country in the world during the reign of Emperor Aurangzeb Alamgir (1616-1707). India used to generate a one fourth of the world's GDP, while Britain's share was just 2% during the same period. The lands of India were fertile and rich in all types of resources. Indian people were skilled and hardworking. Cotton cloth and muslin were in demand all over the world. Whereas India had no equal in the steel and shipbuilding industries. But the entire scenario c

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ARIF, AHMAD NENGROO. "Education as a Tool to Govern British India." Praxis International Journal of Social Sciences and Literature 1, no. 3 (2018): 2–6. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6524784.

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Abstract The purpose of this study is to explore the steps of British government in educating the Indian masses. The study is based on secondary source of data. The British’s come India for the purpose of trade in the form of East India Company. As soon as time passes they annexed a number of states. To govern on these states they need educate people. To take all the people from their homeland was most costly. This urges the British Government to start education in India. The purpose was to prepare a class of people which acts as a bridge between the British’s and Indian masses.

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Stagg, Steven, Fathima Kodakkadan, and Santhosh Kareepadath Rajan. "Stress and resilience in British Indian parents with an autistic child: a comparative study with white British and Indian parents." Advances in Autism 9, no. 3 (2023): 279–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aia-09-2022-0048.

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Purpose This study aims to examine the levels of stress and resilience in a sample of British Indian parents bringing up a child with autism. Design/methodology/approach A total of 52 British Indian parents took part in a survey that included measures of stress, resilience, support and child adaptive functioning. Results were compared to a sample of white British (n = 120) and Indian parents (n = 120). Findings The British Indian parents recorded higher levels of stress and less perceived social support than their white British counterparts. British Indian parents took longer to register conce

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Semmannan, K. "The Analysis of Indian Councils Act of 1909." Journal of Research & Development 15, no. 20 (2023): 60–61. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10156007.

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<strong>Abstract:</strong>"The Indian Councils Act of 1909" was an important Act of the Government of British India and which was a step towards included the Indian representatives  in the government. Then this Act referred also to as "Morley- Minto reforms" also named after the Officials of British "Lord Minto" and "Lord John Morley" and they played an important role in drafting of this Act. Both of them were the Viceroy of India and Secretary of State of India in the British rule in India in the year between 1905-1910 . In early 20th century, there were two developments that emerge

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D.S.Sreedhara. "CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES OF QUIT INDIA MOVEMENT- AN ANALYSIS." Shanlax International Journal of Arts, Science and Humanities 6, S2 (2019): 69–77. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2651939.

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<em>The Quit India Movement came at a time when the British supremacy was crumbling with the approach of Japanese forces towards the Indian sub-continent and the British’s apparent inability to defend Indian territory. At the backdrop of the Second World War, the British found themselves losing grip over the Indian affairs but holding on to it firmly inspite of adverse situations. The League’s demand for a separate state, the failure of Cripps’ proposals, the Indian public unrest and Gandhi’s own skepticism about the ability of the British to defend India-have all led t

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Bagotia, Hardeep. "British India: the Watershed In Indian Women’S Status and Political Rights." Journal of Advances and Scholarly Researches in Allied Education 15, no. 7 (2018): 198–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.29070/15/57924.

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Trautmann, Thomas R. "Discovering Aryan and Dravidian in British India." Historiographia Linguistica 31, no. 1 (2004): 33–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hl.31.1.04tra.

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Summary British India was an especially fruitful site for the development of historical linguistics. Four major, unanticipated discoveries were especially associated with the East India Company: those of Indo-European, Dravidian, Malayo-Polynesian and the Indo-Aryan nature of Romani. It is argued that they came about in British India because the European tradition of language analysis met and combined with aspects of the highly sophisticated Indian language analysis. The discoveries of Indo-European and Dravidian, the subject of this article, were connected with the British-Indian cities of Ca

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Mandal, Ram Krishna, and Ms Bar Yakar. "The Economic Condition of India under the British Crown Rule after the East India Company Rule (1858-1947): An Analytical Study." Saudi Journal of Economics and Finance 9, no. 05 (2025): 175–81. https://doi.org/10.36348/sjef.2025.v09i05.003.

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The British East India Company used the enormous sums of money produced by the provinces under its control to buy Indian commodities, raw resources, and spices. The company's political clout in India steadily grew starting in 1757. India saw frequent famines, widespread poverty, a high percentage of illiteracy, and one of the lowest life expectancies in the world. Objective: Examining India's economic situation under the British Crown rule after East India Company rule is the study's goal. Method and Materials: The study is based on a wide range of published and unpublished research articles,

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Jirjees, Dr zinah Harith. "Impact of the British Occupation on Qadiani Emergence in India(1888-1908)." ALUSTATH JOURNAL FOR HUMAN AND SOCIAL SCIENCES 223, no. 2 (2018): 545–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.36473/ujhss.v223i2.358.

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In Southeast Asia, witnessed India Important historical events during the time of the British occupation of the country, which represents the British East India Company, the British government began to follow a policy to weaken the Muslims rulers of India through a divide and rule among the Indian people .The Government worked to bring Hindus to support to them on the one hand the deployment of the band among Indian Muslims by creating sects and religious difference stray, and sow doubt in the minds of Indian Muslims in their faith and religion,The British government to implement its plan by s

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Jirjees, Dr zinah Harith. "Impact of the British Occupation on Qadiani Emergence in India (1888-1908)." ALUSTATH JOURNAL FOR HUMAN AND SOCIAL SCIENCES 224, no. 2 (2018): 285–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.36473/ujhss.v224i2.281.

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In Southeast Asia, witnessed India Important historical events during the time of the British occupation of the country, which represents the British East India Company, the British government began to follow a policy to weaken the Muslims rulers of India through a divide and rule among the Indian people .The Government worked to bring Hindus to support to them on the one hand the deployment of the band among Indian Muslims by creating sects and religious difference stray, and sow doubt in the minds of Indian Muslims in their faith and religion,The British government to implement its plan by s

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Shahparan, Mohammad. "The Cultural Conflicts on E.M. Forster a Passage to India: From Post - Colonial Perspective." Journal of World Science 2, no. 6 (2023): 785–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.58344/jws.v2i6.271.

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A Passage to India is an outstanding English novel from the early 20th century. This is the most successful novel written by EM Forster. Unlike other writers of fiction on colonial or postcolonial matters, Forster attempts to enrich the anti-hostile communication between British colonialists and colonized Indians in this acclaimed novel. The purpose of this study was to find out the beliefs and attitudes of British people towards non-English people that reflect cultural conflicts.This research uses a quantitative research type. Personal relations between Britain and India at the level of equal

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A., Ushadevi. "BATTLE OF PLASSEY: CONSEQUENCES, CAUSES AND RESULTS." Shanlax International Journal of Arts, Science and Humanities 6, S2 (2019): 114–20. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2580661.

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<em>The Battle of Plassey was important because of the impact it had on who would control India. Before this battle, the British East India Company, the French, and independent Indian rulers were all vying for control of various parts of the country. In this battle, the British company (led by Robert Clive, who then became famous as "Clive of India) defeated the French and an independent Indian ruler, the Nawab of Bengal. This battle gave the British control over much of Bengal and, by extension, helped them to become the dominant colonial power in India.</em><em>This resulted in strength

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Biradar, Sarojini. "British Colonial Rule: Impact on Indian Economy and Society." Journal of Research and Development 17, no. 1 (2025): 60–64. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14948777.

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<strong><em>Abstract: </em></strong> <em>Discuss the reasons for the British to come to India; identify the various methods used by the British to colonize India; study the economic impact during the British rule; describe the British impact on Indian society and culture; and identify the reasons for the protest movements that took place under their rule before the revolt of 1857. The British rule in India, spanning nearly two centuries, left a profound and multi-faceted impact on the subcontinent. From its establishment in the mid-18th century to its eventual culmination in 1947, British colo

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Merivirta, Raita. "Valkoisen linssin läpi." Lähikuva – audiovisuaalisen kulttuurin tieteellinen julkaisu 32, no. 4 (2020): 7–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.23994/lk.90785.

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Englantilaisen Richard Attenborough’n ohjaama Gandhi (1982) on Mohandas K. Gandhin (1869–1948) elämää ihailevasti tarkasteleva historiallinen suurelokuva, joka kuvaa nimihenkilön elämän ohella myös sitä, kuinka brittiläinen imperiumi luopui Intiasta vuonna 1947 intialaisten vuosikymmeniä kestäneen itsenäisyyskamppailun jälkeen.Tässä artikkelissa Gandhia luetaan brittien itselleen kertomana tarinana imperialismistaan ja kolonialismistaan ja niiden päättymisestä Intiassa. Tähän liittyy kiinteästi kysymys rotusuhteista kolonisoidussa Intiassa. Artikkelissa kysytään mitä Gandhi kertoo katsojilleen

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Alcolado Carnicero, José Miguel. "From Great Britain to the Spanish Philippines via British India… and back." Lexicographica 39, no. 1 (2023): 279–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/lex-2023-0014.

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Abstract This research uncovers lexical contact between English and other languages in texts about the part of the Spanish Philippines under the control of the British East India Company from September 1762 to April 1764. Better known as the Manilha Consultations, the texts in English sent to, and received from, British India are scrutinised in search of the British East India Company’s vocabulary. That vocabulary partly consists of lexemes found in the English/British East India Company’s consultations worldwide but unrecorded in monolingual dictionaries and glossaries of major and/or minor v

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Radhakrishnan, Sreejith, Abi Tamim Vanak, Pierre Nouvellet, and Christl A. Donnelly. "Rabies as a Public Health Concern in India—A Historical Perspective." Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease 5, no. 4 (2020): 162. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed5040162.

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India bears the highest burden of global dog-mediated human rabies deaths. Despite this, rabies is not notifiable in India and continues to be underprioritised in public health discussions. This review examines the historical treatment of rabies in British India, a disease which has received relatively less attention in the literature on Indian medical history. Human and animal rabies was widespread in British India, and treatment of bite victims imposed a major financial burden on the colonial Government of India. It subsequently became a driver of Pasteurism in India and globally and a key c

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Nikitin, Dmitrii. "The Indian National Movement in the Works of A. E. Snesarev." Genesis: исторические исследования, no. 7 (July 2022): 93–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-868x.2022.7.36051.

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The subject of the study is the reflection of the activities of the Indian National Congress and the national movement in India in the works of A. E. Snesarev, a Russian and Soviet military commander and orientalist. The article examines the history of the study of the Indian national movement in Russia by A. E. Snesarev's predecessors in this field - I. P. Minaev and E. Lamansky (1870-1890s). The reasons for A. E. Snesarev's appeal to the development of socio-political and economic thought of British India are analyzed. Special attention is paid in the article to the work "India as the main f

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Yapp, M. A. "British Perceptions of the Russian Threat to India." Modern Asian Studies 21, no. 4 (1987): 647–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x00009264.

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Soviet writers have often claimed that there was no Russian threat to India. They have pointed, correctly, to the circumstance that no invasion attempt was ever launched and have stated that those projects which were canvassed were no more than the ideas of hotheaded generals and the like, were never adopted by the Russian Government and cannot be taken seriously. Further, they have pointed to the rejection of approaches made to Russian authorities by discontented Indians who sought Russian assistance in overthrowing British rule in India. Talk of the defence of British India, with its implica

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Zubair Farooq and Dr. Premchandar P. "COLONIZATION'S LINGERING INFLUENCE: EXAMINING THE IMPACT ON INDIAN ENGLISH LITERATURE." International Journal of Social Science, Educational, Economics, Agriculture Research and Technology (IJSET) 2, no. 4 (2023): 1325–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.54443/ijset.v2i4.148.

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India is a rich site for studying intertextuality and influence due to its contemporary and colonial history of postcolonial culture. British imperialism in India was more pragmatic than other colonial powers, being motivated by economics rather than evangelism. During the emergence of Orientalism, India was the first nation to have a literary impact on the West, but this equation was reversed during colonial intervention. While some critics denounce or acclaim the West's effect on India, Indian writers' responses show complex instances of intertextuality and influence in the form of reception

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Sikander, Mushtaq Ul Haq Ahmad. "Islamophobia in India." Journal of the Contemporary Study of Islam 2, no. 2 (2021): 180–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.37264/jcsi.v2i2.66.

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The Indian Muslims are numerically largest among the South Asian nations. They constitute the largest minority in India. Since the partition of the Indian subcontinent in 1947 that ended British colonialism and resulted in freedom of India and creation of Pakistan, those Muslims that remained in India have been suffering immensely at the hands of Indian State, save for a minority of elites who have ‘progressed.’ This paper explores systematic Islamophobia in India against Kashmiris and Indian Muslims and how it impacts Muslims across the country despite diversity in the community. A historical

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Nandini, Choudhary. "British East India in Company." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development 2, no. 5 (2018): 1116–20. https://doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd17046.

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This research paper explores about British East India Company in India .Evolution of East India Company drove from the four factors the decline of Mughal Empire, Anglo French Imperial Rivalry, French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars. East India Company transformed from private stock company to quasi governmental institution. Between early 1600s and the mid 19th century the British East India Company guide the establishment and enlargement of international trade to Asia and lead to economic and political domination of the entire Indian Sub Continent. East India Company 1600 1857 lease by Queen

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Anuradha, V. "18TH CENTURY URBANIZATION IN SOUTH INDIA AND TRANSFORMATION INTO BRITISH IMPERIAL ARCHITECTURE WITH SPECIAL FOCUS ON URBAN SPACES OF BANGALORE." JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH 10, no. 1 (2017): 1995–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jssr.v10i1.6600.

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The colonial structures that still stand today in India are the product of careful fabrication of British thought. The British government was afraid of what kind of legacy they would leave behind when exiting India in 1947. Today, years after the independence of India, one is still able to see such a legacy in stone: the colonial architecture and cities that are still in existence. The styles of architecture employed by the British Raj were systematically chosen, dependent on the location and utilization of a given city. The British were trying to consecrate their power through architectural r

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Sarma, Kuntal. "Entangled Histories: Aden, India and the British India Project." RESEARCH REVIEW International Journal of Multidisciplinary 9, no. 10 (2024): 220–25. https://doi.org/10.31305/rrijm.2024.v09.n10.026.

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This study looks into the multifaceted relationship between Aden and India, tracing its history from ancient times until the British colonial period. Because of its strategic location at the crossroads of major economic routes, Aden was an important entrepot connecting India to the Mediterranean, Africa, and the Middle East. The study looks at evidence of early ties, such as marine trade and the exchange of cultural and religious ideas. It examines how Indian communities, primarily merchants and sailors, established a significant presence in Aden, contributing to the city's economic expansion

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Prof., B. G. Math. "A Study Social and Economical Impact of British Rule in India." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development 3, no. 5 (2019): 1059–62. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3590520.

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The British principle in India for around 200 years deserted it some changeless engraving in the financial, political and social existence of Indians. Whatever improvements political, regulatory monetary, social or scholarly India saw during two centuries of British principle here were not arranged by the pioneer rulers out of any altruistic mission for the welfare of Indians however were just results of the supreme rulers bigger point of keeping their hold over India and for advancing the political, financial or material interests of their own nation. Jawaharlal Nehru has appropriately remark

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Asim, Jaiswal. "Article 370." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development 2, no. 5 (2018): 1011–16. https://doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd17026.

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Article 370 deals exclusively with Jammu and Kashmir State that came under the administrative control of the Government of India after the country's 15 month war that Pakistan started in 1947 to seize sovereignty and is arguably the most controversial provision of the Constitution of India. x The origin of Article 370 can be traced back to British Raj in India. Prior to the partition of 1947, India was divided in two different sets of geographical regions provinces which constituted 60 of the land area of the sub continent known as British India and princely states which constituted the re

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Ansari, S. M. Razaullah. "Modern Astronomy in Indo – Persian Sources." Highlights of Astronomy 11, no. 2 (1998): 730–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s153929960001861x.

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The Period from 1858 to 1947 is known as the British Period of Indian History. After the fall of Mughal empire, when the first war of independence against British colonisers failed in 1857, and the East India Company’s Government was transferred to the British Crown in 1858. However only in 1910, a Department of Education was established by the (British) Govt, of India and in the following decades modern universities were established in various important Indian towns, wherein Western / European type education and training with English as medium of instruction were imparted. However more than a

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Zobaer, Sheikh. "Pre-partition India and the Rise of Indian Nationalism in Amitav Ghosh’s 'The Shadow Lines'." Rainbow: Journal of Literature, Linguistics and Cultural Studies 9, no. 2 (2020): 156–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/rainbow.v9i2.40231.

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The Shadow Lines is mostly celebrated for capturing the agony and trauma of the artificial segregation that divided the Indian subcontinent in 1947. However, the novel also provides a great insight into the undivided Indian subcontinent during the British colonial period. Moreover, the novel aptly captures the rise of Indian nationalism and the struggle against the British colonial rule through the revolutionary movements. Such image of pre-partition India is extremely important because the picture of an undivided India is what we need in order to compare the scenario of pre-partition India wi

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Sidra Hanif. "The Evolution of Indian Attire: Tracing the Origins of the Frock." Social Science Review Archives 3, no. 1 (2025): 1135–43. https://doi.org/10.70670/sra.v3i1.411.

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In apparel choices and in appearance women of India were more indebted and more influenced towards European modernity. The origin of frock in the Indian vicinity dates back to the colonial era. As compare to the Mughal garments the adoption of European styles was more popular because of their comfort and ease in designs. Their garments were more functional and practical due to their unique styles. During the British Raj the release of “Purda” system from the Indian society was the first step towards modesty. The Western education for the females in India brings many changes particularly in sar

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Chervin, Reed. "“Cartographic Aggression”: Media Politics, Propaganda, and the Sino-Indian Border Dispute." Journal of Cold War Studies 22, no. 3 (2020): 225–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jcws_a_00911.

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The middle of the twentieth century witnessed a serious border dispute between China and India. This article explores how these countries used multiple media (e.g., historical documents and film) to support their respective territorial claims. The two countries pursued similar authoritarian approaches by expanding their archival holdings, banning books, and selectively redrawing maps. They regarded dissenting views not only as incorrect but as national security threats. China and India policed domestic media to legitimize government policies and to present their cases to the international comm

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Makala, Melissa Edmundson. "BETWEEN TWO WORLDS: RACIAL IDENTITY IN ALICE PERRIN'S THE STRONGER CLAIM." Victorian Literature and Culture 42, no. 3 (2014): 491–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1060150314000114.

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Like many Anglo-Indian novelists of her generation, Alice Perrin (1867–1934) gained fame through the publication and popular reception of several domestic novels based in India and England. However, within the traditional Anglo-Indian romance plot, Perrin often incorporated subversive social messages highlighting racial and cultural problems prevalent in India during the British Raj. Instead of relying solely on one-dimensional, sentimental British heroes and heroines, Perrin frequently chose non-British protagonists who reminded her contemporary readers of very real Anglo-Indian racial inequa

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Costa Lima, Felipe. "Mirroring its British masters." Conjuntura Austral 13, no. 62 (2022): 64–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.22456/2178-8839.116728.

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The Indian state has been adopting controversial policies for countering the Maoist insurgency. Even worse, this behaviour seems to mirror Britishcolonial attitudes against India’s population at some level. Consequently, this article attempts to understand this probable ‘paradoxical’ conduct. Withthe support of the post-structuralist theory, I discuss state and outsourced terrorist practices of the Indian state apparatus against this insurgency. Toreach this goal, first, I try to explicate the concept of state terrorism and its application in India. Then, I analyse the historical development o

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J.G.Nataraju. "ARRIVAL OF THE BRITISH AND ESTABLISHMENT OF BRITISH EAST INDIA COMPANY- A STUDY." Shanlax International Journal of Arts, Science and Humanities 6, S2 (2019): 356–64. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3047071.

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<em>The British East India Company was a privately owned company which was established to create profitable trade with countries in the region of Asia called the "East Indies". Granted a Royal Charter by Queen Elizabeth in 1600, it became one of the most powerful mercantile organizations in the world by maintaining a monopoly on the importation of exotic goods (notably cotton, tea, and silk) from India into Britain. It also maintained a standing military, which was used in many cases to consolidate and enforce local authority in Indian territories. Official Company rule of India, or

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Copland, Ian. "‘Communalism’ in Princely India: The Case of Hyderabad, 1930–1940." Modern Asian Studies 22, no. 4 (1988): 783–814. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x00015742.

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The time has come when the communal holocaust must be confined to the Indian States, the time has come when both the Hindu and Muslim newspapers must be prevented from blowing communalism into British India. There was a time when our politicians like Gokhale rightly used to take pride in Indian States being free from communalism, which was a vice in British India.… But the table appears to have been turned.

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K., Kavitha. "Murder of British Inspector Wilfred Loane." Shanlax Internatioanl Journal of Arts, Science and Humanities 9, S3 (2022): 165–68. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6566473.

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Independence of India is not a hand-picked fruit from a dwarf tree, for enjoying without even considering the efforts of plucking it. It is a cooperative struggle of millions of people who readily sacrificed their lives to achieve independence. The fire of Independence has spread all over India from north to as far as south. In the Southern part of India, there were a lot of revolts and feuds against the reign of the British. The ultimate motto of all these protestors was to set their motherland free from the domination of atrocious foreigners.Among those revolts, the murder of a few British o

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Dr. Ravi Kumar Tyagi and Mr. Rajender kumar. "Review Of Judicial System In Ancient India." Legal Research Development 3, no. I (2018): 01–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.53724/lrd/v3n1.02.

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India has the highest law in the world. There is no other form of judgment with an individual or higher. But before describing the judiciary system in ancient India I have to give a warning. The learner should reject the major allegations of the Jurisprudence of India as well as the Indian law enforcement system by some British writers. I will make a few examples. Henry Maine described the ancient Indian legal system as "a tool for evil". The Anglo-Indian lawyer called this “Indian life” practices before Britain came back to India: “It (British rule in India) is a survey of foreign directors t

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Srikrishna, B. N. "The Indian Legal System." International Journal of Legal Information 36, no. 2 (2008): 242–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0731126500003024.

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The legal system in India follows the common law model prevalent in the countries which were at one time under British Rule or were part of the British Commonwealth. The jurisprudence followed in India is almost the same as the one prevalent in England, though it has been cross-fertilized by typical Indian values.

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Phoenix, Karen. "A Social Gospel for India." Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era 13, no. 2 (2014): 200–222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1537781414000073.

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This article discusses the ways that secretaries in the U.S. Young Women's Christian Association (USYWCA) used the Social Gospel to create a type of imagined community, which I call Y-space, in India. In the United States, USYWCA secretaries emphasized Social Gospel ideals such as the personal embodiment of Christ-like behavior, inclusivity, and working for the progress of society. In India, USYWCA secretaries used these same ideas to try to make Y-space an alternative to both the exclusive, traditional, British imperial “clubland” and the growing Hindu and Muslim nationalist movement. Instead

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Singh, Amit Kumar. "From Colonial Castaways to Current Tribulation: Tragedy of Indian Hijra." Unisia 40, no. 2 (2022): 297–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.20885/unisia.vol40.iss2.art3.

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This article analyses the current human rights situation of hijras (eunuchs) in India against the background of Criminal Tribes Act (CTA) in 1871. This article argues that British colonial construct/imposition of masculinity on Indian hijras by classifying them as ‘criminal tribes’ have adversely impacted their lives not only in British India, but also in Contemporary India. To support main argument, article also contextualizes gender theories in the light of hijra’s bodies.

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Doyle, Mark. "Massacre by the Book: Amritsar and the Rules of Public-Order Policing in Britain and India." Britain and the World 4, no. 2 (2011): 247–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/brw.2011.0025.

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In the immediate aftermath of the 1919 killings at Amritsar, where British forces commanded by Reginald Dyer gunned down hundreds of unarmed Indians at an illegal demonstration, debate centered on whether Dyer's actions were typical or atypical of British behavior in India. While British commentators generally regarded this violence as aberrant and ‘un-British,’ Indian nationalists and some British observers saw the killings as merely an unusually naked manifestation of the generalized violence of British imperialism. This article offers a re-examination of the Amritsar killings by placing Dye

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THANKAPPANNAIR, AJAYAN. "Evolution of Federalism in Modern India." In Gremium. Studies in History, Culture and Politics, no. 17 (March 28, 2024): 121–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.61826/ig.vi17.438.

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Federalism existed in ancient and medieval India in different forms. Immediately after the acquisition of power by the British, the colonial master began to centralize powers into the hands of the supreme government at Calcutta. The centralization of power reached its zenith with the enactment of the Charter Act of 1833. It formed one of the main reasons of the rebellion of 1857. Consequent upon which, the British dropped centralization tendency and began to decentralize power with the passage of the Indian Council’s Acts of 1861and 1892 and the Government of India Acts in 1909, 1919 and 1935.

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Soomro, Muhammad Akmal, and Mir Waheed Akhlaq. "British Indian Railways: The Economic Wheel of Colonization and Imperialism." Bulletin of Business and Economics (BBE) 12, no. 3 (2023): 895–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.61506/01.00282.

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The British Crown ruled in Sub-Continent for over two centuries, this was the era of darkness, slavery, the plundering of Indian resources, and ruthless economics & political policies. Indian land remained a consumer society and the producer of raw materials for the British Empire from the eighteen to the twentieth century, whereas, the vast and modern network of railways in India is considered to be Britain's greatest gift to the Indians. Undoubtedly, these railways have been an important means of transportation in India, but the British Colonizers did not build this system of railways in

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Avinash, Kumar, and Wasim Khan Abdul. "Impact of British Finance Capital on Indian National Movement." ACCST RESEARCH JOURNAL XX, no. 1, January 2022 (2022): 49–55. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7030706.

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                  The Indian national movement was undoubtedly one of the biggest movements current societies have ever seen. It was additionally notable and multi-class movement. It was basically the eventual outcome of a critical irregularity between the interest of the Indian people and that of British expansionism. The Indian people had the choice to see that India was backsliding economically and going through a course of underdevelopment. This adversary of traveler conviction framework and investigation of expansionism was spread during the ma

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Saeeda and Khalil ur Rehman. "Conservation or Implicit Destruction." Central Asia 86, Summer (2020): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.54418/ca-86.67.

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The Czarist Empire during the nineteenth century emerged on the scene as a Eurasian colonial power challenging British supremacy, especially in Central Asia. The trans-continental Russian expansion and the ensuing influence were on the march as a result of the increase in the territory controlled by Imperial Russia. Inevitably, the Russian advances in the Caucasus and Central Asia were increasingly perceived by the British as a strategic threat to the interests of the British Indian Empire. These geo-political and geo-strategic developments enhanced the importance of Afghanistan in the British

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Ayob, Azman. "India-Burma (Myanmar) Relations under British India Administration prior to 1937 Separation: Influx of Indians and Awakening of Nationalist Movements in Burma." Environment-Behaviour Proceedings Journal 9, SI22 (2024): 371–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/e-bpj.v9isi22.5892.

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The paper focuses on India-Burma relations under British India’s administration prior to the 1937 separation. As for data gathering, content analysis was adopted. The findings are analyzed through two perspectives: the influx of the Indians into Burma and the awakening of Burma’s nationalist movements related to Mahatma Gandhi. The findings of this study demonstrates that the influx of the Indian immigrants had eventually gave rise to the Burmese nationalist movements and the separation of Burma from British India was influenced by the Indian nationalists as well as a thought by Mahatma Gandhi

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