Relevant bibliographies by topics / Brittle stars

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
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Academic literature on the topic 'Brittle stars'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 3 June 2025
Last updated: 22 June 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Brittle stars"

1

Supono, Supono. "Difficulties in the Identification of Deep Sea Ophiuroidea Post-Larvae from Makassar Strait, Indonesia and Their Implication for Taxonomic Studies." Oseanologi dan Limnologi di Indonesia 3, no. 1 (2018): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.14203/oldi.2018.v3i1.127.

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Brittle stars (Ophiuroidea) are one of the most difficult groups to be classified among five classes of echinoderm fauna. This is due to the limited information on their growth and development. Most of information on morphological description and ecology of the identified species were derived from the adult shallow water brittle stars. Meanwhile, the deep sea brittle stars, particularly larval and postlarval stages are less documented due to lack of investigation. This study investigated morphological characteristics of brittle star postlarvae collected from the deep sea of Makassar Strait on 8–15 June 2013. Six individual postlarvae of brittle stars were recorded. The important morphological characteristics of these postlarvae were described as preliminary record for similar future studies. All postlarvae collected in this study demonstrated lack of important structures for identification. Therefore, genetic studies may need to be carried out to identify the samples up to species level.
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Granja, Fernández Rebeca, Pérezrul María Dinorah Herrero, Pérez Ramón Andrés López, et al. "Ophiuroidea (Echinodermata) from coral reefs in the Mexican Pacific." ZooKeys 406 (May 7, 2014): 101–45. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.406.6306.

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There are numerous and important coral reefs in the Mexican Pacific, but scarce studies of brittle stars conducted in these ecosystems. In this regard, this work provides the first annotated checklist of brittle stars associated with coral communities and reefs in the Mexican Pacific and an illustrated key to identify the species. We also provide taxonomic descriptions, spatial and bathymetric distributions and some important remarks of the species. We report a total of 14 species of brittle stars belonging to nine genera and seven families. <i>Ophiocnida hispida </i>in Jalisco, <i>Ophiophragmus papillatus</i> in Guerrero, and <i>Ophiothrix </i>(<i>Ophiothrix</i>)<i> spiculata</i> and<i> Ophiactis simplex</i> in Colima are new distribution records. The record of <i>O. papillatus</i> is remarkable because the species has not been reported since its description in 1940. The brittle stars collected in this study, represent 22.2% of the total species previously reported from the Mexican Pacific. Presently, anthropogenic activities on the coral reefs of the Mexican Pacific have increased, thus the biodiversity of brittle stars in these ecosystems may be threatened.
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Arkhipova, E. A. "Biomass of Ophiuroidea и Echinarachnius parma on a plot of the West Kamchatka shelf in 2013–2017". Researches of the aquatic biological resources of Kamchatka and the North-West Part of the Pacific Ocean, № 67 (21 березня 2023): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.15853/2072-8212.2022.67.61-68.

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According to the results of bottom grab surveys carried out in 2013–2016, data on the biomass (g/m2) of the dominant sea urchin species Echinarachnius parma and the complex of brittle stars on a plot of the West Kamchatka shelf are given. The average biomass of Echinarachnius parma for the surveyed plot varied over the years and in 2013 was 45.298 ± 25.582 g/m2, in 2014 – 48.784 ± 26.561 g/m2, in 2015 – 19.557 ± 11.678 g/m2, in 2016 – 18.957 ± 13.192 g/m2. In terms of biomass on the surveyed plot (g/m2) the main role among the echinoderms belongs to fl at sand dollars, and in terms of population density (ind./m2) – to brittle stars. 11 species of brittle stars from 4 families were noted. In terms of population density the most common species among the brittle stars are Amphiodia craterodmeta and Ophiura quadrispina.
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Kano, Takeshi, Eiki Sato, Tatsuya Ono, Hitoshi Aonuma, Yoshiya Matsuzaka, and Akio Ishiguro. "A brittle star-like robot capable of immediately adapting to unexpected physical damage." Royal Society Open Science 4, no. 12 (2017): 171200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.171200.

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A major challenge in robotic design is enabling robots to immediately adapt to unexpected physical damage. However, conventional robots require considerable time (more than several tens of seconds) for adaptation because the process entails high computational costs. To overcome this problem, we focus on a brittle star—a primitive creature with expendable body parts. Brittle stars, most of which have five flexible arms, occasionally lose some of them and promptly coordinate the remaining arms to escape from predators. We adopted a synthetic approach to elucidate the essential mechanism underlying this resilient locomotion. Specifically, based on behavioural experiments involving brittle stars whose arms were amputated in various ways, we inferred the decentralized control mechanism that self-coordinates the arm motions by constructing a simple mathematical model. We implemented this mechanism in a brittle star-like robot and demonstrated that it adapts to unexpected physical damage within a few seconds by automatically coordinating its undamaged arms similar to brittle stars. Through the above-mentioned process, we found that physical interaction between arms plays an essential role for the resilient inter-arm coordination of brittle stars. This finding will help develop resilient robots that can work in inhospitable environments. Further, it provides insights into the essential mechanism of resilient coordinated motions characteristic of animal locomotion.
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Stratanenko, E. A., N. A. Strelkova, and I. S. Smirnov. "Biodiversity and distribution of brittle stars (Echinodermata, Ophiuroidea) in the Kara Sea." Proceedings of the Zoological Institute RAS 325, no. 2 (2021): 235–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.31610/trudyzin/2021.325.2.235.

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Brittle stars are one of the leading components of the benthic communities in the Kara Sea. The fauna of the Kara Sea brittle stars is represented by 12 species. Ophiocten sericeum (Forbes, 1852), Ophiopleura borealis Danielssen et Koren, 1877, Ophiacantha bidentata (Bruzelius, 1805), and Ophioscolex glacialis Müller et Troschel, 1842 are most widespread within the sea. Based on the available data, distribution maps for each species were constructed. A comparative analysis of the Barents Sea, the Kara Sea and the Laptev Sea fauna was carried out. It was found that during evolution the fauna of Kara Sea brittle stars at the genus level was under balanced influence of autochthonous and allochthons processes; at the species level the autochthonous processes were predominant. The obtained value of the taxonomic uniqueness index characterizes the fauna of the Kara Sea brittle stars as quite isolated at all taxonomic levels. Six biogeographic groups were distinguished in the biogeographic structure of the fauna of the sea, of which the boreal-Arctic and high-boreal-Arctic forms are the most represented. The use of the Jaccard species similarity coefficients and Pearson correlation showed that the greatest similarity at the species level is observed between the Kara and the Laptev seas.
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Nurdiansah, Doni, and Supono. "DIVERSITY OF BRITTLE STARS (OPHIUROIDEA) IN TALISE WATERS, NORTH SULAWESI." Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kelautan Tropis 9, no. 2 (2018): 709–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jitkt.v9i2.19303.

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Talise waters, located in North Sulawesi, is one of many coastal areas in Indonesia with sea grass cover extending along the reef flat. This ecological feature is beneficial for living habitat of associated fauna, including brittle stars. Brittle stars are group of Echinodermata reported to be abundantly found in sea grass ecosystem. However, the diversity of this fauna is less reported except as part of echinoderm studies. This research aims to investigate the diversity of brittle stars in Talise waters. Data were collected in July 2009 applying quadrant transect method. In total of 650 individuals belonging to 4 families (Ophiotrichidae, Ophiodermatidae, Ophiocomidae and Ophiuridae) and 10 species were recorded during this study. The diversity (H’=1.58), richness (D=1.69) and Evennes Index (J=0.89) was relatively higher compared to adjacent water in North Sulawesi such as Wori (H =1.64, D =1.38, J=0.85), Kema (H =1.3, D =0.38, J=0.36) but lower than East Likupang waters (H =1.95, D =2.42, J=0.97). Keywords: brittle star, diversity, richness, evennes, Talise waters
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Lin, Y., and K. Soong. "Spawning behaviors of two congeneric brittle stars." Marine Ecology Progress Series 387 (July 28, 2009): 157–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps08118.

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Stöhr, Sabine, Timothy D. O'Hara, and Ben Thuy. "Global Diversity of Brittle Stars (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea)." PLoS ONE 7, no. 3 (2012): e31940. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0031940.

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Martín-Ledo, Rafael, and Pablo J. López-González. "Brittle stars from Southern Ocean (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea)." Polar Biology 37, no. 1 (2013): 73–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00300-013-1411-8.

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Okanishi, Masanori, Hisanori Kohtsuka, Qianqian Wu, et al. "Development of two new sets of PCR primers for eDNA metabarcoding of brittle stars (Echinodermata, Ophiuroidea)." Metabarcoding and Metagenomics 7 (February 28, 2023): e94298. https://doi.org/10.3897/mbmg.7.94298.

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Brittle stars (class Ophiuroidea) are marine invertebrates comprising approximately 2,100 extant species, and are considered to constitute the most diverse taxon of the phylum Echinodermata. As a non-invasive method for monitoring biodiversity, we developed two new sets of PCR primers for metabarcoding environmental DNA (eDNA) from brittle stars. The new primer sets were designed to amplify 2 short regions of the mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene, comprising a conserved region (111–115 bp, 112 bp on average; named "16SOph1") and a hyper-variable region (180–195 bp, 185 bp on average; named "16SOph2") displaying interspecific variation. The performance of the primers was tested using eDNA obtained from two sources: a) rearing water of an 2.5 or 170 L aquarium tanks containing 15 brittle star species and b) from natural seawater collected around Misaki, the Pacific coast of central Japan, at depths ranging from shallow (2 m) to deep (&gt; 200 m) sea. To build a reference library, we obtained 16S rRNA sequences of brittle star specimens collected from around Misaki and from similar depths in Japan, and sequences registered in International Nucleotide Sequence Database Collaboration. As a result of comparison of the obtained eDNA sequences with the reference library 37 (including cryptic species) and 26 brittle star species were detected with certain identities by 16SOph1 and 16SOph2 analyses, respectively. In shallow water, the number of species and reads other than the brittle stars detected with 16SOph1 was less than 10% of the total number. On the other hand, the number of brittle star species and reads detected with 16SOph2 was less than half of the total number, and the number of detected non-brittle star metazoan species ranged from 20 to 46 species across 6 to 8 phyla (only the reads at the "Tank" were less than 0.001%). The number of non-brittle star species and reads at 80 m was less than 10% with both of the primer sets. These findings suggest that 16SOph1 is specific to the brittle star and 16SOph2 is suitable for a variety of marine metazoans. It appears, however, that further optimization of primer sequences would still be necessary to avoid possible PCR dropouts from eDNA extracts. Moreover, a detailed elucidation of the brittle star fauna in the examined area, and the accurate identification of brittle star species in the current DNA databank is required.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Brittle stars"

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ALARCON, A. P. DUQUE. "MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR ASPECTS OF ARM REGENERATION IN BRITTLE STARS." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/276146.

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Abstract Regeneration processes are very complex developmental phenomena, occurring in adult and larval organisms, which require not only new cell formation but also detailed information to specify the identity of tissues to be generated at the wound site. Regeneration after injury requires several changes in terms of activation of cellular mechanisms, activities and behavior and regenerating tissues initiate diverse processes such as wound healing, programmed cell death, dedifferentiation/transdifferentiation, stem (or progenitor) cell proliferation, differentiation. Regeneration, in which lost or damage tissue are re-grown, requires specification of the identity of new tissues to be made at specific positions. In general, it is not yet understood whether this process relies only on intrinsic regulative properties of regenerating tissues or whether positional information provides input into tissue re-patterning. However, there are still few established experimental systems that enable the study of this issue in regenerating animals, especially considering animals closely related to vertebrates, the echinoderms, which are a deuterostomian, group phylogenetically related to chordates. Larval and adult echinoderms from each of the five classes present a natural and rapid regeneration potential. Among echinoderms, ophiuroids (or brittlestars) are well known for possessing a remarkable regeneration plasticity, in many species expressed by the ability to rapidly and completely regenerate arms lost following self-induced (autotomy) or traumatic amputation. In spite of the well documented regenerative phenomena, there is still a huge lack of studies providing large-scale identification of genes involved in the molecular architecture of ophiuroid wonderful regeneration capabilities. Therefore, this thesis focuses on the study of cellular and molecular aspects of arm regeneration in ophiuroid models. As far as the cellular aspects are concerned different approaches were followed. The first one followed the overall arm regeneration process in Ophioderma longicauda model. Microscopic analysis allowed the characterization and reconstruction of the main phases in its morphogenetic and histogenetic events from self-induced amputation event up to 12 weeks regrowth. This results confirmed that arm regeneration in ophiuroids is achieved through a combination of morphallactic and epimorphic processes involved both in recycling and reorganization of old tissues and blastema formation. In addition, a rough comparison with the regeneration phenomena in other close species, Ophioderma appressa and Ophioderma cinerea, was provided in order to confirm the general aspects of the process. The second approach was focussed on another model species, Amphiura filiformis, whose arm regeneration process has been previously studied in detail. Hence, the selected experimental model was the explant, i.e. an isolated arm fragment obtained by a double amputation of the arm, proximal and distal maintained in living conditions up to 39 days. Here the morphogenetic and histogenetic events leading to the regrowth of a regenerating arm from the distal explant end were reconstructed in order to complement the previous results of the normal arm. The explant regeneration following double amputation in A. filiformis demonstrated a clear developmental polarity expressed by regeneration of the arm on the distal end and by cicatrization on the proximal end. As far as the molecular aspects, the work was addressed by trying to identify misregulated genes during early regenerative processes in arm regeneration of O. longicauda. An SSH library resulted in the identification of a fragment of the cDNA encoding the DNAJ, subfamily C member 7-like (DNAJC7) protein from regenerating arms (24 and 48 hours). This 341 bp cDNA clone matches to the 3`UTR region of a Strongylocentrotus purpuratus DNAJ ortholog (79% identity), a member of the DNAJ heat shock proteins (HSP 40) family. The optimized set up of in-situ hybridization (ISH) on the whole animal arm showed a clear expression in the radial water canal system (RWC) of both the freshly cut and the regenerating arm at 24 h and 48 h. A quantitative qRT-PCR disclosed a marked up regulation of this gene during regeneration. Based on the above-mentioned evidences we hypothesized a potential involvement of DNAJC7 like in arm regeneration in the ophiuroid O. longicauda. Keywords: Echinoderms, ophiuroids, arm regeneration, explants, molecular aspects, misregulated genes, DNAJ
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Olbers, Jennifer M. "Taxonomy, biodiversity and biogeography of the brittle stars (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) of South Africa." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/22906.

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The South African Ophiuroidea were last reviewed by Clark and Courtman-Stock in 1976. In the current investigation, the systematics of the group is thus revised in its entirety for the first time in 40 years. The data used originated from a number of sources. Existing data were sourced from i) published literature, ii) large expeditions or survey data, iii) South African institutional collections and iv) international museums. The majority of new records and data were sourced from previously unidentified specimens deposited in the collections of various South African and international museums and/or institutions, as well as from photographic records and some new, project-specific collecting. A review is presented of the history of ophiuroid taxonomy in South Africa highlighting the progression of research and of species discovery in the region since 1783. All new records of Ophiuroidea from South Africa since (and including) 1977 are documented, with each species account detailing key references, distribution, ecology and additional remarks. As a result, an additional 28 species are added to the known fauna of the mainland Exclusive Economic Zone of continental South Africa, raising the total known number of ophiuroid species in the region to 136. The genus Ophiocoma Agassiz (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea: Ophiurida: Ophiocomidae) is reviewed and the number of species in South Africa increased from four to eight. All species are briefly discussed in terms of taxonomy, geographic distribution and ecology. Furthermore, the juveniles of O. brevipes, which were found on the ventral side of some adult Ophiocoma brevipes specimens, are described in detail. The distribution of the type material of O. scolopendrina has led to some confusion, and it is considered appropriate to establish a neotype from the original type locality (Mauritius).
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Hainey, MacKenna. "Behavior and Functional Morphology of Respiration in the Basket Star, Gorgonocephalus eucnemis and Two Brittle Stars in the Genus Ophiothrix." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/24233.

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Gorgonocephalus eucnemis, Ophiothrix suensonii and Ophiothrix spiculata are aerobic Echinoderms. Previous observations on the anatomy of these two genera state five pairs of radial shields and genital plates are responsible for regulating the position of the roof of the body disc and the flushing of water in and out of the bursae. Rates of bursal ventilation increase by an average 60-64% when the ophiuroid is exposed to an increase in food or a decrease in dissolved oxygen in Gorgonocephalus. When exposed to hypoxic oxygen concentrations O. suensonii and O. spiculata increased bursal-ventilation rates by (means of) 35% and 28%. Measurements of DO from inside and outside the bursae show that DO is being absorbed during bursal-ventilations. These findings suggest bursal ventilation is a means of respiration and increased rates of bursal-ventilation may help meet increased oxygen demands during feeding and some periods of hypoxia. This dissertation includes unpublished, co-authored material.
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Presiado, Rhea Suzanne. "Biogeography of the brittle star Ophioplocus esmarki (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) /." For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2005. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.

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Seaver, Ryan W. "A partial skeletal proteome of the brittle star Ophiocoma wendtii." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1522653.

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<p> The formation of mineralized tissue was critical to the evolution and diversification of metazoans and remains functionally significant in most animal lineages. Of special importance is the protein found occluded within the mineral matrix, which facilitates the process of biomineralization and modulates the final mineral structure. These skeletal matrix proteins have well been described in several species, including the sea urchin <i> Stronglyocentrotus purpuratus,</i> an important model organism. Biomineralization research is limited in other echinoderm classes. This research encompasses the first description of mineral matrix proteins in a member of the echinoderm class Ophiuroidea. This work describes the skeletal matrix proteins of the brittle star <i>Ophiocoma wendtii</i> using bioinformatic and proteomic techniques. General characteristics of matrix protein are described and a number of candidate biomineralization related genes have been identified, cloned, and sequenced. The unique evolutionary and biochemical properties of brittle star skeletal matrix proteins are also described.</p>
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Landschoff, Jannes. "Brooding behaviour in Ophioderma wahlbergii, a shallow-water brittle star from South Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13380.

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Includes bibliographical references.<br>The brooding behaviour and brooded young are described for Ophioderma wahlbergii Müller & Troschel 1842, a large, common brittle star from the coastal waters of South Africa. Twenty specimens were collected each month from June 2013 – May 2014 (n = 240). The species was found to be gonochoric.
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Ruzek, Mitch James. "Evolution of a conserved gene regulatory network among echinoderms : a comparison of genes expressed in the skeletogenetic lineage of the ophuroid Ophiocoma wendtii and the echinoid Strongylocentrotus purpuratus." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0003181.

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Czarkwiani, A. "Towards a gene regulatory network for the regeneration of the adult skeleton in the brittle star Amphiura filiformis." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2017. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1559830/.

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The recent emergence of transcriptomic data available for echinoderms opened up the possibility of using this group of animals to study the molecular aspects underlying their extreme regenerative abilities. I use the brittle star Amphiura filiformis as a model to understand the cellular and molecular aspects of skeletogenesis during adult arm regeneration. This allowed me to begin compiling essential preparatory work for studying the gene regulatory network (GRN) underlying adult regeneration of the skeleton, which can be compared with the embryonic developmental program. I first studied the anatomy and morphogenesis of the skeleton during arm regeneration in A. filiformis, and defined a staging system relevant for the early developmental events occurring in the first 8 days post-amputation. I then established methods for spatio-temporal expression analysis and pharmacological treatments to characterise genes involved in adult arm regeneration in this brittle star. 18 genes expressed in embryonic skeletogenic cells (transcription factors, signalling receptors and downstream differentiation genes) were found to be expressed in the dermal layer of early stage regenerates, where skeletal spicules first form. This showed a very similar molecular signature of larval and regenerating arm skeletogenic cells. FGF signalling perturbation using the SU5402 inhibitor interfered with skeleton formation both in embryonic development and adult regeneration of the brittle star. A large-scale comparison revealed a conservation of a cohort of genes affected by SU5402 downstream of FGF signalling between those two developmental stages. In conclusion we found morphological and molecular similarities underlying skeletogenesis during regeneration and embryonic development suggesting that the gene regulatory network driving skeletogenic cell specification and differentiation could be re-activated in adult arm regeneration.
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Ramiaramanantsoa, Tahina, Anthony F. J. Moffat, Robert Harmon та Richard Ignace. "BRITE-Constellation High-Precision Time-Dependent Photometry of the Early O-Type Supergiant ζ Puppis Unveils the Photospheric Drivers of Its Small- and Large-Scale Wind Structures". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/2724.

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From 5.5 months of dual-band optical photometric monitoring at the 1 mmag level, BRITE-Constellation has revealed two simultaneous types of variability in the O4I(n)fp star ζ Puppis: one single periodic non-sinusoidal component superimposed on a stochastic component. The monoperiodic component is the 1.78-d signal previously detected by Coriolis/Solar Mass Ejection Imager, but this time along with a prominent first harmonic. The shape of this signal changes over time, a behaviour that is incompatible with stellar oscillations but consistent with rotational modulation arising from evolving bright surface inhomogeneities. By means of a constrained non-linear light-curve inversion algorithm, we mapped the locations of the bright surface spots and traced their evolution. Our simultaneous ground-based multisite spectroscopic monitoring of the star unveiled cyclical modulation of its He IIλ4686 wind emission line with the 1.78-d rotation period, showing signatures of corotating interaction regions that turn out to be driven by the bright photospheric spots observed by BRITE. Traces of wind clumps are also observed in the He II λ4686 line and are correlated with the amplitudes of the stochastic component of the light variations probed by BRITE at the photosphere, suggesting that the BRITE observations additionally unveiled the photospheric drivers of wind clumps in ζ Pup and that the clumping phenomenon starts at the very base of the wind. The origins of both the bright surface inhomogeneities and the stochastic light variations remain unknown, but a subsurface convective zone might play an important role in the generation of these two types of photospheric variability.
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Mosher, Celeste V. "Commensalism and Reproductive Biology of the Brittle Star Ophiocreas oedipus Associated with the Octoral Metallogorgia melanotrichos on the New England Corner Rise Seamounts." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2008. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/MosherCV2008.pdf.

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Books on the topic "Brittle stars"

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1936-, Austin W. C., ed. Brittle stars, sea urchins and feather stars of British Columbia, southeast Alaska and Puget Sound. Royal BC Museum, 2007.

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Lambert, Philip. Brittle stars: Sea urchings and feather stars of British Columbia, southeast Alaska and Puget Sound. Royal BC Museum, 2007.

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Hendler, Gordon. New species of brittle stars from the Western Atlantic, Ophionereis vittata, Amphioplus sepultus, and Ophiostigma siva, and the designation of a neotype for Ophiostigma isocanthum (Say) (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea). Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, 1995.

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Austin, William C. Brittle Stars, Sea Urchins and Feather Stars of British Columbia, Southeast Alaska and Puget Sound. UBC Press, 2007.

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(Illustrator), Linda M. Feltner, ed. Brittle Stars & Mudbugs: An Uncommon Field Guide to Northwest Shorelines & Wetlands. Sasquatch Books, 2002.

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Echinoderms of the Philippines: A guide to common shallow water sea stars, brittle stars, sea urchins, sea cucumbers and feather stars. VISCA-GTZ Program on Applied Tropical Ecology, Visayas State College of Agriculture, 2000.

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Echinoderms of the Philippines: A guide to common shallow water sea stars, brittle stars, sea urchins, sea cucumbers and feather stars. Times Editions, 2000.

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Conway, David V. P., Claudia Castellani, and Eve C. Southward. Echinodermata. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199233267.003.0034.

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This chapter describes the taxonomy of Echinodermata, a diverse group of organisms consisting systematically of five classes including sea stars (Asteroidea), brittle stars (Ophiuroidea), sea urchins (Echinoidea), sea cucumbers (Holothuroidea), and feather stars (Crinoidea). It covers their life cycle, ecology, and general morphology. It includes a section that indicates the systematic placement of the taxon described within the tree of life, and lists the key marine representative illustrated in the chapter (usually to genus or family level). This section also provides information on the taxonomic authorities responsible for the classification adopted, recent changes which might have occurred, and lists relevant taxonomic sources.
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Byrne, Maria, and Timothy O'Hara, eds. Australian Echinoderms. CSIRO Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9781486307630.

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Echinoderms, including feather stars, seastars, brittle stars, sea urchins and sea cucumbers, are some of the most beautiful and interesting animals in the sea. They play an important ecological role and several species of sea urchins and sea cucumbers form the basis of important fisheries. Over 1000 species live in Australian waters, from the shoreline to the depths of the abyssal plain and the tropics to Antarctic waters.&#x0D; Australian Echinoderms is an authoritative account of Australia’s 110 families of echinoderms. It brings together in a single volume comprehensive information on the identification, biology, evolution, ecology and management of these animals for the first time. Richly illustrated with beautiful photographs and written in an accessible style, Australian Echinoderms suits the needs of marine enthusiasts, academics and fisheries managers both in Australia and other geographical areas where echinoderms are studied.&#x0D; Winner of the 2018 Whitley Medal&#x0D;
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Endeavour, Endeavour. Report on the Sea-Lilies, Starfishes, Brittle-stars and Sea-urchins Obtained by the F. I. S. Endeavour on the Coasts of Queensland, New South Wales, Tasmania, Victoria, South Australia, and Western Australia. Creative Media Partners, LLC, 2023.

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Book chapters on the topic "Brittle stars"

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Williamson, Donald I. "Echinoderms: Sea-Urchins and Brittle-Stars." In The Origins of Larvae. Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0357-4_11.

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Williamson, Donald I. "Echinoderms: Sea-Urchins and Brittle-Stars." In LARVAE and EVOLUTION. Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8077-9_8.

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Forli, Maurizio, and Andrea Guerrini. "Asteroidea and Ophiuroidea: Starfish and Brittle Stars." In The History of Fossils Over Centuries. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-04687-2_22.

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Franklin, Peter. "A Trip to East Berlin and the Start of a Career." In Britten Experienced. Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781032666631-6.

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Sides, E. M. "Interference competition between brittle-stars?" In Echinodermata. CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003079224-138.

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Hayward, Peter J., and John S. Ryland. "Sea Urchins, Starfish, Brittle Stars, and Sea Cucumbers." In Handbook of the Marine Fauna of North-West Europe. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199549443.003.0012.

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Vanderlinden, C., J. Mallefet, and Ph Gailly. "How do brittle stars control their light emission?" In Echinoderms: Durham. CRC Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203869543-c65.

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Gage, John D., and Thomas Brey. "P/B ratios in deep-sea brittle stars." In Echinoderms through Time. CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003077831-99.

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Santhanam, Ramasamy, Santhanam Ramesh, and Sheba Rani Nakka David. "Biology and Ecology of Pharmaceutical Brittle Stars and Basket Stars (Class: Ophiuroidea)." In Biology and Ecology of Pharmaceutical Marine Life: Echinoderms. CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429060236-3.

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Emson, R. "Feeding and adaptations for feeding in Euryaline brittle-stars: A review." In Echinoderm Research. CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003078951-38.

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Conference papers on the topic "Brittle stars"

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Hargrave, R. E. "Unusual Failures Involving Copper Deposition in Boiler Tubing." In CORROSION 1990. NACE International, 1990. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1990-90187.

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Abstract Unusual case histories are presented in which boiler tube failure mechanisms involved copper deposition on waterside surfaces. Three case histories on copper-induced liquid metal embrittlement (LME) are reviewed. For copper to cause LME of plain carbon steel boiler tubing, metal temperatures must exceed 1600 °F. Therefore, copper embrittlement of boiler equipment is usually associated with a rapid, high-temperature overheating incident (e.g., flame impingement, sudden loss in normal circulation) or, more commonly, a welding repair process. Grain boundary penetration of liquid copper via LME can result in severe intergranular cracking and brittle fracture of normally ductile steel tubing. Another case history discusses overheating damage (bulging) of a tube that was promoted by thick waterside deposits containing multiple layers of copper alloy corrosion products. The majority of copper was probably transported into the boiler system during shutdown/start-up cycles.
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Friedrich, H., J. Frank, H. Gladen, and M. Stratmann. "Stress Corrosion Cracking of Low Alloy Steels under High Pressure and High Temperature Conditions." In CORROSION 1996. NACE International, 1996. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1996-96098.

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Abstract The stress corrosion behavior of fine grained, low alloy steels has been investigated using constant strain rate tensile tests. Studied materials were a A508 Class II type KS05 (German grade: 22 NiMoCr 3 7) and a A533 B Class I (German grade: 20 MnMoNi 5 5). The susceptibility to stress corrosion cracking was determined as a function of the amount of dissolved oxygen and temperature using cylindrical smooth specimen (DIN 50125) in purified water (conductivity below 0.2 μS/cm). The environment was controlled and conditioned using a closed loop refreshing apparatus. The strain rate was varied between 2·10−2 and 5·10−9 1/s. Most of the experiments have been carried out until fracture of the specimens. In addition some experiments were stopped after various exposure times and the specimens were broken in liquid nitrogen in order to observe initial stages of crack formation and crack propagation. The fracture surface of broken specimens has been examined by means of light and scanning electron microscopy. The fraction of brittle fracture mode on the rupture surface has been quantified in relation to exposure time to estimate a crack growth velocity. The results of the experiments indicate a lowest oxygen concentration in the water necessary for the appearance of stress corrosion cracking which is estimated to be 10 ppb. Brittle cracking generated by stress corrosion during exposure to high pressure high temperature conditions only appears beyond a preliminary plastic deformation. The value of this critical plastic deformation was found to be 3 % but a lower critical value cannot be excluded. Additional stress corrosion is significant only at strain rates below 10−4 1/s. Values of "true" crack propagation rates can be determined only after correcting for the slow straining time necessary to reach the critical elongation. At this stage crack initiation always starts at sulphide inclusions in or beneath the specimen surface.
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Soundararajan, Sudharsanan. "885°F Embrittlement of Super Duplex Stainless Steel Impeller in Hot Off Gas Blower." In CONFERENCE 2025. AMPP, 2025. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2025-00466.

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Abstract During Start-up of Hot off Gas blower, catastrophic brittle fracture was observed on the final stage impeller of 4 stage Hot off gas blower. The metallurgy of the impeller is Super Duplex stainless Steel (UNS S32750) and the 4th stage of the blower was continuously operated above 325°C (615°F). Metallurgical failure analysis was carried out using Optical Microscopy, Chemical Composition analysis, Ferrite measurement, Hardness measurement, Impact test and Fractography analysis by Scanning Electron Microscopy. In Microstructure analysis no abnormalities in the Ferrite/austenite balance and no intermetallic were observed. However, the room temperature impact test revealed very low observed energy (2J) suggesting possibility of 475°C (885°F) Embrittlement. To ascertain the same De-embrittlement heat treatment was carried out at 550°C &amp; 600°C and subsequent impact test energy values confirmed the in-service embrittlement. ASME BPV Codes restricts the use of Duplex stainless steel above 315°C (600°F), and it is followed in the pressure vessel components. However, in the case of rotary equipment internals and valve internals this restriction is not considered by some of the vendors due to high mechanical strength advantage. The aim of the paper is to draw attention towards metallurgical selection for high temperature internal components for pumps, compressors, valves and blowers, which are typically packaged items and follow vendor specifications.
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Aizenberg, J. "Calcitic Microlenses As Part Of The Photoreceptor System In Brittle Stars." In Diffractive Optics and Micro-Optics. OSA, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/domo.2002.jwa1.

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Sumrall, Colin, Nicholas Smith, Ben Thuy, and Larry Knox. "NEW DISTRIBUTION OF BRITTLE STARS THROUGH THE CARBONIFEROUS BASED ON ISOLATED ARM PLATES." In GSA Connects 2021 in Portland, Oregon. Geological Society of America, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2021am-369305.

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Paujiah, E., R. A. S. D. R. Putri, W. T. Ardiansyah, et al. "Diversity of sea cucumbers and brittle stars in intertidal zone, Karang Papak coastal, West Java, Indonesia." In PROCEEDINGS OF THE SYMPOSIUM ON ADVANCE OF SUSTAINABLE ENGINEERING 2021 (SIMASE 2021): Post Covid-19 Pandemic: Challenges and Opportunities in Environment, Science, and Engineering Research. AIP Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0129634.

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Kang, Gi-Hwan, and Sung-Hoon Kim. "Formation of Carbon Nanomaterials Having the Brittle Star-Like Mophology." In The 2nd World Congress on Mechanical, Chemical, and Material Engineering. Avestia Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.11159/mmme16.119.

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Smith, Nicholas, Colby E. Sain, Ben Thuy, and Colin Sumrall. "IMPROVING OUR UNDERSTANDING OF LATE PALEOZOIC BRITTLE STAR DIVERSITY: A NEW BRITTLE STAR FAUNA FROM THE INDIAN SPRINGS SHALE MEMBER OF THE BIG CLIFTY FORMATION, SULPHUR, IN." In GSA Connects 2021 in Portland, Oregon. Geological Society of America, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2021am-369272.

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Patterson, Zach J., Andrew P. Sabelhaus, Keene Chin, Tess Hellebrekers, and Carmel Majidi. "An Untethered Brittle Star-Inspired Soft Robot for Closed-Loop Underwater Locomotion." In 2020 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iros45743.2020.9341008.

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Zhang, Hanqing, Benjamin Liaw, and Feridun Delale. "Axisymmetric Microfracture Analysis of Fiber-Reinforced Brittle Composites." In ASME 1997 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1997-0701.

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Abstract In many ceramic matrix composites subjected to tensile loading the damage usually starts with matrix cracking followed by multiple matrix cracking, interfacial debonding, fiber breaking and fiber pull-out. Some of these events may occur simultaneously and the specimen may separate into two or more pieces. Indeed our tensile testing of Nicalon/CAS II composites in SEM confirms this general damage pattern, which resulted in a nonlinear stress-strain curve. The analytical challenge is to construct a damage model which can predict or at least simulate the observed behavior. The linear part of the stress-strain curve corresponds to the undamaged stage of the specimen and the slope can easily be matched using the “rule of mixtures”. The non-linear portion will depend on the assumed damage model.
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Reports on the topic "Brittle stars"

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HYSTERETIC PERFORMANCE OF WEAK-AXIS CONNECTION WITH I-SHAPED PLATES IN STEEL FRAME. The Hong Kong Institute of Steel Construction, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18057/ijasc.2021.17.3.1.

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This paper elucidates numerically the behavior of weak-axis moment connections proposed by welding I-shaped plates in the H-section column to increase connection strength and ductility in steel frame. After validating the numerical methods through comparing the results of numerical analysis and experiments, the effectiveness of the proposed weak-axis connection were examined through comparing to the traditional weak-axis connection. The proposed weak-axis connection could move the highest stresses away from the start-stop points of a weld, and thus preventing the premature brittle fracture of the beam flange welds. The plastic hinge formed away from the beam-column interface, while the local buckling occurred in the weld access holes region in the traditional weak-axis connection. The proposed weak-axis connections can be classified as rigid in a strong-bracing system, and be classified as semi-rigid in weak-supported or unsupported system. And then a series of parametric studies was conducted to better understand the behavior of proposed weak-axis moment connections. The force-displacement relationships, location of the plastic hinge, Mises index (MI), triaxiality index (TI) and rupture index (RI) distributions at the beam flange welds were reported in detail. According to the numerical analysis, the design variables of I-shaped plates and widened flange plate are suggested, along with a design procedure.
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