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Journal articles on the topic 'Brl2'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 2 February 2022

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1

Wirth, Sophia, Daniela Freihorst, Katrin Krause, and Erika Kothe. "What Role Might Non-Mating Receptors Play in Schizophyllum commune?" Journal of Fungi 7, no. 5 (2021): 399. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof7050399.

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The B mating-type locus of the tetrapolar basidiomycete Schizophyllum commune encodes pheromones and pheromone receptors in multiple allelic specificities. This work adds substantial new evidence into the organization of the B mating-type loci of distantly related S. commune strains showing a high level of synteny in gene order and neighboring genes. Four pheromone receptor-like genes were found in the genome of S. commune with brl1, brl2 and brl3 located at the B mating-type locus, whereas brl4 is located separately. Expression analysis of brl genes in different developmental stages indicates

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2

Ceserani, Teresa, Anna Trofka, Neeru Gandotra, and Timothy Nelson. "VH1/BRL2 receptor-like kinase interacts with vascular-specific adaptor proteins VIT and VIK to influence leaf venation." Plant Journal 57, no. 6 (2009): 1000–1014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-313x.2008.03742.x.

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3

Endres, H., M. Hiller, and H. J. Keller. "Preparation, Structure and Investigations of BEDT-TTF Trihalides." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 40, no. 12 (1985): 1664–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1985-1212.

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Abstract Crystals of the β-phases of (BEDT-TTF)2Br-I-Br (1) and (BEDT-TTF)2I-I - Br (2) have been isolated by electrocrystallization. The solids can be obtained using different tetrabutylammonium trihalides containing iodine and bromine as supporting electrolytes. Cyclovoltam metric results show clearly that the trihalide anions are involved in the oxidation reactions near the anode which finally lead to the crystals. 1 C20H16Br2IS16, Mr = 1056.01, and 2 C20H16BrI2S16, Mt = 1103.01 are isom orphous, crystallizing in the triclinic space group P1̄, with Z = 1. Unit cell parameters for 1: a = 6.5

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Försterling, H. D., H. J. Lamberz, and H. Schreiber. "Kinetics of the Ce3+/BrO2-Reaction in Sulfuric Acid Medium." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 40, no. 4 (1985): 368–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-1985-0409.

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The reaction of Ce3+ with BrO2 in sulfuric acid solution (which is the starting step in the inorganic reaction subset of the Belousov-Zhabotinsky-reaction) is followed spectroscopically in a reaction mixture containing BrO2 at constant concentration. From first order kinetics (Br02 in excess) the rate constant for this reaction is evaluated.

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5

Gong, Dan-Ping, and Deng-Ke Cao. "Heteroleptic Ir(iii) and Pt(ii) complexes based on 2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-pyridine and bisthienylethene BrLH: the influence of the metal center on structures, luminescence and photochromism." Dalton Transactions 45, no. 22 (2016): 9328–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6dt01175f.

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Based on bisthienylethene BrLH, [Ir(dfppy)<sub>2</sub>(BrL)]·3CH<sub>3</sub>OH (1) and [Pt(dfppy)(BrL)]·CH<sub>3</sub>OH (2) have been prepared. The two complexes are significantly different in structure, luminescence and photochromic behavior, due to their different metal centers.

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Cao, Deng-Ke, Ruo-Hong Wei, Xiao-Xiong Li, and Yan-Wei Gu. "Multifunctional mononuclear bisthienylethene-cobalt(ii) complexes: structures, slow magnetic relaxation and photochromic behavior." Dalton Transactions 44, no. 12 (2015): 5755–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4dt04035j.

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Based on bisthienylethene ligands BrLH and PLH, multifunctional mononuclear complexes Co(BrL)<sub>2</sub>·3CH<sub>3</sub>OH (1) and Co(PL)<sub>2</sub>·2CH<sub>3</sub>OH (2) were synthesized, and they exhibited field-induced slow magnetic relaxation behavior and photochromic properties in CH<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub>–CH<sub>3</sub>CN solution.

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7

Cano-Delgado, A. "BRL1 and BRL3 are novel brassinosteroid receptors that function in vascular differentiation in Arabidopsis." Development 131, no. 21 (2004): 5341–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.01403.

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8

McAuley, A., та S. Subramanian. "Synthesis and characterization of Ni(II) and Cu(II) complexes of 6-(β-(3,4-dimethoxyphenylethyl))cyclam (L1) and 6-(β-(3,4-dihydroxyphenylethyl))cyclam (H2L2) (cyclam=1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane). X-ray crystal structures of [Cu(L1)Br2] and [Cu(H2(BrL2))Br]Br·H2O and metal ion templated formation of multinuclear macrocyclic complexes". Inorganica Chimica Acta 300-302 (квітень 2000): 477–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0020-1693(99)00554-x.

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9

Försterling, Horst-Dieter, Szilvia Murányi, and Helmut Schreiber. "Rate of the Bromous Acid-Bromide Reaction Measured in a Br2-HOBr Buffer System in Sulfuric Acid Solution." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 44, no. 6 (1989): 555–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-1989-0611.

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In the Belousov-Zhabotinsky system bromine species of oxidation states - 1 to 5 are important for the start and for the inhibition of the autocatalytic reaction steps. Especially, the reaction of Br- with HBrO2 competes with the oxidation of Ce3+ by BrO2 formed from HBrO2 and HBrO3. In our investigation the reaction of Br- with HBrO2 (solvent 1 M sulfuric acid) is followed spectroscopically in a mixture of bromine and hypobromous acid, which system works as a buffer for bromide. Including experiments on the hydrolysis of Br2 and on the solubility product of AgBr in 1 M sulfuric acid solution d

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10

Kojic, Milorad, Qingwen Zhou, Michael Lisby, and William K. Holloman. "Brh2-Dss1 Interplay Enables Properly Controlled Recombination in Ustilago maydis." Molecular and Cellular Biology 25, no. 7 (2005): 2547–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.25.7.2547-2557.2005.

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ABSTRACT Brh2, the BRCA2 homolog in Ustilago maydis, functions in recombinational repair of DNA damage by regulating Rad51 and is, in turn, regulated by Dss1. Dss1 is not required for Brh2 stability in vivo, nor for Brh2 to associate with Rad51, but is required for formation of green fluorescent protein (GFP)-Rad51 foci following DNA damage by gamma radiation. To understand more about the interplay between Brh2 and Dss1, we isolated mutant variants of Brh2 able to bypass the requirement for Dss1. These variants were found to lack the entire C-terminal DNA-Dss1 binding domain but to maintain th

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11

Chang, Y. C., and W. E. Timberlake. "Identification of Aspergillus brlA response elements (BREs) by genetic selection in yeast." Genetics 133, no. 1 (1993): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/133.1.29.

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Abstract The brlA gene of Aspergillus nidulans plays a central role in controlling conidiophore development. To test the hypothesis that brlA encodes a transcriptional regulator and to identify sites of interaction for the BrlA polypeptide, we expressed brlA in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast) strains containing Aspergillus DNA sequences inserted upstream of a minimal yeast promoter fused to the Escherichia coli lacZ gene. Initially, a DNA fragment from the promoter region of the developmentally regulated rodA gene was tested and shown to mediate brlA-dependent transcriptional activation. Two

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12

Hnilicová, Jarmila, Samira Hozeifi, Eva Stejskalová, et al. "The C-terminal domain of Brd2 is important for chromatin interaction and regulation of transcription and alternative splicing." Molecular Biology of the Cell 24, no. 22 (2013): 3557–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e13-06-0303.

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Brd2 is a member of the bromodomain extra terminal (BET) protein family, which consists of four chromatin-interacting proteins that regulate gene expression. Each BET protein contains two N-terminal bromodomains, which recognize acetylated histones, and the C-terminal protein–protein interaction domain. Using a genome-wide screen, we identify 1450 genes whose transcription is regulated by Brd2. In addition, almost 290 genes change their alternative splicing pattern upon Brd2 depletion. Brd2 is specifically localized at promoters of target genes, and our data show that Brd2 interaction with chr

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13

Adams, T. H., H. Deising, and W. E. Timberlake. "brlA requires both zinc fingers to induce development." Molecular and Cellular Biology 10, no. 4 (1990): 1815–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.10.4.1815.

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Expression of the Aspergillus nidulans brlA gene induces a developmental pathway leading to the production of asexual spores. We have introduced mutations into brlA that are expected to disrupt either or both Cys2-His2 Zn(II) coordination sites postulated to exist in the BrlA polypeptide. The resultant brlA alleles fail to induce either the asexual reproductive pathway or the expression of development-specific genes. These data support the hypothesis that brlA encodes a nucleic acid-binding protein whose activity requires each of two zinc fingers.

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14

Adams, T. H., H. Deising, and W. E. Timberlake. "brlA requires both zinc fingers to induce development." Molecular and Cellular Biology 10, no. 4 (1990): 1815–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.10.4.1815-1817.1990.

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Expression of the Aspergillus nidulans brlA gene induces a developmental pathway leading to the production of asexual spores. We have introduced mutations into brlA that are expected to disrupt either or both Cys2-His2 Zn(II) coordination sites postulated to exist in the BrlA polypeptide. The resultant brlA alleles fail to induce either the asexual reproductive pathway or the expression of development-specific genes. These data support the hypothesis that brlA encodes a nucleic acid-binding protein whose activity requires each of two zinc fingers.

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15

Zhang, Wanlu, Annett Neuner, Diana Rüthnick, et al. "Brr6 and Brl1 locate to nuclear pore complex assembly sites to promote their biogenesis." Journal of Cell Biology 217, no. 3 (2018): 877–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201706024.

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The paralogous Brr6 and Brl1 are conserved integral membrane proteins of the nuclear envelope (NE) with an unclear role in nuclear pore complex (NPC) biogenesis. Here, we analyzed double-degron mutants of Brr6/Brl1 to understand this function. Depletion of Brr6 and Brl1 caused defects in NPC biogenesis, whereas the already assembled NPCs remained unaffected. This NPC biogenesis defect was not accompanied by a change in lipid composition. However, Brl1 interacted with Ndc1 and Nup188 by immunoprecipitation, and with transmembrane and outer and inner ring NPC components by split yellow fluoresce

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16

Saxena, Ashish, Beicong Ma, Laura Schramm, and Nouria Hernandez. "Structure-Function Analysis of the Human TFIIB-Related Factor II Protein Reveals an Essential Role for the C-Terminal Domain in RNA Polymerase III Transcription." Molecular and Cellular Biology 25, no. 21 (2005): 9406–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.25.21.9406-9418.2005.

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ABSTRACT The transcription factors TFIIB, Brf1, and Brf2 share related N-terminal zinc ribbon and core domains. TFIIB bridges RNA polymerase II (Pol II) with the promoter-bound preinitiation complex, whereas Brf1 and Brf2 are involved, as part of activities also containing TBP and Bdp1 and referred to here as Brf1-TFIIIB and Brf2-TFIIIB, in the recruitment of Pol III. Brf1-TFIIIB recruits Pol III to type 1 and 2 promoters and Brf2-TFIIIB to type 3 promoters such as the human U6 promoter. Brf1 and Brf2 both have a C-terminal extension absent in TFIIB, but their C-terminal extensions are unrelat

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17

Hsu, Sarah C., Caroline Bartman, Aaron J. Stonestrom, et al. "The BET Protein BRD2 Cooperates with CTCF to Enforce a Transcriptional Boundary in Erythroid Cells." Blood 128, no. 22 (2016): 1034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v128.22.1034.1034.

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Abstract Pharmacologic inhibitors of the bromodomain and extraterminal motif (BET) family of proteins have shown promise in the treatment of hematologic and other malignancies and are being developed for clinical use. However, BET inhibitors do not discriminate between the family members BRD2, BRD3, and BRD4, and thus the mechanistic basis for their therapeutic efficacy is not well understood. In addition, BRD2 and BRD4 are individually required for the activation of genes driven by the erythroid transcription factor GATA1 (Stonestrom et al., Blood 2015), yet how BRD2 in particular contributes

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18

Blanton, Wanda P., Fangnian Wang, Hongsheng Liu, Paul Romesser, Douglas Faller, and Gerald Denis. "The Dual Bromodomain Protein Brd2 Controls Primary B Cell Mitogenesis and Cell Cycle in Mice Reconstituted with Lentivirus-Transduced HSCs." Blood 112, no. 11 (2008): 2465. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v112.11.2465.2465.

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Abstract Transcriptional control of cellular proliferation and differentiation is critically important in hematopoiesis; specifically, the role of chromatin-dependent regulatory processes in this context is poorly understood. The human BRD2 proto-oncogene encodes a double bromodomain protein that binds to acetylated histone H4 in chromatin and is located within the MHC class II locus, suggesting Brd2 plays a role in immunity. However, BRD2 shares no sequence similarity with other MHC genes, nor is Brd2 involved in antigen processing, but rather it plays a role in mitogenic signal transduction.

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Tian, Yu, Ming Lu, Weiming Yue, et al. "TFIIB-Related Factor 2 Is Associated with Poor Prognosis of Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer Patients through Promoting Tumor Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition." BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/530786.

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In this study, we found that increased BRF2 protein expression was prevalent in NSCLC. Overexpression of BRF2 correlated with abnormal expression of E-cadherin, N-cadherin, and snail. Additionally, expression of BRF2 was found to be an independent prognostic factor in NSCLC patients. Furthermore, we showed that targeted knockdown of BRF2 expression could inhibit the migratory and invasive abilities of NSCLC cells and induced loss of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition of NSCLC cells. These results suggested that BRF2 overexpression in tumor tissues is significantly associated with the poor p

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Rashidieh, Behnam, Maryam Molakarimi, Ammar Mohseni, et al. "Targeting BRF2 in Cancer Using Repurposed Drugs." Cancers 13, no. 15 (2021): 3778. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13153778.

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The overexpression of BRF2, a selective subunit of RNA polymerase III, has been shown to be crucial in the development of several types of cancers, including breast cancer and lung squamous cell carcinoma. Predominantly, BRF2 acts as a central redox-sensing transcription factor (TF) and is involved in rescuing oxidative stress (OS)-induced apoptosis. Here, we showed a novel link between BRF2 and the DNA damage response. Due to the lack of BRF2-specific inhibitors, through virtual screening and molecular dynamics simulation, we identified potential drug candidates that interfere with BRF2-TATA-

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Oskarsson, Marie E., Erik Hermansson, Ye Wang, et al. "BRICHOS domain of Bri2 inhibits islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) fibril formation and toxicity in human beta cells." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 12 (2018): E2752—E2761. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1715951115.

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Aggregation of islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) into amyloid fibrils in islets of Langerhans is associated with type 2 diabetes, and formation of toxic IAPP species is believed to contribute to the loss of insulin-producing beta cells. The BRICHOS domain of integral membrane protein 2B (Bri2), a transmembrane protein expressed in several peripheral tissues and in the brain, has recently been shown to prevent fibril formation and toxicity of Aβ42, an amyloid-forming peptide in Alzheimer disease. In this study, we demonstrate expression of Bri2 in human islets and in the human beta-cell line End

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Hasemann, Marie S., Annette B. Sørensen, Finn S. Pedersen, Claus Nerlov, and Bo Porse. "Retroviral Insertional Mutagenesis Screen in a C/EBPalpha Proliferative Genetic Background." Blood 108, no. 11 (2006): 4342. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v108.11.4342.4342.

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Abstract The CCAAT enhancer binding protein alpha (C/EBPalpha) transcription factor plays a key role in the regulation of growth and differentiation of the granulocytic lineage in the hematopoietic system. Consistently, mice lacking C/EBPalpha have no mature neutrophils and die within a few hours after birth. In contrast, homozygous knockin mice in which the wild type Cebpa allele has been replaced with a mutant allele (BRM2) deficient in repressing the activity of E2F family members, are viable. At 8 weeks of age these animals display myeloid dysplasia with absence of neutrophil granulocytes.

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Poska, Helen, Martin Haslbeck, Firoz Roshan Kurudenkandy та ін. "Dementia-related Bri2 BRICHOS is a versatile molecular chaperone that efficiently inhibits Aβ42 toxicity in Drosophila". Biochemical Journal 473, № 20 (2016): 3683–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bcj20160277.

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Formation of fibrils of the amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) is suggested to play a central role in neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease (AD), for which no effective treatment exists. The BRICHOS domain is a part of several disease-related proproteins, the most studied ones being Bri2 associated with familial dementia and prosurfactant protein C (proSP-C) associated with lung amyloid. BRICHOS from proSP-C has been found to be an efficient inhibitor of Aβ aggregation and toxicity, but its lung-specific expression makes it unsuited to target in AD. Bri2 is expressed in the brain, affects processing of

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Zhou, Qingwen, Milorad Kojic, Zhimin Cao, Michael Lisby, Nayef A. Mazloum, and William K. Holloman. "Dss1 Interaction with Brh2 as a Regulatory Mechanism for Recombinational Repair." Molecular and Cellular Biology 27, no. 7 (2007): 2512–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.01907-06.

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ABSTRACT Brh2, the BRCA2 ortholog in Ustilago maydis, enables recombinational repair of DNA by controlling Rad51 and is in turn regulated by Dss1. Interplay with Rad51 is conducted via the BRC element located in the N-terminal region of the protein and through an unrelated domain, CRE, at the C terminus. Mutation in either BRC or CRE severely reduces functional activity, but repair deficiency of the brh2 mutant can be complemented by expressing BRC and CRE on different molecules. This intermolecular complementation is dependent upon the presence of Dss1. Brh2 molecules associate through the re

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Izumikawa, Keiichi, Hideaki Ishikawa, Harunori Yoshikawa, et al. "LYAR potentiates rRNA synthesis by recruiting BRD2/4 and the MYST-type acetyltransferase KAT7 to rDNA." Nucleic Acids Research 47, no. 19 (2019): 10357–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkz747.

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Abstract Activation of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) synthesis is pivotal during cell growth and proliferation, but its aberrant upregulation may promote tumorigenesis. Here, we demonstrate that the candidate oncoprotein, LYAR, enhances ribosomal DNA (rDNA) transcription. Our data reveal that LYAR binds the histone-associated protein BRD2 without involvement of acetyl-lysine–binding bromodomains and recruits BRD2 to the rDNA promoter and transcribed regions via association with upstream binding factor. We show that BRD2 is required for the recruitment of the MYST-type acetyltransferase KAT7 to rDNA loc

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Thaper, Daksh L., Ravi Munuganti, Shaghayegh Nouruzi, et al. "First-in-field small molecule inhibitors targeting BRN2 as a therapeutic strategy for small cell prostate cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, no. 7_suppl (2019): 260. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2019.37.7_suppl.260.

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260 Background: Resistance to newly developed androgen receptor pathway inhibitors (ARPIs), such as Enzalutamide (ENZ), rapidly emerges and patients generally die within two years. In particular, a subset of patients who relapse following ARPI therapy exhibit lineage switching whereby tumours shed their dependence on AR signaling and emerge with neuroendocrine features. These tumours, termed treatment induced neuroendocrine prostate cancer (t-NEPC), carry an extremely poor prognosis and, to date, treatment remains decades old cytotoxic chemotherapies; therefore, targeted therapies are desperat

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Tan, Cheng, Tatsuya Takayama, Naohisa Takaoka, et al. "Impact of Gender in Renal Cell Carcinoma: The Relationship of FABP7 and BRN2 Expression with Overall Survival." Clinical Medicine Insights: Oncology 8 (January 2014): CMO.S13684. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/cmo.s13684.

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Objective To investigate the relationship between gender differences in fatty acid-binding protein7 (FABP7) and BRN2 (POU class 3 homeobox 2) expression in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and the prognosis of patients with RCC. Materials and Methods immunohistochemical (IHC) staining as well as reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed in renal tissues from 103 patients (83 men, mean age = 63.6 years old; 20 women, mean age = 63.1 years old) underwent radical nephrectomy from January 1, 2001 through December 31, 2010. The probability of overall patient survival was esti

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Schier, Niklas, Ralf Liese, and Reinhard Fischer. "A Pcl-Like Cyclin of Aspergillus nidulans Is Transcriptionally Activated by Developmental Regulators and Is Involved in Sporulation." Molecular and Cellular Biology 21, no. 12 (2001): 4075–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.21.12.4075-4088.2001.

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ABSTRACT The filamentous fungus Aspergillus nidulansreproduces asexually through the formation of spores on a multicellular aerial structure, called a conidiophore. A key regulator of asexual development is the TFIIIA-type zinc finger containing transcriptional activator Bristle (BRLA). Besides BRLA, the transcription factor ABAA, which is located downstream of BRLA in the developmental regulation cascade, is necessary to direct later gene expression during sporulation. We isolated a new developmental mutant and identified a leaky brlA mutation and the mutatedSaccharomyces cerevisiae cyclin ho

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Werner, Michael T., Hongxin Wang, Nicole Hamagami, et al. "Comparative structure-function analysis of bromodomain and extraterminal motif (BET) proteins in a gene-complementation system." Journal of Biological Chemistry 295, no. 7 (2019): 1898–914. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.ra119.010679.

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The widely expressed bromodomain and extraterminal motif (BET) proteins bromodomain-containing protein 2 (BRD2), BRD3, and BRD4 are multifunctional transcriptional regulators that bind acetylated chromatin via their conserved tandem bromodomains. Small molecules that target BET bromodomains are being tested for various diseases but typically do not discern between BET family members. Genomic distributions and protein partners of BET proteins have been described, but the basis for differences in BET protein function within a given lineage remains unclear. By establishing a gene knockout-rescue

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Vester, Karen, Karine F. Santos, Benno Kuropka, Christoph Weise, and Markus C. Wahl. "The inactive C-terminal cassette of the dual-cassette RNA helicase BRR2 both stimulates and inhibits the activity of the N-terminal helicase unit." Journal of Biological Chemistry 295, no. 7 (2019): 2097–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.ra119.010964.

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The RNA helicase bad response to refrigeration 2 homolog (BRR2) is required for the activation of the spliceosome before the first catalytic step of RNA splicing. BRR2 represents a distinct subgroup of Ski2-like nucleic acid helicases whose members comprise tandem helicase cassettes. Only the N-terminal cassette of BRR2 is an active ATPase and can unwind substrate RNAs. The C-terminal cassette represents a pseudoenzyme that can stimulate RNA-related activities of the N-terminal cassette. However, the molecular mechanisms by which the C-terminal cassette modulates the activities of the N-termin

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Kojic, Milorad, Qingwen Zhou, Michael Lisby, and William K. Holloman. "Rec2 Interplay with both Brh2 and Rad51 Balances Recombinational Repair in Ustilago maydis." Molecular and Cellular Biology 26, no. 2 (2006): 678–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.26.2.678-688.2006.

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ABSTRACT Rec2 is the single Rad51 paralog in Ustilago maydis. Here, we find that Rec2 is required for radiation-induced Rad51 nuclear focus formation but that Rec2 foci form independently of Rad51 and Brh2. Brh2 foci also form in the absence of Rad51 and Rec2. By coprecipitation from cleared extracts prepared from Escherichia coli cells expressing the proteins, we found that Rec2 interacts physically not only with Rad51 and itself but also with Brh2. Transgenic expression of Brh2 in rec2 mutants can effectively restore radiation resistance, but the frequencies of spontaneous Rad51 focus format

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Wang, Fangnian, Hongsheng Liu, Wanda P. Blanton, Anna Belkina, Nathan K. Lebrasseur, and Gerald V. Denis. "Brd2 disruption in mice causes severe obesity without Type 2 diabetes." Biochemical Journal 425, no. 1 (2009): 71–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20090928.

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Certain human subpopulations are metabolically healthy but obese, or metabolically obese but normal weight; such mutations uncouple obesity from glucose intolerance, revealing pathways implicated in Type 2 diabetes. Current searches for relevant genes consume significant effort. We have reported previously a novel double bromodomain protein called Brd2, which is a transcriptional co-activator/co-repressor with SWI/SNF (switch mating type/sucrose non-fermenting)-like functions that regulates chromatin. In the present study, we show that wholebody disruption of Brd2, an unusual MHC gene, causes

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Absmeier, Eva, Leonie Rosenberger, Luise Apelt, et al. "A noncanonical PWI domain in the N-terminal helicase-associated region of the spliceosomal Brr2 protein." Acta Crystallographica Section D Biological Crystallography 71, no. 4 (2015): 762–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1399004715001005.

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The spliceosomal RNA helicase Brr2 is required for the assembly of a catalytically active spliceosome on a messenger RNA precursor. Brr2 exhibits an unusual organization with tandem helicase units, each comprising dual RecA-like domains and a Sec63 homology unit, preceded by a more than 400-residue N-terminal helicase-associated region. Whereas recent crystal structures have provided insights into the molecular architecture and regulation of the Brr2 helicase region, little is known about the structural organization and function of its N-terminal part. Here, a near-atomic resolution crystal st

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Stonestrom, Aaron J., Sarah C. Hsu, Kristen S. Jahn, et al. "Functions of BET proteins in erythroid gene expression." Blood 125, no. 18 (2015): 2825–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2014-10-607309.

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Key Points BETs promote GATA1 chromatin occupancy and subsequently activate transcription; they are generally not required for repression. BRD2 and BRD4 are essential for full GATA1 activity whereas BRD3 function overlaps with BRD2.

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Mozaffari-Jovin, Sina, Traudy Wandersleben, Karine F. Santos, Cindy L. Will, Reinhard Lührmann, and Markus C. Wahl. "Inhibition of RNA Helicase Brr2 by the C-Terminal Tail of the Spliceosomal Protein Prp8." Science 341, no. 6141 (2013): 80–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1237515.

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The Ski2-like RNA helicase Brr2 is a core component of the spliceosome that must be tightly regulated to ensure correct timing of spliceosome activation. Little is known about mechanisms of regulation of Ski2-like helicases by protein cofactors. Here we show by crystal structure and biochemical analyses that the Prp8 protein, a major regulator of the spliceosome, can insert its C-terminal tail into Brr2’s RNA-binding tunnel, thereby intermittently blocking Brr2’s RNA-binding, adenosine triphosphatase, and U4/U6 unwinding activities. Inefficient Brr2 repression is the only recognizable phenotyp

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Kawamura, Chie, Takashi Tsujimoto, and Takashi Tsuge. "Targeted Disruption of a Melanin Biosynthesis Gene Affects Conidial Development and UV Tolerance in the Japanese Pear Pathotype of Alternaria alternata." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 12, no. 1 (1999): 59–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi.1999.12.1.59.

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Structural analysis of the BRM2 gene involved in melanin biosynthesis of the Japanese pear pathotype of Alternaria alternata suggested that this gene encodes 1,3,8-trihydroxynaphthalene reductase. Targeted disruption of the BRM2 gene did not affect pathogenicity, vegetative growth, or the number of conidia produced. Targeted disruption, however, did reduce conidial size and septal number, suggesting that melanin is associated with conidial development. The conidia of brm2 mutant transformants were more sensitive to UV light than those of the wild type, demonstrating that melanin confers UV tol

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Caputo, Valentina S., Nikolaos Trasanidis, Xiaolin Xiao, et al. "Myc and Bet Proteins Orchestrate the Early Regulatory Genome Changes Required for Osteoclast Lineage Commitment." Blood 134, Supplement_1 (2019): 4329. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2019-125047.

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BACKGROUND: Bone disease, a common source of morbidity in multiple myeloma (MM), is caused by RANKL-induced aberrant activation of osteoclasts (OC). RANKL-induced OC lineage commitment requires repression of an Irf-8 dependent macrophage inflammatory transcriptional programme commensurate with activation of an OC lineage-specific programme. Functional data have shown the requirement for the histone acetylation readers Brd2-4 BET proteins and of cMyc for OC lineage development. However, how Brd2-4 and Myc co-operate genome-wide to regulate transcriptome changes that underpin the very early stag

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Theuser, Matthias, Claudia Höbartner, Markus C. Wahl, and Karine F. Santos. "Substrate-assisted mechanism of RNP disruption by the spliceosomal Brr2 RNA helicase." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 28 (2016): 7798–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1524616113.

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The Brr2 RNA helicase disrupts the U4/U6 di-small nuclear RNA–protein complex (di-snRNP) during spliceosome activation via ATP-driven translocation on the U4 snRNA strand. However, it is unclear how bound proteins influence U4/U6 unwinding, which regions of the U4/U6 duplex the helicase actively unwinds, and whether U4/U6 components are released as individual molecules or as subcomplexes. Here, we set up a recombinant Brr2-mediated U4/U6 di-snRNP disruption system, showing that sequential addition of the U4/U6 proteins small nuclear ribonucleoprotein-associated protein 1 (Snu13), pre-mRNA proc

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Shen, Hongtao, Jing Li, Xiujie Xie, et al. "BRD2 regulation of sigma-2 receptor upon cholesterol deprivation." Life Science Alliance 4, no. 1 (2020): e201900540. http://dx.doi.org/10.26508/lsa.201900540.

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The sigma-2 receptor (S2R) has long been pharmacologically targeted for antipsychotic treatment and tumor imaging. Only recently was it known for its coding gene and for its role implicated in cholesterol homeostasis. Here, we have investigated the transcriptional control of S2R by the Bromo/ExtraTerminal epigenetic reader family (BETs, including BRD2, 3, and 4) upon cholesterol perturbation. Cholesterol deprivation was induced in ARPE19 cells using a blocker of lysosomal cholesterol export. This condition up-regulated S2R mRNA and protein, and also SREBP2 but not SREBP1, both transcription fa

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Deshmukh, Prashant, Shruti Mathur, Gejo Gangadharan, Gopinatha Krishnappa, Nandakumar Dalavaikodihalli Nanjaiah, and Balasundaram Padmanabhan. "Novel pyrano 1,3 oxazine based ligand inhibits the epigenetic reader hBRD2 in glioblastoma." Biochemical Journal 477, no. 12 (2020): 2263–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bcj20200339.

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Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary brain malignancy, rarely amenable to treatment with a high recurrence rate. GBM are prone to develop resistance to the current repertoire of drugs, including the first-line chemotherapeutic agents with frequent recurrence, limiting therapeutic success. Recent clinical data has evidenced the BRD2 and BRD4 of the BET family proteins as the new druggable targets against GBM. In this relevance, we have discovered a compound (pyrano 1,3 oxazine derivative; NSC 328111; NS5) as an inhibitor of hBRD2 by the rational structure-based approach. The crystal st

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Busby, Tina M., Karen Y. Miller, and Bruce L. Miller. "Suppression and Enhancement of the Aspergillus nidulans medusa Mutation by Altered Dosage of the bristle and stunted Genes." Genetics 143, no. 1 (1996): 155–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/143.1.155.

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Abstract Asexual reproduction in Aspergillus nidulans is characterized by the orderly differentiation of multicellular reproductive structures (conidiophores) and chains of uninucleate conidia (spores). Mutations in the developmental modifier medusa (medA) result in aberrant conidiophores with branching chains of reiterated reproductive cells (metulae), delayed conidial differentiation and frequent reinitiation of secondary conidiophores. We show that incorrect morphology is in part a consequence of modified bristle (brlA) and abacus (abaA) expression, key regulators of the core genetic pathwa

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Li, Yanfang, Ki-Eun Park, and Ryan A. Cabot. "Dynamic changes in nuclear import of a nuclear localisation signal-bearing substrate in 8-cell stage porcine embryos." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 27, no. 2 (2015): 385. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd13205.

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Coordinated intracellular trafficking is critically important for proper timing of major cellular events during embryogenesis. Nuclear import mediated by the karyopherin α/β (importin α/β) heterodimer is perhaps the best characterised nuclear trafficking system in eukaryotic cells. Seven karyopherin α subtypes have been identified in the domestic pig, and although each karyopherin α subtype transports proteins bearing classical nuclear localisation signals (NLSs), individual karyopherin α subtypes have been shown to preferentially transport specific cargoes. The aim of the present study was to

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Greenwald, Rebecca J., Joseph R. Tumang, Anupama Sinha та ін. "Eμ-BRD2 transgenic mice develop B-cell lymphoma and leukemia". Blood 103, № 4 (2004): 1475–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2003-06-2116.

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Abstract Transgenic mice with lymphoid-restricted overexpression of the double bromodomain protein bromodomain-containing 2 (Brd2) develop splenic B-cell lymphoma and, upon transplantation, B-cell leukemia with leukemic infiltrates in liver and lung. Brd2 is a nuclear-localized transcription factor kinase that is most closely related to TATA box binding protein–associated factor, 250 kDa (TAFII250) and the Drosophila developmental protein female sterile homeotic. Constitutive expression of BRD2 in the lymphoid compartment increases cyclin A transcription, “priming” transgenic B cells for proli

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Jahnke, Mareike C., and Ekkehardt Hahn. "Platinum Complexes with Picoline-functionalized Benzimidazolin-2-ylidene Ligands." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 65, no. 3 (2010): 341–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-2010-0318.

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The dicarbene platinum complexes of the type [Pt(L)2]Br2 [5]Br2 - [8]Br2 (L = N-alkyl-N´- picolylbenzimidazolin-2-ylidene) have been prepared by two different methods. The in situ deprotonation of picoline-functionalized benzimidazolium salts 1 - 4 with platinum acetylacetonate gave the platinum complexes [5]Br2 - [8]Br2 in good yields. Complex [8]Br2 has also been obtained by a ligand transfer reaction from the silver dicarbene complex [9][AgBr2]. Attempts to cystallize [8]Br2 obtained from the carbene transfer reaction led to the isolation of the previously undetected monocarbene complex [Pt

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Shilkina, O. S., N. A. Shnayder, S. N. Zobova, D. V. Dmitrenko, and P. V. Moskaleva. "Association of the carriage of BRD2 rs206787 and rs516535 and GJD2 rs3743123 polymorphisms with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy in Caucasian patients of Siberia." Neurology, Neuropsychiatry, Psychosomatics 11, no. 4 (2019): 61–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.14412/2074-2711-2019-4-61-67.

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In recent years, the genetics of juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) has been actively studied; the association of JME with the carriage of polymorphic allelic variants of the BRD2 (EJM3 locus) and GJD2 (EJM2 locus) genes has been established. Objective: to establish risk factors for JME in terms of a genetic predisposition; specifically, polymorphic allelic variants rs206787 and rs516535 in the BRD2 gene and rs3743123 in the GJD2 gene. Patients and methods: Examinations were made in 79 patients with JME and in 150 healthy volunteers, who were Caucasian and resided in the Siberian Federal Distri

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Ottinger, Matthias, Daniel Pliquet, Thomas Christalla, Ronald Frank, James P. Stewart, and Thomas F. Schulz. "The Interaction of the Gammaherpesvirus 68 orf73 Protein with Cellular BET Proteins Affects the Activation of Cell Cycle Promoters." Journal of Virology 83, no. 9 (2009): 4423–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.02274-08.

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ABSTRACT Infection of mice with murine gammaherpesvirus 68 (MHV-68) provides a valuable animal model for gamma-2 herpesvirus (rhadinovirus) infection and pathogenesis. The MHV-68 orf73 protein has been shown to be required for the establishment of viral latency in vivo. This study describes a novel transcriptional activation function of the MHV-68 orf73 protein and identifies the cellular bromodomain containing BET proteins Brd2/RING3, Brd3/ORFX, and BRD4 as interaction partners for the MHV-68 orf73 protein. BET protein members are known to interact with acetylated histones, and Brd2 and Brd4

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Martin, Lucas, Regina Fluhrer, Karina Reiss, Elisabeth Kremmer, Paul Saftig, and Christian Haass. "Regulated Intramembrane Proteolysis of Bri2 (Itm2b) by ADAM10 and SPPL2a/SPPL2b." Journal of Biological Chemistry 283, no. 3 (2007): 1644–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m706661200.

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Presenilin, the catalytic component of the γ-secretase complex, type IV prepilin peptidases, and signal peptide peptidase (SPP) are the founding members of the family of intramembrane-cleaving GXGD aspartyl proteases. SPP-like (SPPL) proteases, such as SPPL2a, SPPL2b, SPPL2c, and SPPL3, also belong to the GXGD family. In contrast to γ-secretase, for which numerous substrates have been identified, very few in vivo substrates are known for SPP and SPPLs. Here we demonstrate that Bri2 (Itm2b), a type II-oriented transmembrane protein associated with familial British and Danish dementia, undergoes

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Hasemann, Marie S., Inge Damgaard, Mikkel B. Schuster та ін. "Mutation of C/EBPα predisposes to the development of myeloid leukemia in a retroviral insertional mutagenesis screen". Blood 111, № 8 (2008): 4309–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2007-06-097790.

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Abstract The CCAAT enhancer binding protein α (C/EBPα) is an important myeloid tumor suppressor that is frequently mutated in human acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We have previously shown that mice homozygous for the E2F repression–deficient CebpaBRM2 allele develop nonfatal AML with long latency and incomplete penetrance, suggesting that accumulation of secondary mutations is necessary for disease progression. Here, we use SRS19-6–driven retroviral insertional mutagenesis to compare the phenotypes of leukemias arising in Cebpa+/+, Cebpa+/BRM2, and CebpaBRM2/BRM2 mice, with respect to disease t

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Lenburg, Marc E., Anupama Sinha, Douglas V. Faller, and Gerald V. Denis. "Tumor-specific and Proliferation-specific Gene Expression Typifies Murine Transgenic B Cell Lymphomagenesis." Journal of Biological Chemistry 282, no. 7 (2006): 4803–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m605870200.

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The dual bromodomain protein Brd2 is closely related to the basal transcription factor TAFII250, which is essential for cyclin A transactivation and mammalian cell cycle progression. In transgenic mice, constitutive lymphoid expression of Brd2 causes a malignancy most similar to human diffuse large B cell lymphoma. We compare the genome-wide transcriptional expression profiles of these lymphomas with those of proliferating and resting normal B cells. Transgenic tumors reproducibly show differential expression of a large number of genes important for cell cycle control and lymphocyte biology; e

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Septiani, Eka Lutfi, Azmi Alvian Gabriel, Okky Putri Prastuti, et al. "Correlation of Extract Composition on Antioxidant Activity of Electrospun PolyvinylPyrrolidone/Bassela rubra linn Leaf Extract Composite." Key Engineering Materials 851 (July 2020): 122–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.851.122.

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Nanofiber through electrospinning process has been developed as a promising material for wound dressing due to its large porosity and high surface area. This characteristic of nanofiber provides an adequate gas permeability surrounding the wound which prevents the healing failure. The best wound dressing not only maintain a wound to have a good gas permeability but also to have an active agent giving an antibacterial and antiinflammation property. This research aims to combine a synthetic polymer and active agent, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and Bassela rubra linn leaf extract (BRLE), become na

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