Academic literature on the topic 'British Physicists'

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Journal articles on the topic "British Physicists"

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Mundell, Ian. "France welcomes British physicists." Nature 357, no. 6377 (June 1992): 350. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/357350b0.

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CHERFAS, J. "More Pain for British Physicists." Science 251, no. 5000 (March 22, 1991): 1421. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.251.5000.1421-a.

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Sweet, William. "British Particle Physicists Reject Proposed Cuts for CERN." Physics Today 38, no. 9 (September 1985): 67–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2814692.

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Davies, Mansel. "Physics and Physicists in the British Science Scene." Physics Bulletin 36, no. 6 (June 1985): 249–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-9112/36/6/019.

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Blow, D., and S. Wallwork. "Prehistory of the British Crystallographic Association." Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London 58, no. 2 (May 22, 2004): 177–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.2004.0054.

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Development of a unified organization for British crystallographers was hindered, especially during the 1960s and 1970s, because of the separation of crystallographic groups for physicists and chemists. This was due partly to loyalties to different parent societies and partly to associated financial problems. The British Crystallographic Association was eventually formed by the creation of groups that were affiliated jointly to the parent societies and to the new Association. Founder Members and industrial Founder Sponsors made the Association financially viable, and it is now one of the largest crystallographic societies in the world.
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Clarke, Imogen. "How to manage a revolution: Isaac Newton in the early twentieth century." Notes and Records: the Royal Society Journal of the History of Science 68, no. 4 (September 3, 2014): 323–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.2014.0030.

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In the first half of the twentieth century, dramatic developments in physics came to be viewed as revolutionary, apparently requiring a complete overthrow of previous theories. British physicists were keen to promote quantum physics and relativity theory as exciting and new, but the rhetoric of revolution threatened science's claim to stability and its prestigious connections with Isaac Newton. This was particularly problematic in the first decades of the twentieth century, within the broader context of political turmoil, world war, and the emergence of modernist art and literature. This article examines how physicists responded to their cultural and political environment and worked to maintain disciplinary connections with Isaac Newton, emphasizing the importance of both the old and the new. In doing so they attempted to make the physics ‘revolution’ more palatable to a British public seeking a sense of permanence in a rapidly changing world.
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Vojak, Bruce A., Abbie Griffin, Raymond L. Price, and Konstantin Perlov. "Characteristics of technical visionaries as perceived by American and British industrial physicists." R and D Management 36, no. 1 (January 2006): 17–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9310.2005.00412.x.

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Falconer, Isobel. "Vortices and atoms in the Maxwellian era." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 377, no. 2158 (September 30, 2019): 20180451. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2018.0451.

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The mathematical study of vortices began with Herman von Helmholtz's pioneering study in 1858. It was pursued vigorously over the next two decades, largely by British physicists and mathematicians, in two contexts: Maxwell's vortex analogy for the electromagnetic field and William Thomson's (Lord Kelvin) theory that atoms were vortex rings in an all-pervading ether. By the time of Maxwell's death in 1879, the basic laws of vortices in a perfect fluid in three-dimensional Euclidean space had been established, as had their importance to physics. Early vortex studies were embedded in a web of issues spanning the fields we now know as ‘mathematics’ and ‘physics’—fields which had not yet become institutionally distinct disciplines but overlapped. This paper investigates the conceptual issues with ideas of force, matter, and space, that underlay mechanics and led to vortex models being an attractive proposition for British physicists, and how these issues played out in the mathematics of vortices, paying particular attention to problems around continuity. It concludes that while they made valuable contributions to hydrodynamics and the nascent field of topology, the British ultimately failed in their more physical objectives. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Topological and geometrical aspects of mass and vortex dynamics’.
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Gomel, Elana. "“SPIRITS IN THE MATERIAL WORLD”: SPIRITUALISM AND IDENTITY IN THE FIN DE SIÈCLE." Victorian Literature and Culture 35, no. 1 (January 22, 2007): 189–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1060150307051480.

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BOOKS ARE SOMETIMES published posthumously. In the nineteenth century, books were occasionally written posthumously when spiritualist mediums claimed to receive communications from the spirits of famous writers anxious to keep in touch with their public from beyond the grave. Oscar Wilde wrote his last book twenty-six years after his death, Oscar Wilde from Purgatory: Psychic Messages (1926), edited by Hester Travers Smith, the medium who received the messages while in trance and inscribed them through the process known as “automatic writing.” The book was highly regarded in the spiritualist community, boasting a preface by Sir William Barrett, a famous physicist, a member of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, and – along with a number of other illustrious men of science such as physicists Sir William Crookes and Oliver Lodge as well as biologist Alfred Russell Wallace – a convert to spiritualism.
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Hamilton, Beryl. "British Geologists' Changing Perceptions of Precambrian Time in the Nineteenth Century." Earth Sciences History 8, no. 2 (January 1, 1989): 141–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/eshi.8.2.237l18216v3kn408.

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Time as a physical and metaphysical phenomenon underlies the development of ideas about the Precambrian in the nineteenth century. In Britain there was a strong philosophical tradition concerning the nature of time which was closely tied to science, especially the physical sciences. A clash developed between the physical and the earth scientists about the nature and duration of time, particularly where the age of the earth was concerned. As the rocks of the lowest part of the geological column were identified and mapped, the geologists' perceptions of the Precambrian, its duration and ultimate age, changed. This occurred while using what many physicists thought of as false and lax concepts of the physical nature of time.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "British Physicists"

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Wright, David Stuart. "Factors influencing the location of practice of residents and interns in British Columbia : implications for policy making." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/25051.

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Up to the middle of the 1970's most government policies dealing with physician manpower dealt with the problems of increasing the supply of physicians, rather than changing the geographic disparity of physicians between urban and rural areas. In 1983 the British Columbia government introduced legislation (passed in a modified form in 1985) that would restrict certain groups of physicians from obtaining Medical Service Plan billing numbers in certain areas of the province, in an attempt to change the geographic distribution of physicians in this province. Regulation is only one of a number of approaches to altering the distribution of physicians. The purpose of this study is to attempt to recommend other approaches that could be used to alter the geographic distribution of physicians, based on the factors which the residents and interns of British Columbia would consider necessary before they will establish practices in the rural areas of the province. The literature was examined to determine the present supply and distribution of physicians in the province of British Columbia. It was shown that the metropolitan areas had much higher concentrations of physicians than did the non-metropolitan regions. The literature was then searched to determine what types of policies had been used in an effort to change this geographic disparity and also to determine what factors influence physicians to locate their practices where they do. From this research a questionnaire was developed and mailed to all residents and interns registered in the University of British Columbia medical program in the academic year 1984-85. A response rate of 31.8% was obtained in this survey. It was found that many physicians were raised in large communities and planned to locate their practices in similar geographic areas to where they were raised. It was also found that the factors which the residents and interns considered to be the most important fell into the "Fixed Determinant" category, that is factors that are personal preferences of the physician. This makes it very difficult to formulate any type of non-regulatory policy to affect the geographic distribution of physicians in British Columbia
Medicine, Faculty of
Population and Public Health (SPPH), School of
Graduate
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Hellström, Filip. "British, medical practitioners’ perspectives on dysentery 1740-1800." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Historiska institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-423028.

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This master thesis aims to show how a qualitative approach to early modern medical practitioners’ perspectives can provide a basis for a better understanding of the disease of dysentery. The focus is on: 1) How the disease of dysentery was described and how the challenge of dysentery was perceived. 2) What individual measure and commitments were taken for the patients and why. 3) How the cause of the disease was understood and explained. 4) How perspectives differed between physicians and surgeons.Of particular interest when it comes to the disease of dysentery is how the disease and its cause were perceived.Eleven texts written by mainly British medical practitioners from primary sources such as reports, logbooks and letters on dysentery written during the years 1740 - 1800 have been used for close readings and a qualitative analysis was performed on the collected data.The analysis showed (i) that medical practitioners expressed considerable interest in dysentery and in trying to understand it as a great suffering for individuals, for society and for humanity as a whole. (ii) Medical practitioners took treatment measures based on how they understood the cause of the disease outbreak. Either the dysentery was referred to internal causes, as sickness in organs, especially the organs that produced bodily fluids, or it was referred to external causes, as a sickness caused by heat, cold, weather, winds, air, climate, seasons, lunar position, etc. (iii) The cause of the disease was understood and explained both as an infection and as a pre-disposition for imbalances in body fluids. (iv) Both physicians and surgeons understood that the disease of dysentery was a global phenomenon and that the disease often was connected to the climate and weather. This standpoint was based on the fact that dysentery distinguished itself as an autumnal disease. Its eruption usually began with a few scattered cases in July, then increased in August and culminated in September. Theories about the disease, its causes and treatment did not differ significantly between physicians and surgeons. However, the views of different physicians did differ.The thematic map of understanding related to disease of dysentery, shows that medical practitioners’ knowledge, theories and ideas behind the medical practice of dysentery, have an ambiguity in the view of both the dysentery and the treatment of it. This was probably due to interpretation based both on observable causes of diseases, and on a more theoretical abstract meaning, where diseases to a greater extent was understood on the basis of symptoms and signs.It is suggested that regardless of the knowledge base of the individual medical practitioner, no one represented an independent knowledge base for their treatment of dysentery; rather they participated actively with each other in a mutually constitutive way in order to shape their understanding of the dysentery. This theses’ qualitative approach, allows dysentery patients and their medical practitioners via the texts of the medical practitioners, to offer very personal accounts of a highly contagious disease.
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Kondrlik, Kristin E. "(Re)Writing Professional Ethos: Women Physicians and the Construction of Medical Authority in Victorian and Edwardian Print Culture." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1459462312.

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Convertito, Coriann. "The health of British seamen in the West Indies, 1770-1806." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/3918.

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This thesis examines the impact of disease and mortality on the Royal Navy in the West Indies from 1770 to 1806. It also investigates the navy’s medical branch which was established to manage the care of sick seamen. Using an interdisciplinary approach, this thesis produces a cohesive understanding of how disease and mortality affected the navy’s presence in the West Indies and the ways in which the navy attempted to mitigate their impact. This thesis explores various aspects of naval medicine including the history of the Sick and Hurt Board, the diseases which distressed seamen, the medicines distributed by the navy, the key personnel who were integral in generating changes to the medical system and the development of hospital facilities. Largely based on Admiralty records including correspondence and minutes from the Sick and Hurt Board, ships’ muster books and surgeons’ journals, this thesis investigates the most prevalent diseases in the West Indies and the prescribed treatments advocated by the navy. It then examines how these diseases and treatments affected seamen on board ships in that region through a quantitative analysis; then focuses on a number of the integral naval personnel who ushered in sweeping changes to naval medicine; and explores the navy’s increasing desire to transition from hired sick quarters to purpose-built naval hospitals on various West Indies islands. It concludes with a case study of the development of Antigua naval hospital which demonstrates the effectiveness of these facilities in convalescing sick seamen. Through a quantitative analysis of ships’ muster books, this thesis argues that the levels of sickness and mortality in the navy in the West Indies during the late eighteenth century are largely exaggerated in historical studies while also discrediting the myth that those islands were the ‘white man’s graveyard’ for many naval personnel. By surveying over 100,000 seamen on board ships in that region, sickness and mortality figures emerge which indicate that, on average, less than 4 per cent of seamen were on the sick list at any given time and only a small percentage died, meaning that the majority remained on active duty. This thesis then argues that many of the changes to the navy’s medical system that facilitated such low percentages were primarily instigated by surgeons, physicians and captains who identified beneficial medicines and championed their general distribution among the entire fleet. By looking at these aspects of naval medicine through a multidisciplinary lens rather than a purely administrative one, it is possible to understand the true state of health of British seamen in the West Indies during the last quarter of the eighteenth century.
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Johnson, Hayley Rebecca. ""Distempers peculiar to negros" : colonial physicians, etiological investigations, and the racialization of medicine in the eighteenth-century British West Indies." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/43091.

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This thesis examines eighteenth-century colonial medical attitudes toward and discussions of human difference. By surveying five medical tracts written by physicians working in Britain’s West Indian colonies, it contributes greater understanding to contemporary notions of human variation. In addition, it also produces a counter-narrative to scholastic depictions of eighteenth-century British medicine, which argue that medical debates over human variation were dominated by theologically-based theories promoting the homogeneity of “man.” Intervening in this discussion, this paper posits that a number of contemporary colonial medical practitioners developed theories that were based not on theology or previous medical assumptions, but on empirical evidence. Through a series of clinical observations, these practitioners observed vast health disparities between their British and slave (“Negro”) patients; though the bodies of each group responded negatively to transplantation to the West Indies, Britons and Negros reportedly suffered distinctly from different forms of illness. In response to these observations, the highlighted physicians identified a set of diseases—including Yaws, the “Sleepy Distemper,” and the Guinea Worm—which they determined must be exclusive to Negros. Past historical scholarship claims that eighteenth-century physicians overwhelmingly agreed that humans varied as a result of climatic influence. Here, however, I contend that the medical practitioners studied in this paper concluded that variations in health, disease, and physiology were the result of innate, racially-determined bodily and mental characteristics. By positing that there were a number of exclusively “Negro” diseases, they simultaneously suggested that the bodies of Negros were racially pathological and that humanity was heterogeneous—two conclusions that historians of race argue were not reached until the works of nineteenth-century racial scientists. Throughout the following case studies, I argue that the racialization of medicine began as early as 1707 with the colonial writings of British physician Hans Sloane. While this initial racialization process did not overtly express any value judgements, it did suggest that Negros should be treated differently—if only in medical terms. It also directly contributed to and influenced racist medical declarations made about Africans and other minority groups throughout the two proceeding centuries.
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Kruger, Mary B. "Factors influencing the life cycle activity patterns of fee-for-service physicians in British Columbia." Thesis, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/3069.

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Projection of the future supply of physician services has attracted considerable attention all over the world, especially in North America and Europe. Supply projections, however, have not taken into account physicians’ patterns of service provision. To date, no research on supply projections has examined the relative contribution to supply life-cycle activity patterns of physicians. This study examined the life-cycle activity patterns of two groups of non-postgraduate Directory Active fee-for-service physicians in British Columbia who had practised medicine for the period 1974-84 or 1980-84. Practice activity, the dependent variable, was measured by fee-adjusted payments made to individual physicians. Practice activity was conceptualized to be influenced by three groups of interrelated factors-- personal, professional, and environmental--each comprised of a number of distinct contributory variables. Data analyses included descriptive, logistical regression and time-series/ cross-section regression methods. The time-series/cross-section regression results showed that about 35% of the variance in practice activity could be explained by all variables except past practice activity. Including this variable in the regression equations increased the variances explained to about 90%. Specialty- and sex-specific analyses showed that variances explained by the three factors, and especially the variables comprising each of the factors, varied considerably. The personal factor accounted for most of the variances; the contributions of the professional factor were very small, while those of the environmental factor were negligible. A low previous year’s income emerged as the best predictor of self-declared retirement. Most GPs, medical, and surgical specialists retired long after the usual retirement age of 65 years. The practice activity of female GPs and medical specialists was significantly lower than those of their male counterparts; this observation did not apply to female surgical specialists. Sex-specific results showed that activity levels and patterns of childbearing-aged females did not differ significantly from their non-childbearing aged counterparts. The research provides comprehensive data on the major variables influencing physician activity in a setting with comprehensive, universal, first dollar health care insurance. It also offers many insights for those interested in policy respecting physician supply and requirements, physician retirement patterns, and sex- and specialty-specific differences in practice patterns.
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Yip, So-han Seraphina. "Social workers’ and physicians’ experiences with review panels in British Columbia." Thesis, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/12301.

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In British Columbia, individuals with a mental disorder can be hospitalised against their will under the Mental Health Act (1999), when a physician determines that "protection of the person or others" is an issue. Involuntary psychiatric hospitalisation involves a major infringement of an individual's civil liberty. When patients or their representatives disagree with the treatment teams about their involuntary hospitalisation, they can apply for an appeal hearing named the review panel under the Mental Health Act (1999). From a theoretical perspective, the traditional medical model and the social constructionist model, which offer different views concerning individuals with mental illness who are hospitalised against their will, are presented. This theoretical contrast underscores a major dilemma faced by mental health professionals in fostering client self-determination, while they are providing services on the principle of beneficent protection. An empowerment model of social work practice is then described to illustrate how services can be provided to help mental patients regain a sense of control over their lives. Concerns about the current legislation regarding involuntary hospitalisation are also discussed. To supplement the limited number of studies currently available on review panels, a quantitative descriptive study was conducted at Riverview Hospital, the only tertiary psychiatric hospital in British Columbia, surveying the experiences of 39 social workers and physicians with review panels. A questionnaire consisting of 22 Likerttype items was used. Four categories were identified: (a) patient-related issues, (b) effects of review panels on treatment teams, (c) role conflicts, and (d) operational issues. Despite the apparent lack of formal training, social workers and physicians generally reported having adequate knowledge of review panels. Social workers and physicians who were involved more frequently with review panels appeared to have more positive attitudes towards them. Their training pertaining to the Mental Health Act was also significantly related to their attitudes. Neither patients nor their families reportedly had adequate knowledge of the review panel process. Although some positive effects of review panels were acknowledged, staff generally had mixed attitudes about review panels. Guided by an empowerment model, these findings have important implications for social work practice. These include the need for further professional training, improved communication between health professionals and legal advocates, education for patients and families, and the support of patients' collective action, so that review panels can be a more empowering experience for mental patients.
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Heath, Katherine Valerie. "The therapeutic management of HIV disease : concurrence with contemporary clinical guidelines among the physicians of British Columbia." Thesis, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/6013.

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Objectives: To describe patterns of knowledge regarding the therapeutic management of HIV-disease and concordance with therapeutic guidelines among three groups of British Columbian physicians and to identify possible determinants of these patterns Methods: Anonymous questionnaires were mailed to: all registrants of a province-wide HIV/AIDS drug treatment program (Group-G, n=659); all physicians who had a patient test HIV positive since 1989 (Group-H, n=816); and a random sample selected from the remaining physicians of British Columbia (Group-R, n=484). Questionnaires provided information about: physician demographic, personal and professional characteristics; level of current and total HIV-related experience; and knowledge of the use of therapeutic strategies including vaccinations, clinical tests, laboratory tests and antiretroviral therapy in the context of HIV patient care. An extended version of the survey sent to Group-G physicians requested additional information about the management of HIV-related opportunistic infections (OIs). Summary scores of patient care knowledge were computed by comparing physician responses to questions pertaining to knowledge of clinical management with recommendations made in contemporary therapeutic guidelines. Linear regression was used to identify associations between physician characteristics and knowledge scores. Results: Complete information was received from 38% of G-Group and 50% of Groups H and R, with limited demographic and experiential information obtained from a further 27%, 18% and 20% of groups G, H and R respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed a significant inverse relationship between physician knowledge and age in all groups (all p<0.02). Increased knowledge scores were also associated with the number of active HIV positive patients in groups G and H (all p<0.001) and lack of specialty training in groups H and R (all p< 0.001). Regarding the additional information gathered from Group-G respondents, physicians practising in Vancouver were more knowledgeable about 01 prophylaxis (p=0.047) while those with medical specialty training were more knowledgeable about the treatment of these illnesses (p=0.009). Conclusion: The data provides evidence of substantial heterogeneity in physician's preferred approaches to the therapeutic management of HIV disease and considerable deviation from contemporary guidelines. The level of concordance with these guidelines is associated with physician characteristics, most notably age, medical specially training and level of current HIV-related experience.
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Rand, Emily Marie Nicholson. "Examining the Use of the 2006 and 2007 World Health Organization Growth Charts by Family Physicians in British Columbia." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/5303.

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Introduction: The epidemic of overweight and obesity both worldwide and in Canada is indicative of the need for proper growth monitoring beginning at birth. This study evaluated Family Physician’s (FP) Level of Use (LoU) of the recommended 2006 and 2007 World Health Organization (WHO) Growth Charts for monitoring their paediatric patients’ growth. It explored factors influencing LoU, utilizing the Diffusion of Innovations (DOI) theory and Ecological Framework for Effective Implementation (EFEI) as guiding models. FPs’ awareness of resources to support paediatric weight management was also assessed. Methods: A survey was distributed to FP in British Columbia (BC), Canada (N = 2853). The survey addressed provider and innovation characteristics, prevention delivery and support system factors, and barriers and facilitators to chart use. Correlations and multiple linear regression were used to determine correlates and predictors of LoU. Results: Sixty-two surveys were returned (2.2%). WHO Growth Chart LoU was 80.4%. Six variables significantly predicted LoU, including age (β = -.28, t = -3.15, p < .05), practicing in Fraser Health Authority region (β = -.24, t = -2.67, p < .05), assessing head circumference of birth to two year olds (β = .23, t = 2.45, p < .05), perceived growth chart accessibility (β = .39, t = 4.22, p < .05) and compatibility (β = .47, t = 5.27, p < .05), and innovativeness (β = -.37, t = -4.11, p < .05). These variables accounted for 69% of the variance in LoU. The most commonly identified barrier and facilitator to chart use was related to the Electronic Medical Record (EMR) system. FPs’ awareness of resources to support overweight paediatric patients was low. Conclusion: The majority of FP in BC in this sample had adopted the WHO Growth Charts. The results showed partial support for DOI theory and EFEI derived factors. Despite a small sample size, the findings highlighted the importance of installing the charts in the EMR systems, and can provide a foundation for future public health dissemination efforts and research on medical guideline implementation.
Graduate
0573
0769
erand@uvic.ca
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Books on the topic "British Physicists"

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Jatinder, Palta, Mackie T. Rock, and American Association of Physicists in Medicine, eds. Uncertainties in external beam radiation therapy: American Association of Physicists in Medicine 2011 Summer School proceedings, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada, August 4-9, 2011. Madison, Wisconsin: Published for the American Association of Physicists in Medicine by Medical Physics Publishing, 2011.

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Laucht, Christoph. Elemental Germans: Klaus Fuchs, Rudolf Peierls, and the making of British nuclear culture 1939-59. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan, 2012.

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Dr Willis in Japan: 1862-1877 : British medical pioneer. London: Athlone, 1985.

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Dealing with medical malpractice: The British and Swedish experience. Durham, N.C: Duke University Press, 1988.

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Rosenthal, Marilynn M. Dealing with medical malpractice: The British and Swedish experience. London: Tavistock, 1987.

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Rosenthal, Marilynn M. Dealing with medical malpractice: The British and Swedish experience. London: Tavistock, 1987.

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Carre, John Le. Mosike qing ren. Taibei Xian Xindian Shi: Mu ma wen hua shi ye gu fen you xian gong si, 2005.

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Carre, John Le. The Russia house. London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1989.

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Carre, John Le. The Russia house: A novel. New York: Knopf, 1989.

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Carre, John Le. La casa Rusia. 2nd ed. Barcelona: Plaza & Janés, 1991.

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Book chapters on the topic "British Physicists"

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Miller-Friedmann, Jaimie. "Elite British Female Physicists: Social Mobility and Identity Negotiations." In Cultural Studies of Science Education, 153–70. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-41933-2_9.

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Jansson, Åsa. "The Classification of Melancholia in Mid-Nineteenth-Century British Medicine." In From Melancholia to Depression, 63–88. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54802-5_3.

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Abstract This chapter traces melancholia from the early nineteenth century, when its nosological status as an independent disease category was contested, up until the 1860s. At this time, the view that insanity could be chiefly of the emotional kind, that is, largely without delusion of thought, was rapidly gaining ground among European medical writers. This shift from more traditional views of madness was crucial as it provided the epistemological foundation and conceptual framework necessary for disordered mood to become a possible and plausible medical concept. The chapter charts the nosological trajectory of melancholia through the work mid-century British physicians, who began to appropriate physiological language to speak about disordered mood and melancholia, increasingly abandoning older models.
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Jansson, Åsa. "The Scientific Foundation of Disordered Mood." In From Melancholia to Depression, 35–61. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54802-5_2.

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Abstract This chapter maps how early nineteenth-century experimental physiology provided a biological foundation for mental disorders in which no visible changes to brain tissue could be found. It charts the emergence of ‘psychological reflex action’, a key concept that facilitated a view of emotion as automated and involuntary, and thus prone to malfunction. The chapter follows the trajectory of psychological reflexion from internal scientific medicine to what became known as ‘physiological psychology’, where it provided mid-century British writers with the tools to create a biomedical framework for the phenomenon of disordered mood. The chapter ends by looking at how physiological psychology was gradually taken up by mid-century asylum physicians writing on mental disease.
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Moscati, Ivan. "Fundamental Measurement, Sensation Differences, and the British Controversy on Psychological Measurement, 1910–1940." In Measuring Utility, 69–78. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199372768.003.0005.

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Like chapter 1, chapter 4 broadens the narrative beyond utility measurement and reconstructs the discussions of measurement that took place in physics, philosophy, and psychology between 1910 and 1940. In physics and philosophy, the most influential discussion of measurement was presented in 1920 by Cambridge physicist Norman Robert Campbell. Campbell articulated a theory of fundamental and derived measurement that ultimately maintained the identification of measurement with unit-based measurement. In the 1920s, psychologists such as William Brown and Godfrey Thomson in England and Louis Leon Thurstone in the United States argued that some of their quantification techniques were capable of delivering unit-based measurement of sensations. Physicists denied this, and the resulting clash of views generated a controversy that engaged British physicists and psychologists from 1932 to 1940. The controversy ended in deadlock, with physicists and psychologists unable to find agreement on the meaning and the conditions of measurement.
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De Rújula, Alvaro. "The Bothersome Question of Units⋆." In Enjoy Our Universe, 8–10. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198817802.003.0003.

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Converting units is a pain. Celsius, Kelvin, and degrees Farenheit; feet, fathoms, and meters, American dollars and British pounds are examples. Physicists attempt to simplify units at maximum. Thus their “natural units” in which, for instance, the value of the speed of light, c, is simply and precisely 1, c = 1.
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"The Physicians." In The British In The Levant. I.B.Tauris, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9780755610846.ch-004.

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Keats, Jonathon. "Unparticle." In Virtual Words. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195398540.003.0007.

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“All science is either physics or stamp collecting.” So claimed Ernest Rutherford, the British physicist who discovered the atomic nucleus in 1910, touting the explanatory power of physics over the busywork of classifying elements or planets or animals. One hundred years later, the endless variety of matter postulated by physics—within the nucleus and throughout the universe—has far surpassed the inventories of the periodic table and solar system, leading particle physicists to refer to their domain as a bestiary and one textbook to be aptly titled A Tour of the Subatomic Zoo. There are electrons and protons and neutrons, as well as quarks and positrons and neutrinos. There are also gluons and muons—the unexpected discovery of which, in 1936, led the physicist Isidor Rabi to quip, “Who ordered that?”—and potentially axions and saxions and saxinos. In this menagerie it’s not easy for a new particle, especially a hypothetical one, to get attention. The unparticle, first proposed by American physicist Howard Georgi in 2007, is therefore remarkable for garnering worldwide media attention and spurring more than a hundred scholarly papers, especially considering that there’s no experimental evidence for it, nor is it called for mathematically by any prior theory. What an unparticle is, exactly, remains vague. The strange form of matter first arose on paper when Georgi asked himself what properties a “scale-invariant” particle might have and how it might interact with the observable universe. Scale invariance is a quality of fractals, such as snowflakes and fern leaves, that makes them look essentially the same at any magnification. Georgi’s analogous idea was to imagine particles that would interact with the same force regardless of the distance between them. What he found was that such particles would have no definite mass, which would, for example, exempt them from obeying special relativity. “It’s very difficult to even find the words to describe what unparticles are,” Georgi confessed to the magazine New Scientist in 2008, “because they are so unlike what we are familiar with.” For those unprepared to follow his mathematics, the name evokes their essential foreignness.
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Duncan, Anthony, and Michel Janssen. "The Birth of the Bohr Model." In Constructing Quantum Mechanics, 143–202. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198845478.003.0004.

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We follow Niels Bohr from his 1911 dissertation on the electron theory of metals to his 1913 trilogy on the constitution of atoms and molecules. The dissertation shows that Bohr was thoroughly familiar with the early work of predominantly German physicists on quantum theory and that he suspected that the behavior of bound rather than free electrons called for new laws of physics. During postdoctoral work with Rutherford in Manchester, Bohr learned about the alpha-scattering experiments by Geiger and Marsden that led Rutherford to suggest that an atom consists of a nucleus containing most of its mass with a cloud of electrons swirling around it. Bohr tried to infer the atomic structure in more detail from these and further alpha-scattering experiments. Bohr’s models are in the tradition of British atomic modeling of J.J. Thomson and others but Bohr also borrowed from Planck the notion that energy is proportional to frequency. These early ideas have been preserved in the so-called Manchester memorandum, a set of notes Bohr prepared for Rutherford before returning to Copenhagen in July 1912. In this memorandum, Bohr only considered the ground state of an atom and focused on chemical rather than spectroscopic phenomena. He first started thinking about excited states when he encountered models similar to his own by another British model builder, Nicholson. His interest shifted from chemistry to spectroscopy when a Danish colleague, Hansen, alerted him to the Balmer formula. Within a month of first laying eyes on Balmer’s formula, Bohr submitted the first installment of his trilogy, which contains his famous model of the hydrogen atom. In the following months he completed the trilogy, dealing with more complicated atoms and molecules and presenting results directly coming out of the research recorded in the Manchester memorandum.
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Barros, Juanita De. "Infant Welfare, Maternal Education, and Uplifting the Race." In Reproducing the British Caribbean. University of North Carolina Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469616056.003.0005.

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This chapter examines the role of certified, trained colonial midwives in the effort to tackle the problem of infant mortality and to deal with the population anxieties in the British Caribbean during the early twentieth century. Seen as the better alternative to the dangerous granny midwives who were considered a threat to the health of infants and mothers, these trained midwives also played an important role in promoting maternal education. Along with health visitors, physicians, and the volunteer members of baby-saving leagues, these midwives were charged with instructing mostly non-white, poor women in modern, hygienic methods of child rearing. This chapter looks at the infant and maternal welfare measures, particularly midwife training programs, that were introduced in the Caribbean colonies to tackle concerns about infant mortality and child rearing.
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Gross, Alan G. "Lisa Randall: The Technological Sublime." In The Scientific Sublime. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190637774.003.0008.

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In 2008 a rap video by Kate McAlpine went viral (nearly eight million views at present). Not your typical rap video, it takes place in the tunnel of the Large Hadron Collider and on the grounds 100 feet above. During the performance, the computer-generated voice of Stephen Hawking chimes in as part of a periodic call and response. Throughout, the lyrics are replete with technical terms like “protons,” “lead ions,” “antimatter,” “black holes,” “dark matter,” “Higgs boson,” “Standard Model,” “graviton,” “top quark,” and acronyms like “ALICE,” “ATLAS,” and “CMS.” Here is the central refrain: . . . The LHC accelerates the protons and the lead And the things that it discovers will rock you in the head. The Higgs boson, that’s the one that everybody talks about And it’s the one sure thing that this machine will sort out. . . . McAlpine’s was a prophesy that proved right on target. In 2016, François Englert and Peter Higgs won the Nobel Prize in physics for a conjecture they had made over a half century earlier, a mathematically driven leap of faith that became a scientific fact when the Higgs boson was detected—a hitherto mysterious but absolutely central member of the particle zoo. It was a discovery that confirmed the otherwise highly confirmed Standard Model, the explanatory centerpiece of the quantum world. At five billion dollars, the detector of the Higgs, the Large Hadron Collider, is the most expensive scientific apparatus ever built. It is a Mount Everest of machines, the apotheosis of the technological sublime. This form of sublimity is near the center of Lisa Randall’s professional life, the only means by which her deepest conjectures about the universe can be demonstrated. Hers is a flight into the scientific stratosphere tethered to events that she hopes will be observed by two incarnations of the technological sublime: the Large Hadron Collider or the GAIA satellite. When the UK funding for the Large Hadron Collider was still in question, Science Minister William Waldegrave challenged British physicists, telling them “that if anyone could explain what all the fuss was about, in plain English, on one sheet of paper, then he would reward that person with a bottle of vintage champagne.”
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Conference papers on the topic "British Physicists"

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Yousaf, Ehtasham, M. Shahid Yousuf, Catalin Soroiu, and Mohammad Tariq. "P552 British thoracic society (BTS) pneumonia audit: completing the loop." In Faculty of Paediatrics of the Royal College of Physicians of Ireland, 9th Europaediatrics Congress, 13–15 June, Dublin, Ireland 2019. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2019-epa.886.

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Wong, Jason, Theodora Consolacion, Alexandra Choi, Bernadette Zakher, Jeffrey Leong, Brian Ng, Jasmine Pawa, and Audrey Campbell. "P078 Barriers and facilitators to expedited partner therapy: a survey of family physicians in british columbia, canada." In Abstracts for the STI & HIV World Congress (Joint Meeting of the 23rd ISSTDR and 20th IUSTI), July 14–17, 2019, Vancouver, Canada. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2019-sti.275.

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St. Clair Jones, Anja. "PWE-072 Pharmacy technician in the IBD team maintains patient safety whilst freeing up pharmacists and physicians." In British Society of Gastroenterology, Annual General Meeting, 4–7 June 2018, Abstracts. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and British Society of Gastroenterology, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2018-bsgabstracts.204.

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Brown, SMN. "P96 Survey of paediatric respiratory physicians’ experiences of respiratory care and transition of patients with neuro-disability." In British Thoracic Society Winter Meeting, Wednesday 17 to Friday 19 February 2021, Programme and Abstracts. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and British Thoracic Society, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/thorax-2020-btsabstracts.241.

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Hoyle, JL, M. Carder, A. Money, M. Seed, D. Sen, RM Agius, and M. Van Tongeren. "P147 Origin of referrals seen by occupational physicians who report work related asthma." In British Thoracic Society Winter Meeting 2018, QEII Centre, Broad Sanctuary, Westminster, London SW1P 3EE, 5 to 7 December 2018, Programme and Abstracts. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and British Thoracic Society, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/thorax-2018-212555.305.

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Patel, T., A. Munro, G. Hettiarachchi, and R. Sarkar. "P111 Chest drain troubleshooting by trainee physicians: an easily deliverable multi-component training module." In British Thoracic Society Winter Meeting 2019, QEII Centre, Broad Sanctuary, Westminster, London SW1P 3EE, 4 to 6 December 2019, Programme and Abstracts. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and British Thoracic Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/thorax-2019-btsabstracts2019.254.

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Andrews, G., D. Lo, M. Richardson, and E. Gaillard. "S63 Do the royal college of physicians ‘three questions’ predict symptom control in paediatric asthma?" In British Thoracic Society Winter Meeting 2017, QEII Centre Broad Sanctuary Westminster London SW1P 3EE, 6 to 8 December 2017, Programme and Abstracts. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and British Thoracic Society, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/thoraxjnl-2017-210983.69.

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Piracha, S., U. Maqsood, M. Saleem, M. Ganaie, and A. Raza. "P45 A study of burnout and professional fulfillment among respiratory physicians (RP) in united kingdom." In British Thoracic Society Winter Meeting 2019, QEII Centre, Broad Sanctuary, Westminster, London SW1P 3EE, 4 to 6 December 2019, Programme and Abstracts. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and British Thoracic Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/thorax-2019-btsabstracts2019.188.

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Khan, Jaffar M., Toby Rogers, Vasilis C. Babaliaros, Adam B. Greenbaum, and Robert J. Lederman. "2 Laceration of the anterior mitral valve leaflet to prevent left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (lampoon)." In British Cardiovascular Intervention Society, Young Investigator Award Shortlisted Presentations, Royal College of Physicians of London, November 30 2017. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and British Cardiovascular Society, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/heartjnl-2018-bcis.2.

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Modi, Bhavik, and Divaka Perera. "3 Optimising physiology guided management of serial coronary artery disease." In British Cardiovascular Intervention Society, Young Investigator Award Shortlisted Presentations, Royal College of Physicians of London, November 30 2017. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and British Cardiovascular Society, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/heartjnl-2018-bcis.3.

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