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Pastukhov, Oleksandr. "Bassoon in the 16–17 centuries: the issues of the bassoon practice development." Aspects of Historical Musicology 19, no. 19 (February 7, 2020): 139–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.34064/khnum2-19.08.
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Background. The article deals with the interaction of the constructive evolution of the instrument and the development of bassoon performing of the 16–17 centuries. The aesthetics of that time was associated with the search for new expressive means, realization of which could be ensured by new instruments with rich and expressive sound. One of such instruments is bassoon; it was during the Baroque era when the bassoon took its shape and the sound image we know today. Thanks to technical evolution, the instrument acquired new artistic capabilities and new sound quality. A new repertoire was formed; bassoon became the part of such instrumental genres as sonata and concerto, it was firmly fixed in the score of the symphony orchestra. In music science, there are a number of studies devoted to wind instruments, the most significant of which are researches by G. Abadzhyan, V. Apatskiy L. Belenov, V. Berezin, V. Bohdanov, N. Volkov, V. Gromchenko, Yu. Dolzhikov, V. Kachmarchyk, V. Lebedev, V. Popov, I. Pushechnikov, Yu. Usov, and A. Kiziliayev. There are works, which focus on the bassoon, its history, expressive and technical capabilities (G. Abadzhyan, V. Apatskiy, V. Bubnovich, N. Karaulovsky, S. Levin, V. Leonov, V. Popov, V. Starko, Anthony Baines). It is worth noting the rather important and comprehensive work by V. Apatskiy “Bassoon from A to Z”. There are numerous scientific publications of international woodwind performers associations, such as the International Double Reed Society, the Australian double reed community, the British double reed community, the Japan bassoon society, the Finnish double reed community. The purpose of the article is to reveal the specifics of the relationship between the structural improvements of the bassoon and the performance on the bassoon in the period of 16–17 centuries. Achieving this goal will help to perform tasks such as a historical overview of the development of the bassoon in the Baroque era and identify the relationship between constructive changes, artistic possibilities, repertoire potential (including the genre palette of the instrument) and composer work for the bassoon of this period. The presented article is a material used in the candidate’s dissertation, which is devoted to a wide range of issues of performance on the bassoon from the origins to the present. Methodology. The main research methods are historical, organological and performing. The historical method is associated with the characterization of the historical conditions of origin and development of the bassoon; the organological method is necessary to establish the connection between the constructive changes of the instrument with the new quality of its sound; the performing method helps to reveal new tendencies in bassoon performance of the 16–17 centuries from the new repertoire to the functional purpose of the instrument. Research results. Around the middle of the 17th century, fundamental changes occurred in the construction of the bassoon. They were caused by the need to regulate the overall tuning system of the instrument in such a way that it could participate in joint music-making with other instruments, as well as by the desire to make the instrument more portable. At the turn of the 16–17 centuries, in the process of bassoon chromatization as the result of complication of composer creativity, fundamental changes were made in the design of the instrument: new “chromatic” holes and valves, as well as fork fingering appeared. It was all connected with the formation of certain musical and aesthetic needs and developed along with them. So, the evolution of the bassoon 16–17 centuries led to such qualitative changes in the sound of the instrument as: softness of the tone, pitch control, expansion of the working range, great power of sound, ease of playing the instrument. The above-mentioned factors entailed fundamental changes in the composers’ attitude towards the instrument. The bassoon enters a more complex functional level in the works of various music genres (interlude to the comedy “La Pellegrina” by Girolamo Bargalia, “Sacrae symphoniae” by Giovanni Gabrieli, “Messa a 4 voci et Salmi” by C. Monteverdi, “Fantasy for basso continuo” by Bartolome deSelma-i-Salaverde, sonata “Lamonica” by PhilipFriedrich Bodekher, nine sonatas for solo bassoon and basso continuo by Giovanni Antonio Bertoli, sonata for two bassoons by Philipp Friedrich Buchner, opera “Il pomo d’oro” by Antonio Cesti, singspiel “Seelewig” by Sigmund Theophil Staden). The role of Antonio Vivaldi in the formation of the concerto, including concerto for bassoon, is difficult to overestimate, and thirty-nine Vivaldi’s concertos for bassoon are evidence of that. The creative work of Antonio Vivaldi affected Johann Sebastian Bach, who wrote bassoon parts in his works of different genres. George Philippe Telemann, Bach’s contemporary, is known for a large number of pieces with bassoon parts. Conclusions. Constructive changes resulted in the arrival of the bassoon to a new timbre, figurative-intonational, genre, and performance level. Meanwhile, there is a linear rather than reciprocal relationship between the above-mentioned levels. On the one hand, there is a direct dependence in the evolution of bassoon performance: new constructive features – technical capabilities of the instrument – more individual timbre character – new expressive possibilities – solo parts – solo pieces. On the other hand, all this creates new requirements both for the performer and for the instrument, which brings the situation back to the need for further search. The results of this research can be used in further studies devoted to the history and theory of bassoon performance in the historical, organological and genre-stylistic directions.
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Hivon, Myriam, Pascale Lehoux, Jean-Louis Denis, and Stéphanie Tailliez. "Use of health technology assessment in decision making: Coresponsibility of users and producers?" International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 21, no. 2 (April 2005): 268–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462305050361.
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Objectives: Health technology assessment (HTA) is a policy-oriented form of research designed to inform decision-makers on the introduction, use, and dissemination of health technology. Whereas research on knowledge transfer has focused on knowledge producers, little attention has been given to the user's perspective. This study examines how health-care provider, administrator, and patient associations across Canada use HTA reports and the limitations they encounter when accessing and using scientific knowledge.Methods: This study draws from semistructured interviews (n = 42) conducted with three types of user, located in British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Ontario, and Quebec. Applying well-established conceptual categories in knowledge utilization research, our qualitative analyses sought to define more precisely how HTA is used by interviewees as well as the most significant barriers they encounter.Results: The vast majority of users recognize the usefulness and credibility of HTA reports. Of interest, the way they use HTA takes different forms. Although administrators and health-care providers are in a better position than patient associations to act directly on HTA messages—making an instrumental use of HTA—we also found conceptual and symbolic uses across all groups. Our results also indicate that significant organizational, scientific, and material limitations hinder the use of scientific evidence. Overcoming such barriers requires a greater commitment from both HTA producers and users.Conclusions: This study argues that, to ensure better uptake of HTA, it should become a shared responsibility between HTA producers and various types of user.
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Dibley, Ben, and Michelle Kelly. "Morale and Mass Observation: Governing the Affective Atmosphere on the Home-Front." Museum and Society 13, no. 1 (January 1, 2015): 22–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.29311/mas.v13i1.315.
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This paper focuses on Mass Observation (MO)’s morale work, commissioned by the British Government over the period 1939–41. It examines the ways in which MO’s earlier collecting practices were recomposed through its research into civilian morale, and linked up with national centres of calculation, in particular the Ministry of Information (MoI). We explore the associations through which civilian morale was established, simultaneously, as an autonomous object of knowledge and as a particular field of intervention. As an object of knowledge, morale posited the existence of a dynamic affective ‘atmosphere’ associated with collective everyday life, which could be calibrated through various social scientific methods. As a particular field of intervention, technicians of morale postulated that this atmosphere might be regulated through various policy instruments. This paper traces the ways in which MO practices were implicated along these two axes in the emergence of civilian morale as a domain warranting the state’s ‘constant attention and supervision’.
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Watson, L., A. Reed, N. Jakharia-Shah, P. A. Brennan, D. Hammond, and J. Collier. "Publication of scientific research presented at scientific meetings of the British Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons: 10 years on – have we published or perished?" British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 56, no. 7 (September 2018): 611–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bjoms.2018.06.013.
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MISKELL, LOUISE. "Meeting places: the scientific congress and the host town in the south-west of England, 1836–1877." Urban History 39, no. 2 (March 29, 2012): 246–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963926812000041.
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ABSTRACT:This article presents a case-study of ‘parliaments of science’ and their impact on towns in the south-west of England in the second half of the nineteenth century. These were the week-long annual meetings of the British Association for the Advancement of Science and other national associations for different branches of knowledge which became a much publicized feature of the social and intellectual calendar of Victorian Britain. With particular reference to Exeter, it is argued that these events were used by towns and cities to assert their status and reputation and to compete with rival urban centres, and it is contended that they should be viewed, along with other cultural initiatives, as an important instrument in the shaping of urban and civic identity in mid-Victorian Britain. The study demonstrates the role of towns as scientific locations in the nineteenth century and suggests that they deserve attention in place-centred studies of Victorian science.
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Baird, Aisling, Olufunso Olarinde, and Martin Talbot. "Evaluation, using two assessment instruments, of the American and British national guidelines for the management of sexually transmissible and genital infections." Sexual Health 4, no. 4 (2007): 255. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh07048.
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Background: The objective of the present study was to compare, utilising two guideline assessment instruments, six corresponding clinical practice guidelines of the British Association for Sexual Health and HIV and the Centres for Disease Control. Methods: Three raters independently assessed the recently published guidelines for gonorrhoea, chlamydial infection, early syphilis, pelvic inflammatory disease, bacterial vaginosis and HIV testing using two instruments, the Cluzeau and the AGREE (Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation instrument). The Cluzeau scores were a simple percentage comparison; the AGREE scores were a standardised score for each guideline development domain. Differences were assessed using the Wilcoxson signed ranks test. Inter-rater variability was calculated on the Cluzeau instrument utilising the intragroup correlation method. Results: The British Association for Sexual Health and HIV guidelines scored higher than the Centres for Disease Control guidelines in many of the assessed domains. There were significant differences between the two in many of the scores (P = 0.026–0.028). Inter-rater concordance was high to very high at 0.70–0.83. Conclusions: There were often major differences in scores between the two guideline groups. It is necessary for wider discussion within the profession to consider the significance of these findings.
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Hollands, Clive. "Achieving the Achievable: A Review of Animals in Politics." Alternatives to Laboratory Animals 23, no. 1 (January 1995): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026119299502300107.
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The background to the passage through the British Parliament of the Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act 1986 is reviewed, with particular emphasis on the significance of Animal Welfare Year (1976/77) and the role of the Houghton/Platt Memorandum and the alliance formed by the British Veterinary Association, the Committee for the Reform of Animal Experimentation and the Fund for the Replacement of Animals in Medical Experiments. The importance of the new legislation is discussed, with particular reference to the restriction of pain, the reduction in the numbers of animals used, the development and use of humane alternative methods in research, and public accountability.
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Dressler, Danielle, and David Leswick. "Canadian Association of Radiologists Annual Scientific Meetings: How Many Abstracts Go on to Publication?" Canadian Association of Radiologists Journal 66, no. 2 (May 2015): 96–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carj.2014.05.005.
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Purpose To determine the percentage of abstracts presented at the Canadian Association of Radiologists (CAR) annual scientific meetings that go on to publication. Methods Records of previous CAR meetings from the years 2005-2011 were obtained. An Internet search was performed to determine which abstracts went on to publication. Abstracts were assessed according to exhibit category (Resident Award Papers), educational institution, publishing journal, and time to publication. Results Of the 402 abstracts presented, 112 (28%) were published. Overall, an average of 37% of Radiologists-In-Training Presentations, 34% of Scientific Exhibits, and 20% of Educational Exhibits went on to publication. The University of British Columbia and University of Ottawa published the largest number of abstracts (66 and 62, respectively) from the years 2005-2011. The University of Montreal had the largest percentage of abstracts published (42%). The range of publishing journals was wide, but the top publisher was the Canadian Association of Radiologists Journal (27%). Eighty-three percent of abstracts were published within 3 years of being presented. Conclusion In total, 28% of all the abstracts presented at the CAR conferences between 2005 and 2011 were published. Further exploration into the reasons and barriers for abstracts not being published may be a next step in future research.
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RATCLIFF, JESSICA. "Travancore's magnetic crusade: geomagnetism and the geography of scientific production in a princely state." British Journal for the History of Science 49, no. 3 (June 21, 2016): 325–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007087416000340.
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AbstractIn 1840 the raja of Travancore, Swathi Thirunal, would offer his government's assistance to the British Association for the Advancement of Science and its plan for a global system of magnetic observations. Over the next thirty years, the two directors of this princely state's observatory, John Caldecott and John Allan Broun, would pursue fundamental terrestrial magnetic research. Their efforts would culminate in the Trivandrum [Trevandrum] Magnetical Observations (1874). In what follows, the history of this publication is used to shed light on how and why a semi-autonomous princely state such as Travancore would engage the scientific community in Europe at this time. The article focuses in particular on the work of turning observation data into a published report and on how that labour would be distributed between the Indian subcontinent and Europe. Because the production of such reports required dozens of hands and decades of labour, its history can reveal much about the concrete working relationship between informal colony and imperial metropole within the British Empire. The Trivandrum Magnetic Observations were produced within a global economy of science in which Travancore sometimes had the upper hand. At the same time, data and scientific productions tended to accumulate in Europe (at least for a time), where ultimately the consumers of scientific products and the arbiters of ‘scientific value’ also largely remained. Within the sprawling economic, political and cultural infrastructures that linked geomagnetic research in Travancore and Europe, the relative strengths and weaknesses of each region would cut in different directions. The history of the production of the Trivandrum Observations brings to light this robustly interconnected geography of scientific production within the British Empire. It also reveals some of the processes by which ‘centres’ and ‘peripheries’ in the sciences were then becoming differentiated.
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Antoun, Ghadi, Jonathan Keow, Véronique D. Ram, Christina Thornton, Xin Wang, and Ju-Yoon Yoon. "Scientific overview: CSCI-CITAC Annual General Meeting and Young Investigator’s Forum 2013." Clinical & Investigative Medicine 37, no. 4 (August 1, 2014): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.25011/cim.v37i4.21723.
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The 2013 joint Canadian Society of Clinician Investigators (CSCI)–Clinical Investigator Trainee Association of Canada/Association des cliniciens-chercheurs en formation du Canada (CITAC/ACCFC) annual general meeting(AGM) was held in Ottawa, September 2013. The symposium focused on “Applications of the ‘omics’ to Clinical Practice”, with presentations from Drs. William T. Gibson (University of British Columbia), Julie Ho (University of Manitoba) and David Hwang (University of Toronto), discussing topics of genome, proteome and the microbiome, respectively. Other highlights from the 2013 AGM include presentations by Dr. Salim Yusuf (McMaster University, 2013 CSCI-RCPSC Henry Friesen Award winner), Dr. Gary Lewis (University of Toronto, 2013 CSCI Distinguished Scientist Award winner) and Dr. Michael Taylor (University of Toronto, 2013 Joe Doupe Award winner). The CSCI/CITAC/Friends of CIHR Joint Symposium consisted of presentations from Drs. John Bell (University of Ottawa), Dan Drucker (University of Toronto) and Heather J. Dean (University of Manitoba). Finally, the meeting ended with the presentation “The Power of an Idea to Bring Ideas to Power” by Dr. Harvey V. Fineberg (President, U.S. Institute of Medicine), the winner of the 2013 Henry Friesen International Prize. Also presented at the conference was research by clinician investigator (CI) trainees from across Canada; ie., those enrolled in MD/MSc, MD/PhD or Clinician Investigator Program(CIP) programs. Canadian trainees’ research extended beyond the pillar of biomedical research, covering the spectrum between basic and clinical research, with a focus on the causes of significant morbidity and mortality for Canadians, including cancers, infectious diseases and other maladies. It is this research that we have summarized in this review.
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MACDONALD, LEE T. "Making Kew Observatory: the Royal Society, the British Association and the politics of early Victorian science." British Journal for the History of Science 48, no. 3 (March 27, 2015): 409–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007087415000023.
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AbstractBuilt in 1769 as a private observatory for King George III, Kew Observatory was taken over in 1842 by the British Association for the Advancement of Science (BAAS). It was then quickly transformed into what some claimed to be a ‘physical observatory’ of the sort proposed by John Herschel – an observatory that gathered data in a wide range of physical sciences, including geomagnetism and meteorology, rather than just astronomy. Yet this article argues that the institution which emerged in the 1840s was different in many ways from that envisaged by Herschel. It uses a chronological framework to show how, at every stage, the geophysicist and Royal Artillery officer Edward Sabine manipulated the project towards his own agenda: an independent observatory through which he could control the geomagnetic and meteorological research, including the ongoing ‘Magnetic Crusade’. The political machinations surrounding Kew Observatory, within the Royal Society and the BAAS, may help to illuminate the complex politics of science in early Victorian Britain, particularly the role of ‘scientific servicemen’ such as Sabine. Both the diversity of activities at Kew and the complexity of the observatory's origins make its study important in the context of the growing field of the ‘observatory sciences’.
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Nkosi, Vusumuzi, and Kuku Voyi. "Reliability of an adult respiratory symptom questionnaire in a community located near a mine dump in South Africa: pilot study." Southern African Journal of Infectious Diseases 31, no. 3 (October 1, 2016): 103–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajid.v31i3.85.
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Background: Pretesting a questionnaire is an important activity before the start of the main epidemiological study.Aim: The study tested the reliability (internal consistency) of the modified ATS-DLD-78 adult respiratory diseases questionnaire developed by the British Medical Research Council.Results: The questionnaire was found to be reliable and admissible with an overall Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of α = 0.74.Conclusion: The questionnaire is a reliable instrument for data collection and can be a useful tool for collecting data in a developing country. The questionnaire will be used to study the association between respiratory and cardiovascular diseases among older people and community’s proximity to mine dumps
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CLARK, KATELYN. "‘OF THE TEMPERAMENT OF THOSE MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS’: CONSIDERING TIBERIUS CAVALLO AND THE SCIENTIFIC OBSERVATION OF MUSICAL SOUNDS IN LATE EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY LONDON." Eighteenth Century Music 15, no. 1 (March 2018): 47–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1478570617000392.
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The connection of music to scientific exploration in late Enlightenment London can be considered from various perspectives, perhaps most evidently through the binary of amateur–professional. These two realms intersected within natural philosophical observation, a practice that often served concurrently as entertainment and as study. The development of scientific instruments for the observation of various phenomena appeared in both professional and amateur contexts, contributing to technological growth and research. Natural philosopher Tiberius Cavallo (1749–1809) and his 1788 article on musical temperament (‘Of the Temperament of Those Musical Instruments, in Which the Tones, Keys, or Frets, are Fixed, as in the Harpsichord, Organ, Guitar, &c’) provide a captivating example of amateur interest overlapping effectively with the professional domain; as an amateur musician and professional scientist, Cavallo observed equal temperament in both mathematical and aesthetic terms. Consideration of his work promotes a more nuanced view of London as a place where scientific and musical ideas could meet and be ‘instrumentalized’, emphasizing the city's status as a vibrant arena for the interaction of scientific exploration, artistic endeavour and professional identities. In this sense, Cavallo's work on temperament was not merely a scientific activity; it reflected technological change during a stimulating period of scientific and musical progress in late eighteenth-century London. For example, instrument builders were actively developing ways to improve pitch control and tuning stability, as witnessed by numerous British patents for harp mechanisms, the addition of flute keys and keyboard construction.
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Warner, Mark. "Sir Sam Edwards. 1 February 1928 — 7 July 2015." Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 63 (January 2017): 243–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbm.2016.0028.
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Sam Edwards was one of the leading physicists of the second half of the twentieth century. He was Cavendish Professor at the University of Cambridge, a Vice President of the Royal Society, a member of the Académie des Sciences and of the US National Academy, and a senior figure in the university and his college. He played a major role in public life, most notably as chairman of the Science Research Council (SRC), responsible for research funding in the UK. He was chairman of the British Association, chief government scientist to the Department of Energy, and chairman of the Defence Scientific Advisory Council. He was equally in demand to lead or to help set up bodies abroad, particularly the Max Planck Institute for Polymers in Mainz, Germany. Remarkably, Sam made some of his most celebrated scientific discoveries, for instance the theory of spin glasses and the rheology of high polymer melts, while serving as the full-time head of the SRC. Conversely, his scientific insights informed his leadership in advising the government. His later science was in highly applicable areas: he was an active advisor to Unilever, Dow, Lucas and many other companies that rely on research.
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Один, В. И. "PROFESSOR V.G. KORENCHEVSKY - SCIENTIST, PATRIOT, PASSIONARY." Успехи геронтологии, no. 2 (May 28, 2021): 180–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.34922/ae.2021.34.2.001.
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Статья посвящена жизни и деятельности российскобританского ученого профессора Императорской военно-медицинской академии и заведующего геронтологической лабораторией Оксфордского университета Владимира Георгиевича Коренчевского. К числу научных достижений В.Г. Коренчевского относятся теория эндокринного старения и концепция геропротективной гормонозаместительной терапии. В.Г. Коренчевский был вдохновитель и организатор съездов и обществ русских академических организаций заграницей, а также вдохновитель и организатор Британского общества исследований старения и Международной ассоциации геронтологии и гериатрии. The article is devoted to the life and work of the Russian-British scientist, Professor of the Imperial Military Medical Academy in Saint-Peterburg and Head of the Oxford Gerontological Research Unit, Vladimir Georgievich Korenchevsky. Among the scientific achievements of V.G. Korenchevsky are the theory of endocrine aging and the concept of geroprotective hormone replacement therapy. V.G. Korenchevsky was the inspirator and organizer of congresses and societies of Russian academic organizations abroad, as well as the inspirator and organizer of the British Society for Research on Ageing and the International Association of Gerontology and Geriatrics.
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Donlon, C., I. S. Robinson, W. Wimmer, G. Fisher, M. Reynolds, R. Edwards, and T. J. Nightingale. "An Infrared Sea Surface Temperature Autonomous Radiometer (ISAR) for Deployment aboard Volunteer Observing Ships (VOS)." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 25, no. 1 (January 1, 2008): 93–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2007jtecho505.1.
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Abstract The infrared SST autonomous radiometer (ISAR) is a self-calibrating instrument capable of measuring in situ sea surface skin temperature (SSTskin) to an accuracy of 0.1 K. Extensive field deployments alongside two independent research radiometers measuring SSTskin using different spectral and geometric configurations show that, relatively, ISAR SSTskin has a zero bias ±0.14 K rms. The ISAR instrument has been developed for satellite SST validation and other scientific programs. The ISAR can be deployed continuously on voluntary observing ships (VOS) without any service requirement or operator intervention for periods of up to 3 months. Five ISAR instruments have been built and are in sustained use in the United States, China, and Europe. This paper describes the ISAR instrument including the special design features that enabled a single channel radiometer with a spectral bandpass of 9.6–11.5 μm to be adapted for autonomous use. The entire instrument infrared optical path is calibrated by viewing two blackbody reference cavities at different temperatures to maintain high accuracy while tolerating moderate contamination of optical components by salt deposition. During bad weather, an innovative storm shutter, triggered by a sensitive optical rain gauge, automatically seals the instrument from the external environment. Data are presented that verify the instrument calibration and functionality in such situations. A watchdog timer and auto-reboot function support automatic data logging recovery in case of power outages typically encountered on ships. An RS485 external port allows supporting instruments that are not part of the core ISAR package (e.g., a solarimeter) to be logged using the ISAR system. All data are processed by the ISAR instrument and are relayed to a host computer via the RS232 serial link as (National Electronics Manufacturers Association) NEMA-style strings allowing easy integration into many commercial onboard scientific data logging systems. In case of a communications failure, data are stored on board using a CompactFlash card that can be retrieved when the instrument is serviced. The success of the design is demonstrated using results obtained over 21 months in the English Channel and Bay of Biscay as part of a campaign to validate SSTskin observations derived from the Environmental Satellite (Envisat) Advanced Along-Track Scanning Radiometer (AATSR).
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Perry, Hugh, Andrew Lumsden, Roger Keynes, Nigel Holder, and Dennis Bray. "Preface." Development 113, Supplement_2 (April 1, 1991): NP. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.113.supplement_2.np.
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In recent years, the British Society for Cell Biology (BSCB) and the British Society for Developmental Biology (BSDB), have held their Annual Meetings conjointly, an arrangement that has brought many benefits in terms of increased numbers of participants and shared interests. Topics each year have been selected independently by the two societies and have not in general been coordinated, although there is enough common ground to make most talks accessible to all. In the 1991 Annual Meeting, however, the societies moved a step closer by choosing the same topic for the two main symposia - the proceedings of which are customarily published as Supplements to Development and The Journal of Cell Science. In conjunction with a third scientific society - the Brain Research Association (BRA) - it was decided to focus on the development of the nervous system, with special emphasis on its cellular basis.
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Rakic, Vesna, Bosiljka Djikanovic, Djordje Alempijevic, Radoje Simic, Slobodan Bogdanovic, Zlata Janjic, and Vulovic Dejan. "Development of a scale for evaluating the severity of disfigurements caused by injuries disease or surgery." Vojnosanitetski pregled 75, no. 4 (2018): 381–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vsp160619287r.
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Background/Aim. Medico-legal aspect of physical disfigurements has been subject of few scientific researches. The aim of this study was to establish a standardized instrument for forensic evaluation of all kinds of physical disfigurements, which has not existed until now. Methods. The research was conducted in 3 phases: the first one ? drafting a list of disfigurements; the second phase ? evaluation of the draft of the disfigurement list provided by 11 experts (plastic surgery lecturers) by the use of the Delphy method; the third one during which 51 medical doctors, members of Serbian Association of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery were evaluating the list of disfigurements. Results. Totally 176 individual physical disfigurements were described in the first phase of research. In the second phase, 217 disfigurements were established which were classified into 5 degrees of severity 0 ? none/very small, 1 ? small, 2 ? medium, 3 ? large, 4 ? very large disfigurements. In the third phase, 217 disfigurements were evaluated. Conclusion. The first 4-point ordinal scale was established, rating 217 disfigurements, which showed high level of compatibility in practice and which can be used as an instrument for standardization of disfigurements in giving of forensic expertise.
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Kölbl-Ebert, Martina. "Barbara Marchioness of Hastings (1810-1858)—Fossil Collector and ‘Lady-Geologist’." Earth Sciences History 23, no. 1 (January 1, 2004): 75–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/eshi.23.1.035177u7761p4300.
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During the first half of the nineteenth century a large group of non-professional scientists still existed in British geology. For these ‘gentleman-geologists' geology was more or less a private interest. Female counterparts or ‘lady-geologists'—following an independent research program, publishing their results, and presenting them to the contemporary scientific community—were quite rare. One of these remarkable exceptions was Barbara Marchioness of Hastings (1810-1858). She was married and a mother of seven children. She was a keen collector of fossils and sold a large collection of several thousand vertebrate fossils to the British Museum in 1855. Beginning in 1845, she undertook detailed stratigraphical fieldwork in the Eocene strata at Hordle and Beacon Cliff near Milford (Hampshire), where she produced a coloured, scale-drawn section of the strata. Between 1848 and 1853, she published three papers summarising this work. Hastings considered herself a serious geological worker and her contributions were of high quality. Her high social position ensured a reasonable reception among her male colleagues, allowing her to present a short paper at the meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science in Oxford in 1847. Nevertheless her opus is rather small compared to male contemporary geologists. Being female, she had no liberal access to the geological ‘scientific community'. Additionally, family commitments held her in Hampshire, confining her work to this restricted area.
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Mullins, Leonard. "Engineering with Rubber." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 59, no. 3 (July 1, 1986): 69–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3538214.
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Abstract First I must thank you Mr. Chairman for your most generous introduction. I understand that there will be another opportunity later today to thank the Executive Committee of the Rubber Division of the American Chemical Society for nominating me as the Charles Goodyear Medalist for 1986, for the pleasure of being here today, and for the privilege of addressing you. But I would wish to say, at this stage, how deeply honored I am to receive this most distinguished award. It is a tradition that this address should reflect the author's special interests and his own contribution to rubber science and technology, and they have tended to be autobiographical in nature. However the title which I have chosen, “Engineering with Rubber,” covers a broad field of activity, but in the relatively short time at my disposal I will perforce have to restrict myself to those areas in which I have been personally involved. Like so many recent Charles Goodyear Medalists it was my good fortune to be active during the period of almost explosive growth of polymer science and technology which occurred during the 1940's and 1950's and which provided a proper scientific basis for the polymer industries created during this period. The rubber industry is, of course, much older, but hitherto it had relied upon an essentially empirical approach to provide practical answers to most of its problems. It was also my good fortune to work with and alongside many outstanding individuals both at the Research Association of British Rubber Manufacturers (now the Rubber and Plastics Research Association) and at the Malaysian Rubber Producers' Research Association (formerly the British Rubber Producers' Research Association). To these I owe much and I would wish to share this recognition with my colleagues.
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Sulthon, Agus Sulthoni Imami, Masykuri Bakri, and Hambali Hambali. "Implementasi Nilai-Nilai Pendidikan Agama Islam Multikultural Melalui Edu-Ekowisata." Muróbbî: Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan 5, no. 1 (March 5, 2021): 103–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.52431/murobbi.v5i1.378.
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Multicultural Islamic Education Paradigm is an Islamic teaching that emphasizes tolerance, harmony, moderation, and open dialogue in diversity. The reality of the pluralistic Indonesian nation requires a paradigm that can knit diversity. Multicultural Islamic Education is one means that can understand a diverse society about the importance of mutual understanding and cooperation in managing the sustainability of the coastal environment. In essence, beach tourism is also an instrument for scientific activities, beach tourism has an active role as an educational instrument and a playing media. This study aims to find the implementation of the values ??of Multicultural Islamic Religious Education through edu-ecotourism to support religious education, mediation of horizontal social conflicts. The implementation of these values ??is a strategy for developing the community Paku Lima in Mandaran Hamlet, Pesisir Village, Besuki District, Situbondo Regency. The type of research used is qualitative research with a qualitative approach that is applied using in-depth interviews and group depth interviews. Determination of informants was done by purposive sampling, the number of respondents was 20 people from the association committee and 10 people from the surrounding community. Data were analyzed and analyzed using an interactive model using the theory of Miles, Huberman, and Saldana, namely: (1) data condensation, (2) presentation of data, and (3) drawing conclusions. Based on the results and data analysis, it was concluded that the implementation of PAIM values ??through edu-ecotourism was effectively applied through the community association, especially considering the complexity of problems arising from ethnic diversity and interests between groups. The strategy of developing the association by combining PAIM-oriented education with edu-ecotourism makes the association a vehicle for harmony and also as a mediator in resolving the problem of horizontal conflicts between ethnic communities
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Collier, Thomas, Michelle Roadley-Battin, Chloe Darlow, Philip Chant, Caroline B. Hing, and Toby O. Smith. "Analysis of conference abstract-to-publication rate in UK orthopaedic research." BMJ Evidence-Based Medicine 23, no. 1 (January 24, 2018): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ebmed-2017-110831.
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Presentation of research at orthopaedic conferences is an important component for surgical evidence-based practice. However, there remains uncertainty as to how many conference abstracts proceed to achieve full-text publication (FTP) for wider dissemination. This study aimed to determine the abstract-to-publication rate (APR) of research presented in the largest hip and knee orthopaedic meetings in the UK, and to identify predictive factors which influence the APR. All published abstracts (n=744) from the 2006, 2008, 2009 and 2010 British Hip Society (BHS) and the 2007, 2009, 2010 and 2011 British Association for Surgery of the Knee (BASK) annual conference meetings were examined by four researchers independently. To determine whether abstracts had been published in full-text form, Google Scholar, Medline and EMBASE evidence databases were used to verify FTP status. Variables including sample size, statistical significance, grade of the first author, research affiliated institution and research design were extracted and analysed to identify whether these were associated with FTP. 176 out of 744 abstracts achieved FTP status (APR: 23.7%). Factors associated with FTP status included statistically significant results (P<0.01) and research design (P=0.02). Factors not associated included sample size, grade of the first author and research affiliated institution (P>0.05). APRs of the assessed BHS and BASK annual conference presentations are low in comparison to other scientific meetings. Encouragement should be provided to clinicians and academics to submit their work for publication to address this short fall, thereby enhancing the potential for full-text research publications to inform evidence-based orthopaedics.
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Slater, Stephanie J. "The Development And Validation Of The Test Of Astronomy STandards (TOAST)." Journal of Astronomy & Earth Sciences Education (JAESE) 1, no. 1 (January 19, 2015): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jaese.v1i1.9102.
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<p>The Test Of Astronomy STandards (TOAST) is a comprehensive assessment instrument designed to measure students general astronomy content knowledge. Built upon the research embedded within a generation of astronomy assessments designed to measure single concepts, the TOAST is appropriate to measure across an entire astronomy course. The TOASTs scientific content represents a consensus of expert opinion about what students should know from three different groups: the American Association for the Advancement of Science, the National Research Council, and the American Astronomical Society. The TOASTs reliability and validity are established by results from Cronbach alpha and classical test theory analyses, a review for construct validity, testing for sensitivity to instruction, and numerous rounds of expert review. As such the TOAST can be considered a valuable tool for classroom instructors and discipline based education researchers in astronomy across a variety of learning environments.</p>
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Navarro Puerto, Ma Asunción, Iñaki Gutiérrez Ibarluzea, Oscar Guzmán Ruiz, Francisco Moniche Alvarez, Rocío Gómez Herreros, Ruth Engelhardt Pintiado, Antonio Reyes Dominguez, and Ignacio Marín León. "Analysis of the quality of clinical practice guidelines on established ischemic stroke." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 24, no. 03 (July 2008): 333–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462308080446.
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Objectives:To catalogue and comparatively assess the quality of Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPG) for ischemic stroke taking into account format and development methodology.Methods:We performed a comprehensive, systematic bibliographic search of CPGs addressing the management of ischemic stroke. We designed a sensitive strategy, using methodological filters in the following databases: Medline, IME and Lilacs, National Guidelines Clearinghouse, National electronic Library for Health, NICE, Guidelines International Network (GIN), Canadian Medical Association Infobase, development groups such as Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN), New Zealand Guidelines Group (NZGG), Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), Ministry of Health Singapore, Institute for Clinical Systems Improvement (ICSI); and scientific societies: American Heart Association, American Medical Association, Royal College of Physicians London. We included all CPGs published in English, French, Italian, Portuguese, or Spanish from 1999 to 2005 and excluded those CPGs whose scope was primary prevention and rehabilitation from ischemic stroke. Four researchers independently assessed the structure and methodologies followed in drafting the CPGs using the Changing Professional Practice (CPP) and Appraisal of Guidelines Research & Evaluation (AGREE) instruments.Results:We retrieved 117 documents; following application of exclusion criteria, twenty-seven CPGs were appraised. With regard to methodological quality (using the AGREE instrument), the domains that scored highest were “Scope and purpose” and “Clarity and presentation.” The lowest scoring domains were “Stakeholder involvement,” “Rigor of development,” and “Applicability.” Most guidelines received an overall score of “would not recommend” (77.8 percent). Finally, based on the CPP instrument, most of the CPGs evaluated were aimed at secondary care and did not provide updating procedures.Conclusions:The overall quality of the CPGs published for ischemic stroke management did not have minimum methodological quality. Quality improvement has been observed in more recent CPGs and may be due to the publication of new tools such as the AGREE or CPP instruments, as well as international initiatives for CPG improvement.
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Capelari, Tânia Valdameri, Jéssica Saccol Borin, Melissa Grigol, Raquel Saccani, Franciele Zardo, and Fernanda Cechetti. "EVALUATION OF MUSCLE STRENGTH IN MEDULLAR INJURY: A LITERATURE REVIEW." Coluna/Columna 16, no. 4 (December 2017): 323–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1808-185120171604179802.
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ABSTRACT Objective: To identify the tools used to evaluate muscle strength in subjects with spinal cord injury in both clinical practice and scientific research. Methods: Initially, the literature review was carried out to identify the tools used in scientific research. The search was conducted in the following databases: Virtual Health Library (VHL), Pedro, and PubMed. Studies published between 1990 and 2016 were considered and selected, depicting an evaluation of muscle strength as an endpoint or for characterization of the sample. Next, a survey was carried out with physiotherapists to identify the instruments used for evaluation in clinical practice, and the degree of satisfaction of professionals with respect to them. Results: 495 studies were found; 93 were included for qualitative evaluation. In the studies, we verified the use of manual muscle test with different graduation systems, isokinetic dynamometer, hand-held dynamometer, and manual dynamometer. In clinical practice, the manual muscle test using the motor score recommended by the American Spinal Cord Injury Association was the most used method, despite the limitations highlighted by the physiotherapists interviewed. Conclusion: In scientific research, there is great variation in the methods and tools used to evaluate muscle strength in individuals with spinal cord injury, differently from clinical practice. The tools available and currently used have important limitations, which were highlighted by the professionals interviewed. No instrument depicts direct relationship of muscle strength and functionality of the subject. There is no consensus as to the best method for assessing muscle strength in spinal cord injury, and new instruments are needed that are specific for use in this population.
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Moon, A., and C. Harding. "Publication rate of abstracts presented at the British Association of Urological Surgeons Annual Meeting – 10 years on." Journal of Clinical Urology 10, no. 1 (September 20, 2016): 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2051415816668945.
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Introduction: Acceptance of abstracts at the BAUS Annual Meeting is sought after by trainees and encouraged by trainers; however, it is the publication of this research in a peer-reviewed journal that validates the significance of the work. We aimed to compare current publication rates with those detailed in a previous study 10 years ago to examine for changes on the rate and time to peer-reviewed publications of abstracts presented. We also assessed whether there was a difference in the presentation and publication rates between UK deaneries. Methods: All abstracts accepted for presentation at the annual BAUS 2012 and 2013 meetings were identified from the published supplements in the BJU International journal. Listed abstracts were searched for in October 2015 using the Medline Plus (PubMed) database to assess for successful conversion to a peer-reviewed paper listed on the Medline database. Results: In total 281 abstracts were presented; of these, 265 (94.3%) were from the UK. A total of 24.2% of the abstracts presented over the two-year period resulted in a successful conversion to a peer-reviewed publication. Mean time to publication was 11.59 months and mean impact factor of the publishing journal was 3.854. There appeared to be no correlation between the number of abstracts presented per deanery and the subsequent successful conversion to peer-reviewed publication. Conclusions: There has been a decline over the past decade in the number of BAUS abstracts being successfully converted into peer-reviewed publications, from 42% to 24.2%. The quality of any scientific meeting can be quantified by the number of peer-reviewed publications arising from its abstracts. Possible reasons for this observed reduction include a lack of time to prepare manuscripts, the actual quality and relevance of work being presented and data that may be of questionable validity. In addition, indicative numbers set for publications to enable successful awarding of Certificate of Completion of Training are low.
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Przybylski, Andrew K., and Netta Weinstein. "Investigating the Motivational and Psychosocial Dynamics of Dysregulated Gaming: Evidence From a Preregistered Cohort Study." Clinical Psychological Science 7, no. 6 (August 22, 2019): 1257–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2167702619859341.
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The American Psychiatric Association (APA) and World Health Organization (WHO) have called for research investigating the clinical relevance of dysregulated video-game play. A growing number of exploratory studies have applied self-determination theory to probe the psychological dynamics of problematic gaming, but little is known about these dynamics in adolescents—the targets of most concerns—or the extent to which dysregulated gaming, in turn, affects functioning. In our study of British adolescents and their caregivers ( n = 2,008), we adopted a confirmatory lens to test the extent to which basic psychological need satisfactions and frustrations underlie dysfunctional gaming behavior. The results, in line with preregistered sampling and data-analysis plans, indicated the frustrations, but not the absence of satisfactions, of psychological needs predicted adolescents’ dysregulated gaming and psychosocial functioning. Our discussion focuses on the clinical significance of gaming dysregulation and the advantages of transparent scientific practices for research informed by, and meant to inform, APA and WHO guidance.
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Janus, Magdalena, Caroline Reid-Westoby, Noam Raiter, Barry Forer, and Martin Guhn. "Population-Level Data on Child Development at School Entry Reflecting Social Determinants of Health: A Narrative Review of Studies Using the Early Development Instrument." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 7 (March 25, 2021): 3397. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18073397.
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Background: The Early Development Instrument (EDI) was developed as a population-level assessment of children’s developmental health at school entry. EDI data collection has created unprecedented opportunities for population-level studies on children’s developmental outcomes. The goal of this narrative review was to synthesize research using the EDI to describe how it contributes to expanding the understanding of the impacts of social determinants on child development and how it applies to special populations. Methods: Select studies published in peer-reviewed scientific journals between 2015 and 2020 and incorporating the social determinants of health perspectives were chosen to highlight the capability of the EDI to monitor children’s developmental health and contribute knowledge in the area of early childhood development. Results: A number of studies have examined the association between several social determinants of health and children’s developmental outcomes, including hard-to-reach and low-frequency populations of children. The EDI has also been used to evaluate programs and interventions in different countries. Conclusions: The ability of the EDI to monitor children’s developmental outcomes in various populations has been consistently demonstrated. The EDI, by virtue of its comprehensive breadth and census-like collection, widens the scope of research relating to early childhood development and its social determinants of health.
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Prior, Helen, Richard Haworth, Briony Labram, Ruth Roberts, Alison Wolfreys, and Fiona Sewell. "Justification for species selection for pharmaceutical toxicity studies." Toxicology Research 9, no. 6 (November 24, 2020): 758–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/toxres/tfaa081.
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Abstract Toxicity studies using mammalian species are generally required to provide safety data to support clinical development and licencing registration for potential new pharmaceuticals. International regulatory guidelines outline recommendations for the order (rodent and/or non-rodent) and number of species, retaining flexibility for development of a diverse range of drug modalities in a manner relevant for each specific new medicine. Selection of the appropriate toxicology species involves consideration of scientific, ethical and practical factors, with individual companies likely having different perspectives and preferences regarding weighting of various aspects dependent upon molecule characteristics and previous experience of specific targets or molecule classes. This article summarizes presentations from a symposium at the 2019 Annual Congress of the British Toxicology Society on the topic of species selection for pharmaceutical toxicity studies. This symposium included an overview of results from a National Centre for the Replacement, Refinement and Reduction of Animals in Research (NC3Rs) and Association of British Pharmaceutical Industry (ABPI) international collaboration that reviewed the use of one or two species in regulatory toxicology studies and justification for the species selected within each programme. Perspectives from two pharmaceutical companies described their processes for species selection for evaluation of biologics, and justification for selection of the minipig as a toxicological species for small molecules. This article summarizes discussions on the scientific justification and other considerations taken into account to ensure the most appropriate animal species are used for toxicity studies to meet regulatory requirements and to provide the most value for informing project decisions.
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Merriam, Daniel. "Richard Arthur Reyment: Father of the International Association for Mathematical Geology." Earth Sciences History 23, no. 2 (January 1, 2004): 365–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/eshi.23.2.c1520248m6452730.
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Richard Arthur Reyment was born of parents of English, Swedish, and Spanish descent in Coburg, Victoria, Australia on 4 December 1926. After obtaining his bachelor degree from Melbourne University in 1948 he spent several years with the British Colonial Service in Nigeria. While there he obtained his masters degree from Melbourne and a doctorate from the University of Stockholm (Sweden). His work in Nigeria led to the appointment as professor at the University of Ibadan. He returned to Sweden in 1965 with an appointment from the Swedish Natural Science Research Council. In 1967 he was awarded his DSc from Melbourne University and was appointed to the Chair of Historical Geology and Paleontology at the University of Uppsala (Sweden), where he remained until his retirement in 1991. His early studies on random events, multivariate morphometrics, and statistical analysis in geology and biology naturally led him into the quantitative aspects of his chosen profession, and whetted his desire to share these experiences with others with similar interests. This, he decided, could best be accomplished through an organization to promote quantitative methods and approaches, which led to his concept of the International Association for Mathematical Geology (IAMG). His efforts and enthusiasm resulted in the founding of the Association at the ill-fated International Geological Congress (IGC) in Prague in 1968. Reyment was elected the first IAMG secretary general and later the second president. The IAMG is affiliated with both the IGC and the International Statistical Institute (ISI). In recognition of his scientific accomplishments he was awarded IAMG's highest award, the William Christian Krumbein Medal, in 1979 and a special Certificate of Merit in 2002. Reyment's pioneering efforts have influenced a generation of geologists and paleontologists.
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Maltsev, K. G., and A. L. Alaverdyan. "REPRESENTATION OF NATIONALISM: STRUCTURE, CONTENT, CRITICISM." Intelligence. Innovations. Investment, no. 3 (2021): 100–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.25198/2077-7175-2021-3-100.
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Nationalism determines modernity — L. Grinfeld’s thesis at the very beginning of the 90s of the twentieth century (repeating the judgment of E. Keduri in the early 60s), unexpectedly for liberal social science, immediately acquired political relevance. The purpose of the article is to identify the reasons for this «surprise»: the representation of the nation in the economic paradigm of the political (D. Agamben’s term) as a civic association of freely self-determining autonomous individuals-citizens excludes the possibility of national conflicts, the reality of which is obvious. Objective scientific research within the disciplinary structure of modern science has as a given object of research in the representation: thus, a philosophical interpretation becomes necessary as a method of criticizing the representation of the nation and the national in the economic paradigm. It has been established that the representation of a nation is normatively and value-wise conditioned by the foundations of «liberal metaphysics»; it is necessary to distinguish between «civil» and «ethnic» nationalisms, which does not have «empirical foundations» (R. Brubaker); attribution to value as a way of constructing an ideal-typical concept of nationalism presupposes the need for an assessment conditioned by the way nationalism is presented; the moral and political disqualification of «ethnic nationalism» as an invalid «remnant» (V. Pareto) is thus «built in» into scientific research, which is at the same time an ideological instrument and a political program. The philosophical interpretation of the meaning of the representation of nationalism in liberal social science, external in relation to the dominant paradigm of the political, provides scientific novelty and leads to the conclusion: a «civil nation» is valid as a political project that presupposes a «historiographic recalculation of the past» (M. Heidegger), retrospectively placing the beginning of nationalism in past. In the course of the presentation, the practical significance of the conclusion is clarified: the theory of the «civilized nation» presupposes drawing a border between «civilized» and — «cultural» and «natural» nationalisms as political enemies that must be removed: drawing the line between «civil» and «ethnic» nationalisms has both scientific and political significance; These circumstances contribute to the understanding of the meaning and the assigned goal of the nation-building process and the practice of national politics.
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Greenwood, H. J., and John G. Fyles. "W. H. Mathews Symposium: A celebration." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 23, no. 6 (June 1, 1986): 857–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e86-087.
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On June 30, 1984, Bill Mathews retired from full-time teaching in the Department of Geological Sciences at the University of British Columbia (UBC). On October 10, 1984, a large group of his friends and admirers met in a symposium to honour his immense contributions to science and to students of the Earth, but more importantly, to celebrate his continuing intense scientific activity. His personal and scientific vigour continues unabated, and "retirement" only means the opportunity to concentrate on his research, full-time.Bill Mathews is a phenomenon. It is not easy to keep up with the list of his publications, let alone to emulate his productivity. Since his first scientific publication in 1942, he has written 125 papers, which translates into three papers every year for 42 years! Now that he can devote himself entirely to this work, we can only suppose that this productivity will increase.W. H. Mathews received the B.A.Sc. degree in Geological Engineering from UBC in 1940 and the M.A.Sc. from UBC in 1941 and spent the war years in strategic minerals research with the B.C. Department of Mines, following which he continued his studies, receiving the Ph.D. from University of California, Berkeley, in 1948. In 1951 he joined the faculty at UBC, and he served as Head of the Department of Geology from 1964 to 1971. Dr. Mathews has been honoured by scientific societies and is a Professional Engineer, Fellow of the Geological Society of America, a member of the American Association of Petroleum Geologists and of the Geological Association of Canada, and a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada.Perhaps the most striking feature of the symposium to honour Bill Mathews was the recognition of the breadth of his contributions. He calls himself a geomorphologist and Quaternary geologist, but the titles of his papers tell a different story. They tell of a man interested in everything at a fundamental and penetrating level, who has made important contributions to glaciology, volcanology, Tertiary tectonics, coal geology, mineral deposits, structural geology, geochronology, sedimentology, stratigraphy, engineering geology, and marine geology. It is very rare to find such a person, who can carry on a high-level scientific conversation with any specialist in the subdisciplines of the Earth sciences. Most of us are content to struggle with some mastery of a single subdiscipline, but Bill's curiosity reaches into every corner. This catholicity of interest has been a wonderful stimulus for his graduate students, undergraduate students, and colleagues.The four papers that follow this introduction were presented at the symposium and are kept together in this issue of the Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences as a tribute to Bill Mathews and in recognition of the astonishing range of his interests and contributions. We are pleased to celebrate in this way his return to full-time research after a career of combining his research with the full-time work of a distinguished professor.As is always the case, many of Bill's scientific friends could not produce a manuscript and symposium lecture in time to appear in this issue. Without exception, however, they join us in our applause of Bill Mathews' distinguished and continuing scientific career.
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Rutter, Matthew D., James East, Colin J. Rees, Neil Cripps, James Docherty, Sunil Dolwani, Philip V. Kaye, et al. "British Society of Gastroenterology/Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland/Public Health England post-polypectomy and post-colorectal cancer resection surveillance guidelines." Gut 69, no. 2 (November 27, 2019): 201–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2019-319858.
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These consensus guidelines were jointly commissioned by the British Society of Gastroenterology (BSG), the Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland (ACPGBI) and Public Health England (PHE). They provide an evidence-based framework for the use of surveillance colonoscopy and non-colonoscopic colorectal imaging in people aged 18 years and over. They are the first guidelines that take into account the introduction of national bowel cancer screening. For the first time, they also incorporate surveillance of patients following resection of either adenomatous or serrated polyps and also post-colorectal cancer resection. They are primarily aimed at healthcare professionals, and aim to address:Which patients should commence surveillance post-polypectomy and post-cancer resection?What is the appropriate surveillance interval?When can surveillance be stopped?two or more premalignant polyps including at least one advanced colorectal polyp (defined as a serrated polyp of at least 10 mm in size or containing any grade of dysplasia, or an adenoma of at least 10 mm in size or containing high-grade dysplasia); orfive or more premalignant polypsThe Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE II) instrument provided a methodological framework for the guidelines. The BSG’s guideline development process was used, which is National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) compliant.two or more premalignant polyps including at least one advanced colorectal polyp (defined as a serrated polyp of at least 10 mm in size or containing any grade of dysplasia, or an adenoma of at least 10 mm in size or containing high-grade dysplasia); orfive or more premalignant polypsThe key recommendations are that the high-risk criteria for future colorectal cancer (CRC) following polypectomy comprise either:two or more premalignant polyps including at least one advanced colorectal polyp (defined as a serrated polyp of at least 10 mm in size or containing any grade of dysplasia, or an adenoma of at least 10 mm in size or containing high-grade dysplasia); orfive or more premalignant polypsThis cohort should undergo a one-off surveillance colonoscopy at 3 years. Post-CRC resection patients should undergo a 1 year clearance colonoscopy, then a surveillance colonoscopy after 3 more years.
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Khatri, Raj. "The Efficacy of Academic Reading Strategy Instruction among Adult English as an Additional Language Students: A Professional Development Opportunity Through Action Research." TESL Canada Journal 35, no. 2 (December 31, 2018): 78–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.18806/tesl.v35i2.1291.
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This action research project empirically evaluated the efficacy of reading strategy instruction to help advance adult English as an additional language (EAL) students’ development of academic reading skills and strategy use. The study involved 16 adult participants attending English for Academic Purposes (EAP) programs in British Columbia. These participants received reading strategy instruction over nine sessions during a 6-week period. To capture participants’ reading strategy use, Mokhtari and Sheorey’s Survey of Reading Strategies instrument was used in the pre- and post-intervention stages. Similarly, to measure participants’ reading comprehension abilities, an identical, standardized reading comprehension test was administered in the pre- and post- intervention stages. Participants’ weekly post-task verbal reflections and post-intervention interviews provided qualitative data for the study. Findings showed that reported reading strategy use obtained from the instrument and reading performance increased significantly after the intervention. The results from the analysis of participants’ reflections and interviews revealed a positive association between participants’ strategy use and reading performance. Conducted as a part of professional development, this study aims to resolve EAP professionals’ practical concerns about the use of reading strategies in academic reading as well as provide action researchers with suggestions for future implementation.
Ce projet de recherche-action a permis d’effectuer une évaluation empirique de l’efficacité de l’enseignement de stratégies de lecture afin de faire avancer le développement des compétences académiques de lecture et du recours aux stratégies de lecture chez les étudiants adultes inscrits à un cours d’anglais comme langue additionnelle. Ont participé à l’étude 16 adultes inscrits à des programmes d’anglais académique en Colombie-Britannique. Ces participants ont pris part à neuf séances d’enseignement de stratégies de lecture sur une période de 6 semaines. L’instrument de mesure Reading Strategies de Mokhtari et Sheorey a été utilisé pour évaluer le recours des participants aux stratégies de lecture avant et après la période d’intervention. Un test identique et standardisé de compréhension de la lecture a également été administré avant et après la période d’intervention afin d’évaluer les capacités de compréhension des participants. Les réflexions verbales offertes par les participants après les exercices et les entrevues réalisées après l’intervention ont produit des données qualitatives pour l’étude. Celle-ci a permis de constater un accroissement significatif du recours aux stratégies de lecture fournies par l’instrument et de la performance de lecture suite à l’intervention. Les résultats de l’analyse des réflexions et des entrevues des participants ont permis de constater une association positive entre l’utilisation de stratégies de lecture et la performance de lecture des participants. Menée dans le cadre du perfectionnement professionnel, cette étude vise à répondre aux inquiétudes pratiques des professionnels de l’enseignement de l’anglais académique relativement au recours aux stratégies de lecture tout en fournissant aux praticiens et praticiennes de la recherche-action des suggestions à mettre en œuvre dans le futur.
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Alvarado, Carlos S. "Essay Review: On the Borderland of Physics and Psychic Phenomena." Journal of Scientific Exploration 35, no. 3 (September 26, 2021): 646–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.31275/20211877.
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In an address presented on August 20, 1891 at the Sixty-First Meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science the President of the Association’s Section of Mathematics and Physical Science discussed various scientific developments. The speaker started with brief mentions of Michael Faraday’s centenary, and the death of Wilhelm Weber, and then went on to detailed discussions of a binary system of stars, the discovery of ways to achieve color photography, and the importance of professional systematic physics research leaving behind amateur efforts. Then he changed directions and said he was going to discuss a “topic which is as yet beyond the pale of scientific orthodoxy” (p. 551). The topic, the study of psychic phenomena, was called by the speaker the “borderland of physics and psychology,” an area “bounded on the north by psychology, on the south by physics, on the east by physiology, and on the west by pathology and medicine” (p. 553). “I have spoken,” our speaker continued, “of the apparently direct action of mind on mind, and of a possible action of mind on matter. But the whole region is unexplored territory . . . I care not what the end may be. I do care that inquiry shall be conducted by us” (p. 555, my italics). The speaker was English physicist Oliver J. Lodge (1892; see Figure 1), who by that time was well known for his interest and work in psychical research.1 The “us” in the last quote above was a reference to the community of physicists. Such interest in the topic by some physicists, of which Lodge was a main player, is the subject of the book reviewed here.
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Cinar, Derya. "Science Student Teachers’ Cognitive Structure on the Concept of “Food Pyramid”." International Education Studies 9, no. 7 (June 28, 2016): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ies.v9n7p21.
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<p class="apa">The current study aims to determine science student teachers’ cognitive structure on the concept of food pyramid. Qualitative research method was applied in this study. Fallacies detected in the pre-service teachers’ conceptual structures are believed to result in students’ developing misconceptions in their future classes and will adversely affect their future teaching performance. The data were collected from 48 science student teachers. A free word association test was used as a data collection instrument. The data collected were subject to content analysis. Analyzing the science student teachers’ responses to the concept of food pyramid on the free word association test, these responses were coded and divided into categories. Based on the categories, frequency and percentages were provided. The data collected through the study were divided into 7 categories, which were stated as follows: -relationship between producer, consumer and decomposer in matter and energy flow-concepts related to nourishment pyramid-definition of food pyramid-energy and matter transfer-producer, consumer and decomposer-elements of ecosystem and ecological factors- scientific disciplines related to food pyramid. When the words provided as answers by the science student teachers to the concept of food pyramid were analyzed, it was noticed that they had more word connections with relationship between producer, consumer and decomposer in matter and energy flow. It can be argued that some students could not produce any sentences and some others could not make meaningful sentences. Moreover, it was determined that they had some misconceptions about food pyramid. Similar research can be conducted with different student groups and for the correction of alternative concepts related to the concept of food pyramid, extra biology courses should be included in undergraduate curriculums.</p>
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Fervers, B., A. Bataillard, J. Carretier, and M. Kelson. "Involving cancer patients in clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) development in a French guidelines program: What are the key issues?" Journal of Clinical Oncology 24, no. 18_suppl (June 20, 2006): 16029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.16029.
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16029 Background: The translation of clinical research knowledge into CPGs involves interpretation of the evidence and value judgments. Patients’ preferences are essential in defining optimal cancer treatment because of the uncertain outcomes and important side effects. Their perspective should therefore be integrated into the development of CPGs (one item of the AGREE instrument). The Standards & Options: Recommandations program (SOR), of the French Federation of Comprehensive Cancer Centres has developed evidence-based cancer CPGs since 1993. To improve the quality and relevance of their CPGs the SOR program decided to develop a comprehensive method to involve cancer patients in the process. Methods: We developed an approach for the French context of cancer CPGs based on 3 inputs 1) Review of the literature from relevant databases and websites. 2) Review of the experiences of the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence and the Scottish Intercollegiate Network. 3) Multidisciplinary scientific committee (clinicians, patients, psychologists, sociologists, methodologists and healthy volunteers). Results: The data and the work of the experts allowed to identify the key issues for building a French approach 1) “Patient” includes patients under treatment, former patients, carers, members of a patients’ association, healthy volunteers. Patients are recruited through patients’ associations, clinicians, educational groups, newspaper announcements. 2) The patient plays a significant role in defining the clinical question, particularly the outcomes to be considered as well in the drafting of the CPG. They ensure that a patient perspective complements (and sometimes challenges) the views of professional members of the working group. 3) The major method for involving patients is to have them participate in the working group. 4) To train and support the patients is essential. 5) Informing the working group on the importance of taking into account the patient in the drafting of the CPG is a major issue. 6) A preliminary study demonstrates the feasibility and acceptability of patients’ involvement. Conclusions: This process is valuable and will be implemented in the SOR program. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Riga, Dan, and Sorin Riga. "The Science of Aging: Global Progress Brighton, UK, July 11–14 2011 61st Annual Scientific Meeting of the British Society for Research on Ageing (BSRA) and 14th Congress of the International Association of Biomedical Gerontology (IABG)." Rejuvenation Research 14, no. 5 (October 2011): 573–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/rej.2011.1244.
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Damyanov, Ivo, and Nikolay Tsankov. "The Role of Infographics for the Development of Skills for Cognitive Modeling in Education." International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET) 13, no. 01 (January 22, 2018): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v13i01.7541.
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Contemporary culture is a visual culture. Visual images become the predominant form of communication. Students should be visually literate and be able to read and use visual language, to decode, interpret and evaluate visual messages successfully, and, last but not least, to encode and compose meaningful visual communication. The combination of modeling with other methods in scientific knowledge increases its potential as a cognitive method. Infographics can play a significant role in the process as tool or target according to the age and cognitive abilities of the students. Information images (infographics) are visual representations of information, data or knowledge. The use of infographics as a modeling method can develop different cognitive skills such as interpretation, analysis, assessment, conclusion, explanation, which are all part of the modeling process. In fact, they can be a tool for achieving the next stage of literacy - visual literacy. All this necessitates the exploration of infographics as an instrument in the development of a comprehensive system of cognitive tasks in education related to the formation of skills for modeling. In the paper, six types of cognitive tasks in education are analyzed as well as their relation to the visual literacy competence standards approved by the Association of College & Research Libraries. A comparison of freely available infographics tools is provided and the suitability of different infographics templates is discussed.
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Allgayer, Rochele, and Gizele De Souza. "The wonders of the Planetarium: intents and pitfalls for the implementation of a scientific facility in the midst of educational debates in Brazil in the 1930s." Rivista di Storia dell’Educazione 8, no. 1 (May 25, 2021): 25–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/rse-10023.
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This study aims to highlight some articulations the intent of which was to set up Brazil’s first Planetarium in Rio de Janeiro during the organization of the 4th National Education Conference and pedagogy exposition in 1931. The Conferences, promoted by the Brazilian Education Association (ABE), were founded on strategies for disseminating educational practices and producing material for Brazilian schools. This mechanism was a tool not only to provide visibility but also to promote the debate on the material conditions needed for public education. ABE developed actions aimed at directing and political organizing of the school education system in Brazil. Its work was marked by the holding of debates, surveys, research, exhibitions, libraries, publications, conferences and courses that contributed to the entire education process. However, its national prominence occurred through its organization of the National Education Conferences with effect from 1927. The Conferences were not only a way of giving visibility to modern and up to data schooling but also for fuelling the debate on material conditions needed for public education. The ABE Conferences served as a link between the federal government, the state government and civil society, as well as being an important strategy for disseminating ideas. They gave rise to a variety of themes, actions and proposals capable of disseminating educational causes on a national level, addressed at the Conferences and publicized by the press of that time. Among them, this text highlights the debate and the attempt to acquire Brazil’s first Planetarium which could have been part of the activities of the 4th National Education Conference scheduled for 1931. In addition, the debate could put the subject of planetariums into circulation – as a modern mechanism, a powerful instrument used not only by the population but also by science and education in other countries. This article addresses aspects of material school culture by exploring sources derived from the archives of the Brazilian Education Association and from the Brazilian periodical press, proposing relationships and analyses of the use of narrative of the rhetoric of modernity in education. The theoretical references to assist with analysis are linked to the perspective of studies on material school culture and cultural history.
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Hopke, Jill E., and Luis E. Hestres. "Visualizing the Paris Climate Talks on Twitter: Media and Climate Stakeholder Visual Social Media During COP21." Social Media + Society 4, no. 3 (July 2018): 205630511878268. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2056305118782687.
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In 2015, meeting in Paris for the Conference of the Parties (COP21), representatives of 195 nations set an ambitious goal to reach net zero greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by mid-century. This research uses the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, which took place in Paris during 30 November to 11 December 2015, as a case study of Twitter coverage of the talks by mainstream and alternative media outlets and other climate stakeholders, including activists and fossil fuel industry groups. It compares the British Guardian with other media and climate stakeholders’ visual framing of climate change on Twitter during COP21, because the publication had launched an advocacy campaign in March 2015 promoting fossil fuel divestment in the lead-up to COP21. Findings show that individual activists and movement organizations functioned similarly in climate change visual framing in Twitter posts, as did individual and organizational multinational representatives and scientific experts. The news media categories varied by type of news organization. The major outliers were the fossil fuel industry and trade association accounts. Industry stakeholders largely focused on former US President Barack Obama’s climate policy, promoting the perception of a lack of domestic support for his climate policies in their visual Twitter postings.
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Gomes-Pereira, J. N., R. Prieto, V. Neves, J. Xavier, C. Pham, J. Gonçalves, F. Porteiro, R. Santos, and H. Martins. "The role of Malcolm Clarke (1930–2013) in the Azores as a scientist and educationist." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 97, no. 4 (July 8, 2014): 821–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315414000794.
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Malcolm Roy Clarke (1930–2013) was a British teuthologist who made an important contribution to marine science in the Azores archipelago (Portugal). Malcolm started doing research in the Azores from 1980s onward, settling for residency in 2000 after retirement (in 1987). He kept publishing on Azorean cephalopods collaborating in 20% of the peer reviewed works focusing on two main areas: dietary studies; and the ecology of cephalopods on seamounts. Since his first visit in 1981, he was involved in the description of the dietary ecology of several cetaceans, seabirds, and large pelagic and deep-water fish. Using his own data, Malcolm revised the association of cephalopods with seamounts, updating and enlarging the different cephalopod groups according to species behaviour and ecology. Malcolm taught several students working in the Azores on cephalopods and beak identification, lecturing the Third International Workshop in Faial (2007). He empowered the recently established research community, by providing important contacts with foreign institutes and informal advice. He collaborated in the regional cetacean stranding network (RACA) and was an active member of the advisory board of the journal Arquipelago—Life and Marine Sciences. But the scientific role of Malcolm Clarke in the Azores went beyond his academic activities. In the last 10 years Malcolm and Dot Clarke dedicated themselves to building and running a museum on Pico Island, showing the biology of the sperm whale and its interaction with squid; a cultural and touristic legacy for future generations to enjoy.
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Ecclestone, Hazel, and Rizwan Hamid. "A Comparison of UK versus European guidelines in neuro-urology." Journal of Clinical Urology 11, no. 2 (October 1, 2016): 109–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2051415816674115.
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Two primary guidelines, written by the European Association of Urology (EAU) and National Institute of Clinical Excellence (NICE), have been designed to aid British urologists with managing neuro-urological patients. The EAU guidelines are updated annually, and cover incontinence, sexual function and infertility in the adult neuropathic population. The NICE guidelines, applicable to England, are periodically updated, with the last update being in 2012. The NICE guideline covers adults and children with neurological incontinence. There are fundamental differences in the recommendations of the panels. EAU advocate upfront urodynamics and ultrasound assessment in all patients and treatment recommendations are based on urodynamic findings rather than patient symptoms on which the NICE guidelines are based. The patient group covered comprises a heterogeneous population, including patients at high risk of renal deterioration without urological intervention. Due to this, both guidelines recommend initial risk stratification to determine assessment and follow-up regimens. The reason for variation may be due to the NICE guidelines having an added dimension, in that they ensure all interventions are cost effective for a publicly funded national health service. Both guideline panels acknowledge the paucity of scientific research in the field of neuro-urology and consequently both guidelines are based upon expert opinion and limited retrospective evidence. There is an urgent need to undertake prospective research in this field. A first step can be an establishment of prospective registries among various neuro-urological units.
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Patel, Rita, Sarah Drew, Antony Johansen, Tim Chesser, Muhammad K. Javaid, Xavier L. Griffin, Tim Jones, et al. "REducing unwarranted variation in the Delivery of high qUality hip fraCture services in England and Wales (REDUCE): protocol for a mixed-methods study." BMJ Open 11, no. 5 (May 2021): e049763. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-049763.
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IntroductionSubstantial variation in the delivery of hip fracture care, and patient outcomes persists between hospitals, despite established UK national standards and guidelines. Patients’ outcomes are partly explained by patient-level risk factors, but it is hypothesised that organisational-level factors account for the persistence of unwarranted variation in outcomes. The mixed-methods REducing unwarranted variation in the Delivery of high qUality hip fraCture services in England and Wales (REDUCE) study, aims to determine key organisational factors to target to improve patient care.Methods and analysisQuantitative analysis will assess the outcomes of patients treated at 172 hospitals in England and Wales (2016–2019) using National Hip Fracture Database data combined with English Hospital Episodes Statistics; Patient Episode Database for Wales; Civil Registration (deaths) and multiple organisational-level audits to characterise each service provider. Statistical analyses will identify which organisational factors explain variation in patient outcomes, and typify care pathways with high-quality consistent patient outcomes. Documentary analysis of 20 anonymised British Orthopaedic Association hospital-initiated peer-review reports, and qualitative interviews with staff from four diverse UK hospitals providing hip fracture care, will identify barriers and facilitators to care delivery. The COVID-19 pandemic has posed a major challenge to the resilience of services and interviews will explore strategies used to adapt and innovate. This system-wide understanding will inform the development, in partnership with key national stakeholders, of an ‘Implementation Toolkit’ to inform and improve commissioning and delivery of hip fracture services.Ethics and disseminationThis study was approved: quantitative study by London, City and East Research Ethics Committee (20/LO/0101); and qualitative study by Faculty of Health Sciences University of Bristol Research Ethics Committee (Ref: 108284), National Health Service (NHS) Health Research Authority (20/HRA/71) and each NHS Trust provided Research and Development approval. Findings will be disseminated through scientific conferences, peer-reviewed journals and online workshops.
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Piotrowska, Natalia, and Peter A. Winkler. "Otfrid Foerster, the great neurologist and neurosurgeon from Breslau (Wrocław): his influence on early neurosurgeons and legacy to present-day neurosurgery." Journal of Neurosurgery 107, no. 2 (August 2007): 451–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns-07/08/0451.
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✓ As a result of the turbulences of World War II, Wrocław, Poland (formerly Breslau, Germany) lost its internationally acknowledged position in the field of neurosurgery, which it once had thanks to Otfrid Foerster. This innovative German doctor and scientist made a considerable contribution to the development of neurological and neurosurgical research worldwide. He also made Breslau a renowned center for scientific study, luring researchers from around the world. His achievements influenced many neurosurgeons during his lifetime, above all those from the US and England, including, for example, such well-known men as Fulton, Bucy, Bailey, and Penfield (who worked with Foerster in Breslau for quite a long time). Together Foerster and Penfield searched for the causes of epilepsy and the surgical methods to treat it. For young American neurosurgeons it was a very significant step in their careers to be able to train in Breslau under the guidance of Otfrid Foerster. In 1937 the British Association of Neurological Surgeons visited Breslau and awarded him with the honor of “Member Emeritus,” which could be seen as the culmination of Foerster's career. In this paper the authors give an overview of Foerster's work and evaluate its significance. They also elucidate the difficult historical background during fascism in Germany using the sources of the Polish National Archives. Dr. Foerster's remaining traces in today's Wrocl/aw are meticulously reported.
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Magalhães, Prislaine Pupolin, Rodrigo Cardoso Oliveira, Daniela Ponce, and Silvia Regina Quijadas Aro Zuliani. "Bioquímica e Função Renal: Utilizações de Sequências Didáticas com Enfoque Investigativo para Reaproximação de Conceitos Específicos." Revista Brasileira de Educação Médica 43, no. 1 suppl 1 (2019): 404–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1981-5271v43suplemento1-20190117.
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ABSTRACT Current teaching proposals involve teaching strategies that seek to assist and encourage the construction of knowledge by the students, turning them into active participants during the learning process and these have been the subject of several researches. This article reports a didactic sequence carried out with students of applied training for the first year Medical Sciences USP – Bauru, and proposes, as part of its pedagogical design, Problem Based Learning (PBL) as the main teaching strategy. In this didactic sequence we used experimental investigative activities. A didactic sequence that includes investigative activities can be characterized as a gradual evolutionary process, with the objective of intertwining the scientific perspective and the students’ conceptions, through well-planned teaching and learning activities contextualized and empirically adapted to the student’s reasoning. The objective of this work is to share an assertive experience of the application of a contextualized research didactic sequence that involved concepts ranging from the simplest chemical properties of biomolecules and ions to the association and discussion of a hypothetical clinical case involving proteinuria. Its pathophysiology consists of the excretion of protein in the urine, mainly albumin, and occurs when there is some damage to the kidneys. Therefore, the dosage of the protein fraction in urine (albuminuria) is mainly used for the early detection of chronic or acute kidney disease and can also be an instrument for the diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, one should be aware of the possible interferences and the various causes of errors inherent to this examination. In this way, through a didactic resource involving contextualized research experimental activities, having proteinuria as the key problem, we were able to re-approximate specific concepts and to value procedural and attitudinal knowledge, which is important for students in this training phase. In this proposal, the students were protagonists of the learning process, where they were able to raise and test their hypotheses, interconnecting knowledge, acquiring specific skills and competences, allowing reflection on the importance of fundamentals and applications of the basic sciences. The purpose of the investigative and contextualized didactic sequences is to form autonomous subjects, who know how to make decisions and work in teams and have a sound and critical understanding of how scientific knowledge evolves and is related.
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Magalhães, Prislaine Pupolin, Rodrigo Cardoso Oliveira, Daniela Ponce, and Silvia Regina Quijadas Aro Zuliani. "Biochemistry and Renal Function: Use of Inquiry-Based Teaching Sequences for Retrieval of Specific Concepts." Revista Brasileira de Educação Médica 43, no. 1 suppl 1 (2019): 404–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1981-5271v43suplemento1-20190117.ing.
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ABSTRACT Current teaching proposals involve teaching strategies that seek to assist and encourage the construction of knowledge by the students, turning them into active participants during the learning process and these have been the subject of several researches. This article reports a didactic sequence carried out with students of applied training for the first year Medical Sciences USP – Bauru, and proposes, as part of its pedagogical design, Problem Based Learning (PBL) as the main teaching strategy. In this didactic sequence we used experimental investigative activities. A didactic sequence that includes investigative activities can be characterized as a gradual evolutionary process, with the objective of intertwining the scientific perspective and the students’ conceptions, through well-planned teaching and learning activities contextualized and empirically adapted to the student’s reasoning. The objective of this work is to share an assertive experience of the application of a contextualized research didactic sequence that involved concepts ranging from the simplest chemical properties of biomolecules and ions to the association and discussion of a hypothetical clinical case involving proteinuria. Its pathophysiology consists of the excretion of protein in the urine, mainly albumin, and occurs when there is some damage to the kidneys. Therefore, the dosage of the protein fraction in urine (albuminuria) is mainly used for the early detection of chronic or acute kidney disease and can also be an instrument for the diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, one should be aware of the possible interferences and the various causes of errors inherent to this examination. In this way, through a didactic resource involving contextualized research experimental activities, having proteinuria as the key problem, we were able to re-approximate specific concepts and to value procedural and attitudinal knowledge, which is important for students in this training phase. In this proposal, the students were protagonists of the learning process, where they were able to raise and test their hypotheses, interconnecting knowledge, acquiring specific skills and competences, allowing reflection on the importance of fundamentals and applications of the basic sciences. The purpose of the investigative and contextualized didactic sequences is to form autonomous subjects, who know how to make decisions and work in teams and have a sound and critical understanding of how scientific knowledge evolves and is related.
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Johnson, Leslie Main. "Plants and habitats — a consideration of Dene ethnoecology in northwestern CanadaThis paper was submitted for the Special Issue on Ethnobotany, inspired by the Ethnobotany symposium organized by Alain Cuerrier, Montréal Botanical garden, and held in Montréal at the 2006 annual meeting of the Canadian Botanical Association/l’Association botanique du Canada." Botany 86, no. 2 (February 2008): 146–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b07-126.
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This paper discusses local understanding of plants and habitats, based on the linguistic evidence [terms for plants and (or) habitats] gathered from ethnobotanical and ethnoecological field work conducted with several Dene Nations of the Canadian northwestern boreal forest and adjacent regions. Nations involved in the study include Gwich’in (Mackenzie Delta Region), Sahtú’otine’ (Great Bear Lake), Kaska Dena (southern Yukon), and Witsuwit’en (northwest British Columbia). Key plant-related habitats include meadow, “swamp”, forest, “willows”, and “brush”. The ethnobotanical classification of willows is explored in conjunction with the explanation of the Dene habitat concept. In local classifications, ‘willow’ is not co-extensive with the genus Salix , but includes a variety of medium to tall woody shrubs that lack either conspicuous flowers, ‘berries’, or thorns; these may include shrubby species of Salix, Alnus , Cornus , and Betula . Shoreline and alpine environments are also discussed as plant habitats. Dene use of alpine environments and resources is ancient, according to the results of recent alpine ice patch research in the Yukon region. The Human dimensions of habitat knowledge are presented. Indigenous concepts of plant taxa and of landscape associations or habitats may differ substantially from those of scientific botany and ecology, and are based in a holistic and interactive ethnoecology.
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López Belmonte, Jesús, Santiago Pozo Sánchez, and María José Del Pino Espejo. "Projection of the Flipped Learning Methodology in the Teaching Staff of Cross-Border Contexts." Journal of New Approaches in Educational Research 8, no. 2 (July 15, 2019): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.7821/naer.2019.7.431.
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Technological impact and immigration have resulted in ICT playing a significant role in educational adaptation to multicultural environments. This study focuses on flipped learning as an innovative teaching method. The overall objectives of this research are, on the one hand, to carry out a review of the scientific literature about flipped learning, and, on the other hand, to know the extent of its scope amongst teaching staff in cross-border regions.
To achieve these objectives, a quantitative method has been developed through a descriptive model. 316 teachers from different educational centres of the Spanish Autonomous City of Ceuta (Spain) were selected as a sample, and an ad hoc questionnaire was used as an instrument for collecting personal data. Statistical procedures were performed through SPSS software, using location and scattering parameters (median and standard deviation), measurements (Pearson’s asymmetry coefficient and Fisher’s pointing coefficient) and association tasks between variables. The results show that teachers claim to have the necessary knowledge to implement flipped learning in their programmes, but they still have certain deficiencies in their specific training. A significant number of these teachers do not use it because they lack training and digital assets, and also because of a certain apprehension towards innovative practices. The main benefits include the improvement in the student’s autonomy, their participation, interaction and motivation, as well as the teachers’ satisfaction. Regarding the teachers’ perception, it therefore follows that flipped learning contributes to the attention towards diversity created by the multicultural environments, which in this case is a result of the migration phenomenon.
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Andreev, Alexander Alekceevich, and Anton Petrovich Ostroushko. "Vladimir Dmitrievich FEDOROV, doctor of medical Sciences, Professor, academician, Director of the Institute of surgery them. A.V. Vishnevsky (to 85-th anniversary from birthday)." Vestnik of Experimental and Clinical Surgery 11, no. 1 (April 8, 2018): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.18499/2070-478x-2018-11-1-81.
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Vladimir Dmitrievich Fedorov was born on 21 March 1933 in Moscow. After finishing school he entered in the 2nd Moscow medical Institute named after N. And. Pirogov (1950-1956), where he performed the duties of Secretary of the Bureau of the Komsomol of the course and the member of the Komsomol Committee of the Institute; engaged in experimental work on the defibrillation of the heart. Studied in residency (1956-1958), graduate school (1958-1960), worked as a teaching assistant (1960-1966) and then associate Professor (1966-1971) chair of hospital surgery of the 2nd Moscow state medical Institute. In 1963 he defended his Ph. D. in 1971 doctoral dissertation. In 1972, Vladimir Dmitrievich Fedorov was appointed Director of research laboratory surgery clinic of the Ministry of health of the RSFSR. In 1976, on the initiative of V. D. Fedorov was the first in the USSR Department of Coloproctology of the Central doctors improvement Institute, which he headed for 13 years. In 1982 he was elected a corresponding member, and in 1986, academician of the Academy of medical Sciences (AMS) of the USSR. Since 1988, Vladimir Fyodorov, Director of the Institute of surgery named after AV Vishnevsky Academy of medical Sciences of the USSR. In 1990, V. D. Fedorov elected to the chair of surgery, faculty of postgraduate professional education of Moscow medical Academy named after I. M. Sechenov. Since 1974 he worked as a Deputy chief surgeon of the Medical center of President's Affairs Administration of the Russian Federation.
D. Fedorov is the author of over 500 scientific works, including 13 copyright certificates and patents, and 20 monographs. Under his leadership, and counseling are protected by 32 doctoral and 47 master's theses.
V. D. Fedorov was an honorary member of the Russian Association of endoscopic surgery and the Association hepatobiliary surgery, Moscow surgical society, surgical scientific societies of Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan and the Saratov region, Chairman of the surgical section and member of the Presidium of scientific medical Council of Ministry of health of the Russian Federation, a member of the Interdepartmental health Council, Deputy chief editor of the journal "Surgery", member of the editorial Board of the journal "Surgical Laparoscopy and Endoscopy" and one of the oldest journals "British Journal of Surgery". For two years he headed the Association of surgeons named after N. And. Pirogov (1992-1994). More than 10 years he was a member of the Presidium of the Russian Academy of medical Sciences and performed the duties of Chairman of the Board of Directors of the institutes of the Russian Academy of medical Sciences. Vladimir Dmitrievich, a foreign member of the Belarusian Academy of medical Sciences (2000) and the Academy of Sciences of Moldova (2003), honorary Professor of the Petrovsky national research center of the Russian Academy of medical Sciences and the Bashkir medical College. Academician V. D. Fedorov is the main national representative in the International society of surgeons (1990) national representative in the International society of University surgeons Coloproctology. Mr Kuznetsov – laureate of the State prize of the USSR (1985) and the RSFSR (1991), RF Government prize (2002), Honored scientist of Russia (1997), awarded the order of red banner of Labor (1976, 1978), Lenin (1983), "For merits before Fatherland" III degree, Friendship of peoples (1993).