Academic literature on the topic 'British National Corpus'

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Journal articles on the topic "British National Corpus"

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Kretzschmar, William A. "British National Corpus Sampler." Journal of English Linguistics 27, no. 4 (December 1999): 382–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00754249922004697.

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Aroonmanakun, Wirote. "Creating the Thai National Corpus." MANUSYA 10, no. 3 (2007): 4–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/26659077-01003001.

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This paper reports on the progress of Thai National Corpus development. The TNC is designed as a general corpus of standard Thai. Only written texts are collected in the first phase. It aims to include at least eighty million words. Various text types produced by various authors are included in the TNC so that it would closely represent written language in general. Texts are word segmented and tagged following the Text Encoding Initiative (TEl) guidelines on text encoding. The TNC was designed as a resource for general applications, such as lexicography, language teaching, and linguistic research. In addition, the TNC is designed to be comparable to the British National Corpus so that a comparative study between the two languages is also possible.
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Bober, Nataliia, Yan Kapranov, Anna Kukarina, Tetiana Tron, and Tamara Nasalevych. "British National Corpus in English Language Teaching of University Students." International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research 20, no. 6 (June 30, 2021): 174–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.20.6.9.

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The article deals with the application of corpus-based direction in English language teaching of university students, suggested by Ukrainian scholars. The most representative corpus for English language teaching (ELT) is the British National Corpus (BNC), which offers many opportunities (e.g. search for specific word forms, search for word forms by lemmas, search for groups of word forms in the form of syntagms, etc.). The article presents the methodological algorithm of university students' work with the BNC during English classes based on the verbs denoting human emotional states. The methodology of work with BNC consists of three stages: 1) a student has to compile the initial lexicographic register of basic verb denoting emotional states; 2) a student has to measure the frequency of each unit in the corpus usage; and 3) a student has to analyse, described and record all corpus calculations. The main benefits of the findings for the future relevant studies may be described in the following way: the work with corpus tools in ELT is aimed at students performing the following successive steps: 1) processing concordances, 2) calculating the absolute frequency, 3) analysing the left and right valence, and 4) modelling clusters to build cognitive-semantic profiles of the studied units, which will allow university students to understand the essence of every grammatical, lexical, and syntactical unit.
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Anggraeni, Diana. "INTRANSITIVE PHRASAL VERBS WITH PARTICLE 'THROUGH' IN BRITISH NATIONAL CORPUS." Lire Journal (Journal of Linguistics and Literature) 3, no. 1 (March 31, 2019): 22–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.33019/lire.v3i1.48.

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The aim of this study is to describe the intransitive phrasal verbs with particlethrough used in the British National Corpus. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative method. Linguistic data sources were taken from the British National Corpus. The data containing the phrasal verbs with particle through, collected and then classified into several categories. The categories that are suitable for the purpose of the research are separated and labeled and then explained in a narrative according to the theory and research objectives. The results showed that the intransitive phrasal verbs with particle through in the British National Corpus consisted of two types, namely dynamic and stative intransitive phrasal verbs. Dynamic intransitive is a phrasal verbs with a particle through which indicates the existence of an activity or event carried out by the subject of the sentence. Dynamic intransitive phrasal verbs consist of phrasal verbs belonging to event verbs and activity verbs. Stative intransitive phrasal verbs are classified as existence verbs.
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Wang, Jiawei. "Love, R. (2020). Overcoming Challenges in Corpus Construction: The spoken British National Corpus 2014." International Journal of Corpus Linguistics 25, no. 4 (October 23, 2020): 504–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ijcl.00032.wan.

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Grant, Lynn E. "Frequency of ‘core idioms’ in the British National Corpus (BNC)." International Journal of Corpus Linguistics 10, no. 4 (November 7, 2005): 429–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ijcl.10.4.03gra.

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This article looks at how a comprehensive list of one category of idioms, that of ‘core idioms’, was established. When the criteria to define a core idiom were strictly applied to a dictionary of idioms, the result was that the large number of ‘idioms’ was reduced to a small number of ‘core idioms’. The original list from the first source dictionary was added to by applying the same criteria to other idiom dictionaries, and other sources of idioms. Once the list was complete, a corpus search of the final total of 104 ‘core idioms’ was carried out in the British National Corpus (BNC). The search revealed that none of the 104 core idioms occurs frequently enough to merit inclusion in the 5,000 most frequent words of English.
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Takahashi, Kaoru. "A Study of Register Variation in the British National Corpus." Digital Scholarship in the Humanities 21, no. 1 (May 18, 2005): 111–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/llc/fqi028.

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Chugaeva, Tatiana N., Olga V. Baiburova, Anton A. Vakhotin, and Svetlana Y. Dmitrieva. "STATISTIC-LINGUISTIC COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE PERCEPTUAL TYPES OF A RUSSIAN AND AN ENGLISH WORD (BASED ON NCRL, BNC, ANC)." Theoretical and Applied Linguistics, no. 3 (2019): 273–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.22250/2410-7190_2019_5_3_273_291.

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Corpus research presents obvious benefits, though linguists approach the material in various ways. For example, corpus linguists approach data in an exploratory way, whereas psycholinguists more often tend to combine corpus data and experimental research. The current work uses the theoretical systemic approach to describe the two frequency strata of the three corpora (Russian National Corpus, British National Corpus and Open American National Corpus) and build the classification of phonetic word types in Russian and English (British and American). The aim of the research is to draw up the phonetic (perceptive) classification of the corresponding languages and to describe the identity of their sound systems based on these types. The high frequency and the frequency strata of the three corpora have been analyzed to identify the words characterized by the following linguistic features: length in syllables, stressed vowel, rhythmic structure, etc. The data comparison discovered more distinctions than similarities among the three corpora...
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Gilner, Leah, and Frank Morales. "Corpus-Based Frequency Profiling: Migration To A Word List Based On The British National Corpus." Buckingham Journal of Language and Linguistics 1 (June 22, 2010): 41–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5750/bjll.v1i0.3.

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The selection and assessment of ELT materials involve multiple criteria. The use of frequency word lists to profile the vocabulary makeup of a text is one such criterion. It provides a quantifiable characterization and classification of lexical material in terms of corpus-based frequency measures. The process of vocabulary profiling is not without challenges, first among which is the identification of a word list adequate for ELT. The choice will determine the amount of information, if any, that can be derived from a text. This paper provides an appraisal of a frequency word list based on the British National Corpus (BNC) and shows the benefits that can be gained by profiling with this list rather than with the long-established General Service List (West, 1953).
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Rundell, Michael. "The word on the street." English Today 11, no. 3 (July 1995): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266078400008415.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "British National Corpus"

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Love, Robbie. "The Spoken British National Corpus 2014 : design, compilation and analysis." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2018. http://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/90068/.

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The ESRC-funded Centre for Corpus Approaches to Social Science at Lancaster University (CASS) and the English Language Teaching group at Cambridge University Press (CUP) have compiled a new, publicly-accessible corpus of spoken British English from the 2010s, known as the Spoken British National Corpus 2014 (Spoken BNC2014). The 11.5 million-word corpus, gathered solely in informal contexts, is the first freely-accessible corpus of its kind since the spoken component of the original British National Corpus (the Spoken BNC1994), which, despite its age, is still used as a proxy for present-day English in research today. This thesis presents a detailed account of each stage of the Spoken BNC2014’s construction, including its conception, design, transcription, processing and dissemination. It also demonstrates the research potential of the corpus, by presenting a diachronic analysis of ‘bad language’ in spoken British English, comparing the 1990s to the 2010s. The thesis shows how the research team struck a delicate balance between backwards compatibility with the Spoken BNC1994 and optimal practice in the context of compiling a new corpus. Although comparable with its predecessor, the Spoken BNC2014 is shown to represent innovation in approaches to the compilation of spoken corpora. This thesis makes several useful contributions to the linguistic research community. The Spoken BNC2014 itself should be of use to many researchers, educators and students in the corpus linguistics and English language communities and beyond. In addition, the thesis represents an example of good practice with regards to academic collaboration with a commercial stakeholder. Thirdly, although not a ‘user guide’, the methodological discussions and analysis presented in this thesis are intended to help the Spoken BNC2014 to be as useful to as many people, and for as many purposes, as possible.
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Hunter, Gordon James Allan. "Statistical language modelling of dialogue material in the British national corpus." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2004. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1446734/.

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Statistical language modelling may not only be used to uncover the patterns which underlie the composition of utterances and texts, but also to build practical language processing technology. Contemporary language applications in automatic speech recognition, sentence interpretation and even machine translation exploit statistical models of language. Spoken dialogue systems, where a human user interacts with a machine via a speech interface in order to get information, make bookings, complaints, etc., are example of such systems which are now technologically feasible. The majority of statistical language modelling studies to date have concentrated on written text material (or read versions thereof). However, it is well-known that dialogue is significantly different from written text in its lexical content and sentence structure. Furthermore, there are expected to be significant logical, thematic and lexical connections between successive turns within a dialogue, but "turns" are not generally meaningful in written text. There is therefore a need for statistical language modeling studies to be performed on dialogue, particularly with a longer-term aim to using such models in human-machine dialogue interfaces. In this thesis, I describe the studies I have carried out on statistically modelling the dialogue material within the British National Corpus (BNC) - a very large corpus of modern British English compiled during the 1990s. This thesis presents a general introductory survey of the field of automatic speech recognition. This is followed by a general introduction to some standard techniques of statistical language modelling which will be employed later in the thesis. The structure of dialogue is discussed using some perspectives from linguistic theory, and reviews some previous approaches (not necessarily statistical) to modelling dialogue. Then a qualitative description is given of the BNC and the dialogue data within it, together with some descriptive statistics relating to it and results from constructing simple trigram language models for both dialogue and text data. The main part of the thesis describes experiments on the application of statistical language models based on word caches, word "trigger" pairs, and turn clustering to the dialogue data. Several different approaches are used for each type of model. An analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of these techniques is then presented. The results of the experiments lead to a better understanding of how statistical language modelling might be applied to dialogue for the benefit of future language technologies.
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Akiyama, Takanobu. "The infinitival relative clause in English : an analysis based on the British National Corpus." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.288962.

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Takahashi, Kaoru. "Typology of registers in the British national corpus : multi-feature and multi-dimensional analyses." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.497173.

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This thesis is concerned with text typology. In this thesis, the written part of the British National Corpus World Edition, which is a one hundred million-word collection of British Enghsh, will be used to study the characterisation of text types by identifying their linguistic characteristics. By means of multivariate analysis, the variation of the iccurrence of selected linguistic features among genre categories or registers will be classified. A multivariate analysis of this sort holds out the promise of being able to systematize the genre categories in the corpus while also revealing the characteristic linguistic features of the groups classified. The criteria for classification will be based exclusively on the dimensions revealed as significant by the multivariate analysis. The groupings will then be interpreted linguistically. This thesis also deals with the study of sociolinguistic variables which are fairly systematically associated with region, class, ethnic group, age, and gender.
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Hagström, Elin. "Emotion Adjectives : A corpus study of the use of terrified, petrified and horrified in British and American English." Thesis, Växjö University, School of Humanities, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-5317.

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For many non-native speakers of English it can be difficult to distinguish semantic differences between near-synonyms. In order to create idiomatically correct sentences in a language it is important to know which word to use in a specific context. This study deals with the emotion adjectives terrified, petrified and horrified, which all refer to an emotion of fear of something that can or will happen. The present research aims at exploring the meanings of these adjectives, in American English and British English, and to discover which words these adjectives tend to collocate with. To obtain data a British Corpus and an American corpus were used with fiction and newspaper as subcorpora. A quantitative method was used where the frequencies of terrified, petrified and horrified were counted. Secondly, the most frequent left- and right-hand collocates were studied. Due to the variety of collocations found, it was discovered that the meanings between the adjectives differ somewhat. The literal meaning of petrified is to be hard as a stone while the non-literal meaning is to be extremely afraid. The literal meanings of terrified and horrified are to be very afraid, but unlike terrified, horrified also seems to refer to being shocked. It can be stated that in accordance with how vague the adjective is in its meaning the more frequently it is used, i.e. terrified is the most frequent adjective in all subcorpora and in both varieties of English most frequently used while petrified is least frequently used.

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Holmberg, Mattias. "A Construction Grammar Analysis of the expression /on the one hand...on the other hand/." Thesis, Stockholm University, Department of English, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-8124.

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The expression /on the one hand…on the other hand/ (OH1 OH2) is a fixed linguistic pattern which is used to emphasize the comparison between two possibly complex propositions (henceforth X and Y). The static syntactic form of the pattern and the specific semantic comparison it evokes are strong indicators that it is a construction of the type discussed in the analytical method Construction Grammar (henceforth CxG). Thus, the aim of this essay is to argue that the pattern OH1X OH2Y is a CxG construction with specific syntactic and semantic constraints, and at the same time to give a descriptive account of the features of the construction. The British National Corpus was used to get examples containing the pattern. The syntactic and semantic features of these examples were analysed and the results were compared with how the traditional descriptive grammarians account for the pattern.

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Siikavaara, Josefina. "Gender differences in usage of bitch and cunt across time : An analysis of findings in the BNC1994 and the BNC2014." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för humaniora, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-35105.

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This essay presents a study on gender differences with a focus on swearing and taboo language, based on findings from the BNC1994 and the BNC2014. Bitch and cunt are two words that are linked to the female gender, but previous research has shown that they are used differently by men and women. The usage of the words differs in terms of frequency, but it has also been suggested that men and women tend to differ in the way they aim their usage of the words, whether the usage is directed toward men or women. The aim of the study is to analyse both corpora in order to find out how the usage of the words differs between men and women in different age categories, and how it has changed across time. Previous research on swearing, in connection to gender and age, is presented as well as a historical background of the words. The results show that the usage of bitch has increased but the usage of cunt has decreased. However, there are findings in the results that show that in addition to the change in frequency there has also been a change regarding how men and women tend to aim their usage of the words. Hopefully, the findings in this study could shed more light on the topic on gender differences and swearing.
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Sveen, Hanna Andersdotter. ""Honourable" or "Highly-sexed" : Adjectival Descriptions of Male and Female Characters in Victorian and Contemporary Children's Fiction." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of English, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-6247.

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This corpus-based study examines adjectives and adjectival expressions used to describe characters in British children’s fiction. The focus is on diachronic variation, by comparing Victorian (19th-century) and contemporary (late 20th-century) children’s fiction, and on gender variation, by comparing the descriptions of female and male characters. I adopt a qualitative as well as a quantitative approach, and consider factors such as lexical diversity, adjectival density, collocation patterns, evaluative meaning, syntactic function and distribution across semantic domains. Most findings are related to a dichotomy set up between an idealistic and a realistic portrayal of characters. The study shows that an idealistic portrayal of characters is typical of the Victorian material and a realistic portrayal of characters typical of the contemporary material. Further, gender differences are much more pronounced, and reflect traditional gender role patterns more in the Victorian material than in the contemporary material. For instance, a pleasant appearance is typically described for Victorian female characters and social position for Victorian male characters. Moreover, descriptions of mental properties of Victorian female characters are conspicuously rare. Such gendered patterns are less distinct in the contemporary material, although appearance is still more extensively described for female than male characters. As regards how the qualities are attributed to characters, the descriptions of Victorian female characters were found to be the most formulaic compared to the descriptions of Victorian male, contemporary female and contemporary male characters.

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Moore, Dennis. "The British army officers' corps and the foundations of the British nation-state, 1689-1700." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2000. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=1564.

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Thesis (M.A.)--West Virginia University, 2000.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains iii, 148 p. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 143-148).
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Alvar, Blomgren. "”By the iron hand of oppression" : The performance of the parliamentary election contest in Nottingham and Middlesex 1802-1803." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Historiska institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-143964.

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The aim of this thesis is to investigate how politics was done at the level of the parliamentary constituencies at the time of the treaty of Amiens 1802-1803. This is achieved through two case studies of the elections in Middlesex and Nottingham, which are investigated as social practices. This thesis argues that understandings of masculinity and national identity, as well as questions about the nature of the constitution and citizen rights were central to participants in the extraparliamentary political process. Collective emotions were also highly important in the process of mobilising political support, and this thesis emphasises that participation in these elections was a collective effort; men and women from all levels of society were significant political actors. Moreover, this thesis demonstrates the importance of competences such as knowledge about the organisation of crowds and political violence in the performance of the election.
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Books on the topic "British National Corpus"

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Cognate object constructions in English: A cognitive-linguistic account. Tübingen: Narr, 2009.

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Canada, War Amputations of, ed. Hanging a legend: The NFB's shameful attempt to discredit Billy Bishop, VC. Ottawa, Canada: The War Amputations of Canada, 1986.

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Overcoming Challenges in Corpus Construction: The Spoken British National Corpus 2014. Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.

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Love, Robbie. Overcoming Challenges in Corpus Construction: The Spoken British National Corpus 2014. Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.

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Love, Robbie. Overcoming Challenges in Corpus Construction: The Spoken British National Corpus 2014. Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.

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Love, Robbie. Overcoming Challenges in Corpus Construction: The Spoken British National Corpus 2014. Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.

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Love, Robbie. Overcoming Challenges in Corpus Construction: The Spoken British National Corpus 2014. Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.

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The BNC Handbook: Exploring the British National Corpus with Sara. Edinburgh University Press, 1998.

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The BNC Handbook: Exploring the British National Corpus with Sara. Edinburgh University Press, 1998.

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Elizabeth, Moignard, National Museums of Scotland, and Union académique internationale, eds. Corpus vasorum antiquorum. Oxford [England]: Oxford University Press, for the British Academy and The Museums, 1989.

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Book chapters on the topic "British National Corpus"

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Kennedy, Graeme. "4. Variation in the distribution of modal verbs in the British National Corpus." In Using Corpora to Explore Linguistic Variation, 73–90. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/scl.9.06ken.

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Nation, Paul. "1. A study of the most frequent word families in the British National Corpus." In Language Learning & Language Teaching, 3–13. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lllt.10.03nat.

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Kennedy, Graeme. "Phraseology and language pedagogy: Semantic preference associated with English verbs in the British National Corpus." In Phraseology in Foreign Language Learning and Teaching, 21–41. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/z.138.05ken.

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Diederich, Catherine, and Nicole Höhn. "Chapter 15. ‘Well it’s not for me to advise you, of course...’: Advice and advise in the British National Corpus of English." In Advice in Discourse, 333–58. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/pbns.221.20die.

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"Grammatical word class variation within the British National Corpus Sampler." In New Frontiers of Corpus Research, 295–306. Brill | Rodopi, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004334113_020.

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"Social variation in the use of apology formulae in the British National Corpus." In The Changing Face of Corpus Linguistics, 205–21. Brill | Rodopi, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789401201797_014.

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"The semantic properties of going to: distribution patterns in four subcorpora of the British National Corpus." In Corpus Linguistics 25 Years on, 107–20. Brill | Rodopi, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789401204347_008.

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"Where did we Go Wrong? A Retrospective Look at the British National Corpus." In Teaching and Learning by Doing Corpus Analysis, 51–70. Brill | Rodopi, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004334236_007.

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Morton, Ralph, and Hilary Nesi. "Institutional collaboration in the creation of digital linguistic resources: the case of the British Telecom correspondence corpus." In Communities, Archives and New Collaborative Practices, 153–64. Policy Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447341895.003.0011.

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This chapter discusses the creation of the British Telecom Correspondence Corpus (BTCC), a searchable database of letters taken from the public archives of British Telecom (BT) that were written by nearly 400 authors on a wide variety of topics between 1853 and 1982. It first discusses some experiences working on the New Connections project, funded by Jisc (formerly the Joint Information Systems Committee) and a collaboration between Coventry University, BT Heritage, and The National Archives, focusing particularly on the methodological issues encountered. The corpus was created to address a gap in existing corpus resources, and so that researchers (primarily linguists) could access and, crucially, engage with the language of the letters. Since the completion of the BTCC there have been efforts to expand the corpus to include correspondence written to and from the Post Office, an institution with many historical links to BT. This chapter addresses issues surrounding institutional collaboration in both phases of this ongoing research.
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Nasti, Chiara. "Doing or Undoing Europe Critically in the Lisbon Treaty Debate: A Corpus-Based Analysis of British Newspapers." In National Identity and Europe in Times of Crisis, 211–35. Emerald Publishing Limited, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/978-1-78714-513-920171010.

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Conference papers on the topic "British National Corpus"

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Indhiarti, Tantri, and Shofiyah Salsabila. "Language of Corruption in British National Corpus." In 1st International Seminar on Cultural Sciences, ISCS 2020, 4 November 2020, Malang, Indonesia. EAI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.4-11-2020.2308912.

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Foster, Jennifer, Joachim Wagner, Djamé Seddah, and Josef van Genabith. "Adapting WSJ-trained parsers to the British National Corpus using in-domain self-training." In the 10th International Conference. Morristown, NJ, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3115/1621410.1621414.

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Hunter, G. J. A. "An evaluation of statistical language models of spoken dialogue using the British National Corpus." In IEE Seminar on Intelligent Building Environments. IEE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ic:20050248.

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Hunter, G., and M. A. Huckvale. "Cluster-based approaches to the statistical modelling of dialogue data in the British National Corpus." In 2nd IET International Conference on Intelligent Environments (IE 06). IEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cp:20060647.

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Peldová, Petra. "Does genre influence the choice of evaluative lexicogrammatical patterns in British online newspaper discourse?" In Eighth Brno Conference on Linguistics Studies in English. Brno: Masaryk University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9767-2020-9.

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This paper aims to analyse the use of evaluative adjectival lexicogrammatical patterns in selected British online newspaper discourse in terms of genre specification. It focuses both on the normalised frequency of the patterns as well as on the evaluative semantic groups of the adjectives embedded in the patterns analysed. The genres chosen for the analysis are politics and crime. 282 articles from six national British online newspapers (the Sun, the Mirror, the Express, the Guardian, the Telegraph, and the Independent) were downloaded to create the corpus. These were then analysed via Sketch Engine for the evaluative adjectival patterns introduced by Bednarek (2009). The adjectives found in the patterns were further examined and manually divided into semantic groups introduced by Collins COBUILD. The data were then compared in an attempt to identify discourse patterns and contrasts, and valuable insights were gained into the lexicogrammatical features studied. The analysis indicated that evaluative adjectival patterns are indeed embedded in newspaper stories and both the tabloids and the broadsheets employ these patterns more or less equally for the same genres. Both types of newspaper mainly embed patterns ‘v-link ADJ’ and ‘v-link ADJ prep’ in both genres. However, when broadsheets report on politics, the use of the 'it v-link ADJ finite/non-finite' pattern, can be considered marked.
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Ambrosek, Richard G., and Debbie J. Utterbeck. "Comparison of Predictive and Experimental Data From Graphite Irradiations in the Advanced Test Reactor Irradiation Test Vehicle." In ASME 2003 Heat Transfer Summer Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2003-47396.

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Abstract:
In 2000, British Nuclear Fuels Limited (BNFL) commissioned an irradiation program at the United States Department of Energy’s Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL) to assess the effects of extended operating scenarios upon the integrity of Magnox reactor cores. In this program, predictions of thermal and physical effects on these graphite cores were developed using analytical computer models. To benchmark results, experimental graphite assemblies representative of the Magnox graphite were irradiated in the Advanced Test Reactor (ATR). This paper analyzes and contrasts the thermal predictions with those experimental results. These investigations were conducted to extend existing graphite physical property databases for higher radiolytic weight loss (35–50% density reduction) than occur during the economic planning life of these reactors. These data then can be used to make extended life projections regarding the suitable function of the graphite in its various roles of providing the physical structure for the fuel, neutron moderator, medium for instrumentation, and coolant channels. Extended irradiation effects will be obtained with samples of archived, pre-characterized graphite used in the Magnox type reactors. The new Irradiation Test Vehicle (ITV) facility in the ATR contained the experiments and provided the desired irradiation conditions as well as on-line temperature control. The capability to provide both oxidizing and inert gas atmospheres for the graphite specimens was added to the ITV to enable assessment of the individual and combined effects of oxidation and neutron damage to the specimens. In this paper the thermal evaluations (performed to size the control gaps to obtain the desired thermal performance) are contrasted to actual experimental results.
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