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Journal articles on the topic 'Broadacre cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 19 February 2023

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1

Pendergast, L., S. P. Bhattarai, and D. J. Midmore. "Benefits of oxygation of subsurface drip-irrigation water for cotton in a Vertosol." Crop and Pasture Science 64, no. 12 (2013): 1171. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp13348.

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Australian cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is predominantly grown on heavy clay soils (Vertosols). Cotton grown on Vertosols often experiences episodes of low oxygen concentration in the root-zone, particularly after irrigation events. In subsurface drip-irrigation (SDI), cotton receives frequent irrigation and sustained wetting fronts are developed in the rhizosphere. This can lead to poor soil diffusion of oxygen, causing temporal and spatial hypoxia. As cotton is sensitive to waterlogging, exposure to this condition can result in a significant yield penalty. Use of aerated water for drip irrigation (‘oxygation’) can ameliorate hypoxia in the wetting front and, therefore, overcome the negative effects of poor soil aeration. The efficacy of oxygation, delivered via SDI to broadacre cotton, was evaluated over seven seasons (2005–06 to 2012–13). Oxygation of irrigation water by Mazzei air-injector produced significantly (P < 0.001) higher yields (200.3 v. 182.7 g m–2) and water-use efficiencies. Averaged over seven years, the yield and gross production water-use index of oxygated cotton exceeded that of the control by 10% and 7%, respectively. The improvements in yields and water-use efficiency in response to oxygation could be ascribed to greater root development and increased light interception by the crop canopies, contributing to enhanced crop physiological performance by ameliorating exposure to hypoxia. Oxygation of SDI contributed to improvements in both yields and water-use efficiency, which may contribute to greater economic feasibility of SDI for broadacre cotton production in Vertosols.

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2

Bell, M., N. Seymour, G. R. Stirling, A. M. Stirling, L. Van Zwieten, T. Vancov, G. Sutton, and P. Moody. "Impacts of management on soil biota in Vertosols supporting the broadacre grains industry in northern Australia." Soil Research 44, no. 4 (2006): 433. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr05137.

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The grain-producing regions of northern New South Wales and southern and central Queensland are characterised by cropping systems that are strongly dependent on stored soil moisture rather than in-crop rainfall, and tillage systems that are increasingly reliant on zero or minimum tillage. Crops are grown relatively infrequently and crop rotations are dominated by winter and summer grains (wheat [Triticum aestivum L.] and sorghum [Sorghum bicolor L. Moench], respectively), with smaller areas of grain legumes and cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). The grey, black, and brown Vertosols represent the more productive soils in the region under rainfed cropping, and are the focus of work reported in this study. Soil samples were collected from surface soils (0–0.30 m) across the region, utilising sites of long term tillage and residue management studies, fertiliser trials, and commercial fields to enable an assessment of the impact of various management practices on soil biological properties. A number of biological and biochemical parameters were measured (microbial biomass C, total organic C and labile C fractions, total C and N, microbial activity using FDA, cellulase activity, free living nematodes, total DNA and fatty acid profiles), and the response of wheat, sorghum, and chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) to steam pasteurisation was assessed in glasshouse bioassays. The objective was to obtain an indication of the biological status of grain-growing soils and assess the impact of biological constraints in soils from different regions and management systems. Results showed that biological activity in cropped soils was consistently low relative to other land uses in northern Australia, with management practices like stubble retention and adoption of zero tillage producing relatively small benefits. In the case of zero tillage, many of these benefits were confined to the top 0.05 m of the soil profile. Fallowing to recharge soil moisture reserves significantly reduced all soil biological parameters, while pasture leys produced consistent positive benefits. Breaking a long fallow with a short duration grain or brown manure crop significantly moderated the negative effects of a long bare fallow on soil biology. Use of inorganic N and P fertilisers produced minimal effects on soil biota, with the exception of one component of the free-living nematode community (the Dorylaimida). The glasshouse bioassays provided consistent evidence that soil biota were constraining growth of both grain crops (sorghum and wheat) but not the grain legume (chickpea). The biota associated with this constraint have not yet been identified, but effects were consistent across the region and were not associated with the presence of any known pathogen or correlated with any of the measured soil biological or biochemical properties. Further work to confirm the existence and significance of these constraints under field conditions is needed. None of the measured biological or biochemical parameters consistently changed in response to management practices, while conflicting conclusions could sometimes be drawn from different measurements on the same soil sample. This highlights the need for further work on diagnostic tools to quantify soil biological communities, and suggests there is no clear link between measured changes in soil biological communities and economically or ecologically important soil attributes.

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3

Iqbal, Muhammad, Mueen Alam Khan, Waqas Shafqat Chattha, Khalid Abdullah, and Asif Majeed. "Comparative evaluation of Gossypium arboreum L. and Gossypium hirsutum L. genotypes for drought tolerance." Plant Genetic Resources: Characterization and Utilization 17, no. 6 (November 15, 2019): 506–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479262119000340.

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AbstractDrought stress negatively affects the cotton production all over the world. The negative impact of drought varies for different species due to some morphological and root attributes that help some species to better stand under drought. But the extent of disturbance varies for different cotton species. To find out such variation, two cotton species (Gossypium hirsutum and Gossypium arboreum) were studied under normal and drought conditions for 2 years. Two genotypes for each species were included, i.e. PC-1 and COMILLA (G. arboreum) and IUB-13 and IUB-65 (G. hirsutum). The experiment was laid out under a completely randomized design following factorial arrangement. Genotype × treatment × year interaction of cotton genotypes was studied for different root, morphological, physiological and fibre-related traits. Traits such as above ground dry biomass, above ground fresh biomass, chlorophyll contents, leaf area, seed cotton yield, sympodial branches/plant, fibre strength and ginning out-turn were higher in G. hirsutum genotypes as compared to G. arboreum genotypes. However less reduction under drought in all above mentioned traits was recorded for G. arboreum, than G. hirsutum. Furthermore, root traits; primary root length, lateral root numbers, root fresh weight and root dry weight were enriched under drought condition in G. arboreum genotypes than in G. hirsutum genotypes, which is a clear manifestation of higher drought tolerance ability in G. arboreum genotypes transferrable to G. hirsutum genotypes through interspecific crossing or other means.

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4

., Saghir Ahmad, Noor-ul-Islam Khan ., Muhammad Zaffar Iqba ., Altaf Hussain ., and Mahmudul Hassan . "Salt Tolerance of Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)." Asian Journal of Plant Sciences 1, no. 6 (October 15, 2002): 715–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ajps.2002.715.719.

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5

Xanthopoulos, F. P., and U. E. Kechagia. "Natural crossing in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 51, no. 8 (2000): 979. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar00026.

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The extent of natural crossing in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) was studied in 2 experiments conducted in Greece during 1998 and 1999, using glandless and red-leaf traits as genetic markers. The glandless line was planted in the middle, and the red-leaf both in the middle and the corners, of a commercial cotton field. In the first experiment where estimation of natural crossing was based upon gland status, the percentage ranged from 1.67% to 2.67% in adjacent rows, dropped to 1.42% in plants 2 m apart, and declined to almost zero after 10 m. In the second experiment, where the red-leaf marker gene was used, the mean of natural crossing was 3.85% in adjacent rows, fell to 2.79% in plants 2 m apart, and progressively diminished to 0.31% after 10 m. The mean natural outcrossing in different rows was almost the same in both experiments at the middle of the field and was actually double at the corners. Differences in the extent of natural crossing between the middle and the corners of the field continued to be significant up to 4 m distance. In all cases, distances greater than 10 m among cottons were sufficient to minimise out-crossing ranges.

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6

Umbeck, Paul, Gail Johnson, Ken Barton, and Will Swain. "Genetically Transformed Cotton (Gossypium Hirsutum L.) Plants." Bio/Technology 5, no. 3 (March 1987): 263–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nbt0387-263.

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7

Edreva, A., A. Gurel, E. Gesheva, and H. Hakerlerler. "Reddening of Cotton (Gossypium Hirsutum L.) Leaves." Biologia plantarum 45, no. 2 (June 1, 2002): 303–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/a:1015121428714.

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8

Hosseini, Gholamhossein, and Ratnakar J. Thengane. "Salinity Tolerance in Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Genotypes." International Journal of Botany 3, no. 1 (December 15, 2006): 48–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ijb.2007.48.55.

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9

Tyagi, A. P. "Zymographic Patterns in Upland Cotton (Gossypium Hirsutum L.)." East African Agricultural and Forestry Journal 54, no. 1-2 (July 1988): 71–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00128325.1988.11663552.

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10

Constable, G. A., and M. P. Bange. "The yield potential of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)." Field Crops Research 182 (October 2015): 98–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2015.07.017.

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11

May, O. Lloyd. "Quality Improvement of Upland Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)." Journal of Crop Production 5, no. 1-2 (January 2002): 371–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j144v05n01_15.

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12

Bucheli, P., M. D�rr, A. J. Buchala, and H. Meier. "?-Glucanases in developing cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) fibres." Planta 166, no. 4 (December 1985): 530–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00391278.

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13

Zhu, Shengwei, and Jingsan Sun. "Rapid plant regeneration from cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)." Chinese Science Bulletin 45, no. 19 (October 2000): 1771–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02886264.

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14

Charles, GW. "Nutgrass (Cyperus rotundus L.) control in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 35, no. 5 (1995): 633. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9950633.

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The effects on cotton lint yield and nutgrass tuber density of 12 treatment combinations were examined. Treatments included preplant norflurazon and benfuresate, in-crop cultivation, glyphosate and MSMA, and post-harvest glyphosate. The effects on tuber density of a further 14 treatment combinations of cultivation, MSMA, glyphosate, and norflurazon were examined in fallow. Under a traditional nutgrass control program of in-cotton cultivation and MSMA, nutgrass tuber density (no./m2) increased from 216 (0-0.15 m soil core) in 1990 to 1112 in 1992, with an average cotton yield of 1239 kg lint/ha. This result compared well with the untreated control, where the tuber density increased to 1641 tubers/m2 in 1992, with an average lint yield of 959 kg /ha. The best treatment was a combination of norflurazon, benfuresate, glyphosate, and cultivation, resulting in a tuber density of 220 tubers/m2 in 1992 and an average lint yield of 1217 kg/ha. Repeated applications of glyphosate in fallow effectively controlled nutgrass, with incremental improvements in control from additional glyphosate applications. Monthly glyphosate ap lications reduced the tuber density from 334 tubers/m in 1990 to 47 in 1992 at one site, and from 334 tubers/m2 in 1990 to 50 in 1992 on a second site. Overall, the results showed that traditional nutgrass control techniques were unsatisfactory, but repeated glyphosate applications gave effective nutgrass control both in cotton and in fallow.

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15

Li, Ruzhong, David M. Stelly, and Norma L. Trolinder. "Cytogenetic abnormalities in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cell cultures." Genome 32, no. 6 (December 1, 1989): 1128–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g89-566.

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High frequencies of somaclonal phenotypic and cytogenetic variation have been observed previously among regenerants from cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L., 2n = 4x = 52). In this study we endeavored to determine if cytogenetic abnormalities would be detectable in cotton cell cultures and if so, whether or not the observed abnormalities would parallel those expected on the basis of previous cytogenetic analyses of cotton somaclones. Paired samples from suspension cultures established from 21-month-old 'Coker 312' and 8-month-old 'Coker 315' calli were pretreated or not pretreated with colchicine to detect cytogenetic abnormalities at metaphase or anaphase–telophase, respectively. Cell cultures established from both calli were found to vary in chromosome number. Hypoaneuploidy was common, but hyperaneuploidy and polyploidy were rare. Modal chromosome numbers for the 'Coker 312' and 'Coker 315' cultures were 46 and 50, respectively. Bridges at anaphase and telophase were frequent in the 'Coker 312' cultures but rare in the 'Coker 315'cultures. Cytogenetic differences between the cultures could be due to effects of culture age, genotype, their interaction, or other factors. Very small chromosomes, presumably centric fragments, as well as ring chromosomes and putative bridges between metaphase chromosomes occurred at low frequencies. The prevalence of hypoaneuploidy and rarity of hyperaneuploidy and polyploidy in cultures paralleled previous results on cotton somaclones, indicating that cytogenetic abnormalities arising in vitro probably contribute significantly to cotton somaclonal variation. The occurrence of hypoaneuploidy and bridges, including multiple bridges within single cells, is concordant with the hypothesis that breakage–fusion–bridge cycles may accumulate during in vitro culture of cotton.Key words: cotton, Gossypium, tissue culture, cytogenetics.

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16

Mari, Muhammad Junaid, Abdul Wahid Baloch, Shah Nawaz Mari, Liaquat Ali Bhutto, Naila Gandahi, and Amanullah Mari. "Assessment of genetic variability in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) genotypes." Volume 5 Issue 1, Volume 5 Issue 1 (June 30, 2022): 103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.34091/ajls.5.1.10.

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The selection of high-yielding cotton lines is critical for the evaluation of phenotypic characteristics. For Cotton Breeders, it is always in preference to select desirable genotypes, based on the diversified characters from the available germplasm. The selected phenotypic diversity can be useful for aiding information in parental selection, adherence to this, a set of 12 advanced cotton lines were evaluated for genetic diversity at Cotton Research Institute, Tandojam during Kharif season in the year of 2020. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications while seven agronomical traits, were included in the experiment. The mean square of genotypes, was differed significantly (P<0.05) for all studied traits, representing that genetic diversity exists in these cotton germplasms and can be used in further utilization. Considering the agronomic performance, the genotype of B-2 was on the top in average values including plant height (174.40 cm), bolls plant-1 (42.067), seed cotton yield plant-1(139.34 g), GOT% (37.800%), and staple length (28.00 mm), hence indicating its valuable breeding resources for future cotton breeding. A Genetic Distance of 92.683 was found between B5 and B2 genotypes, which is high enough, and revealing that this pair may be used in a hybridization program for vigorous hybrid production and better selection in subsequent generations. The Variance Percentages for the first, second, and third principal components were 42.70, 23.10, and 17.20, respectively. The first three components contributed 83.00 percent of the variation for genotypes, which is high enough for the cotton crop improvements. The cotton genotypes, were divided into three categories, based on phenotypic data. The number of groups obtained, might be beneficial in generating cotton genotypes with a variety of characteristics and diversifying the Cotton Gene Pool. Keywords: cotton, genetic variations, morphological traits, seed yield.

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17

Naik, B. Mansingh, Y. Satish, and D. Ratna Babu. "Genetic diversity analysis in American cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)." Electronic Journal of Plant Breeding 7, no. 4 (2016): 1002. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0975-928x.2016.00137.x.

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18

Pachamuthu, Ayyadurai, Poonguzhalan Ramadoos, and Sathya Priya Ramalingam. "Weed Interference in Zero-Till Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)." OALib 01, no. 06 (2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1100927.

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19

Chaudhry, Aman Ullah, and M. Sarwar . "Optimization of Nitrogen Fertilization in Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)." Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 2, no. 1 (December 15, 1998): 242–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.1999.242.243.

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20

., Naqib Ullah Khan, Sana Ullah Khan ., Gul Hassan ., Inayat Hussain Shah ., and Qayum Nawaz . "Studies on Weed Control in Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)." Journal of Biological Sciences 1, no. 3 (February 15, 2001): 143–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/jbs.2001.143.144.

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21

Finer, John J., and Michael D. McMullen. "Transformation of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) via particle bombardment." Plant Cell Reports 8, no. 10 (March 1990): 586–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00270059.

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22

Keyte, Anna L., Ryan Percifield, Bao Liu, and Jonathan F. Wendel. "Infraspecific DNA Methylation Polymorphism in Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)." Journal of Heredity 97, no. 5 (September 1, 2006): 444–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jhered/esl023.

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23

Taliercio, Earl, Jodi Scheffler, and Brian Scheffler. "Characterization of two cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L) invertase genes." Molecular Biology Reports 37, no. 8 (March 19, 2010): 3915–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11033-010-0048-8.

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24

Kunce, C. M., R. N. Trelease, and R. B. Turley. "Purification and biosynthesis of cottonseed (Gossypium hirsutum L.) catalase." Biochemical Journal 251, no. 1 (April 1, 1988): 147–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2510147.

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As part of our research on peroxisome biogenesis, catalase was purified from cotyledons of dark-grown cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) seedlings and monospecific antibodies were raised in rabbits. Purified catalase appeared as three distinct electrophoretic forms in non-denaturing gels and as a single protein band (with a subunit Mr of 57,000) on silver-stained SDS/polyacrylamide gels. Western blots of crude extracts and isolated peroxisomes from cotton revealed one immunoreactive polypeptide with the same Mr (57,000) as the purified enzyme, indicating that catalase did not undergo any detectable change in Mr during purification. Synthesis in vitro, directed by polyadenylated RNA isolated from either maturing seeds or cotyledons of dark-grown cotton seedlings, revealed a predominant immunoreactive translation product with a subunit Mr of 57,000 and an additional minor immunoreactive product with a subunit Mr of 64000. Labelling studies in vivo revealed newly synthesized monomers of both the 64000- and 57,000-Mr proteins present in the cytosol and incorporation of both proteins into the peroxisome without proteolytic processing. Within the peroxisome, the 57,000-Mr catalase was found as an 11S tetramer; whereas the 64,000-Mr protein was found as a relatively long-lived 20S aggregate (native Mr approx. 600,000-800,000). The results strongly indicate that the 64,000-Mr protein (catalase?) is not a precursor to the 57,000-Mr catalase and that cotton catalase is translated on cytosolic ribosomes without a cleavable transit or signal sequence.

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25

Yin, Xiaomin, Rulin Zhan, Yingdui He, Shun Song, Lixia Wang, Yu Ge, and Di Chen. "Morphological description of a novel synthetic allotetraploid(A1A1G3G3) of Gossypium herbaceum L.and G.nelsonii Fryx. suitable for disease-resistant breeding applications." PLOS ONE 15, no. 12 (December 3, 2020): e0242620. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0242620.

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Wild species of Gossypium ssp. are an important source of traits for improving commercial cotton cultivars. Previous reports show that Gossypium herbaceum L. and Gossypium nelsonii Fryx. have better disease resistance characteristics than commercial cotton varieties. However, chromosome ploidy and biological isolation make it difficult to hybridize diploid species with the tetraploid Gossypium hirsutum L. We developed a new allotetraploid cotton genotype (A1A1G3G3) using a process of distant hybridization within wild cotton species to create new germplasms. First of all, G. herbaceum and G. nelsonii were used for interspecific hybridization to obtain F1 generation. Afterwards, apical meristems of the F1 diploid cotton plants were treated with colchicine to induce chromosome doubling. The new interspecific F1 hybrid and S1 cotton plants originated from chromosome duplication, were tested via morphological and molecular markers and confirmed their tetraploidy through flowrometric and cytological identification. The S1 tetraploid cotton plants was crossed with a TM-1 line and fertile hybrid offspring were obtained. These S2 offsprings were tested for resistance to Verticillium wilt and demonstrated adequate tolerance to this fungi. The results shows that the new S1 cotton line could be used as parental material for hybridization with G. hirsutum to produce pathogen-resistant cotton hybrids. This new S1 allotetraploid genotype will contributes to the enrichment of Gossypium germplasm resources and is expected to be valuable in polyploidy evolutionary studies.

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26

YUAN, S. N., W. MALIK, N. BIBI, G. J. WEN, M. NI, and X. D. WANG. "Modulation of morphological and biochemical traits using heterosis breeding in coloured cotton." Journal of Agricultural Science 151, no. 1 (March 12, 2012): 57–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859612000172.

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SUMMARYHeterosis breeding is a potential tool for developing coloured cotton hybrids, having good fibre yield and quality. The objective of the present study was to explore the extent of heterosis breeding for the modulation of fibre quality and biochemical traits during fibre development. The performance of 10 interspecific (Gossypium hirsutum L.×Gossypium barbadense L.) and four intraspecific (Gossypium hirsutum L.×Gossypium hirsutum L.) F1 coloured cotton hybrids and their parents was assessed under field conditions in 2008/9. Two interspecific, two intraspecific F1 coloured cotton hybrids and their parents were used to examine the role and changes in the amount of different biochemicals during the different stages of fibre development (2009). Among hybrids, interspecific brown cotton hybrids (ZUC × ZUA) and interspecific green cotton hybrids (ZUF × ZUA) showed high amounts of useful heterosis for yield, yield components and fibre quality attributes. Analysis of various biochemicals depicted a decline in fibre pH value and flavonoid contents among all hybrids and their parents, with maximum decrease in interspecific hybrids (ZUC × ZUA and ZUF × ZUA) at 15 days post anthesis (DPA). Similarly, a significant increase in the amount of cellulose, glucose and fructose was observed in all genotypes. However, the magnitude of increase was greatest in interspecific coloured cotton hybrids as compared to their parents and intraspecific hybrids. The negative correlation of fibre pH with flavonoid contents and the positive correlation of carbohydrates with cellulose contents (particularly at 15 DPA) suggested the significance of these biochemicals controlling fibre quality. In conclusion, heterosis breeding can be efficiently utilized to develop high-quality coloured cotton hybrids by modulating the synthesis of different biochemicals associated with fibre development and its quality.

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Shazadee, Hamna, Nadeem Khan, Jingjing Wang, Chencan Wang, Jianguo Zeng, Zhongyi Huang, and Xinyu Wang. "Identification and Expression Profiling of Protein Phosphatases (PP2C) Gene Family in Gossypium hirsutum L." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 6 (March 20, 2019): 1395. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20061395.

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The protein phosphatase (PP2C) gene family, known to participate in cellular processes, is one of the momentous and conserved plant-specific gene families that regulate signal transduction in eukaryotic organisms. Recently, PP2Cs were identified in Arabidopsis and various other crop species, but analysis of PP2C in cotton is yet to be reported. In the current research, we found 87 (Gossypium arboreum), 147 (Gossypium barbadense), 181 (Gossypium hirsutum), and 99 (Gossypium raimondii) PP2C-encoding genes in total from the cotton genome. Herein, we provide a comprehensive analysis of the PP2C gene family in cotton, such as gene structure organization, gene duplications, expression profiling, chromosomal mapping, protein motif organization, and phylogenetic relationships of each species. Phylogenetic analysis further categorized PP2C genes into 12 subgroups based on conserved domain composition analysis. Moreover, we observed a strong signature of purifying selection among duplicated pairs (i.e., segmental and dispersed) of Gossypium hirsutum. We also observed the tissue-specific response of GhPP2C genes in organ and fiber development by comparing the RNA-sequence (RNA-seq) data reported on different organs. The qRT-PCR validation of 30 GhPP2C genes suggested their critical role in cotton by exposure to heat, cold, drought, and salt stress treatments. Hence, our findings provide an overview of the PP2C gene family in cotton based on various bioinformatic tools that demonstrated their critical role in organ and fiber development, and abiotic stress tolerance, thereby contributing to the genetic improvement of cotton for the resistant cultivar.

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28

Nafissatou, Nacoulima Lalaissa, Diouf Fatimata Hassedine, Konan N’guessan Olivier, and Mergeai Guy. "Production of New Cotton Interspecific Hybrids with Enhanced Fiber Fineness." Journal of Agricultural Science 8, no. 2 (January 17, 2016): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v8n2p46.

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<p>To improve cotton fiber fineness, the (<em>Gossypium hirsutum</em> L. × <em>Gossypium longicalyx </em>Hutch. & Lee)² allohexaploid and the [(<em>Gossypium hirsutum</em> L. × <em>Gossypium thurberi </em>Tod.)² × <em>G. longicalyx</em>] allotetraploid were backcrossed to <em>G. hirsutum</em> to produce introgressed genetic stocks. The ribbon width (RW) of 600 swelled fibers produced by the hybrids, their parents, and their backcross progeny were analyzed for each compared genotype using an optical microscope. The RWs varied between 6.41±2.15 µm for <em>G. longicalyx</em> to 17.45±2.98 µm for the <em>G. hirsutum</em> parent cultivar C2. Fibers produced by the trispecific hybrids and their progeny were finer than the bispecific hybrid material. For the introgressed stocks, the lowest RWs were observed for the trispecific hybrid (10.79±2.14 µm) and certain backcross progenies (between 11.98±1.27 µm to 12.71±1.61 µm). The allohexaploid RW was 13.58±1.41 µm. One of its tetraploid progeny produced approximately the same value (13.94±2.48 µm). These results show that <em>G. longicalyx </em>is a potential genetic stock for cotton fiber fineness improvement. The genetic stocks produced are valuable materials for improve the fineness of cotton fiber.</p>

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29

Li, Leilei, Qian Qi, Hengheng Zhang, Qiang Dong, Asif Iqbal, Huiping Gui, Mirezhatijiang Kayoumu, Meizhen Song, Xiling Zhang, and Xiangru Wang. "Ameliorative Effects of Silicon against Salt Stress in Gossypium hirsutum L." Antioxidants 11, no. 8 (August 4, 2022): 1520. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox11081520.

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Silicon (Si) could alleviate the adverse effect of salinity in many crops, but the effect in cotton remains unclear. In this study, we evaluated the role of Si in regulating the salt stress tolerance of cotton by analyzing the induced morpho-physiological changes. A hydroponic experiment was conducted by using contrasting salt-tolerant cotton genotypes (sensitive Z0102; tolerant Z9807) and four treatments (CK, control; CKSi, 0.4 mM Si; NaCl, 150 mM NaCl; NaClSi, 150 mM NaCl+0.4 mM Si). The results showed that Si significantly enhanced the net photosynthesis rate and improved the growth of cotton seedling under salt stress in both salt-sensitive and salt-tolerant genotypes. Exogenous Si significantly reduced the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and decreased the malondialdehyde (MDA) content in salt-stressed cotton. In addition, the application of Si up-regulated the expression of CAT1, SODCC and POD, and significantly enhanced the antioxidant enzymatic activities, such as catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD), of the salt-stressed cotton seedlings. Further, Si addition protected the integrity of the chloroplast ultrastructure, including key enzymes in photosynthesis such as ferredoxin-NADP reeducates (FNR), ATP synthase (Mg2+Ca2+-ATPase) and ribulose-1, 5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RubisCO), and the structure and function of the photosynthetic apparatus PSII from salt stress. Moreover, Si significantly increased the effective stomatal density and stomatal aperture in the salt-stressed cotton seedlings. Taken together, Si could likely ameliorate adverse effects of salt stress on cotton by improving the ROS scavenging ability and photosynthetic capacity.

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Shehzad, Muhammad, Zhongli Zhou, Allah Ditta, Xiaoyan Cai, Majid Khan, Yanchao Xu, Yuqing Hou, et al. "Genome-Wide Mining and Identification of Protein Kinase Gene Family Impacts Salinity Stress Tolerance in Highly Dense Genetic Map Developed from Interspecific Cross between G. hirsutum L. and G. darwinii G. Watt." Agronomy 9, no. 9 (September 18, 2019): 560. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9090560.

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Abiotic stress is an important limiting factor in crop growth and yield around the world. Owing to the continued genetic erosion of the upland cotton germplasm due to intense selection and inbreeding, attention has shifted towards wild cotton progenitors which offer unique traits that can be introgressed into the cultivated cotton to improve their genetic performance. The purpose of this study was to characterize the Pkinase gene family in a previously developed genetic map of the F2 population derived from a cross between two cotton species: Gossypium hirsutum (CCRI 12-4) and Gossypium darwinii (5-7). Based on phylogenetic analysis, Pkinase (PF00069) was found to be the dominant domain with 151 genes in three cotton species, categorized into 13 subfamilies. Structure analysis of G. hirsutum genes showed that a greater percentage of genes and their exons were highly conserved within the group. Syntenic analysis of gene blocks revealed 99 duplicated genes among G. hirsutum, Gossypium arboreum and Gossypium raimondii. Most of the genes were duplicated in segmental pattern. Expression pattern analysis showed that the Pkinase gene family possessed species-level variation in induction to salinity and G. darwinii had higher expression levels as compared to G. hirsutum. Based on RNA sequence analysis and preliminary RT-qPCR verification, we hypothesized that the Pkinase gene family, regulated by transcription factors (TFs) and miRNAs, might play key roles in salt stress tolerance. These findings inferred comprehensive information on possible structure and function of Pkinase gene family in cotton under salt stress.

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Chandel, Rupinder, and Karun Sharma. "Multiple Attributed Parametric Review Study on Mechanical Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Harvesters." Journal of Agricultural Science 14, no. 2 (January 15, 2022): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v14n2p122.

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Crop characteristics of cotton are crucial to identify the important crop attributes like plant height, canopy width, sympods and monopods distribution, row spacing which affects the performance of mechanical harvesters. The activity and effectiveness of most harvest aids, including desiccants is reduced by low temperature conditions. Trash content was observed to be lesser in cotton harvested by cotton picker than cotton harvested by cotton stripper. It was found that a maximum cotton yield of 1000 kg acre-1 was obtained for a cotton plant population ranging between 45,000 and 90,000 plants acre-1. Likewise, a minimum of 700 to 740 kg acre-1 was observed for a cotton plant population of 33,000 plants acre-1. In higher yielding cotton, cotton pickers recorded higher picking rate than cotton strippers. Picking/harvesting efficiency of cotton stripper with both finger and brush type mechanism was higher than the spindle type cotton picker. Picking efficiency of pneumatic picker was higher than the other types of picking mechanisms, but with lesser rate of picking capacity. Gin turnout of cotton was higher with cotton picker when compared with cotton stripper due to lesser trash content in picker harvested cotton. The horsepower requirement of cotton stripper ranged from ½ to ¼ horsepower and cost is about two-thirds of the price as compared with cotton picker. The scheduling and monitoring of various activities involved in cotton picking by using a suitable software model can increase the benefits of both growers and harvesting companies. The reduction in uniformity with roller gin-type lint cleaners ranged between 0.2 to 0.8%, which was lesser as compared with saw-type lint cleaners. Introducing mechanical harvesting has always been a decades-long process. In Turkey, it took 20 years and in Greece, this process took place very gradually over a 15-year period. Top cotton producing countries like India, Pakistan, China, Uzbekistan and other developing countries like Iran Paraguay are still not using machine harvesting. The introduction of mechanical cotton picker or stripper can help improve quality and quantity of cotton picking thereby giving more benefit to growers in developing countries and improving their socio-economic status. The most controversial issue raised by the introduction of the mechanical cotton harvester is great migration as the machines eliminated jobs and forced poor families to leave their homes and farms in search for urban jobs. Therefore Government policies towards cotton harvesting mechanization must include the alternative jobs, packages for dependent manual cotton pickers and their families.

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Malathi, S., Rajesh S. Patil, and H. S. Saritha. "Heterosis studies in interspecific cotton hybrids (Gossypium hirsutum L. × Gossypium barbadense L.) under irrigated condition." Electronic Journal of Plant Breeding 10, no. 2 (2019): 852. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0975-928x.2019.00112.1.

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Carvalho, Luiz Paulo de, Francisco José Correia Farias, Marleide Magalhães de Andrade Lima, and Josiane Isabela da Silva Rodrigues. "Inheritance of different fiber colors in cotton (Gossypium barbadense L.)." Crop Breeding and Applied Biotechnology 14, no. 4 (December 2014): 256–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1984-70332014v14n4n40.

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Most of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) fibers produced in the world are white, in spite of the lint and fiber of tetraploid cottons (G. barbadense), exhibiting various shades of green and brown. Cotton fiber color is a genetically inherited trait resulting from the presence of pigments intermingled with cellulose. Inheritance of fiber color is relatively simple, with high heritability, but in wild accessions it is still unknown. The objective of this study was to determine the inheritance of fiber color in G. barbadense accessions representing different shades of brown. We crossed wild G. barbadense accessions and G. hirsutum cultivars (with white fiber) and obtained the F2 generations, and BC1 and BC2 backcrosses. It may be concluded that fiber color is controlled by one gene, with partial dominance of the brown color over white, except for the grayish color of the PI 435267 accession, which showed the white to be partially dominant.

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Subhan, Mohammad, M. Qasim ., M. Ameen Khan ., and M. Amir Khan . "Genetic Basis of Variation in Upland Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)." Asian Journal of Plant Sciences 1, no. 4 (June 15, 2002): 436–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ajps.2002.436.438.

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Zaffar Iqb, Muhammad, and Muhammad Aslam Nadee . "Behaviour of Some Polygenic Characters in Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)." Asian Journal of Plant Sciences 2, no. 6 (March 1, 2003): 485–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ajps.2003.485.490.

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Rehman Kha, Abdul, Muhammad Yaseen, Maqsood Ahmad Gill, Zaheer Ahmad, Afaq Aziz, and R. H. Nawaz. "Genetic Variation for Nitrogen Use in Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)." Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 3, no. 5 (April 15, 2000): 885–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2000.885.886.

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., Saeed Ahmad, Abdul Karim ., Abdul Jabbar ., Mahmood-ul-Hassan ., Taj Muhammad ., and Muhammad Iqbal . "Genetic Analysis for Some Characteristics in Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)." Journal of Biological Sciences 3, no. 2 (January 15, 2003): 228–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/jbs.2003.228.232.

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., Saghir Ahmad, Muhammad Zaffar Iqba ., Altaf Hussain ., Muhammad Attique Sad ., and Abdul Jabbar . "Gene Action and Heritability Studies in Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)." Journal of Biological Sciences 3, no. 4 (March 15, 2003): 443–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/jbs.2003.443.450.

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39

Pushpa, R. "Factors influencing high callusing proliferation in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)." African Journal of Plant Science 7, no. 6 (June 30, 2013): 227–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ajps12.148.

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Xiao, Shuang, Liantao Liu, Hao Wang, Dongxiao Li, Zhiying Bai, Yongjiang Zhang, Hongchun Sun, Ke Zhang, and Cundong Li. "Exogenous melatonin accelerates seed germination in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)." PLOS ONE 14, no. 6 (June 25, 2019): e0216575. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0216575.

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Stelly, D. M. "Localization of the Le2 Locus of Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)." Journal of Heredity 81, no. 3 (May 1990): 193–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a110965.

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42

Zhang, Jun, Lin Cai, Jiaqin Cheng, Huizhu Mao, Xiaoping Fan, Zhaohong Meng, Ka Man Chan, et al. "Transgene integration and organization in Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) genome." Transgenic Research 17, no. 2 (June 5, 2007): 293–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11248-007-9101-3.

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Hinze, Lori L., Russell J. Kohel, B. Todd Campbell, and Richard G. Percy. "Variability in four diverse cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) germplasm populations." Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 58, no. 4 (September 16, 2010): 561–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10722-010-9599-8.

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McMichael, B. L., and Robert J. Lascano. "Evaluation of hydraulic lift in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) germplasm." Environmental and Experimental Botany 68, no. 1 (March 2010): 26–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2009.10.002.

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McCall, Philip J., Ted C. J. Turlings, John Loughrin, Adron T. Proveaux, and James H. Tumlinson. "Herbivore-induced volatile emissions from cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) seedlings." Journal of Chemical Ecology 20, no. 12 (December 1994): 3039–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02033709.

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Fang, Lei, Xueying Guan, and Tianzhen Zhang. "Asymmetric evolution and domestication in allotetraploid cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.)." Crop Journal 5, no. 2 (April 2017): 159–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cj.2016.07.001.

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Trolinder, Norma L., and J. R. Goodin. "Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)." Plant Cell Reports 6, no. 3 (June 1987): 231–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00268487.

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Nadjimov, U. K., M. S. Mirakhmedov, B. U. Nasirullaev, G. N. Fatkhullaeva, and I. M. Scott. "Effects of fusicoccin on intact cotton plants (Gossypium hirsutum L.)." Journal of Plant Growth Regulation 15, no. 3 (July 1996): 129–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00198927.

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Shappley, Zachary W., J. N. Jenkins, William R. Meredith, and Jack C. McCarty. "An RFLP linkage map of Upland cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L." Theoretical and Applied Genetics 97, no. 5-6 (October 1998): 756–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050952.

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Hemphill, J. K., C. G. A. Maier, and K. D. Chapman. "Rapid in-vitro plant regeneration of cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.)." Plant Cell Reports 17, no. 4 (February 9, 1998): 273–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002990050391.

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