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Journal articles on the topic 'British pharmacopoeia'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 12 December 2022
Last updated: 27 January 2023

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1

Sidani, S. A. "British Homoeopathic Pharmacopoeia." British Homeopathic Journal 84, no. 01 (January 1995): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0007-0785(05)80740-9.

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2

Jordan, Sue. "British Pharmacopoeia (BP) 2011British Pharmacopoeia (BP) 2011." Nursing Standard 25, no. 46 (July 20, 2011): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns2011.07.25.46.31.b1235.

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3

Keen, P. "British pharmacopoeia (veterinary) 1985." British Veterinary Journal 142, no. 5 (September 1986): 489. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0007-1935(86)90058-8.

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4

Kennard, Colin. "CD-ROM Containing British Pharmacopoeia and British Pharmacopoeia (Veterinary) from HMSO Electronic Publishing, England." Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling 35, no. 4 (July 1, 1995): 780. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ci00026a601.

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5

Chavan, Harishchandra, Gurmeet Chhabra, Nayan Gujarathi, and Anil Jadhav. "Comparative study of In-process and finished products quality control test for tablet and capsules according to pharmacopoeias." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Development 6, no. 3 (July 10, 2018): 60–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/ajprd.v6i3.370.

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The goal of all Pharmaceutical industry is to make a good quality product and for this it is necessary to allow In-Process Quality Control (IPQC) Approaches. In-process quality control tests are done before the manufacturing process is completed. The function of in-process controls is to monitor and if necessary, adaptation of the manufacturing process to achieve the required specification. This may incorporate control of equipment and environment too. In-process materials should be tested for their physical parameters and its quality attributes which are later approved or rejected by the quality control department. The reason of IPQC is to deliver a cumulative finished product by avoiding or eliminating mistakes at every stage in production. The objective of this study is the comparison of In-process quality control test of India Pharmacopoeia, British Pharmacopoeia and the United state Pharmacopoeia. It was observed from various studies that quality control tests for tablet and capsule listed in different pharmacopoeias have slight similarities and differences
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6

Melnyk, Halyna, Tatyana Yarnykh, and Marina Buryak. "Pharmacopeial aspects of preparation of infusions and decoctions in pharmacies." EUREKA: Health Sciences, no. 4 (July 30, 2021): 87–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.21303/2504-5679.2021.001971.

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An analytical review of pharmacopoeial aspects of preparation of infusions and decoctions in pharmacies is presented. The aim of this work is to conduct a comparative analysis of pharmacopoeial requirements for the technology of infusions and decoctions in pharmacies. Materials and methods of the research. Comparative analysis of pharmacopoeial requirements was performed using methods of systematic and structural-logical analysis. Results and discussions. It was found that in many pharmacopoeias (European, British, Italian, French, Czech, Kazakh) there are no instructions on the pharmacy technology of these dosage forms. Only the pharmacopoeias of Japan, Austria, Belarus and Russia contain separate monographs on the extemporaneous preparation of infusions and decoctions. After analyzing these monographs, it was found that the definition of infusions and decoctions as a dosage form differs. It was found that the Japanese Pharmacopoeia regulates the preliminary preparation of medicinal plant raw materials (soaking for 5 minutes in water), in other pharmacopoeias there is no such requirement. When conducting a comparative analysis of the technology of preparation of infusions and decoctions, we observe that the ratio of medicinal plant raw materials (MPRM) and extractant and extraction modes differ. Conclusions. An analytical review of pharmacopoeial aspects of preparation of infusions and decoctions in pharmacies is presented. A comparative analysis of the requirements for technology and quality control of infusions and decoctions in accordance with pharmacopoeial articles revealed both different and similar information. The results of the research showed that despite the differences in the structures of articles and names, as well as approaches to the definition of this dosage form, some requirements are similar (particle size of MPRM). The differences that were found include the ratio of MPRM and extractant, extraction modes. Taking into account the data of the analysis and the existing national requirements, the authors proposed a draft general pharmacopoeial article “Infusions and decoctions made in pharmacies”.
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7

Olakojo, Oluwatobi O., and Isah S. Usman. "In vitro quality evaluation of brands of promethazine tablets marketed in Edo State, Nigeria." Journal of Pharmacy & Bioresources 18, no. 2 (September 6, 2021): 113–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jpb.v18i2.4.

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The increasing number of multisource pharmaceuticals has necessitated the need for continuous quality assessment of products available for atients’ consumption. Promethazine is an anti-histamine used in cases of nausea, vomiting, motion sickness etc. The study was to examine the in vitro quality parameters for ten brands of promethazine hydrochloride tablets sold in retail pharmacies in Edo State, Nigeria. The parameters determined were identification, weight variation, friability, hardness, disintegration, dissolution rate and assay. All samples were evaluated for conformity with British Pharmacopoeia (BP) 2017 standards. Results obtained showed tablet weight ranging from 0.08 g ± 1.77 % to 0.255 g ± 3.557 %, hardness from 4.36 ± 0.58 to 8.33 ± 3.21 kg/cm2, friability of < 1 %, disintegration time of 2.47 ± 0.90 to 69.66 ± 7.23 min and assay of 61.32 ± 2.04 to 183.19 ± 0.11%. The ten batches but one released more than 80 % of their drug content within 30 min. Analysis of similarity factor revealed other samples but PR-7 can be interchangeable with PR-1 based on dissolution profile. The results showed that not all samples examined passed all the pharmacopoeia tests for satisfactory quality. Thus, they all cannot be used interchangeably in clinical practice. Keywords: Promethazine; Quality Control; Dissolution; Pharmacopoeial specifications
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8

DEMBELE, Ousmane, Bakary Moussa Cissé, Mody Cissé, Seydou Moussa Coulibaly, Jacques Dakouo, Nana Houmama Cissé, and Benoît Yaranga Koumaré. "Evaluation of the quality of the main antimicrobial drugs sold in pharmacies in Bamako (Mali) according to a risk-based sampling." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 12, no. 3-S (June 15, 2022): 154–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v12i3-s.5401.

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Objectives: In a world marked by the increase in chemoresistance leading to the adoption of therapeutic combinations, the advent of generic multi-source drugs, the spread of counterfeiting and substandard drugs, often without active ingredients or falsified active ingredients, a greater vigilance by pharmaceutical regulatory authorities is needed. Drug quality control therefore plays an important role in detecting poor quality products on the market. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing threat to public health. It occurs when vital antimicrobials can no longer effectively treat bacteria and other microbes. Worldwide, around 700,000 people die each year due to antimicrobial resistance and without global action it could lead to 10 million deaths a year by 2050. This study aimed to assess the quality of major antimicrobials sold in Bamako to determine the prevalence of falsified and substandard antimicrobials. Methods: Samples were taken in some pharmacies in Bamako and analyzed according to the standards of the United State Pharmacopoeia (USP), British Pharmacopoeia (BP) and International Pharmacopoeia (IP) by identification and assay methods. Products that do not meet the required specifications described by these pharmacopoeias are declared non-compliant. Results: A total of 151 samples were taken according to a protocol based on the risks, of which 145 were compliant and 6 non-compliant due to an under-dosage of active ingredient. We found 58% of unregistered drugs that came from India and China. Conclusion: This study allowed us to detect 6 non-compliant products that were withdrawn from the market and regulatory measures were taken. Keywords: Antimicrobial, quality control, non-compliance, AMR.
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9

Mashin, V. V., A. N. Sergeev, N. N. Martynova, T. V. Antipina, E. I. Sakanyan, V. V. Kataeva, and N. V. Zagidullin. "Minimisation of the viral contamination risk of heterologous immunoglobulins in the context of the requirements of the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation." Biological Products. Prevention, Diagnosis, Treatment 22, no. 2 (June 2, 2022): 112–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.30895/2221-996x-2022-22-2-112-123.

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To ensure the safety and to secure the approval of injectable medicinal products based on antigen-specific immunoglobulins of animal origin, it is necessary to exclude their contamination with adventitious human pathogens. Ensuring the viral safety of heterologous immunoglobulins presents a major challenge, because the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation, 14 edition, lacks production stage-specific viral safety requirements for such medicinal products. The aim of the study was to analyse the requirements set forth in general and individual monographs of the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation, the European Pharmacopoeia, (10th edition), the British Pharmacopoeia (2019), the United States Pharmacopoeia (USP 43–NF 38), the Japanese Pharmacopoeia (17th edition), as well as the recommendations of the European Medicines Agency and the World Health Organisation concerning the viral safety of medicinal products for human use based on heterologous antigen-specific immunoglobulins. The authors analysed regulatory requirements for the following: serum/plasma-producing animals; immunisation antigens for the animals; quarantine of the animals; viral contamination tests for immune animal serum/plasma pools; model viruses to validate viral inactivation/removal processes at different stages of vaccine production; viral load reduction at each inactivation/ removal step; testing of materials obtained at critical production stages. The authors drafted sections for quality standards on production stage-specific measures to minimise the viral contamination risk of medicinal products for human use based on heterologous immunoglobulins, which they proposed for inclusion to the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation.
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10

Patel, S. S., M. S. Patel, and N. M. Patel. "Flowability Testing of Directly Compressible Excipients According to British Pharmacopoeia." Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 8, no. 2 (April 1, 2009): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.18579/jpcrkc/2009/8/2/79756.

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11

Jordan, Sue. "British pharmacopoeia (BP) 2011The Stationery Office Six-volume printed edition/CD-ROM/online edition British pharmacopoeia (BP) 2011 £830 978 0 1132 2849 2 011322849X." Nursing Standard 25, no. 46 (July 20, 2011): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns.25.46.31.s39.

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12

Nwachukwu, Nkemakolam, and Edwin Aboje Ubieko. "Disintegrant Properties of Native Starches obtained from Cassava, Sweet Potato and Corn in Ibuprofen Tablet Formulations." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 10, no. 5 (September 15, 2020): 264–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v10i5.4324.

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This study is aimed at evaluating the disintegrant properties of starches obtained from cassava (Manihot esculenta), sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) and yellow corn (Zea mays). Matured tubers of cassava and potato were peeled, cut into smaller pieces, wet milled and their slurries washed severally with distilled water to obtain cassava and potato starches respectively. Matured seeds of yellow corn were steeped in distilled water for 24 h, wet milled and washed to separate the starch from the cellulose. The starches were dried at 50 ˚C after which they were characterized using standard methods. The starches at 10 % w/w were applied as disintegrants in the formulation of metronidazole tablets using wet granulation technology. Corn starch (British Pharmacopoeia) at 10 % w/w was used as comparing standard. The ibuprofen granules were evaluated for their micromeritic properties and thereafter compressed into ibuprofen tablets. Evaluation of the ibuprofen tablets for their physical properties, assay and dissolution studies were done using British Pharmacopoeia methods. Results showed that the materials extracted were starches, and they had a poor flow. The ibuprofen granules were flowable and compressible. Ibuprofen tablets compressed from these granules had good physical properties: minimal weight variation (604.00 ± 0.04 – 606.00 mg ± 0.03%), hardness (5.32 ± 0.41 – 6.33 ± 0.64 kgF), disintegration time < 15.00 min and friability < 1.00%. Assay and dissolution of metronidazole from the tablets complied with British Pharmacopoeia criteria. Cassava, potato, and yellow corn starches served as good disintegrants in ibuprofen tablet formulations. Keywords: Disintegrant, starch, cassava, potato, corn, ibuprofen tablets
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13

Wojtunik-Kulesza, Karolina, Kamila Kasprzak-Drozd, Daniel Sajdlowski, Anna Oniszczuk, Wojciech Swiatkowski, and Monika Waksmundzka-Hajnos. "Scutellaria baicalensis – a small plant with large pro-health biological activities." Current Issues in Pharmacy and Medical Sciences 34, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 55–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cipms-2021-0010.

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Abstract Scutellaria baicalensis, known also as Huang-Qin is a traditional Chinese plant used in medicine for at least 2000 years. The plant is widely distributed in Japan, Korea, Mongolia and Russia, and is listed in Chinese Pharmacopoeia, European Pharmacopoeia and British Pharmacopoeia. The interest in Huang-Qin results from various biological activities which are primarily related to secondary plants metabolites consisting of flavonoids, phenolic compounds and terpenes. It is known that the compounds are active against numerous diseases and protect the organism against harmful pathogenic agents. Particular attention is paid to baicalein, wogonin and oroxylin A – which are characteristic secondary metabolites of the plant. In this paper, we focused on phytochemical analysis and selected biological activities used in periodontal and cardiovascular problems. The presented studies confirm the ability of Huang-Qin to scavenge free radicals, moreover, that it presents anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory and enzyme inhibitory activities.
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14

Quirke, Viviane. "The British Pharmacopoeia, 1864 to 2014: Medicines, International Standards and the State." Ambix 63, no. 2 (April 2, 2016): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00026980.2016.1227180.

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15

Hassan, Said A., Nancy W. Nashat, Mohamed R. Elghobashy, Samah S. Abbas, and Azza A. Moustafa. "Stability-Indicating RP-HPLC and CE Methods for Simultaneous Determination of Bisoprolol and Perindopril in Pharmaceutical Formulation: A Comparative Study." Journal of Chromatographic Science 58, no. 8 (July 24, 2020): 747–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/chromsci/bmaa031.

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Abstract Two fast, accurate and selective stability-indicating methods were developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of bisoprolol, perindopril and three of their possible degradation products. The first proposed method was a gradient reversed phase-high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method, whereas the second was a capillary electrophoresis method. The structures of the obtained degradation products were elucidated using infrared and mass spectrometry. They were also confirmed to be either a drug impurity in the British Pharmacopoeia or a precursor to such impurity. The linearity for bisoprolol and perindopril was achieved in the range of 1–20 μg mL−1 and 5–30 μg mL−1 for HPLC and capillary electrophoresis methods, respectively. The proposed methods were validated according to the International Conference on Harmonisation guidelines. The HPLC method proved to be more sensitive and succeeded in the quantitative determination of the obtained degradation products. Also, it was able to quantify perindopril impurity up to three times lower than the desired limit set by the British Pharmacopoeia. They were successfully employed in the determination of bisoprolol and perindopril in their combined pharmaceutical formulation.
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16

Leonel, Miriam de Fátima Vianna, Cristina Duarte Vianna Soares, and Arminda Lucia Siqueira. "Comparison of pharmacopeial statistical methods applied in microbiological assay for antibiotics potency determination using parallel lines and three-dose level." Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 48, no. 3 (September 2012): 565–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1984-82502012000300024.

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Pharmaceutical equivalence studies, useful for checking the interchangeability of generic medicines and their respective innovator medicines, have been carried out in Brazil since 1999, as a consequence of the establishment of the generic medicine policy. For medicines containing antibiotics, microbiological assays are often the most appropriate method. However, the statistical methods applied in these assays are not widely known due to the difficult access to official codes and/or little knowledge of the statistical tools of analysis. Thus, the aim of this work was to compare the statistical methods for determining the potency of antibiotics through the cylinder-plate method using parallel lines and a three-dose level model, as described in the Brazilian Pharmacopeia (4th edition, 1988), British Pharmacopoeia 2011, European Pharmacopoeia (7th edition), The International Pharmacopoeia (4th edition), and United States Pharmacopeia (34th edition). The assay is illustrated with the antibiotic ofloxacin, and details on orthogonal coefficients, normality test, homogeneity of variance test, and detection of outliers are discussed. The calculations obtained by statistical analyses from different pharmacopeias lead to the same final interpretation. In practice, with the availability of alternative pharmacopeial methods, the analyst can choose the most appropriate statistical calculation to be used.
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17

Yushau, F. M., S. Awwalu, and A. Musa. "Comparative Quality of Different Brands of Metformin Tablet Marketed in Zaria, Nigeria." Journal of Basic and Social Pharmacy Research 2, no. 1 (2021): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.52968/27456292.

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Background: Metformin tablets are oral anti hyperglycaemic agents that are used as the first line agent in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The proliferation of many brands of metformin tablets in the market has led to availability of different types; some of which may be substandard or counterfeit. Thus, the need to determine the quality of the various brands marketed in Zaria. Objective: To compare the quality of different brands of metformin tablets that are available in Zaria using British pharmacopoeia standards. Method: Seven brands of metformin tablet (500 mg) were randomly sampled from various community pharmacies within Zaria and analysed with respect to identification, weight variation, friability, disintegration time, dissolution and drug content assay using Pharmacopoeial standards. Results: Except for the dissolution and assay tests, the results of all the other parameters for the various brands were within the Pharmacopoeial limits. The percentage content of metformin in brand 2 was 89.90 % which is outside the official range (95 – 105 %). Furthermore, only 70.61, 75.34 and 70.58 % of metformin dissolved from brands 2, 4 and 7 respectively, after 30 minutes of the dissolution test. Conclusion: It can be concluded that of the seven brands evaluated, only four brands are interchangeable with each other and can be substitutes of each other.
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18

Kurkin, Vladimir Aleksandrovich, Tat'yana Konstantinovna Ryazanova, Anna Anatol'yevna Shmygareva, and Svetlana Nikolayevna Glushchenko. "THE DEVELOPMENT OF METHODS FOR DETERMINATION THE TOTAL OF ANTHRACENE DERIVATIVES IN RAW MATERIALS AND PREPARATIONS OF ALOE ARBORESCENS MILL." chemistry of plant raw material, no. 3 (September 27, 2021): 153–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/jcprm.2021039221.

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Aloe arborescens Mill., family Asphodelaceae, is a pharmacopoeial plant, the raw material of which is used for the production of medicinal products for various therapeutic uses. The standardization of Aloe species in accordance with the requirements of the British, Japanese, European Pharmacopoeias and the United States Pharmacopoeia is carried out according to the barbaloin content by the spectrophotometric method. The methods are multistage, provide for preliminary acid hydrolysis in combination with the oxidation, liquid-liquid extraction of the formed aglycones and subsequent complexation with magnesium acetate. A mixture of isomers of aloin A and aloin B (barbaloin) and aloenin were isolated by chromatographic methods. It was determined that in all electronic spectra of the extracts and preparations from the leaves of Aloe arborescens Mill., a bathochromic shift of the long-wavelength band in the alkaline-ammonia solution is observed, which confirms the presence of anthracene derivatives. Under conditions of differential absorption, a maximum absorption is observed in the range of 412–416 nm, which indicates the advisability of using barbaloin in the analysis method, which has a maximum absorption at a wavelength of 412 nm. As a result of the study, there were developed methods for the quantitative determination of the total of anthracene derivatives in leaves and preparations of Aloe arborescens Mill. by using of the differential spectrophotometry calculated on barbaloin at an analytical wavelength of 412 nm. The content of total anthracene derivatives calculated on barbaloin was 0.60±0.03% in Aloe arborescens fresh leaves, 0.5±0.02% in freshly prepared juice, 0.135±0.006% in "Aloe juice" and 0.020±0.001% in "Aloe liquid extract", solution for subcutaneous administration, produced by ZAO "Vifitech" and OAO "Dalkhimpharm".
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19

Wahbi, Abdel-Aziz M., Mohammad A. Abounassif, El-Rasheed A. Gad-Kariem, and Mahmoud W. Ibrahim. "Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Cinnamic and Benzoic Acids in Benzoin Preparations." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 70, no. 4 (July 1, 1987): 689–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/70.4.689.

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Abstract A liquid chromatographic method for the individual determination of benzoic and cinnamic acids in 2 benzoin preparations is presented. The method specifies a reverse phase column and 0.01M KH2P04- methanol (85 + 15) as mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.8 mL/min, with detection at 254 nm. The method has been applied to 2 benzoin preparations and the results were compared with those from the British Pharmacopoeia method.
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20

Husain, Sajid, M. Kifayatullah, and R. Sekhar. "Simultaneous Determination of Ibuprofen and Acetaminophen in Pharmaceutical Preparations by Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 77, no. 6 (November 1, 1994): 1443–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/77.6.1443.

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Abstract A simple, rapid, and specific method for simultaneous determination of ibuprofen and acetaminophen in pharmaceutical preparations by 1H Fourier transform nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy was developed using methyl and aromatic proton signal areas against ferf-butyl alcohol as internal standard. Average recoveries of ibuprofen and acetaminophen were 99.2 and 98.6%, with standard deviations of ± 0.76 and ± 0.81, respectively. The results were compared with those obtained using the procedure recommended by the British Pharmacopoeia and were in close agreement.
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Revanasiddappa, H. D., and M. A. Veena. "A Sensitive Spectrophotometric Determination of Ritodrine, Pentazocine, Isoxsuprine Hydrochlorides and Amoxicillin in Pure and Pharmaceutical Samples." E-Journal of Chemistry 5, no. 1 (2008): 100–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/476326.

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A simple, accurate and highly sensitive spectrophotometric method for the determination of ritodrine hydrochloride (RTH), pentazocine hydrochloride (PZH), isoxsuprine hydrochloride (ISH) and amoxicillin (AMX) is described. The method is based on the oxidation of the studied drugs by a known excess of chloramine – T (CAT) in hydrochloric acid medium and subsequent determination of the unreacted oxidant by reacting it with iodide in the same acid medium liberates iodine, which subsequently react with starch to form a stable starch-iodine complex. The reacted oxidant corresponds to the drug content. The coloured complex exhibits a maximum absorption at 590 nm. The apparent molar absorptivity values and Sandell’s sensitivity values are in the range 6.96x104- 1.43x105L mol–1cm–1and 2.45-4.30 ng cm–2, respectively. The method was successfully applied to the studied drugs in their dosage forms. The results are reproducible within ±1% and compare favorably with those of official methods of British Pharmacopoeia and the United States Pharmacopoeia.
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A R, Chandrasekaran, Chen Yi Han, Alex Chin Yang Chung, Lim Wei Cheang, and Low Sing Ping. "Post–market In vitro Equivalency Evaluation of Paracetamol Tablets in Kedah, Malaysia." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Nanotechnology 4, no. 2 (August 31, 2011): 1403–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.37285/ijpsn.2011.4.2.5.

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Six brands of paracetamol (acetaminophen) 500 mg tablets have been evaluated using specific quality control tests for uniformity of weight, hardness, friability, content, disintegration and dissolution with the aim to assess its bioequivalence. The results obtained have been discussed in details using monographs in United States Pharmacopeia and British Pharmacopoeia. In conclusion, despite some apparent minor differences in tablet hardness and disintegration time profiles, the dissolution characteristics of various paracetamol tablets appears to be similar and not significantly different from various manufacturers.
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23

Makwana, Sarika, Nikhil Mehere, Swapnil Chaudhary, Prashant Bedarkar, Pro Biswajyoti Patgiri, and C. R. Harisha. "Comparative Pharmacognostical Evaluation of Ashodhita and Gomutra Shodhita Bakuchi (Psoralea corylifolia Linn.) Seed." Asian Pacific Journal of Health Sciences 9, no. 1 (January 15, 2022): 251–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/apjhs.2022.9.1.57.

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Background: Bakuchi (Psoralea corylifolia Linn.) has immense therapeutic attributes and widely prescribed drug in skin disorders especially Shvitra (vitiligo). Its medicinal usage is found depict in Indian pharmaceutical codex, the Chinese, British and the American pharmacopoeias and in different traditional system of medicines such as Ayurveda, Unani and Siddha. Classic emphasized the Shodhana of Bakuchi seed as pre-treatment before its therapeutic use. Considering this, study was planned for pharmacognostical evaluation of Shodhita and Ashodhita Bakuchi seeds. Materials and Methods: Pharmacognostical study, physicochemical analysis, and psoralen chemical test were performed for the Ashodhita and Gomutra Shodhita Bakuchi seeds powder. Results and Conclusion: Endosperm cells, palisade cells, and trichomes were found disturbed from their normal structure in Ashodhita sample. Oil globules are released from their site. Crystalline structure was observed in Shodhita sample. These changes were found due to the process of alkaline hydrolysis during Shodhana procedure. Alkaline pH (7.4) is found in suspension of Shodhita Bakuchi powder due to employed Shodhana process. Results of ash value, acid insoluble Ash, water-soluble extractives, and alcohol soluble extractives are found within normal limit as described in Ayurveda pharmacopoeia of India. These observations can be of use in future studies.
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Sosengo, Teshome, Fuad Adem, and Jemal Abdella. "Quality of Different Brands of Metronidazole Benzoate Oral Suspensions Available at Jimma Town, Southwest Ethiopia: Pharmaceuticals Quality Study." Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Research 2, no. 3 (April 23, 2021): 01–06. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2768-0487/013.

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Background: Poor quality drugs include substandard and counterfeit medicines. Poor quality antibiotics selectively kill the susceptible strain and leaves resistant strain to multiply. Metronidazole is a broad spectrum antibiotic whose effectiveness depends up on a dose administered to the patient. Objective: The aim of the study is to assess the quality of different brands of metronidazole Benzoate oral suspension available in Jimma town, West Ethiopia. Methods: Cross-sectional study was conducted in Jimma town, West Ethiopia from Feb 08 – Mar 28, 2018. The assay result of all the seven brands of Metronidazole Benzoate oral suspensions was entered to statistical package for social sciences software version 24.0 for windows. Then, one way analysis of variance was performed using Tukey test to determine whether there exists significant difference in assay result of the brands (p<0.05). Result: All the seven Metronidazole benzoate oral suspensions assessed in this study passed British Pharmacopoeia 2013 specification of identity test of the drug. All the brands passed the assay test and total aerobic microbial count specification United States Pharmacopoeia 2015. The highest percentage of drug content was obtained for Metrolag, 105.56%, while the least content for Mizel, 93.12%. However, statistical comparison of drug contents at 95% confidence interval indicates that there is significant difference in drug content within and among the seven brands of Metronidazole benzoate oral suspensions (p<0.05). The pH of all the brands was with in United States Pharmacopoeia 2015 specification limit.
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Sculthorpe, N. F., B. Davies, T. Ashton, S. Allison, D. N. McGuire, and J. S. Malhi. "Commercially available folic acid supplements and their compliance with the British Pharmacopoeia test for dissolution." Journal of Public Health 23, no. 3 (September 1, 2001): 195–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/23.3.195.

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26

Mohammed, Boma, Zwanden Sule Yahaya, and Danjuma Mallam. "Diluent performance of a three component co-processed excipient for formulating ibuprofen tablets by wet granulation." Journal of Current Biomedical Research 2, no. 5, September-October (October 31, 2022): 490–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.54117/jcbr.v2i5.7.

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Pharmaceutical tablets ingested orally remain the most popular dosage form in drug delivery, while the most frequently used route for administration of therapeutic agents remains the oral route. Recently, excipient development comprising a mixture of two or more materials assembled in a single frame by means of particle engineering, known as co-processed excipients, has gained enormous popularity. To prepare ibuprofen tablets by co-processing and wet granulation method and evaluate its diluent property. From the design of experiment (DOE), the optimized composition was obtained and ibuprofen granules were prepared for the newly developed co-processed excipient (lactose, mucin and corn starch BP) and starlac®, cellactose® and lactose as standards. The granules were evaluated for their micromeritic properties and compressed into tablets. Evaluation of the ibuprofen tablets for their physical properties and dissolution studies were done using British Pharmacopoeia methods. The results obtained showed that ibuprofen granules were flowable and compressible. The compressed ibuprofen tablets had good physical properties: minimal weight variation (495±9.46 – 501mg ±23.15), hardness (5.50 ±0.55 – 6.50±1.05 KgF), disintegration “time” < 15 min±0.37 and “friability” < 1.0 % ±0.00 - >1.0±0.07. The dissolution of ibuprofen tablets complied with British Pharmacopoeia criteria. The data obtained from the different evaluation parameters containing the co-processed excipient compared well with starlac, cellactose and lactose used as comparing standard. The co-processed excipient which performed better than starlac in terms of friability and lactose in terms of disintegration can serve as a good diluent in ibuprofen tablets.
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27

Merton, R. E., A. D. Curtis, and D. P. Thomas. "A Comparison of Heparin Potency Estimates Obtained by Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time and British Pharmacopoeial Assays." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 53, no. 01 (1985): 116–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1661248.

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SummaryHeparin samples from five manufacturers were assayed by the revised British Pharmacopoeia (BP) heparin assay and the results compared with those obtained using the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) assay. The United States Pharmacopeia (USP) reference heparin preparation and the 4th International Standard (IS) for heparin were also assayed by the two methods relative to the 3rd IS. The results obtained by the revised BP assay were in close agreement with those obtained by the APTT assay for all the heparins that were tested. The assays revealed that there is at least a 10% discrepancy between the International Unit for heparin and the USP unit.
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28

Wahbi, Abdel-Aziz M., Hamad A. Al-Khamees, and Ahmad M. A. Yousef. "First Derivative Spectrophotometric Determination of Anhydrotetracyclines in Tetracyclines." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 71, no. 4 (July 1, 1988): 768–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/71.4.768.

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Abstract A rapid method is presented for detection and determination of anhydrotetracycline- HCl (ATC-HC1) and 4-epianhydrotetracycline-HCl (4-EATC-HCl) in tetracycline-HCl (TC-HCl). The method determines the 2 compounds as a sum, not individually. The first derivative absorption curve has a trough (D1) at 460 nm which is linearly related to concentration (1-10 mg/mL). ATC-HC1 + 4-EATC-HCl content was determined in TC-HCl powder and capsules by the D1 and the compensation D1 spectrophotometric methods. The results were compared with those obtained using U.S. Pharmacopeia and British Pharmacopoeia methods
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29

Algethami, Faisal K. "An Internal Standard High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Method for Simultaneous Quantification of Candesartan and Hydrochlorothiazide in Combined Formulations." Oriental Journal Of Chemistry 37, no. 5 (October 30, 2021): 1077–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/ojc/370509.

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The internal standard method is a versatile procedure that avoids misleading results caused by the instability of the chromatographic system or inexperienced workers. It is an effective way to judge the accuracy of any obtained data. As the detector responses of chlorzoxazone (CZN) resemble those of candesartan (CDZN) and hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ), CZN was employed as an internal standard. Herein, a simple chromatographic method was established for quantification of CDZN and HCTZ. Isocratic elution was conducted using 1% premixed acetonitrile/formic acid (7:3 v/v) at a 0.8 mL/min flowrate. The separation of the three components was maintained using the universal 20 µL loop, and for further simplicity in application, the analysis was optimized at 25 °C. CDZN, HCTZ, and CZN were simultaneously monitored and quantified at 270 nm. The method developed here complies with all the validation limits according to the British Pharmacopoeia (BP), United States Pharmacopoeia (USP), and the guidelines of the International Council ForHarmonisation (ICH). The method proved to be linear in the range of 6.4 to 25.6 µg/mL and 5.0–20 µg/mL for CDZN and HCTZ, respectively, while the quantitation detection limits were less than 1.0µg/mL for both.
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30

Kuleshova, S. I., E. P. Simonova, and O. N. Vysochanskaya. "Determination of Vancomycin B and Vancomycin Impurities by Liquid Chromatography." Bulletin of the Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products 11, no. 4 (November 1, 2021): 246–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.30895/1991-2919-2021-11-4-246-254.

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The preferred test methods for control of product-related impurities in medicinal products are high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a fine sorbent, and ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC), which allow for better chromatographic separation of active substances and related impurities, reduction of time costs, and saving of material resources. The aim of the study was to develop HPLC and UPLC test procedures and assess the chromatographic separation capacity and efficiency in order to improve determination of the main vancomycin component and related impurities. Materials and methods: vancomycin hydrochloride lyophilisate for oral solution and solution for injection, and vancomycin hydrochloride reference standard (USP RS) were used as test objects. Agilent 1290 Infinity liquid chromatography system, and Chromolith® Performance RP-18e, Kinetex C18, Nucleodur C18 Isis, Zorbax RRHD Eclipse Plus C18, and LiChrospher® RP-18 columns were used for the testing. Results: HPLC analysis using a Chromolith® column (100×4.6 mm) reduces the testing time by 10 minutes compared to the USP test procedure, and by 15 minutes compared to the British Pharmacopoeia procedure. The proposed test procedure requires less eluent and increases chromatographic separation efficiency. UPLC analysis using a Kinetex C18 column (50×4.6 mm, 2.6 μm) made it possible to reduce the testing time by two thirds compared to the British Pharmacopoeia procedure. The use of isocratic elution greatly simplified the testing. The testing time under the proposed chromatographic conditions was 10 minutes. Conclusions: the selected HPLC and UPLC test conditions made it possible to significantly reduce the time of testing, minimise the use of expensive reagents, and increase efficiency of chromatographic separation in the determination of vancomycin impurities and the main component Vancomycin B.
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31

Ayres, Marcio Vinicius, Sarah Chagas Campanharo, Elfrides Schapoval, Nathalie Ribeiro Wingert, and Martin Steppe. "EVALUATION OF THE STABILITY OF VIGABATRIN IN HOSPITALAR EXTEMPORANEOUS FORMULATIONS." Drug Analytical Research 3, no. 1 (July 17, 2019): 51–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.22456/2527-2616.94436.

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The aim of this study was to analyze the chemical stability of the anticonvulsant vigabatrin extemporaneous formulation from tablets in storage conditions of different temperatures and types of packaging used. The analysis of vigabatrin extemporaneous formulations were performed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The method described in British Pharmacopoeia was co-validated for specificity, linearity, precision and accuracy. Vigabatrin extemporaneous solutions were prepared in triplicate and placed in amber glass and PET bottles, which were stored under three different conditions: at room temperature (15 to 30 °C), under refrigeration (2 to 8 °C), and oven (40 °C). Samples of solutions stored at room temperature and refrigeration were collected every 7 days along 35 days. The same was done for solutions kept at 40 °C, but for a period of 28 days. It was also analyzed the solutions pH in each sampling time. Vigabatrin extemporaneous solutions showed variations within the limits of British Pharmacopoeia 2016 up to 21 days in amber PET and glass bottles at room and refrigerated temperatures. Vigabatrin content for formulations kept in oven decreased above 10% after 7 days of study. The lowest pH change occurred in amber glass bottle stored under refrigeration. Results of this study will be applied as a reference for vigabatrin extemporaneous formulation in hospital, once it was demonstrated the reliability of storage time interval and proper conditions for the use. Thus, pediatric patients with fractionated doses or use of nasogastric probe will have adequately prepared extemporaneous formulations, reducing the risk of dilution errors and microbiological contamination, improving the efficacy and safety, and enabling more time for nursing assistance.
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32

Anderson, Stuart. "The British Pharmacopoeia, 1864 to 2014: Medicines, International Standards and the State by Anthony C. Cartwright." Bulletin of the History of Medicine 90, no. 2 (2016): 340–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/bhm.2016.0046.

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33

A. Abrahem, Sarra, and Khaleda H. Al-Saidi. "Determination of Sulfamethoxazole in Pure and Pharmaceutical Samples by Using Direct Method for Calibration Curve of Normal Spectrum of UV-Spectrophotometry." Al-Nahrain Journal of Science 23, no. 4 (December 1, 2020): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.22401/anjs.23.4.01.

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Normal spectra for sulfamethoxazolesolutions were developed and used for the determination of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) antibiotic by using zero-crossing technique and simultaneously determining (SMX) at wavelength 259.00 nm. The correlation coefficient of the calibration curve for the normalspectrum was 0.9990. Linearity was maintained by using concentrations (0.990104M, 0.996104M, 0.999104M, 1.004104M, 1.005104M) and the percentage recovery of sulfamethoxazolesamples were (99.00%, 99.60%, 99.90 %, 100.40 % and 100.50 %). A statistical analysis confirmed, a precision with accuracy for simultaneous fixing of (SMX). In addition, a British pharmacopoeia method was compared with the method used in this paper using F test.
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34

Husain, Sajid, M. Kifayatullah, and R. NAGESWARA RAO. "Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Method for Determination of Phenylbutazone and Oxyphenbutazone in Tablets." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 71, no. 3 (May 1, 1988): 525–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/71.3.525.

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Abstract A simple, specific, and rapid 'H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic method for the assay of phenylbutazone and oxyphenbutazone is described. Spectra are recorded in CDC13 containing 1,3- dichloro-5-nitrobenzene as an internal standard. The aromatic proton resonances for the standard, at 57.7 and 8.2, are well separated from those of phenylbutazone and oxyphenbutazone, which are in the region of 56.5-7.3 ppm. Average percent recoveries of phenylbutazone and oxyphenbutazone were 98.9 and 98.6 with standard deviations of 0.6 and 0.7, respectively. Commercial formulations were analyzed and the results obtained by the proposed method closely agreed with those found by the British Pharmacopoeia method
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35

Hassan, Ekram M., Mohammed E. M. Hagga, and Haya I. Al Johar. "Kinetic Method for the Determination of Cisapride in Pharmaceutical Preparations." Scientia Pharmaceutica 68, no. 3 (August 4, 2000): 281–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.aut-00-26.

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An accurate kinetic method for the determination of cisapride is described. The method is based on the reaction of cisapride with potassium dichromate in 2.5 M sulphuric acid at room temperature for a fixed-time of 10 min, afterwards the absorbance of the reaction product is measured at 527 nm. The concentration of cisapride is computed using the corresponding calibration equation for the fixed-time method. The method is applied successfully to commercial tablets and oral suspension dosage forms. The results obtained are compared statistically with the British Pharmacopoeia method. The determination of cisapride by other kinetic methods is feasible with calibration equation obtained but the fixed-time method proves to be more applicable.
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36

Alves, Carlos Fernando Teixeira. "Anthony C. Cartwright, The British Pharmacopoeia, 1864 to 2014: Medicines, International Standards and the State." History of Pharmacy and Pharmaceuticals 62, no. 3-4 (2020): 181–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3368/hopp.62.3-4.181.

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37

McIntyre, Michael. "British herbal compendium. Vol 1: A handbook of scientific information on widely used plant drugs. (Companion to Vol 1 of the British Herbal Pharmacopoeia)." Complementary Therapies in Medicine 1, no. 4 (October 1993): 226–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0965-2299(93)90042-c.

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38

J.N., Oraeluno, Obasi J.C, Bamigbola E.A, and Joseph B.A. "Production and Evaluation of Disintegrant Properties of Microcrystalline Cellulose Derived from SaccharumofficinarumL (Poaceae) in Metronidazole Based Formulation." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicine 6, no. 4 (April 30, 2021): 42–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.47760/ijpsm.2021.v06i04.004.

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The aim of the study was to produce microcrystalline cellulose from Saccharumofficinarum and to evaluate its use as a disintegrant in metronidazole tablet formulation. Cellulose was produced and characterized. This was followed by a comparative characterization of the tablets formulated by using Saccharumofficinarummicrocrystalline cellulose (SO-MCC), maize starch and crosscarmellose sodium (Ac-di-sol®) as disintegrants. The granules were evaluated for flow properties and the tablet evaluated for hardness, friability, disintegration and dissolution properties. For disintegration studies, the disintegrants disintegrated within 10 minutes in this order: Ac-di-sol® >SO-MCC>Maize starch. All the tablets exhibited high release profile which conformed to British Pharmacopoeia standards. Hence, SO-MCC can be used as an alternative disintegrant in terms of cost and availability.
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39

Journal, Baghdad Science. "Nitroso-R-salt as a sensitive spectrophotometric reagent for the determination of paracetamol in pharmaceutical preparations." Baghdad Science Journal 6, no. 3 (September 6, 2009): 570–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.6.3.570-577.

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Nitroso-R-salt is proposed as a sensitive spectrophotometric reagent for the determination of paracetamol in aqueous solution. The method is based on the reaction of paracetamol with iron(III) and subsequent reaction with nitroso-R-salt to yield a green colored complex with maximum absorption at 720 nm. Optimization of the experimental conditions was described. The calibration graph was linear in the concentration range of 0.1 – 2.0 ?g mL-1 paracetamol with a molar absorptivity of 6.9 × 104 L mol-1 cm-1. The method was successfully applied to the determination of paracetamol in pharmaceutical preparations without any interference from common excipients. The method has been statistically evaluated with British Pharmacopoeia method and no statistical difference between methods was found at the 95% confidence level.
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40

Zhang, Ni, Zhiying Ding, Hao Li, Xin Wang, and Xiaodong Shao. "A Practical and Nontarnishing Method for the Analysis of Trace Nickel in Hydrogenated Cottonseed Oil by Inductively Coupled Plasma/Mass Spectrometry with Pressurized PTFE Vessel Acid Digestion." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 93, no. 1 (January 1, 2010): 323–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/93.1.323.

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Abstract A practical and nontarnishing method for the determination of trace nickel (Ni) in hydrogenated cottonseed oil by inductively coupled plasma/mass spectrometry (ICP/MS) was developed. In order to avoid tarnishing in the pretreatment of samples, the technology of pressurized PTFE vessel acid digestion was applied. The temperature and acid content in the digestion were optimized. The results showed that hydrogenated cottonseed oil could be digested completely by the proposed method. Compared with the U.S. Pharmacopeia 28 and British Pharmacopoeia 2003 methods, the developed method avoided the risk of using platinum and the tarnish from silica crucibles. In addition, the analytical cycle of the test solution was shortened by the use of ICP/MS instead of graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry.
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41

Sandhu, Navjot Kaur, Durga Das Angehore, Neeraj Upmanyu, and Pawan K. Porwal. "Stereospecific Determination of Sertraline and its Impurities in Bulk Drug Using Cyclodextrins as a Chiral Selector." Current Pharmaceutical Analysis 16, no. 7 (August 17, 2020): 823–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573412915666190312164301.

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Background: Sertraline Hydrochloride, an oral anti-depressant, has two chiral centers and its cis enantiomers and trans diasteromers are defined as related substances by United State Pharmacopoeia and British Pharmacopoeia. Introduction: A selective, stereospecific and economical high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method was developed for the determination of sertraline enantiomeric forms. The HPLC-UV method was developed and optimized in the terms of system suitability parameters. Methods: The elution was made using a mixture of -cyclodextrin (-CD) and hydroxypropyl - cyclodextrin (HP -CD). Analysis was performed on a Zorbax SB C-18 column (250 x 4.6mm), 5μ with the mobile phase consisting of 170mM KH2PO4 containing -CD and HP -CD (pH: 3.0 with dil. H3PO4) and acetonitrile (75:25, v/v). Flow rate was kept at 1.0mL/min and the detection was carried out by UV at 220nm. Enantio-separation for sertraline was carried out using two different CDs (β-CD and HP β- CD) at different concentrations in the mobile phase. Results: Complete resolution of all the four isomers was achieved using 9mM β-CD and 15mM HP β- CD in the mobile phase. The development was optimized using central composite quadric model, where concentration of -CD and HP -CD were varied and resolution between trans diastereomeric impurities was calculated as a response. Conclusion: Resolution between any pair of isomers was found to be more than 2. Method development and optimization leading to the best resolution between the isomers of sertraline is described in detail.
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42

Gotardo, M. A., R. Sequinel, L. Pezza, and H. R. Pezza. "Determination of atenolol in pharmaceutical formulations by diffuse reflectance spectroscopy." Eclética Química 33, no. 4 (December 2008): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-46702008000400001.

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A simple analytical method for quantification of atenolol in pharmaceutical formulations by diffuse reflectance spectroscopy is described. The method is based on the reaction, on the filter paper surface, between the drug and p-chloranil producing a colored compound. The best reaction conditions were obtained with 20 µL of atenolol solution and 20 µL of p-chloranil. All reflectance measurements were carried out at 550 nm and the linear range was from 1.13x10-2 to 7.88x10-2 mol L-1 (r = 0.9992). The limit of detection was 2.80 x 10-3 mol L-1. The proposed method was successfully applied to analysis of different commercial brands of pharmaceutical formulations and the results obtained by the proposed method were in good agreement with those obtained using the British Pharmacopoeia method.
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43

Busson, Roger, Paul J. Claes, and Hubert Vanderhaeghe. "Determination of the Composition of Gentamicin Sulfates by 1H and 13C Nuclear Magnetic Spectroscopy." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 69, no. 4 (July 1, 1986): 601–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/69.4.601.

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Abstract The British Pharmacopoeia test controlling the composition of gentamicin sulfate is based on CW 60 MHz magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Application of this method to FT 90 MHz spectra was evaluated. Results clearly show the limitations of this technique and point out the need for more reliable assay methods. Thus a 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) procedure for quantitative analysis of gentamicin sulfate was developed. Ratios of 4 gentamicin components (C1, C2, C1., and C2.) were obtained from peak height measurements of selected resonance signals in spectra recorded under steady-state conditions. Relative response factors were determined from spectra of a reference mixture or, alternatively, from spectra of the individual pure components. Results obtained by the 13C NMR method were in agreement with those obtained by liquid chromatography using pre-column derivatization.
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44

Godspower, Onavbavba, and Alemede Vincent Odunayo. "Quantification of the Content of Ten (10) Brands of Metronidazole Infusion Marketed in Abuja Metropolis by UV Spectroscopic Method." Academic Journal of Chemistry, no. 58 (October 23, 2020): 101–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.32861/ajc.58.101.105.

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The proliferation of substandard drugs is a major public health challenge, especially in developing countries which lacks adequate resources to effectively monitor their prevalence. Currently, there are no reliable statistics on the level of incidence of fake drugs in Nigeria. The quality of medicines is an integral part in ensuring that pharmaceutical products are fit for their intended use, comply with requirements of marketing authorization and do not expose consumers to risks. For this to be achieved, there must be a system of quality assurance, which incorporates aspects including product development, manufacturing, distribution, and storage. This study aimed at quantifying the content of ten (10) brands of metronidazole infusion marketed in Abuja by UV-Spectroscopic method. Ten (10) brands of metronidazole were purchased in different pharmacies within the city of Abuja and were assayed using UV-Spectroscopic method as stated in British Pharmacopoeia 2017 edition. All the ten (10) brands of metronidazole that were assayed had a percentage content of 100.97% to 108.15%. From the study carried out, all the brands of metronidazole infusion complied with the content uniformity test as stated in the British Pharmacopeia.
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45

Journal, Baghdad Science. "Spectrophotometric determination of metoclopramide hydrochloride in pharmaceutical tablets, by diazotization-coupling method with 1-naphthol as the coupling agent." Baghdad Science Journal 7, no. 1 (March 7, 2010): 704–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.7.1.704-712.

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Simple, rapid and sensitive spectrophotometric method was proposed for the analysis of metoclopramide hydrochloride (MPH) in pure form as well as in pharmaceutical tablets. The method is based on the diazotization reaction of MPH with sodium nitrite in hydrochloric acid medium to form diazonium salt, which is coupled with 1-naphthol in sodium hydroxide medium to form azo dye, showing absorption maxima at 550 nm. Beer’s law is obeyed in the concentration range of 0.4 – 18 µg mL-1 of MPH with detection limit 0.5448 µg mL-1. The molar absorptivity and Sandell’s sensitivity are 3.4969 × 104 L mol-1 cm-1 and 0.0101 µg cm-2, respectively. The method was successfully applied to the determination of MPH in pharmaceutical tablets without any interference from common excipients used as additives in tablets. The results agree favorably with the official British Pharmacopoeia method.
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46

Montgomery, J., and A. Robertson. "Vapours, gargles, darts and bougies: Victorian ENT treatments." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 126, no. 11 (July 18, 2012): 1159–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215112001612.

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AbstractBackground:Sir Morell Mackenzie (1837–1892), the pre-eminent early laryngologist in the UK, is nowadays perhaps better remembered for his role in the management of the Crown Prince of Germany in 1887, than for his major contribution to the development of laryngology as a specialty. In this article we focus upon his text The Pharmacopoeia of the Hospital for Diseases of the Throat (fourth edition), and attempt a comparison of Victorian ENT treatments with today's management of ENT diseases.Treatments:Some of these Victorian treatments bear a resemblance to modern day practices. Others have not withstood the test of time, in particular: silver nitrate sticks for syphilitic ulcers of the larynx (not epistaxis); nebulised sulphuric acid, which was used as a stimulant; nasal bougies, including scotch pine and lead acetate; chloroform vapour for the treatment of hay fever; ‘London paste’, a non-surgical treatment for the reduction of the tonsils, (which was perhaps the Victorian equivalent of coblation); and zinc chloride darts, which were plunged into intractable goitres.Conclusion:Some of these remedies bear no resemblance to today's evidence-based practices, while other treatments (such as silver nitrate) are still in common use. In Victorian times, however, Mackenzie's books were widely read throughout Europe and were the standard references for a specialty in its infancy. The Pharmacopoeia was published in 1872, and major advances in medicine have been made since then. We have no way of knowing which treatments in today's British National Formulary will still be in use in 140 years.
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47

Oakey, Andrew, Tim Waters, Wanqing Zhu, Paul G. Royall, Tom Cherrett, Patrick Courtney, Dennis Majoe, and Nickolay Jelev. "Quantifying the Effects of Vibration on Medicines in Transit Caused by Fixed-Wing and Multi-Copter Drones." Drones 5, no. 1 (March 13, 2021): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/drones5010022.

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The concept of transporting medical products by drone is gaining a lot of interest amongst the medical and logistics communities. Such innovation has generated several questions, a key one being the potential effects of flight on the stability of medical products. The aims of this study were to quantify the vibration present within drone flight, study its effect on the quality of the medical insulin through live flight trials, and compare the effects of vibration from drone flight with traditional road transport. Three trials took place in which insulin ampoules and mock blood stocks were transported to site and flown using industry standard packaging by a fixed-wing or a multi-copter drone. Triaxial vibration measurements were acquired, both in-flight and during road transit, from which overall levels and frequency spectra were derived. British Pharmacopeia quality tests were undertaken in which the UV spectra of the flown insulin samples were compared to controls of known turbidity. In-flight vibration levels in both the drone types exceeded road induced levels by up to a factor of three, and predominant vibration occurred at significantly higher frequencies. Flown samples gave clear insulin solutions that met the British Pharmacopoeia specification, and no aggregation of insulin was detected.
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48

Shazamani, S., Wajeeha Begum, and Syeda Sumaiya. "Therapeutic potential of Murmakki (Commiphora myrrha) in gynaecological disorder: A Unani review." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 12, no. 4 (July 18, 2022): 227–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v12i4.5554.

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Murmakki is a well-known and potent herbal drug used in various traditional medicines for its various beneficial effects on different Gynaecological ailments and diseases. It is commonly known as Gum Resin. It Consists of oleogum resin obtained by exudation from the stem of a plant of Commiphora myrrha. It is used in Saudi Arabia, Indian and Western Medicine and is listed in the British pharmacopoeia as an antispasmodic and expectorant. In ancient traditional Persian manuscripts, it has been noted that myrhh acts as a uterine stimulant and probably cause complete abortion. In Unani Medicine, it is used as a potent drug for dysmenorrhea and amenorrhea as mentioned by Avicenna and Razi in their treatises. This review article discusses the pharmacognosy, phytotherapy, phytochemical and biological studies of Commiphora myrrha along with a comprehensive review based on Unani Medicine. Keywords: Murmakki, Commiphora myrrha, Oleo gum resin, Gynaecological disorders.
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49

Amer, Sawsan M., Samah S. Abbas, Mostafa A. Shehata, and Nahed M. Ali. "Simultaneous Determination of Phenylephrine Hydrochloride, Guaifenesin, and Chlorpheniramine Maleate in Cough Syrup by Gradient Liquid Chromatography." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 91, no. 2 (March 1, 2008): 276–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/91.2.276.

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Abstract A simple and reliable high-performance liquid chromatographic method was developed for the simultaneous determination of mixture of phenylephrine hydrochloride (PHENYL), guaifenesin (GUAIF), and chlorpheniramine maleate (CHLO) either in pure form or in the presence of methylparaben and propylparaben in a commercial cough syrup dosage form. Separation was achieved on a C8 column using 0.005 M heptane sulfonic acid sodium salt (pH 3.4 0.1) and acetonitrile as a mobile phase by gradient elution at different flow rates, and detection was done spectrophotometrically at 210 nm. A linear relationship in the range of 30180, 1201800, and 1060 g/mL was obtained for PHENYL, GUAIF, and CHLO, respectively. The results were statistically analyzed and compared with those obtained by applying the British Pharmacopoeia (2002) method and showed that the proposed method is precise, accurate, and can be easily applied for the determination of the drugs under investigation in pure form and in cough syrup formulations.
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50

Noor, R., N. Huda, F. Rahman, T. Bashar, and SK Munshi. "Microbial contamination in herbal medicines available in Bangladesh." Bangladesh Medical Research Council Bulletin 39, no. 3 (September 4, 2014): 124–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmrcb.v39i3.20313.

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Abstract:
Plants have long been used as herbal medicines in many countries. However, microbial contamination of these medicines may affect human health. Present study was performed to assess the pathogenic proliferation in the locally available commercial herbal oral medicines. The pathogenic load was compared with the microbiological standard given by the British Pharmacopoeia. Out of 85 oral liquid samples, 2 were found to be highly contaminated with a total aerobic bacterial load of 1.24×105 cfu/ml, 10 samples were contaminated with fungi (1.2×104-6.3×104 cfu/ml). Tests for specific pathogens were carried out. One sample showed contamination by coliforms but none of the samples were contaminated by Salmonella spp. and Shigella spp. Among 40 semisolid samples, one showed to be contaminated with bacteria (1.93×105 cfu/g) and 5 samples consisted of fungal load ranging between 1.5×104-2.2×104 cfu/g. The presence of bacteria and fungi in these samples thus suggest the fact that aseptic handling is necessary during processing of oral herbal medicines. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmrcb.v39i3.20313 Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2013; 39: 124-129
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