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1
Roy, Rishi R. (Rishi Raj) 1980. "Speech metadata in broadcast news." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/87892.
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Thesis (M.Eng. and S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2003.Includes bibliographical references (leaf 76).
by Rishi R. Roy.
M.Eng.and S.B.
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Boulter, Trent R. "Interactive TV News: A New Delivery Method for Broadcast Television News." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2012. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3751.
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This project looks at the development and use of a new delivery system for broadcast television news and its relation to the Uses and Gratifications and Push/Pull Theories. An in-home study of interactive news was conducted for two weeks, allowing people access to three local and 5 national newscasts via one interactive newscast. Users were able to access the interactive newscast whenever and however they wanted via their television or computer, as long as they had an internet connection. The results of this study show how the system was used,what specific actions were taken, and where the potential lies for further research.
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Sandsmark, Håkon. "Spoken Document Classification of Broadcast News." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for elektronikk og telekommunikasjon, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-19226.
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Two systems for spoken document classification are implemented by combining an automatic speech recognizer with the two classification algorithms naive Bayes and logistic regression. The focus is on how to handle the inherent uncertainty in the output of the speech recognizer. Feature extraction is performed by computing expected word counts from speech recognition lattices, and subsequently removing words that are found to carry little or noisy information about the topic label, as determined by the information gain metric. The systems are evaluated by performing cross-validation on broadcast news stories, and the classification accuracy is measured with different configurations and on recognition output with different word error rates. The results show that a relatively high classification accuracy can be obtained with word error rates around 50%, and that the benefit of extracting features from lattices instead of 1-best transcripts increases with increasing word error rates.
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Emnett, Keith Jeffrey 1973. "Synthetic News Radio : content filtering and delivery for broadcast audio news." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/61108.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Program in Media Arts & Sciences, 1999.Includes bibliographical references (p. 58-59).
Synthetic News Radio uses automatic speech recognition and clustered text news stories to automatically find story boundaries in an audio news broadcast, and it creates semantic representations that can match stories of similar content through audio-based queries. Current speech recognition technology cannot by itself produce enough information to accurately characterize news audio; therefore, the clustered text stories represent a knowledge base of relevant news topics that the system can use to combine recognition transcripts of short, intonational phrases into larger, complete news stories. Two interface mechanisms, a graphical desktop application and a touch-tone drive phone interface, allow quick and efficient browsing of the new structured news broadcasts. The system creates a personal, synthetic newscast by extracting stories, based on user interests, from multiple hourly newscasts and then reassembling them into a single recording at the end of the day. The system also supports timely delivery of important stories over a LAN or to a wireless audio pager. This thesis describes the design and evaluation of the news segmentation and content matching technology, and evaluates the effectiveness of the interface and delivery mechanisms.
by Keith Jeffrey Emnett.
S.M.
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Patterson, Philip Don. "Nuclear networks : how television news covers technological crises /." Full-text version available from OU Domain via ProQuest Digital Dissertations, 1987.
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Lemon, James Edward. "The Corporate Connection Broadcast News as a Business." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/292233.
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Kolluru, BalaKrishna. "Broadcast news processing: Structural Classification, Summarisation and Evaluation." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.485892.
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This thesis describes the automation and evaluation of structural classification and summarisation of audio documents, specifically broadcast news programmes. News broadcasts are typically 30-minute episodes consisting of several stories describing various events, incidents and current affairs. Some of these news stories are annotated to train the statistical models. Structural classification techniques use speaker-role (eg. anchor, reporter etc) information to categorise these stories into different broad classes such as reader and interview. A few carefully drafted set of rules assign a specific speaker-role to each utterance, which are subsequently used to classify the news stories. It is argued in this thesis that selecting the most relevant subsentence linguistic components is ari efficient information gathering mechanism for summarisation. Short to intermediate sized (15 to 50 word) summaries are automatically generated by employing an iterative decremental refining process that first decomposes a story into sentences and then further divides them into chunks or phrases. The most relevant parts are retained at each iteration until the desired number of words is reached. These chunks are then joined using a set of junction words which are decided by a combination of language model and probabilistic parser scores to generate a fluent summary. The performance of this approach is measured using a novel bipartite evaluation mechanism. It is shown that the summaries need to be measured for informativeness and therefore an approach based on a comprehension test is employed to calculate such scores. The evaluation mechanism uses afiuency scale which is based on comprehensibility and coherence to quantify the fluency of summaries. In experiments, human-authored summaries were analysed to quantify the subjectivity using the comprehension test. Experimental results indicate that the iterative refining approach is a lot more informative than a baseline constructed from first sentence or the 50 words of a news story. The results indicate that the use ofjunction words improved fluency in the summaries.
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Appel, Gerald I. "A Q methodology study of broadcast news professors' attitudes toward local television news." Virtual Press, 2003. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1265083.
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The purpose of this Q study was to learn broadcast news professors' attitudes on the current state of local television news. The researcher also wished to uncover if professors with primarily teaching experience have different attitudes on local television news than professors with primarily professional broadcast experience.Nineteen professors in Indiana, Ohio, and Michigan sorted Q statements regarding the quality of local television news. An analysis of their Q sorts found the participants fell into three categories: the Ultra-Critics, the Moderate-Critics, and the Minimal-Critics.The Ultra-Critics were very critical of local television news and had virtually nothing positive to say about the topic. The Moderate-Critics had some positive thoughts about local television news, but were still very critical. The Minimal-Critics were critical of local television news, but still had many positive thoughts on the industry.The researcher also found that professors with primarily professional broadcast experience were much more critical of the industry than professors with primarily teaching experience.Department of Journalism
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Onshus, Ida. "Indexing of Audio Databases : Event Log of Broadcast News." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for elektronikk og telekommunikasjon, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-13306.
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The amount of non-textual media on the Internet is increasing, which creates a greater need of being able to search in this type of media. The goal with this thesis is to be able to do information search by use of soundtracks in audio databases. To get to know the content in an audio file, one wants a system that can automatically extract necessary information. The first step in making this system is to record what is happening at which time in an event log. This thesis treats the beginning of such a process. The experiments performed dealt with detection of pauses lasting longer than 1 second and detection of speaker changes. The corpus used in experiments consists of news broadcasts from The Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation (NRK) radio. Each broadcast had a transcription, which was used as a reference when evaluating the results. Another corpus, the HUB-4 1997 evaluation data, was used for comparative tests.A lot of work treating indexing of audio databases has already been conducted. As corpora are different, there may be varying results obtained from the same methods. In this thesis, common segmentation methods have been used with the parameters adapted to give as good results as possible with the given corpus. In the pause detection, model-based segmentation was used. A Gaussian mixture model was implemented for each of the two events: sound and long pause. For the speaker segmentation, experiments with different metric-based segmentation techniques were performed. The Bayesian information criterion (BIC) and a modified version of this criterion were tested with different options and parameter values. A false alarm compensation based on the symmetric Kullback-Leibler distance was implemented as an attempt to reduce the number of false change points. The pause detection was not successful. By using the manual transcription as reference, an F-score of 38.1 % was obtained when the settings were adjusted to result in about the same numbers for false alarms and false rejections. However, further investigation showed that the transcription had flaws with respect to labeling of pauses. An evaluation of the wrongly inserted pauses showed that most of these segments actually contained silence or noise. However, the number of pauses missed was unknown, and it was not possible to get a reliable F-score. An attempt on labeling all pauses in the HUB-4 1997 data was done. With the modified transcription, an F-score of 81.7 % was obtained. However, it is possible that unlabeled pauses still exist in the transcription, as the labeling was performed by only looking at the audio signal. From classification experiments it became clear that using 1st and 2nd order delta coefficients in the feature vectors gave an improvement over just using static MFCCs. An F-score of 98.8 % was obtained from these experiments, which implies that the models are good when the segment boundaries are known. In order to get trustworthy results from the recognition task, a review of the transcription must be done.When using the modified version of BIC and false alarm compensation for speaker change detection, an F-score of 77.1 % were obtained. The average mismatch between correctly detected change points and reference transcription was 339 milliseconds. As a measure of how good the algorithm is, an F-score of 72.8 % was obtained with the HUB-4 1997 data. Ajmera et al. (2002) obtained an F-score of 67 % with the same data. It became clear that full covariance matrices gave an improvement over diagonal covariance matrices and that static MFCCs as feature vectors gave better results than MFCCs including delta coefficients. Inclusion of pitch as another feature did not contribute to any improvement of the results.
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Guthrie, Sarah L. "Reality and Perception of Feminism and Broadcast, 1968-1977: The Mary Tyler Moore Show, Alison Owings, and the Experience of Second-Wave Feminism in Broadcast News." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1274570051.
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Marvez, Raquel. "Faith and News: A Quantitative Study of the Relationship Between Religiosity and TV News Exposure." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2008. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd2752.pdf.
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Woodruff, Daniel Mark. "Jumping from Journalism -- Why Broadcast Journalists Leave the Field." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2020. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/8439.
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Journalism plays an important role in our society. But what happens when a journalist decides to pursue a new profession? The loss of a journalist from a newsroom can have a significant impact, particularly when that journalist takes with them institutional knowledge and a history of the market. This study uses qualitative interviews with 12 former broadcast journalists to investigate what factors cause them to leave the field and what the implications are for the industry. Relying on burnout theory as a framework, this study reveals three key reasons broadcast journalists decided to walk away. First, they faced increasing demands including long or unconventional work hours, a tenuous work-life balance, difficult stories to cover, and doing more with fewer resources. Second, they endured difficult issues with management including unfulfilled promises, the increasing commercialization of news, unrealistic and unethical expectations, the consolidation of the industry, and a lack of appreciation. Third, they felt they were not adequately compensated. This study recommends more support and professional development for broadcast journalists, more cross-training opportunities, and improved financial compensation.
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Park, Jaeyung. "Online journalism : how journalists and their audience perceive the journalist role, newsworthiness and public dialogue /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3052205.
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MATOS, LUDIMILA SANTOS. "BROADCAST NEWS AESTHETICS OF REAL AMATEUR VIDEOS: AUDIOVISUAL RJTV 1ST EDITION." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2011. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=18591@1.
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COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIORPROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTS. DE ENSINO
A presente pesquisa foi desenvolvida a fim de compreender aspectos desencadeantes do enfraquecimento do olhar em relação às imagens midiáticas. A fim de compreender este processo, foi elaborado um roteiro histórico, a partir do início do período denominado Modernidade, para que, então, fosse possível identificar nos produtos audiovisuais atuais as ocorrências estéticas no sentido de reforçar os efeitos de real dessas imagens com intuito de recuperar a potência do poder imagético de fascínio. Esta investigação tem por objeto o telejornal local carioca RJTV 1ª Edição. O corpus da pesquisa foi constituído por meio da coleta, observação e análise dos vídeos amadores exibidos durante três meses de edições diárias do RJTV1, entre abril e junho de 2010. A base teórica desta dissertação considera autores referenciais na área do audiovisual, a exemplo de André Bazin e Philipe Dubois; na pesquisa sobre Comunicação de Massa, utilizando pressupostos teóricos de estudiosos como Walter Benjamin e Mauro Wolf; e na pesquisa em Jornalismo, a exemplo de Bill Kovach e Tom Rosentiel. Este estudo foi desenvolvido observando os pressupostos metodológicos da Análise Televisual, metodologia desenvolvida por Beatriz Becker, a fim de auxiliar as leituras dos textos audiovisuais e da Semiótica Aplicada, proposta por Lúcia Santaella para análise dos signos midiáticos. O presente estudo observa também aspectos das Novas Tecnologias Digitais que exercem pertinente influência na confecção dos produtos audiovisuais jornalísticos, a considerar, fundamentalmente, a participação do usuário/audiência como colaborador nos processos de produção dos conteúdos noticiosos.
This research was conducted to understand aspects of the weakening of triggering look in relation to media images. In order to understand this process of weakening of the spell power of these images was a roadmap history, from the beginning of the period called modernity, to then be possible to identify audiovisual products in the current events in order to enhance these real aesthetic effects on images with the goal to regain the power of imagery fascination. This investigation has for its object the local newscast RJTV 1st Edition. The body of this research has been made through the collection, observation and analysis of home videos shown during three months of daily editions of RJTV1, April-June 2010. The theoretical basis of this thesis considers authors references in the audiovisual area, such as Andre Bazin and Philippe Dubois; in Mass Communication research, using theoretical assumptions of scholars such as Walter Benjamin and Mauro Wolf, and research in journalism, as Bill Kovack and Tom Rosentiel. This study was developed observing the methodological assumptions of Televisual analysis, the methodology developed by Beatriz Becker, to assist the reading of texts and audiovisual Applied Semiotics, proposed by Lucia Santaella media for analysis of signs. This study also points out aspects of new digital technologies that exert appropriate influence in the production of audiovisual products journalism, to consider, primarily, the participation of the user / audience as a collaborator in the production processes of news content.
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Ji, Dangjie. "Indirect defensive responses to hostile questions in British broadcast news interviews." Thesis, University of York, 2008. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/14112/.
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Live broadcast interviews came into existence from 1950s in the western media. Over the last 40 years the previously deferential style of questioning in broadcast news interviews has become more direct, challenging, penetrating, pursuing—in a word, hostile. These hostile questions create 'avoidance-avoidance conflict' for the interviewee (IE), i.e. these questions can be sufficiently hostile that the only available direct responses are negative, yet a reply must be made. To avoid the negative consequences of direct replies, the IE often provides a response with 'evasion', 'equivocation' or 'indirectness'. My research sets out to explore the phenomenon of 'indirectness' in IE answer turns. Data was collected from BBC radio 4 'Today Program' (January-May 2005). Conversation Analysis was used as the research method.
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Grogan, Andree Marie. "Observations on the news factory a case study of CNN /." restricted, 2005. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-11172005-173426/.
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Thesis (M.A.)--Georgia State University, 2005.Title from title screen. Merrill Morris, committee chair; Marian Meyers, Douglas Barthlow, committee members. Electronic text (98 p.) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed June 21, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (p. 89-96).
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Dias, Susana Sampaio. "Reporting human rights : a study of broadcast news representations and journalist practices." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2013. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/59049/.
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This research examines the connection between human rights and journalism, and the importance that the latter has in the shaping of common understandings of human rights. Based on an analysis of the Portuguese public service television news, this study pays particular attention to the representation of human rights in the news and the production practices that determine human rights reporting. The research reveals that the financial crisis is powerfully influencing the content of the news, shifting human rights coverage to more social rights-focused reporting. Further, the financial constraints are affecting the professional practices and impeding the dislocation of correspondents to cover human rights issues abroad. This tendency, in its turn, is 1) reinforcing the manifest reliance on news agencies’ contents to cover distant human rights situations, and 2) emphasising proximity and national interest as decisive news values, generating more nation-focused human rights coverage. Consequently, this proximity to human rights problems at home is both empathetic and forced.
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Todd, Michael David. "A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF AUDIOVISUAL TECHNIQUES IN NEWS COVERAGE OF THE WARS IN IRAQ." OpenSIUC, 2009. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/478.
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This thesis is a study in the change of the use of audiovisual elements between the 1991 Gulf War news coverage and the 2003 Iraq War news coverage. The purpose of this study was to analyze audiovisual elements in war coverage from the 1991 Gulf War and the 2003 Iraq War in order to better understand critics' complaints that the news coverage of the 2003 Iraq War was sensationalized through the use of techniques more commonly associated with the entertainment industry. Specifically, this paper examines the use of descriptions, parasocial relationships, sound effects, music, and superimposed graphics to understand how war coverage has changed between the two wars. The results indicate that portions of the substantive content of the news coverage have been replaced with superficial content.
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Silcock, B. William. "Global gatekeepers : mapping the news culture of English language television news producers inside Deutsche Welle /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3025650.
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Koonce, Hilda. "Hurricane Katrina and the Television News Industry." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2006. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/338.
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This thesis is about the relationship between Hurricane Katrina and the television news industry. My goal was to record the experiences of my fellow co-workers at WWL-TV, which was the only local television station to remain on the air throughout the hurricane. I also wanted to perform a review of the news industry up until the point of the storm, in order to analyze any affects the hurricane may have had on news coverage in general.
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Mutchler, Cristina V. "Minorities in Local Broadcast News: A Content Analysis of Four Ohio and Pennsylvania Television Markets." Ohio : Ohio University, 2009. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1248822124.
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Karlsson, Fredrik. "User-centered Visualizations of Transcription Uncertainty in AI-generated Subtitles of News Broadcast." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Människa-datorinteraktion, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-415658.
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AI-generated subtitles have recently started to automate the process of subtitling with automatic speech recognition. However, people may not perceive that the transcription is based on probabilities and may entail errors. For news that is broadcast live may this be controversial and cause misinterpretation. A user-centered design approach was performed investigating three possible solutions towards visualizing transcription uncertainties in real-time presentation. Based on the user needs, one proposed solution was used in a qualitative comparison with AI- generated subtitles without visualizations. The results suggest that visualization of uncertainties support users’ interpretation of AI-generated subtitles and helps to identify possible errors. However, it does not improve the transcription intelligibility. The result also suggests that unnoticed transcription errors during news broadcast is perceived as critical and decrease trust towards the news. Uncertainty visualizations may increase trust and prevent the risk of misinterpretation with important information.
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Clark, Judith Chandra. "Fake news a survey on video news releases and their implications on journalistic ethics, integrity, independence, professionalism, credibility, and commercialization of broadcast news /." Thesis, [Tuscaloosa, Ala. : University of Alabama Libraries], 2009. http://purl.lib.ua.edu/47.
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ANDRADE, ANA PAULA GOULART DE. "APOCRYPHAL TV NEWS BROADCAST: PERSPECTIVES ON THE AMATEUR AND SURVEILLANCE IMAGES USAGE ON CREATION OF TV NEWS S NARRATIVE." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2014. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=27236@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTS. DE ENSINO
Essa dissertação se foca na reflexão sobre o uso de imagens originadas em câmeras amadoras e de videovigilância como prática relativamente nova e, no entanto, crescente na construção de narrativas telejornalísticas – a isso foi atribuído a classificação de telejornalismo apócrifo, aquele que se constrói a partir de imagens originadas no exterior do cânone jornalístico. Dessa forma, teoricamente, o trabalho considera apontamentos sobre a relação entre Comunicação e Poder, conceitos básicos das Teorias do Jornalismo, o cenário da convergência digital e as transformações que as tecnologias contemporâneas da comunicação imputam ao Telejornalismo. De forma ensaística, a ideia de telejornalismo apócrifo, seus aspectos fundamentais e seus desdobramentos no mercado de trabalho do jornalismo audiovisual se corporificam através de estudo de caso de três telejornais de alcance nacional (Jornal Nacional, Jornal da Record e SBT Brasil) e, ainda, de etnografia baseada na entrevista de oito profissionais da área do telejornalismo.
This dissertation aims to consider the use of amateur and surveillance cam-eras as a new trend and as part of the creation of TV news s narratives - which is labeled as apocryphal TV news broadcast, which is built from images created outside the Journalism domain. Theoretically, therefore, this work considers the correlation between Communication and Power, as they are basic concepts from Journalism Theory; the digital convergence scenery; and the recent changing in communication technology concerning the TV news broadcasting field. The idea of apocryphal TV news broadcast, its basic features and its unfolding in audio-visual journalism is shown through the study of three nationwide TV news (Jornal Nacional, Jornal da Record e SBT Brasil) and, also, it is depicted from an ethno-graphic analysis based on interviewing eight TV news broadcasting professionals.
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McDonnell, Rafael C. (Rafael Charles). "A Survey on Student Uses of and Attitudes Toward Broadcast Television News and "Tabloid" Television." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1990. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc504429/.
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A survey testing student uses of and attitudes towards traditional broadcast television news and eleven "tabloid" programs was conducted using 300 students enrolled at the University of North Texas. The 10:00 p.m. newscast was most watched by the students. The most watched weekly news magazine was "60 Minutes." The Oprah Winfrey Show" was the daily "tabloid" leader. "America's Most Wanted" led the weekly "tabloid" shows. Students perceived daily newscasts as important sources of information. "USA Today," the weekly news magazines "60 Minutes" and "20/20,1" and "America's Most Wanted" were also cited by students as being "important" information programming. However, the survey showed "tabloid television" was not a major source of informational programming for college students.
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Jadick, Christopher. "To Tell the Truth: The Credibility of Cable News Networks In an Era of Increasingly Partisan Political News Coverage." Scholar Commons, 2017. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6867.
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The credibility of the American news media is increasingly under fire. Despite an exponential expansion of information available in the digital media era, increased political news coverage and commentary has brought growing apprehension over how much of today’s news can be trusted and believed. 24-hour cable news channels are among the media most often subject to this criticism. At the same time, the media operates under First Amendment freedom of press protection, a constitutional guarantee granted with the understanding that democracy can only succeed when its citizens are well informed. In the great experiment of our republic, a freely functioning news media fills this critical role, but only to the extent that it can be trusted to portray the truth.
This research questioned the media’s ability to inform the public due to the proliferation of political news and commentary. Utilizing social judgment theory, this study offered two hypotheses: that news consumers will find more credibility in political news when presented by media outlets they favor due to political preferences, and that they will also find more credibility in non-political news when presented by media they favor due to political preferences. The study examined if there is a bleed over effect on the credibility of non-political news due to political news coverage. An experiment was conducted in which two politically diverse populations, Republicans and Democrats, where asked to rate the credibility of six stories. Three of the stories were political, three non-political. While the content of those stories remained constant for all study participants, the media brands associated with the stories alternated between Fox News and CNN to determine if the media source alone influences perceptions of credibility. Results from members of both political parties provided support for each hypothesis. Republicans assigned greater credibility to both political and non-political news stories when presented by their network of preference, Fox News. By comparison, Democrats demonstrated greater trust when those same stories where branded by their preferred network, CNN.
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Jenssen, Mark (Mark Peter). "Broadcast news and abortion : the effects of conservative narratives on the reproductive health debate." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84848.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Political Science, 2013.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 72-77).
How have changes in the elite discussion of reproductive health narratives affected the debate on abortion and influenced state legislation and popular opinion? Using analysis of broadcast transcripts from CNN and FOX News, I examine the arguments articulated by politicians, activists, and members of the media on issues concerning reproductive health. I argue that, beginning in 1996, conservatives used the venue provided by broadcast media to seize on changes to the political climate and frame debate to their advantage. Continually, conservatives forced liberals into reactionary positions through discussion of "partial-birth abortion," expansion of narratives, and-most recently-misinformation. By dictating the terms of the discussion, conservatives lessened the impact of liberal narratives and saw gains in state legislation and public opinion as a result.
by Mark Jenssen.
S.M.
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Lambert, Mark T. "Twitter and Radio News: A Dallas-Fort Worth Case Study." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2016. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc862804/.
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This study of radio news stations adds to the field of Twitter research into broadcasters' use of this social media microblogging platform; previous research has predominantly focused on television. This case study, based on a survey with numerous open-ended questions completed in face-to-face interviews, begins to fill in data on how Twitter is being used in major market radio station newsrooms. Limited in scope, this exploratory study used answers from seven members of two radio newsrooms in trying to find out if there were stated goals for tweets; if separate, unique content was being tweeted or was content tied to the stations' on-air product; how tweets seek to increase station listenership and/or increase station website traffic; what were the most frequently tweeted topics; what hyperlinks were included in tweets for internal or external web content; and were tweets personal and/or opinionated, or kept more professional with just factual material. From a strategic management theory standpoint, there is neither a stated plan nor goals sought with these newsrooms' use of Twitter. Unique tweet content includes sending out photos which add visuals to the pictureless world of radio news and live-tweeting of ongoing news events, while complementary content is promotional to push audience members to on-air or website products. There are no analytics in place to try to determine whether the stations' listenership or web traffic increases based on tweets. Promotional teases of upcoming on-air guest interviews or news content and/or web content are the most frequently tweeted topics. Hashtags rather than hyperlinks are more often included in the stations' tweets. News personnel stay away from expressing opinions, or being too personal in tweets, but remain more objective and professional by sticking to facts which is in step with the traditional role of journalists.
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Kuban, Adam Jeremy. "The U.S. broadcast news media as a social arena in the global climate change debate." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2007.
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Bryan, Anne Mary. "Discursive witnessing practices in television news coverage of the 2005 London bombings and their commemorations." Thesis, Swansea University, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.678507.
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Sellers, Benjamin Bart. "A General Framework for Interactive Television News." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2012. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3357.
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We design a complete interactive television news system. We develop a news production system that allows for the creation of flexible, content-rich interactive news. This system embraces a general creation process to interactive news that is built on top of a newscast model that evolves from and conforms with the current production newscast model. It allows for content sharing and content reuse. We also create an interactive news viewing system that adapts well to a living room environment. It contains several interactive features designed to give the viewer control and allow them to watch the news when, where, and how they want to. We perform a formative evaluation through a user study and interviews. Our results show that the production system allows fast, quality construction of interactive news. Viewers enjoy the interactivity and control the viewing system provides, but more work needs to be done to improve ease of use. Our system increases extra content visibility and usage over previous studies through additional features, more content, and direct invites to viewers. We also produce and deliver the news over an entire two-week period to a large number of viewers, making it the largest study done according to our knowledge.
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Macy, Dylan V. "Climate Translators: Broadcast New's Contribution to the Political Divide over Climate Change in the United States." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2020. https://scholarship.claremont.edu/pitzer_theses/94.
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In many instances, television news is the primary outlet through which people gain knowledge on climate change. Both the perceived threat of climate change and American news media have grown politically divided since the 1980s. I make the argument that American news media influences the partisan divide over climate change. In addition to the political landscape of news media, focus on political events and figures in climate coverage further contributes to a partisan divide. Supporting these claims are research displaying how climate change news is processed in a partisan manner and a selection of three case study periods in which climate change coverage spiked among MSNBC, CNN, and Fox News in the last twenty years (2000-2019). I collected news footage from all three case studies using the online database archive.org. Using this footage, an accompanying documentary short was produced that focused on the Paris Climate Accord Withdrawal in 2017. Presented in the documentary and the three case study periods, Fox News held a consistently hands-off and dismissive tone towards climate change, while MSNBC and CNN implemented climate science into coverage while advocating for collective climate action. I report that media is selected and processed via partisanship among viewers; these case studies illustrate the ways in which news media drives the political divide on climate change. I conclude by offering some future ways climate coverage can be more unifying, such as more emphasis on the economic benefits of “a green economy” in news coverage.
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Magee, Sara C. "That's Television Entertainment: The History, Development, and Impact of the First Five Seasons of "Entertainment Tonight," 1981-86." Ohio : Ohio University, 2008. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1217427973.
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Fabricius, Kristina. "Broadcast news production in the classroom as a student mediation for bilingual and cross-cultural education." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2007. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/3134.
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"Broadcast News Production in the Classroom as a Student Mediation for Bilingual Education" describes a curricular design to meet interactive literacy projects for the K-12 Bilingual Education classroom. The author has designed or adapted mediation structures for use to implement "Broadcast News Production" in the classroom specifically for Bilingual and Cross-cultural Education. The study is theoretical and based on research.
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Savoca, Brianna L. "Leon Bibb: A Pioneer in Ohio Broadcast Journalism." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1275605390.
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Murwira, Vincent. "The Open Newsroom: the broadcast news ecosystem in an era of online media migration and audience participation." AUT University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10292/940.
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The media has always gone through changes, starting from the era of the Gutenberg printing press several centuries ago, to the introduction of radio and television in the last 100 years. In the last two decades, Internet and digital technologies have rapidly transformed the media and reshaped how news is gathered and disseminated, and re-defined audiences and their role in the media. Before the Internet, news dissemination was scheduled and periodic, for example the 6pm television bulletin or weekly newspaper. Today news is now global and published in 24/7 round the clock news cycles. At this time, there were clear demarcations between radio, television and newspapers, which were all separate entities. These demarcations have largely fallen away as all media have migrated online to publish on the same platform, using the same elements such as text, audio and video. Increasingly, television is migrating online to the degree that forecasts predict that online television will eclipse traditional TV as we now know it, just as much as online newspapers have eclipsed traditional newspapers. This debate is widely contested In pre-Internet days, the media had distinct demarcations between the media owners, news gatherers (and production people), like journalists, and the audience. These demarcations are blurring as audiences increasingly participate in the media resulting in the emergence of a new breed of journalists; the citizen journalist. This is the most popular term used to describe these new journalists. The dynamic nature of the online platform and functionalities like Web 2.0 made it possible for anyone to publish themselves online, on a blog, on social networking sites or to set up their own website, at very little or no cost. This has spurred a lot of creativity, and the wider public has created vast amounts of content such as video, audio and text and submitted or published them online. Consequently, content creation is no longer the preserve and domain of the media and journalists; the ubiquitous nature of the Internet and the availability of other enabling technologies: inexpensive digital technologies like video cameras, digital cameras and recorders means that anyone with access can now create content and disseminate it. Debates in many parts of the world have suggested that these abilities are catalysts that could spur the public into contributing news and video content of breaking news to the media and help keep the 24/7 round the clock news cycle current. After all, some online social networking sites have already demonstrated that citizens possess the skills to produce and publish video content. At a time when the media is facing financial pressure due to reduced advertising revenues, caused in part by the economic crisis and by the shift to the online platform, there are suggestions that citizens could help newsroom budgets by contributing material. It is against this background of rapid online migration by the media, and the emergence of this new breed of news gatherers, that this research on the Open Newsroom is set. The research topic is not new; a body of research about online migration of the media and the new news ecosystem exists in many other countries. In New Zealand however, this is still an emerging area of for research. This research monitored news bulletins on New Zealand’s two main television news channels, 3 News on TV3 and One News on Television New Zealand for 12 months from early 2008 to late 2009. The idea was to gauge and analyse the amount of content submitted by citizen journalists. The research also looked at a case study which illustrated the potential dangers of using news content submitted by citizen journalists. The research sought the professional opinions of a wide range of decision makers and influential people from the New Zealand media such as editors, journalists and publishers and those involved in the training of journalists in New Zealand. Using a Mini-DV video camera and a digital audio recorder, the researcher filmed and recorded interviewees and edited video clips of the interviews which were then published in the media gallery on the website www.theopennewsroom.com. The interviews sought to find out and discuss the online migration by the media, the new news ecosystem, the public’s participation in the media and the benefits and disadvantages of citizen journalism. To put the research into perspective, the website also carries some research articles and literature reviews on the media. The research findings from the interviews with New Zealand media professionals who participated in the study match trends happening in many countries. While most value the potential benefits of citizen journalists in the news process, some strongly expressed a great deal of skepticism and suspicion regarding news contribution from nontraditional journalism sources. In general, the research offered a series of insights into modern media rather than clear-cut answers
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Higgins-Dobney, Carey Lynne. "News Work: the Impact of Corporate Newsroom Culture on News Workers & Community Reporting." PDXScholar, 2018. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4410.
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By virtue of their broadcast licenses, local television stations in the United States are bound to serve in the public interest of their community audiences. As federal regulations of those stations loosen and fewer owners increase their holdings across the country, however, local community needs are subjugated by corporate fiduciary responsibilities. Business practices reveal rampant consolidation of ownership, newsroom job description convergence, skilled human labor replaced by computer automation, and economically-driven downsizings, all in the name of profit. Even so, the people laboring under these conditions are expected to keep their communities informed with democracy- and citizenship-enhancing information.
This study uses a critical political economy framework to focus on the labor aspects of working in commercially-run local television newsrooms in the United States. Surveys and interviews with news workers from the 25 largest local television markets highlight the daily challenges of navigating the dichotomy of labor in the space between corporate profiteering and public enlightenment. In addition to their more well-known and well-studied on-air reporter and anchor peers, "behind the scenes" workers and those with newly converged job descriptions also share their news work stories, thus filling a gap in the literature. Corporate capital incentives affect all who gather and disseminate the news.
While all of these workers generally strive for high journalistic quality, the pressures of increased workloads and constant deadlines imposed by shrinking news staffs and growing digital media expectations mean journalists have to make craft work compromises in the race to report news faster and first. Owners push experienced news veterans with deep community connections out in favor of younger, cheaper, more tech-savvy workers. Financially beneficial content trumps deep policy investigations. These outcomes not only worry those in the journalistic trenches of local television news, but also potentially deprive the public of the information they seek from these outlets. As local television newsrooms remain the most popular sources of information for Americans, particularly in times of crisis, such outcomes are not in the community's best interest.
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Hunter, Allison M. "News Is Beginning To Look A Lot Like Christmas: A Critical History of the Holiday Shopping Season and ABC Network's Nightly News." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1417782736.
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Choi, Yun Jung. "Effects of order and proportion of positive scenes in broadcast news on memory, candidate evaluation, and voting intention." Related electronic resource: Current Research at SU : database of SU dissertations, recent titles available full text, 2006. http://proquest.umi.com/login?COPT=REJTPTU0NWQmSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=3739.
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Dworznik, Gretchen J. "The Psychology of Local News: Compassion Fatigue and Posttraumatic Stress in Broadcast Reporters, Photographers, and Live Truck Engineers." [Kent, Ohio] : Kent State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=kent1210513135.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Kent State University, 2008.Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Sept. 28, 2009). Advisor: Stan Wearden. Keywords: journalism; trauma; broadcasting; reporting; television; posttraumatic stress; compassion fatigue. Includes bibliographical references (p. 164-184).
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Mashburn, Noelle. "A study of the changing television newsrooms with the diffusion of internet technologies." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/6034.
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Thesis (M,A.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007.The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on November 12, 2007) Includes bibliographical references.
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Geary, Mark. "Credentialed to embedded : an analysis of broadcast journalists' stories about two Persian Gulf Wars /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p1421137.
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Woo, Yuen Ying Grace. "Oral and written media coverage of mundane news in Hong Kong : a case study of a fire incident." HKBU Institutional Repository, 1995. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/95.
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Graham, Minenor-Matheson. "Think tanks and the construction of authority in the UK : Ideological representations of private sector knowledge producers in broadcast television news." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, JMK, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-183237.
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Private sector knowledge producers, more commonly known as think tanks or research institutes, are used as authoritative sources in Western media either as interview guests or their research quoted by journalists. Most studies have focused on their ability to influence government policy, but very little has focused on their role in the public sphere, particularly their visibility in media. This study will explore how often think representatives appear as authoritative sources or experts in broadcast media during the 2015, 2017 and 2019 UK General Elections. This will be done through a quantitative content analysis and thematic analysis investigating whether such representatives are accorded preferential access and ascribed primary authority to define narratives. Additionally, a theoretical model has been designed to detect whether a marketplace of ideas can be detected or whether television news is a site of Habermassian rational-critical public sphere. Inspired by the work of Anstead and Chadwick, and taking this vital work further, this study investigates whether authority signalling, and primary definition is still a relevant theory by analysing broadcast news coverage across three general elections.
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Kim, Yeon Kyeong. "Women in the newsroom : a comparataive analysis of male and female broadcast reporters and news sources in local and network stations /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p1426074.
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Mbatha, Loisa. "Investigating the popularity of the main news bulletin on Muvi TV, a Zambian television station: a reception study of Lusaka viewers." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002918.
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The "tabloid TV" genre, like tabloid newspapers has been chastised for depoliticising the public by causing cynicism, and lowering the standards of rational public discourse. Such criticisms are not always based on a close interrogation of the reasons for the popularity of such a genre amongst its consumers. The "tabloid TV" news genre is a relatively new phenomenon in Zambia and in the African context in general. This study is an investigation of the rise in popularity of the Zambian television station, Muvi TV. It is a reception study of Lusaka (capital city) viewers, particularly the working class community, who make up the majority of the TV stations' audience. Members of this social group who have hitherto been marginalised from mainstream media discourses were interviewed. In particular, the study explores the meanings obtained from the content of Muvi TVs' tabloidised main evening news and its relevance to their everyday lived experiences. The TV station gives prominence to "micro-politics of everyday life", alongside "serious" stories albeit in a more lurid, sensationalised and personalised manner. In undertaking this investigation, the study draws primarily on qualitative in-depth interviews - focus group and individual. These techniques unearth the manner in which the viewers decode the messages and appropriate the meanings into their lived experiences. The study establishes that the popularity of Muvi TV is due to the emphasis on human-interest stories epitomised by tabloid journalism values. The working class majority is able to relate and identify with these stories, and attaches greater believability to the station's news as compared to the public broadcaster, the Zambia National Broadcasting Corporation (ZNBC). As such, Muvi TV can be seen to fulfil a political function despite its sensationalised approach.
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Abdulaziz, Ashour S. "Code Switching Between Tamazight and Arabic in the First Libyan Berber News Broadcast: An Application of Myers-Scotton's MLF and 4M Models." PDXScholar, 2014. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1633.
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The purpose of this study is to investigate the nature of code switching between Tamazight and Arabic in light of Myers-Scotton's Matrix Frame Model (MLF) (Myers- Scotton, 1993), and the 4-M model of code switching (Myers-Scotton & Jake, 2000). Data come from the very first Libyan Tamazight news broadcast in Libya on May 2, 2011, during the uprising against the Gaddafi regime. I analyzed the broadcast in an attempt to understand the nature and implications of the switching between the two languages in the utterances of the speakers in the video. I also argued that in many ways what many might think of as code switching is actually borrowing.
During the Gaddafi era, the government banned the use of Tamazight in formal settings such as the media, work place, and schools. Since the fall of Gaddafi and his regime, the Imazighen (or Berbers) in Libya have sought to present themselves, their language, and their culture as an important part of Libyan culture. Libya's Imazighen are bilingual speakers, a fact that set up the conditions for the switching between Tamazight and Arabic analyzed in this study. Their bilingualism, along with Libyan language policies under Gaddafi, help account for the nature of code switching in the data.
This study documents contact phenomena among different languages in Libya. It also facilitates understanding of some of the sociolinguistic changes occurring there as a result of the political changes in the wake of so-called "Arab Spring."
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Higgins, Carey Lynne. "Does the "news" come first? Social responsibility, infotainment, and local television newscasts in Portland, Oregon : a content analysis." PDXScholar, 2005. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3790.
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This study examines the infotainment versus social responsibility debate as it applies to local television newscasts in the United States. An overview of the concerns surrounding infotainment as news follows, including a look at a newsroom's traditional responsibilities to its viewers, as well as its current role in adding to parent company profit. Socially responsible hard news and infotainment characteristics are defined as they apply to television news broadcasts, both within the context of news story content and in presentation style.
A descriptive content analysis examines these characteristics within the late night local newscasts airing in Portland, Oregon. Portland is a large broadcast news market with over one million potential local news viewers. It is also a community with an exceptionally high rate of civic engagement (Abbott, 2001; Putnam & Feldstein, 2003). Its media coverage of the city, however, has been the subject of criticism by local columnists and national journalism scholars. A socially responsible news product would provide the city's residents with the information needed to continue the trend of participation, community betterment, and overall citizenship knowledge.
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Schulz, Henrik. "Large vocabulary continuous speech recognition for the transcription of Catalan broadcast news and conversations : towards analysis and modelling of acoustic reduction in spontaneous speech." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/405985.
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The transcription of spontaneous speech still poses a challenge to state-of-the-art methods for automatic speech recognition. The present thesis describes the comprehensive development of a large vocabulary continuous speech recognition system for the transcription of Catalan broadcast news and conversions and evolves towards novel approaches for analysis and modelling of acoustic reduction in spontaneous speech.
It emphasises initially on various conventional methods for acoustic analysis, acoustic and language modelling and hypothesis search. Improvements over the original single-pass baseline system are mainly attained by domain and speaking style emphasising interpolation of individually estimated language models, linear discriminating projection of acoustic observations that improves the phonetic class separability, speaker normalisation of the acoustic observations, speaker adaptive training and acoustic model adaptation in a multi-pass system approach.
The analysis of acoustic reduction initially emphasises on context independent vowel and consonant specific spectral and temporal properties whose parameters display statistically significant differences between the phoneme prototypes in spontaneous speech and their canonical realisations in planned speech. The introduction of the feature space analysis provides the general means to reveal these differences in conventional acoustic observations for automatic speech recognition. It displays statistically significant differences context-independently but also in a syllable context between adjacent phonemes suggesting particular reduction patterns. The analysis furthermore challenges the often suggested coherence between the co-occurring reduction of spectral and temporal properties.
The modelling of acoustic reduction first emphasises on segment conditioned discriminating variables and variability class dependent models and variability class specific adaptation of the original acoustic model. It introduces phoneme rate as means to analyse temporal properties and feature space reduction ratio as means to analyse the reduction of spectral properties in conventional feature space for large vocabulary continuous speech recognition as discriminating variables. These variables are clustered and determine the classes for segment conditioned variability class dependent models and their scoring during the hypothesis search in recognition. Both approaches displays no significant performance improvement.
Furthermore the modelling advances towards segment constituent predictability dependent models that introduce predictability as discriminating variable for variability class dependent models relying on the fundamental coherence between predictability and acoustic reduction that is suggested through the principle of least effort and the redundancy theory. It thereby emphasises on word and phoneme predictability. This approach displays no significant performance improvement.
Planned speech is apparently antagonising the principle of least effort. Thus, a prior segment conditioned analysis of acoustic reduction may indicate its average degree of reduction, while their within-segment variation may indicate whether it exhibits sufficient relaxation of the speaking style to adopt the principle of least effort. Thus, segments exhibiting small within-segment variation may be modelled separately from those of large within-segment variation, whereas modelling the latter by word, syllable or phoneme predictability dependent models may provide a research perspective.La transcripció de converses espontànies encara suposa un repte per als mètodes actuals de reconeixement automàtic de veu. Aquesta tesi descriu el desenvolupament d'un sistema de reconeixement de veu continu de vocabulari gran per a la transcripció de converses i notícies emeses en català i condueix cap a noves aproximacions per a l'anàlisi i modelat de la reducció acústica en converses espontànies. Es centra inicialment en diversos mètodes convencionals per a l'anàlisi acústica, modelat acústic i del llenguatge i en la cerca d'hipòtesis. Les millores respecte el sistema original d'única passada són principalment degudes al domini i l'estil en la parla posant èmfasi en la interpolació de models de llenguatge, discriminació lineal i projecció d'observacions acústiques, entrenament adaptat al locutor per millorar la separació de les classes fonètiques, normalització de les observacions acústiques, i adaptació del model acústic en una sistema de múltiples passades. L'anàlisi de reducció acústica posa inicialment èmfasi en les propietats espectrals i temporals independents de vocals i consonant específiques, els paràmetres de les quals mostren diferències estadísticament significatives entre els prototips de fonemes en la conversa espontània i la seva realització canònica en el discurs planejat. La introducció de l'anàlisi del espai de característiques proporciona els mitjans generals per a revelar aquestes diferències en observacions acústiques convencionals per al reconeixement automàtic de veu. Mostra diferències estadísticament significatives independents de context però també entre fonemes adjacents en el context de síl·laba suggerint patrons de reducció particulars. A més, l'anàlisi desafia la, sovint suggerida, coherència entre les reducció simultànies de les propietats espectrals i temporals. El modelat de la reducció acústica primer fa èmfasi en variables discriminants de cada segment, models dependents de la variabilitat de la classe i l'adaptació del model acústic original. Introdueix la taxa de fonemes com a mitjà d'analitzar propietats temporals i la proporció de la reducció del espai de característiques com a mitjà d'analitzar la reducció dels propietats espectrals en el espai de característiques convencional per al reconeixement de veu continu de vocabulari gran com a variables discriminants. Aquestes variables s'agrupen i determinen les classes per a models dependents de la variabilitat de cada segment i la seva puntuació durant el reconeixement i cerca d'hipòtesi. Ambdues aproximacions no mostren una millora significativa en el rendiment. A més a més, les tècniques de modelat es dirigeixen cap a models dependents de la predicibilitat del segment que introdueixen la predicibilitat com a variable discriminant per a models dependents de la classe de variabilitat basats en la coherència fonamental entre predicibilitat i reducció acústica que es suggereix pel principi del mínim esforç i la teoria de la redundància. Per tant, emfatitza la predicibilitat de les paraules i dels fonemes. Aquesta aproximació no suposa cap millora significativa de rendiment. El discurs planejat és aparentment antagònic amb el principi del mínim esforç. Per tant, un anàlisi previ condicionat al segment de la reducció acústica pot indicar el seu grau mig de reducció, mentre la variació intra-segmental pot indicar si exhibeix prou relaxació en l'estil de parlar per adoptar el principi del mínim esforç. Per tant, segments amb poca variació intra-segmental poden ser modelats apart dels que tenen gran variació intra-segmental, mentre que modelar aquestes darreres mitjançant models dependents de predicibilitat de paraula, síl·laba o fonema poden aportar una perspectiva viable de recerca.
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Collins, Janice Marie. "Finding Leadership in the “Real World” of News: The Professional Socialization of Leadership Development and Issues of Power, Gender, Race, and Self Esteem in a College Broadcast Journalism Lab, A Case Study." Ohio : Ohio University, 2009. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1236724544.
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