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1
Bogosavljevic-Boskovic, S., S. Mitrovic, V. Radovic, and V. Doskovic. "The age and housing system effects on the growth of broilers." Biotehnologija u stocarstvu 23, no. 5-6-1 (2007): 519–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/bah0701519b.
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Bearing in mind certain established European Union regulations on the conventional extensive broiler rearing system as well as poultry breeding specificities of our country, experimental investigations were organized with the aim of making a comparison between broiler growth in two different non-industrial rearing systems. The systems included extensive fattening in a poultry house and free-range rearing. The fattening period in both rearing systems lasted up to the 63rd day of broiler age. During the fattening period chicken growth was controlled by individual chicken weighing on a weekly basis. Based on the research results it was determined that the growth of broilers in both rearing systems was similar up to the 49th day of age. The differences established were small and statistically insignificant (P>0.05). The controls at 56 and 63 days of age showed somewhat higher differences in mean body weights of chicks. The difference determined on the 63rd day was statistically significant (P<0.05). From the results mentioned it could be concluded that the differences in broiler growth between the rearing systems examined increased with the prolongation of the fattening period.
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Skrbic, Zdenka, Z. Pavlovski, and M. Lukic. "The effect of fattening duration in different rearing systems on slaughter traits of broiler chickens of genotype Redbro." Biotehnologija u stocarstvu 23, no. 3-4 (2007): 67–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/bah0704067s.
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Slow growing chickens of genotype Redbro, were reared in two systems in order to determine the effect of duration of fattening on values of slaughter yields/dressing percentages and shares of main carcass parts. Fattening of chickens in chicken coop to age of 84 days had considerable effect on increase of slaughter yields: "Conventional processing"(83.59%), "Ready to roast"(77.22%) and "Ready to grill"(67.17%) compared to 42nd day of age (82.21; 74.87 and 65.42%). Redbro chickens reared on free range had lower body masses compared to chickens reared from chicken coops in all investigated ages. Beside significant increase of body mass, longer fattening period influenced considerably decrease of share of back, pelvic and wings. In both rearing systems, prolonging of fattening had statistically significant effect on increase of share of abdominal fat. .
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Bogosavljevic-Boskovic, Snezana, Zlatica Pavlovski, Milun Petrovic, and Vladimir Doskovic. "Quantitative meat quality parameters of broilers from different rearing systems." Biotehnologija u stocarstvu 20, no. 3-4 (2004): 113–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/bah0404113b.
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Bearing in mind both certain established European Union regulations on the non-industrial poultry meat production and rearing specificities in our conditions, experimental investigations were conducted with the aim of examining the effect of two different rearing systems (outlet fattening and extensive rearing in the chicken-pen) on major quantitative characteristics of dressed broiler carcasses. The initial material used in the experiment consisted of one-day old chickens of the Hybro G strain. Following the 56-day fattening period, the shares of dressed carcasses, slaughter by-products, abdominal fat and basic carcass parts were determined by measuring at the slaughter line. Based upon the data mentioned, major quantitative meat parameters of trial broilers were calculated. The research results analyzed lead to the conclusion that there are no particularly significant differences between the outlet-reared broilers (one chick per square metre of the outlet area) and the extensively reared ones (12 broilers per square metre of the floor area) in terms of major slaughter characteristics.
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Pavlovski, Zlatica, M. Lukic, R. Cmiljanic, and Zdenka Skrbic. "Conformation measures on carcass of chickens." Biotehnologija u stocarstvu 22, no. 3-4 (2006): 83–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/bah0604083p.
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An example of measuring of conformation of chicken carcasses using the method applied in the Institute for Animal husbandry, Belgrade-Zemun is presented in this paper, as well as results of our previous research and more recent comparative investigations of different chicken genotypes used for fattening. In order to determine genetic improvement of hybrid which is used in certain research period in broiler production, we will present results of comparative research of different lines tested in years1983, 1993 and 2004. Investigation of the chicken conformation (with few typical chickens of each sex and hybrids) in broiler tests carried out in the Institute for Animal Husbandry, Belgrade-Zemun in 1981,1993 and 2004, showed that there were no significant differences in conformation between hybrids used in investigation periods in broiler production in our country. If we compare results of investigation obtained during 20 year period (from 1983 to 2004.), we can conclude that genetic-selection research have given considerable contribution to increase of the body mass of chickens, especially of breasts, and of breast angle.
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Kroupa, Leo, Pavel Suchý, Eva Straková, and Ivan Herzig. "Glycerol as source of energy in broiler chicken fattening." Acta Veterinaria Brno 80, no. 2 (2011): 157–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2754/avb201180020157.
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The objective of this study was to verify the possibility of replacing soybean oil in a diet with glycerol, and investigate the effect of glycerol on performance indicators and health in broiler chickens. The experiment was performed on 122 one-day-old chickens that were divided based on sex into two control groups (30 females and 31 males) and two experimental groups (30 females and 31 males). Half (50%) of the soybean oil in diets used in the experimental groups was replaced with glycerol at a ratio of 1:2. On 15, 32 and 38 day of age chickens of both sexes in the experimental group that were fed with diets containing glycerol showed significantly higher (p ≤ 0.01) mean body weight compared to the control group. At the end of the experiment, the mean weight of chickens in the control group was 2.078 kg, whereas the mean weight of chickens in the experimental group was 2.341 kg. In females, the overall consumption of diets within 38 days of fattening was 3.588 kg in the control group and 4.011 kg in the experimental group, in males, it was 3.915 kg in the control group and 4.366 kg in the experimental group, i.e. it was higher in experimental chickens. Feed conversion in chickens in experimental groups was better, being 1.84 kg in the control group and 1.81 kg in the experimental group in females, and 1.73 kg in the control group and 1.72 kg in the experimental group in males. It follows from our results that the optimum amount of glycerol in feed for poultry is 5%.This study presents an original solution to optimize feed formula by replacing plant oil with glycerol. The results of the study can improve production indicators and economy in broiler fattening.
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Pavlovski, Z., Z. Skrbic, M. Lukic, V. Petricevic, and A. Stanojkovic. "Carcass quality of chickens of different conformation." Biotehnologija u stocarstvu 30, no. 3 (2014): 473–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/bah1403473p.
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The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of conformation of chickens of different genotype on the yield of breast meat. As a typical example of the chickens of very poor conformation pure breed Naked neck chickens were taken, fattened 8 and 10 weeks (groups K8 and K10). As an example of good conformation, an imported hybrid of chickens was taken, known for its broiler qualities and as medium growing hybrid, Red Bro (R). The second experiment included commercial hybrids of fast growth (Ross, Cobb and Hubbard) reared according to all technological standards of intensive fattening until the age of 42 days. The results obtained were contrary to the conclusion obtained a few decades ago, at the beginning of the study the conformation of chicken, by Scots and Darrow (1953), according to which the selection of chickens of heavy type, despite the fact that, to some extent, it had improved meat yield of the breast, did not significantly improve slaughter traits of fattening chickens, confirming that better conformation and higher body weight had a positive impact on improving relative share of breast, i.e. white meat. The results regarding the slaughter traits of chicken genotypes of different conformation suggest that breeding - selection work to improve the conformation of broilers significantly improved slaughter yields and breast meat yield. In this sense, the conformation can be treated as an indicator of the slaughter value of carcasses, rather than an aesthetic category.
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Pavlovski, Z., Z. Skrbic, N. Stanisic, S. Lilic, B. Hengl, M. Lukic, and V. Petricevic. "Differences in fatty acid composition of meat between naked neck and two commercial broiler chicken breeds." Biotehnologija u stocarstvu 29, no. 3 (2013): 467–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/bah1303467p.
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Chicken meat from intensive broiler production have different quality compared with meat from native chicken breeds and chicken from a free range production system. The aim of the present study was to evaluate differences in fatty acids content of meat of Naked Neck chickens rared in free range system and two commercial broiler breeds (Cobb 308 and Hybro G+) reared in conventional production system. The trial involved 100 chickens per group. Fattening period lasted 42 days for conventional system and 84 days for free range system. Breast meat of Naked Neck chicken had statistically more 16:0 content compared with Cobb 308 (p?0.05), where in thigh meat the highest content of 16:0 was determined in Hybro G+ breed. Differences for fatty acids composition of breast meat between breeds were also established for 14:0, 17:0, 18:0, 16:1, 18:1, 18:2, 20:2, 22:1 and 22:5 fatty acid. The Naked Neck group showed the highest (p?0.05) percentage of SFA and the Cobb 308 showed the lowest in breast meat. Thigh SFA were also significantly different (p?0.05) between breeds, where Naked Neck chickens had the lowest and Hybro G+ the highest values. Breast MUFA were higher in Hybro G+ than in Naked Neck or Cobb 308 chickens, and thigh MUFA content had opposite trend and it was the lowest in Hybro G+ chicken. In conclusion, free ranged Naked Neck chickens have been shown to have significant different fatty acid composition compared with broiler chickens reared in conventional system.
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Demchyschyn, O. V., M. D. Kuhtyn, and Yu B. Perkiy. "Assessment of the Quality of Broiler Chicken Meat in case of Feeding the “Aquasan” Acidifier." Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 20, no. 88 (November 13, 2018): 85–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.32718/nvlvet8815.
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The acidifying agents are being used more often as an alternative to fodder antibiotics in order to preserve bird’s stock and increase productivity. We created the new liquid acidifier “Aquasan” for broiler chickens on the basis of organic and inorganic acids. The application of various feed additives or drugs to the diet of chickens leads to changes in the chemical composition of meat. The purpose of the paper was to research the slaughter qualities and the chemical composition of broiler chicken meat in case of feeding the stock with the “Aquasan” acidifier. The research was conducted on three groups of chicken broilers of the breed Ross 308 – 50 heads in each group. The first group of chickens was the control one, the second group of chickens was given the acidifier analogue called “FEEDACID MAX L”, and the third group was given the new acidifier “Aquasan”. The process of feeding of 0.1% of the working acidifier solutions was performed from the 27th day of fattening within 10 days (27th–31st and 34th–38th day). The growing period lasted 43 days. The moisture content of meat was determined by the method of drying, the content of protein – by the Kjeldahl method, total fat – by the Soxhlet method, the ash content – by the charring method. It has been established that the use of the “Aquasan” acidifier contributed to the increase in the productivity of broilers, the live weight of chickens on the 43rd day of breeding increased by 1.1 times (Р ≤ 0.05), and the weight of a carcass by 1.2 times (Р ≤ 0.05), in particular, by 310 g and 350 g, respectively. Also, the use of the acidifier allowed increasing the livability of chicken stock by 6% (Р ≤ 0.001). The average yield of carcasses of broilers increased by 4.4% (Р ≤ 0.05), which is 2% more than the standard values for this breed of chickens called Ross 308. With the use of the “Aquasan” acidifier, an increased content of dry matter in the broiler meat by 1.5% (Р ≤ 0.05) was noted and, accordingly, a decrease in the same percentage of moisture in meat. The protein content of chicken meat on the 43rd day of breeding increased by 0.9% (Р ≤ 0.05), ash increased by 0.3% (Р ≤ 0.05), and the fat content decreased by 0.4% (Р ≤ 0.05). Similar changes in slaughter rates and chemical composition of chicken meat were also observed in case of feeding the acidifier analogue “FEEDACID MAX L”; the difference compared with the new “Aquasan” acidifier was insignificant. Consequently, the feeding of the liquid acidifier “Aquasan” to chicken broilers from the 27th day of their breeding does not lead to deterioration in the quality of the slaughter and the chemical composition of poultry meat.
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Demchyschyn, O. V., M. D. Kuhtyn, and Yu B. Perkiy. "Toxicity and Biological Value of Broiler Chicken Meat in case of Feeding the “Aquasan” Acidifier." Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 20, no. 92 (December 10, 2018): 94–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.32718/nvlvet9218.
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Employees of the Ternopil Research Station on the basis of organic and inorganic acids created a new liquid acidifier for broiler chickens called the “Aquasan”. It positively affects the preservation, productivity and constant microflora of the digestive tract in chickens. An important indicator of meat is its harmlessness and biological value. The purpose of the paper was to research the toxicity and biological value of chicken meat in case of feeding the stock with the “Aquasan” acidifier. The research was conducted on three groups of chicken broilers of the breed Ross 308–50 heads in each group. The first group of chickens was the control one, and the second group of chickens was fed with 0.1 % solution of the “Aquasan” acidifier from the 27th day of fattening within 10 days (27th–31st and 34th–38th days). The growing period lasted 43 days. Toxico-biological evaluation of chicken meat was carried out by express method using infusorias Tetrachymena pyriformis. Study of toxicity of pectoral and thigh muscles of the chickens have shown that within 24 hours of observing the infusorias, there was no death or inhibition of growth in an environment. Only on the 24th hour of observing in the experimental and control groups, there were infusorias with changes in shape and nature of movement in the amount of 0.1–0.2% cultures. The results of the research indicate that there is no acute and subacute toxicity of broiler meat in case of feeding the Acquasan acidifier. After 96 hours of research, 0.5–0.6 % of dead infusorias was found in samples of pectoral and thigh muscles in both groups. Also, there were infusorias with changes in shape and nature of movement on the 4th day, 0.3–0.4% and 0.2–0.3% respectively. There were no changes in growth of infusorias in the test group. Comparing the results of studies with control samples, it can be noted that the broiler chicken meat does not exhibit chronic toxicity. During 96 hours of research on the toxicity of chicken meat, no significant changes were found in the experimental group. Consequently, chicken meat from broilers grown with the use of “Aquasan” acidifier according to the express method is non-toxic, i.e. harmless for consumption. During the study of biological value of chicken meat, calculation of number of infusorias who grew up on the 4th day in the environment of the research samples of pectoral and thigh muscles, showed a lack of credible changes in their number as compared with the control. The absence of a reliable decrease in the relative biological value of meat indicates the high quality of the broiler chicken product in case of feeding them with the “Aquasan” acidifier.
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Peric, L., D. Zikic, and M. Lukic. "Application of alternative growth promoters in broiler production." Biotehnologija u stocarstvu 25, no. 5-6-1 (2009): 387–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/bah0906387p.
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Subsequent to banning of use of antibiotics as growth promoter sin poultry nutrition, numerous studies turned to finding of alternative solutions, i.e. other, natural substances, which would have positive effect on chicken growth and feed conversion. Today, several groups of these additives are in use, and most often probiotics, prebiotics, enzymes, acidifiers, antioxidants and phytogene additives. Considering that each of the stated groups has its own specificities, objective of this work was to present main mechanism of their action and to present their effect on production results in fattening of broiler chickens through review of research published in this field.
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Hudák, Marek, Boris Semjon, Dana Marcinčáková, Lukáš Bujňák, Pavel Naď, Beáta Koréneková, Jozef Nagy, Martin Bartkovský, and Slavomír Marcinčák. "Effect of Broilers Chicken Diet Supplementation with Natural and Acidified Humic Substances on Quality of Produced Breast Meat." Animals 11, no. 4 (April 10, 2021): 1087. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11041087.
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This study was conducted to examine the effect of two humic substances (HS) supplemented in broilers’ diet on the breast meat quality of broiler chickens. In this experiment, 120 pieces of one-day-old COBB500 broiler chickens were used. Broilers were divided into three groups, each containing 40 birds with three replications (13, 13, and 14 per one pen). Fattening lasted 38 days. The first experimental diet was supplemented with 0.7% of HS (HS0.7) and the second was enriched with 0.7% of acidified HS (HSA0.7). The control group of broilers (C) was fed a basal diet without the addition of any supplements. HS0.7 samples had the highest total protein content and the lowest content of fat (p < 0.01). The effects of broiler diet and storage had a significant impact on the pH of breast samples, p < 0.001 and p < 0.05, respectively. Supplementation of HS in broiler diet positively affected the lipid oxidation of breast meat samples, as indicated by the lower malondialdehyde content (p < 0.05). HSA0.7 samples had significantly better juiciness after the storage period (p < 0.001). The quality of meat produced with supplementation of HS in broilers’ feed can be considered as valuable in human nutrition due to improved protein and fat content with decreased lipid oxidation.
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Kaewkot, C., J. Ruangsuriya, M. Kreuzer, and S. Jaturasitha. "Carcass and meat quality of crossbreds of Thai indigenous chickens and Rhode Island Red layer chickens as compared with the purebreds and with broilers." Animal Production Science 60, no. 3 (2020): 454. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an18759.
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Context In order to maintain the availability of meat from indigenous chicken types in remote Asian regions with their special meat quality, novel ways of increasing efficiency are needed. One way could consist of crossbreeding with layer type chickens that are genetically quite distant from indigenous breeds. Aim The three hypotheses tested were as follows: that the meat quality of indigenous chickens differs from that of broilers; that the meat quality of male layer chickens resembles that of indigenous chickens rather than that of broilers; and that crossbreds of indigenous chickens and layer types overall are superior to the respective purebreds. Methods We studied carcass and meat quality of crossbreds of Thai indigenous Pradu Hang Dam (PD) and Rhode Island Red (RR) layers, and compared them with the corresponding purebreds and a commercial broiler type (Ross) in a complete randomised design. Chickens were reared in 4 × 5 pens with 10 chickens each for 120 days (Ross: 45 days). Key results The crossbreds were superior to PD and RR in body and carcass weight, as well as breast meat percentage, but in Ross the latter was 1.7 times higher. The Ross meat was lighter, more yellow and less red and had a higher intramuscular fat content and drip loss and a lower thawing loss and shear force than that of the three other types. Nucleotide content was either similar in all chicken types or lower in Ross meat. Ross meat was more susceptible to lipid oxidation than that of the three other types although the Ross muscles lipids contained less polyunsaturated fatty acids. Conclusion Considering the better carcass yield and breast meat proportion, crossbreeding of indigenous chickens with a layer breed likely is be economically advantageous. Implications Overall, fattening of crossbreds turned out to be a valid alternative to improve fattening systems and to preserve the specific meat quality of indigenous chickens.
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Hen, Gideon, Sara Yosefi, Victoria Simchaev, Dmitry Shinder, Victor J. Hruby, and Miriam Friedman-Einat. "The melanocortin circuit in obese and lean strains of chicks." Journal of Endocrinology 190, no. 2 (August 2006): 527–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.1.06783.
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Agonists of membranal melanocortin 3 and 4 receptors (MC3/4Rs) are known to take part in the complex control mechanism of energy balance. In this study, we compared the physiological response to an exogenous MC3/4R agonist and the hypothalamic expression of proopic melanocortin (POMC) gene, encoding few MC3/4R ligands, between broiler and layer chicken strains. These strains, representing the two most prominent commercial strains of chickens grown for meat (broilers) and egg production (layers), differ in their food intake, fat accumulation, and reproductive performance and, therefore, form a good model of obese and lean phenotypes, respectively. A single i.v. injection of the synthetic peptide melanotan-II (MT-II; 1 mg/kg body weight) into the wing vein of feed-restricted birds led to attenuation of food intake upon exposure to feeding ad libitum in both broiler and layer chickens. A study of the POMC mRNA encoding the two prominent natural MC3/4R agonists, α-MSH and ACTH, also revealed a general similarity between the strains. Under feeding conditions ad libitum, POMC mRNA levels were highly similar in chicks of both strains and this level was significantly reduced upon feed restriction. However, POMC mRNA down-regulation upon feed restriction was more pronounced in layers than in broilers. These results suggest: (i) a role for MC3/4R agonists in the control of appetite; (ii) that the physiological differences between broilers and layers are not related to unresponsiveness of broiler chickens to the satiety signal of MC3/4R ligands. Therefore, these findings suggest that artificial activation of this circuit in broiler chicks could help to accommodate with their agricultural shortcomings of overeating, fattening, and impaired reproduction.
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Revajova, V., R. Herich, V. Seman, M. Levkut Jr, M. Levkutova, V. Karaffova, and M. Levkut. "An unusual outbreak of inclusion body hepatitis on a broiler chicken farm: a case report." Veterinární Medicína 62, No. 11 (November 16, 2017): 631–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/95/2017-vetmed.
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This study investigated an outbreak of inclusion body hepatitis in ROSS 308 hybrid broiler type chickens between 19 and 25 days of fattening. For this purpose, clinical observation, ELISA fowl adenovirus and chicken anaemia virus antibody detection in serum at 21 and 42 days, mortality evaluation, epidemiological analysis, histology and genetic identification were performed. The six flocks of the farm consisted of 90,000 chickens. Only one flock of 15,000 chickens was affected on this farm. At 19 days of age, ill chickens showed clinical signs of depression, anorexia, somnolence, ruffled feathers, anaemic comb and wattles and occasionally nervous signs. Based on ELISA titres, the antibody response to fowl adenovirus increased greatly from 21 to 42 days. The antibody response to vaccination against infectious bursal disease virus and chicken anaemia virus was at the expected level in all broiler flocks. Necropsy showed diffuse petechial and ecchymotic haemorrhages in skeletal muscles, liver, pancreas, kidney, together with hepatomegaly, splenomegaly and catarrhal enteritis. Histologically, fatty liver degeneration, multifocal liver necrosis and intranuclear inclusions in hepatocytes, as well as focal necrosis in pancreas and spleen parenchyma were seen. The DNA of AAV-1 (avian adenovirus group 1) was detected using the PCR method in paraffin-embedded liver samples. The results revealed no association of inclusion body hepatitis with infectious bursal disease virus or chicken anaemia virus infection, and suggested primary disease. However, the involvement of only one chicken flock on the farm remains unexplained.
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Suchý, P., E. Straková, V. Kummer, I. Herzig, V. Písaříková, R. Blechová, and J. Mašková. "Hepatoprotective Effects of Milk Thistle (Silybum marianum) Seed Cakes during the Chicken Broiler Fattening." Acta Veterinaria Brno 77, no. 1 (2008): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2754/avb200877010031.
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The objective of this work was to verify the hepatoprotective effects of Silybum marianum seed cakes in feed mixtures used for the fattening of chicken broilers to heavier weights. Part of the experiment was to verify the preventive effect of such modified feed mixtures with the use of chlortetracycline medication. The experiment was carried out on 180 ROSS 308 broiler chickens. The chickens were fed complete feed mixtures containing 0.0% (K), 0.2% (P1 and 1.0% (P2) of Silybum marianum seed cakes. The cakes used contained 2.95% of silymarin. On the 44th day of fattening half of the chickens from every group were supplied with chlortetracycline medicated water at a dose of 2 g kg1 live weight. The selected biochemical indices were observed: cholesterol (Chol), glutamyl transferase (GMT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). On the 52nd day of the test, six chickens from each group were euthanized and their liver was taken for histological examination. Adding Silybum marianum seed cakes resulted in a non-significant decrease in the chickens' live weight and in the feed conversion in both experimental groups compared to the control group. The cholesterol levels were highly significantly lower (p < 0.01) on the 43rd day in group P2, and significantly lower (p < 0.05) on the 52nd day in group P1 when compared to the control group (K). Also the ALT and AST activity was lower (p < 0.01) in both experimental groups on the 22nd day of the experiment. On the 52nd day the lower activity (p < 0.01) was found only for AST in both experimental groups. In the chlortetracycline medicated group P2, cholesterol level (p < 0.05) as well as ALT activity and AST activity decreased (p < 0.01), compared to the medicated control group. Results of biochemical analyses were also confirmed by histological examination of the liver. Administration of silymarin reduced (p < 0.01) the content of lipids and increased the content of glycogen in the liver of both experimental groups.
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Knížatová, M., Š. Mihina, J. Brouček, I. Karandušovská, G. J. Sauter, and J. Mačuhová. "Effect of the age and season of fattening period on carbon dioxide emissions from broiler housing." Czech Journal of Animal Science 55, No. 10 (November 1, 2010): 436–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/1701-cjas.
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The quantification of emissions of greenhouse gases from human activities is of prime importance for determining the importance of their effect on the environment. The aim of this study was to test a hypothesis that the interior concentration and emission of carbon dioxide in chicken housing is impacted by the age of animals and season of fattening period. Carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) concentrations and emissions were assessed over six fattening periods in total. The major part of CO<sub>2</sub> seemed to have its origin in bird respiration with assumed production of approx. 147 kg of CO2/h. CO<sub>2</sub> emission was most affected by chickens towards the end of the grow-out period (P < 0.001) taking dominance over the process of natural gas burning by heaters. The mean CO<sub>2</sub> emission from the chicken house ranged between 120 and 247 kg/h in the first quarter of periods and between 325 and 459 kg/h in the last ones. The heaters could be theoretically a possible source of approx. 39 kg each hour if they worked continuously. CO<sub>2</sub> emissions were considerably more affected by ventilation rate (P < 0.001) than by CO<sub>2</sub> concentration in the indoor air.
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Nufer, A. I., and E. V. Shatskikh. "The effect of herbal supplements on development of internal organs and chemical composition of broilers muscles." Theory and practice of meat processing 6, no. 2 (July 29, 2021): 141–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.21323/2414-438x-2021-6-2-141-150.
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The present article presents data on effectiveness of adding a phytobiotic feed additive into the diet of broiler chickens, either additionally or replacing the feed antibiotic in the chicken fodder. It has been established that the introduction of a phytobiotic feed additive into the broilers’ diet, both additionally and by replacing the feed antibiotic, provided positive effect on poultry meat quality and gave no negative effect on development of internal organs. By the end of fattening the relative weight of heart, lungs, kidneys, gizzard and intestines in broilers, which consumed the antibiotics-free diet with addition of researched preparation, was higher than in the control group and in the 1st experimental group. At the same time the length of the intestine in researched group significantly exceeded the control group parameters. These changes ranged within the physiological norm, which may indicate the best detoxification capabilities of the chicken body and the activation of enhanced intestinal absorption function. Additional use of the experimental feed additive in formulation of feed for broiler chickens was accompanied by a decrease in total amount of amino acids in broilers’ pectoral and leg muscles within acceptable physiological limits. At the same time, a significant decrease, compared with the control parameters, was noted in relation to content of histidine and isoleucine in pectoral muscles, and content of proline in leg muscles. The use of the researched additive as a substitute for a feed antibiotic in composition of mixed feed for broilers decreased the total amount of amino acids in broilers’ breast muscle, compared with the control group, and increased level of amino acids in leg muscles. The significant decrease in content of histidine and arginine in the pectoral muscles and proline in the leg muscles was noted. The observed changes varied within acceptable physiological norm. In the experimental groups the energy value of meat was increased.
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Шилов, Валентин, Valentin Shilov, Гузалия Хакимова, Guzaliya Hakimova, Ольга Семина, Ol'ga Semina, Альфия Ахмадуллина, and Al'fiya Ahmadullina. "EFFICIENCY OF BROILER-CHICKENS CULTIVATION AT INCLUSION OF “BISFENOL-5” ANTIOXIDANT IN THE RATION." Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University 12, no. 4 (March 15, 2018): 106–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_5a8449a61aa6b0.55878034.
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The main task in meat poultry production is to obtain products in a short period of fattening with the minimum feed costs. In economic terms, fodders occupy the largest share in the cost structure of poultry meat. The feed in its composition and properties should satisfy the physiological needs of the chicken, as much as possible, and this, in turn, directly depends on its usefulness and quality. In this regard, the actual issue of feeding is the use of antioxidants to improve the conservation of feed and optimize metabolism in the body of the bird. The inclusion of “Bisfenol-5” antioxidant in full-feed mixed doses in doses of 0.002-0.015% of the feed weight positively affected the growth rate of broiler chickens and feed conversion. The highest effect was obtained with the addition of “Bisfenol-5” in the amount of 0.008% to the compound feed. The use of antioxidant-enriched mixed fodder for growing chicken broilers allowed to increase meat production to 17.5%, to increase feed conversion to 12.1%, to reduce the cost of 1 kg of live weight gain to 6.99 rubles and to improve the efficiency index to 0.2 points.
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Bogosavljević-Bosković, S., V. Kurćubić, M. Petrović, and V. Dosković. "The effects of season and rearing systems on meat quality traits." Czech Journal of Animal Science 51, No. 8 (December 5, 2011): 369–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/3953-cjas.
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With the aim to examine the effect of season and rearing system on major broiler meat quality traits appropriate experimental investigations were conducted. Trial material included a total of 800 one-day-old broilers of the Hybro line hybrid. The experiment was organized in two replications, as trial I (conducted in the spring season) and trial II (conducted in the summer season). Two broiler fattening methods were employed, the intensive and semi-intensive one (using free-range rearing). The experimental chicks were slaughtered after seven weeks of fattening. Following the fattening period, 60 broilers (30 broilers from each experimental group) were chosen at random and slaughtered, with the aim of examining major broiler meat quality traits. At the slaughter line, determination of meat quantitative traits was done accompanied by sampling for chemical analyses. The rearing systems (intensive and semi-intensive system) affected significantly (P < 0.05) the proportion of class I meat in the broilers reared under the semi-intensive system, whereas in the class II and III meat proportions the rearing system did not exert any statistically significant effect (P > 0.05). The broilers reared under the semi-intensive system had a 1.44% higher proportion of muscular tissue on average than the intensively reared ones (P < 0.01). The bone and skin proportion was 0.82 and 0.67% lower in the broilers reared by the semi-intensive method (P < 0.05). The differences between the results of two trials organised at different seasons were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). The broilers reared semi-intensively had a statistically highly significantly higher protein proportion (P < 0.01) in breasts, drumsticks and thighs compared to the intensively reared broilers. The broilers reared in the summer season had higher breast and drumstick proportions (P < 0.01) as well as a higher thigh proportion (P < 0.05). The effect of both the season and the rearing system on the lipid content in the breasts, thighs and drumsticks was statistically highly significant (P < 0.01). The lipid content in the breasts, thighs and drumsticks was higher in the broilers during the summer season as well as in the intensively reared chicken. Finally, having thoroughly examined the research results, or more precisely, considering the established advantages in terms of the meat quality, the use of the free-range broiler rearing system can be deemed scientifically and professionally justifiable.
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Šranková, Veronika, Jana Lendelová, Štefan Mihina, Miroslav Žitňák, and Gregorz Nawalany. "Mortality of Broiler Chickens During Summer Fattening Periods Affected by Microclimatic Conditions." Acta Technologica Agriculturae 22, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 22–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ata-2019-0005.
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Abstract Mortality of chickens during two summer fattening periods L1 and L2 in commonly used halls for chicken fattening in Slovakia have been evaluated in this paper. Effect of microclimatic conditions in housing area on recorded mortality has been analysed. Mortality was assessed in six halls, microclimate parameters and surface temperatures were continually measured only in one of the middle halls. It was documented that high mortality occurred during summer in the last phase (P3) of fattening period due to sudden hot weather waves. Daily mortality rate varied up to 447 birds in evaluated hall 3. During the last third of both fattening periods, it was significantly higher than during the first two phases (PL1 = 0.0036; PL2 = 1.4·10−6). Differences among halls were insignificant (PL1 = 0.614; PL2 = 0.413). In L1, average daily temperatures went beyond the recommended temperatures from 21st to 31st day. During L2, it was from 29th to 31st day and from 36th to 38th. The extra high mortality occurred in L1 on 31st day (447 birds) and during L2 on 36th day (88 birds), 37th day (96 birds) and 38th day (155 birds). High differential temperatures have been recorded and uninterrupted time periods (6 hours or more) with temperature higher than 30 °C and/or the relative humidity (RH) exceeding 70% were occurred during these days. In order to eliminate effect of sudden hot weather waves, modern digitally controlled microclimate regulation technologies (heat pumps, floor cooling, etc.) can be used, supported by data obtained from detailed microclimate analysis documented in this paper.
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Tolimir, N., Z. Pavlovski, S. Mitrovic, M. Blagojevic, and N. Anokic. "Quality of meat from broilers fed concentrate mixtures with different chromium source and level." Biotehnologija u stocarstvu 23, no. 5-6-2 (2007): 311–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/bah0702311t.
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Objective of the paper was to investigate if adding of chromium in different forms (organic and inorganic) and levels (quantities) to mixtures for broilers has any effect on broiler meat traits. Investigation was carried out on 840 chickens divided into four groups - treatments. Differences between groups (treatments) were in the form (organic and inorganic) and quantity of added chromium preparation (200 and 400 ppb) in basic mixtures for chicken nutrition. At the end of fattening (42 days) 48 broilers were dissected and shares of certain tissues in breasts, thighs and drumsticks were determined as well as chemical composition and tenderness of meat. Based on obtained results it can be concluded that adding of chromium in the amount of 200ppb resulted in statistically very significant increase of share muscle tissue and decrease of share of fat tissue in breasts, also tendency of improvement of the muscle tenderness of breasts and drumsticks was registered. When chromium was added in the amount of 400ppb, tendency of decrease of fat content of white meat was registered. No statistically significant differences were established in case of addition of 200ppb of chromium in regard to share of muscle and fat tissue in breasts, chemical composition and tenderness of broiler meat.
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Grabarević, Ž., P. Džaja, J. Perić, V. Šerman, Z. Biđin, H. Mazija, N. Mas, et al. "Effects of Cimetidine on Broiler Fattening and on Stress-Induced Gizzard Erosion in Chicken." Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 47, no. 2 (April 1999): 233–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/004.47.1999.2.8.
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The work describes the effects of cimetidine on stress-induced gizzard erosions (Experiment A) and the influence of the long-term application (42 days) of the same drug on weight gain and feed consumption during broiler fattening (Experiment B). For Experiment A, 60 male, three-day-old chicks were divided into two groups: C (n = 30) - control chicks treated with 0.5 ml saline; CIM (n = 30) - chicks treated with cimetidine in a dose of 5 mg/kg body weight (b. w.) in-tragastrically. All chicks were stressed using a modified water-immersion stress method according to which the chicks, after 24 h of feed deprivation, were immersed in tap water (17 °C) for a few seconds. Under chloroform anaesthesia ten chicks from each group were killed 1, 2 and 3 h after the stressing. The morphometric analysis of gizzard erosion (GE) and histopathological examinations of gizzards were performed for each chick. In Experiment B, 32 one-day-old broilers of both sexes were used. The control group was untreated (n = 16) while the CIM group (n = 16) was fed the same diet supplemented with 10 mg of cimetidine per kilogram of feed throughout the fattening period (42 days). The results of Experiment A showed decreased mean length of the GE in the cimetidine-treated birds as compared with the GE lesions of the controls. In Experiment B, the treated chicks had reduced liveweight (1835.1 g), carcass weight (1474.6 g) and increased feed consumption (2115 g of feed per kilogram of weight gain) compared to the controls in which the same parameters were 1898.5 g, 1574.2 g and 1797 g, respectively. The results show that while stress-induced GE of chicks can be medicated pharmacologically, long-term application of the same substance impairs the results of fattening.
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Krejčí-Treu, Tereza, Eva Straková, Pavel Suchý, and Ivan Herzig. "Effect of Vegetable Oil Fortified Feeds on the Content of Fatty Acids in Breast and Thigh Muscles in Broiler Chickens." Acta Veterinaria Brno 79, no. 9 (2010): S21—S28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2754/avb201079s9s021.
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The main objective of this work was to compare the effect of six vegetable oils added to feeding mixtures that were administered to broiler chickens on the content of major fatty acids in chicken meat. The experiment started with 90 one-day-old Ross 308 meat hybrid male chickens that were divided into six groups. Chickens were fed complete feeding mixtures for the prefattening (BR1), fattening (BR2), and post-fattening (BR3) of broiler chickens. The BR1 feeding mixture was administered to chickens aged 1-10 days, the BR2 feeding mixture was given from Day 11 to Day 30, and the BR3 feeding mixture was then administered until Day 42. The BR1 feeding mixture that was administered to all six groups during the first ten days of the experiment was supplemented with soybean oil. BR2 and BR3 feeding mixtures used to feed chickens aged 11-42 days were fortified with soybean oil (SO Group), rapeseed oil (RO Group), sunflower oil (SFO Group), flaxseed oil (FO Group), olive oil (OO Group), and evening primrose oil (EPO Group). The vegetable oils used differed by the composition of fatty acids, particularly by the content of oleic acid, linoleic acid, α-linolenic acid. The use of the above-described experimental diets in young broilers from Day 11 to 42 had a significant effect on the content of fatty acids in the fat from breast and thigh muscles. The content of α-linolenic acid in breast and thigh muscles of broilers that received the feed containing flaxseed oil (21.16 g/100 g of oil and 17.13 g/100 g of oil, respectively) significantly increased (p ⪬ 0.01). The highest content of linoleic acid (p ⪬ 0.01) in breast and thigh muscles was found in chickens that were fed the feed containing primrose oil (59.13 g/100 g and 51.71 g/100 g). A significant increase (p ⪬ 0.01) in the level of oleic acid was detected in both breast and thigh muscles of broilers that received olive oil fortified feed (52.44 g/100 g and 43.70 g/100 g of oil). No significant variation was found in the content of palmitic acid and palmitooleic acid. The levels of oleic acid, linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid in feeding mixtures correlated with those found in breast and thigh muscles (r = 0.88; 0.94 and 0.99; r = 0.99; 0.98 and 0.99).
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Janocha, Alina, Anna Milczarek, and Daria Pietrusiak. "Impact of Milk Thistle (Silybum marianum [L.] Gaertn.) Seeds in Broiler Chicken Diets on Rearing Results, Carcass Composition, and Meat Quality." Animals 11, no. 6 (May 26, 2021): 1550. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11061550.
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The studies aimed to evaluate the impact of milk thistle seeds in broiler chicken feed rations on rearing results, carcass composition and meat quality. The experiment involved 120 broiler chickens randomly allocated to three equinumerous groups (C, MT02, MT23). Each group was divided into five subgroups of eight chickens each. Over the first 21 days of life the birds were fed starter rations, and over the following 21 days received grower rations. Chicken starter/grower diets in groups MT02 and MT23 were supplemented with ground seeds of milk thistle in the amount of 0/2% (MT02) and 2/3% (MT23). It was demonstrated that Silybum marianum added to feed rations over the whole rearing period (group MT23) increased above 3% the birds’ body weight on rearing day 42. (p < 0.05) and decreased about 7% the feed conversion ratio (p < 0.05) in comparison to group C. No effect of feeding on the carcass composition was observed, including on muscularity and fattening grade, although diets containing milk thistle reduced (by 15% and 19% in group MT02 and MT23, respectively) the content of crude fat in chicken leg muscles (p < 0.05). The highest (p < 0.05) content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) was determined in the breast (38.06%) and leg (37.63%) muscles of chicken receiving feed rations containing Silybum marianum throughout the rearing period. No effect of nutrition on the evaluated physical properties of muscles was observed, except on the decrease in lightness color (L*) and increase in values a* and C as well as a decrease of water holding capacity of the breast muscles. It was found that Silybum marianum in chicken diets had a positive effect on the evaluated meat flavor characteristics of the muscles. To sum up, based on the study results, including ground seeds of milk thistle in broiler chickens nutrition can be recommended in the amount of 2/3% in starter/grower diets, respectively.
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Kiss, István. "Effect of change of natural efficiency indicators for profitability of broiler chicken fattening." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 45 (May 2, 2012): 57–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/45/2393.
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I consider it important that the fattening of broiler producers in an economic sense to remain alive in the present difficult situation. This does not mean to me, that just does not generate a loss, but they do remain in their activities after income. Because if you do not have sufficient income in a given sector then the technology becomes obsolete over time and income deficit due to the possible improvements are still lagging behind, resulting in competitive disadvantages occur. The natural efficiency remains a priority, because fundamentally determine our competitiveness in the broiler production. In the present study, scenario analysis can prove the veracity of my claim, in point of the three most important natural efficiency indicators. The natural efficiency indicators of a company compared to the natural effectiveness of our country and the our competitions (Western-European countries).
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Nikolova, N., Z. Pavlovski, N. Milosevic, and L. Peric. "The effect of different energy and proteins levels in diet on production parameters of broiler chicken from two genotypes." Biotehnologija u stocarstvu 23, no. 5-6-1 (2007): 551–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/bah0701551n.
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The aim of this work is to examine the influence of various systems of diet on production parameters of broilers from two different genotypes. The examination was done in a production farm for intensive fattening of broilers in R. Macedonia. Broilers from genotype Hubbard Classic and Cobb 500, 2400 one-day chickens all together sorted out in 16 separated and marked boxes have been used as a material. In each box were put 150 chickens, which contained four different treatments (two different hybrids x two diets) and four repetitions in one turns. Starter mixture was used during I-II weeks, grower for III weeks, then finisher 1 from IV-VI week, and finisher 2 for VII weeks of broilers fattening. Chemical structure of the first mixture (diet 1) had higher level of energy and proportion E:P, while the second mixture had higher level of proteins and lower values of proportion E:P. During the fattening the production parameters of the examining chickens: body mass, daily gain, feed consumption, and conversions were regularly observed. All data have been processed by computer subprogram Basic Statistic and Anova. Chickens, which were fed with the first mixture 1, had higher body mass between the period of II-VII week than the chickens fed with the second mixture and these differences were statistically significant. Total feed consumption and mostly per week was insignificantly bigger at the chickens from the genotype Hubbard in the proportion with the feed consumption of the chickens Cobb. The effect of the various substances (energetic-protein) was insignificant at the feed consumption, but significant (p<0,05) at the feed conversion.
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Babińska, Izabella, Katarzyna Kleczek, Józef Szarek, and Włodzimierz Makowski. "Modulating Effect of Propolis and Bee Pollen on Chicken Breeding Parameters and Pathomorphology of Liver And Kidneys in the Course of Natural Infection with Salmonella Enteritidis." Bulletin of the Veterinary Institute in Pulawy 56, no. 1 (March 1, 2012): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10213-012-0001-9.
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Abstract The liver and kidneys of broilers fed during the first two weeks of fattening a fodder containing the addition of 0.025% propolis and/or 0.5% pollen were examined macroscopically and microscopically. Additionally, the effects of these substances on the results of breeding and on pathomorphology of the liver and kidneys in the course of natural, asymptomatic infection with Salmonella Enteritidis were determined. The results demonstrated that propolis has protective effects on the liver of broiler chickens, reducing the intensity of regressive lesions. However, regarding supplementation of the diet with bee pollen, additional research on its effects in animals is needed.
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Miljkovic, B., Z. Skrbic, Z. Pavlovski, M. Lukic, V. Ivetic, B. Kureljusic, and V. Petricevic. "Foot-pad dermatitis in commercial broilers." Biotehnologija u stocarstvu 28, no. 4 (2012): 835–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/bah1204835m.
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In the present experiment, the presence of mycological agents in chickens with skin lesions on foot pads was investigated, in order to improve the health of broiler chickens. Foot-pad dermatitis (FPD) is described in the literature as dermatitis caused by multifactor causes. The presence of irritating chemical substances in the litter, genetic predispositions of hybrids, immune suppressive diseases of chickens, as well as the composition of commercial broiler diets that influence the occurrence of wet litter, are proven factors that contribute to a more intensive incidence of foot-pad dermatitis. Foot-pad dermatitis is a condition characterized by lesions on metatarsal and digital ventral skin of poultry feet. It is type of contact dermatitis which in severe cases shows slower weight gain, poor health condition and welfare. Taking into consideration the literature data, chickens reared in closed facilities where the bacterial and mycological agents are present partly in the litter if not properly disinfected, but also in the food or the chicken plumage, we wanted to investigate their presence in the skin of foot pads. The study was focused on incidence of foot-pad dermatitis in 500 one day old broiler chickens of Hubbard genotype, in two feeding (standard/economical) programs for broilers available on our market. Chopped straw was used as litter. At the end of fattening, all chickens were examined for the presence of lesions on the skin of the feet. Total of 39 chickens were allocated to the intensity of the lesion on foot pads rated as 2 (mild) and 3 (severe). In the mycological examination of the 9 samples of autoclaved chicken legs with lesions on the feet, we have isolated and identified the presence of fungi /mould Aspergillus fumigatus. The histopathology investigation, during which the tissue section from mild and severe skin foot pads was collected and stained using Hematoxylin and eosin, revealed the hyperkeratosis, panniculitis, ballooning degeneration and dermis inflammation. No fungal elements were observed in the sections of pads stained with Gomori methenamine silver. Birds are especially susceptible to infection with Aspergillus fumigatus. That species of fungus is also classified as allergenic factor.
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Bersényi, A., S. Gy Fekete, M. Szilágyi, Erzsébet Berta, L. Zöldág, and R. Glávits. "Effects of nickel supply on the fattening performance and several biochemical parameters of broiler chickens and rabbits." Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 52, no. 2 (April 1, 2004): 185–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/avet.52.2004.2.7.
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Broiler chicken and rabbit experiments were carried out to study the effects of nickel (Ni) supplementation on growth performance and Ni metabolism. ROSS cockerels and New Zealand White female rabbits were fed a diet containing Ni in concentrations of 0, 50 and 500 mg/kg in dry matter (DM). Dietary supplementation of 50 mg Ni/kg slightly improved the body weight gain (BWG) and had a beneficial effect on the feed conversion efficiency (FCE) in broiler chickens. However, Ni added at a level of 500 mg/kg significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the BWG by 10% and resulted in significantly (P < 0.05) worse (2.3 ± 0.2 kg/kg) FCE. The relative weight of the liver in cockerels was significantly (P < 0.05) decreased by Ni as compared to the control group (1.7 and 2.1% vs. 2.6%). The activity of AST and CHE enzymes was increased insignificantly by dietary supplementation of 500 mg Ni/kg, indicating damage of the liver parenchyma. The results of serum biochemistry were confirmed by a mild or moderate form of pathological focal fatty infiltration of the liver in broilers. Supplemental Ni of 50 mg/kg concentration resulted in non-significantly increased BWG in rabbits. Ni added to the diet at a level of 500 mg/kg reduced the digestibility of crude protein by 3-4% and that of crude fibre by 20-25% in rabbits. Approx. 98% of the ingested Ni was lost from the body via the faeces, 0.5-1.5% via the urine and approx. 1% was incorporated into the organs of rabbits. As a result of dietary supplementation of 50 and 500 mg Ni/kg, Ni accumulated in the kidneys (4.9 ± 0.5 and 17.1 ± 3.1 vs. 1.9 ± 0.3 mg/kg DM), ribs (10.3 ± 0.4 and 10.4 ± 0.6 vs. 9.1 ± 0.6 mg/kg DM), heart (1.4 ± 0.2 and 2.5 ± 0.4 vs. 1.0 ± 0.1 mg/kg DM) and liver (1.3 ± 0.1 and 2.2 ± 0.2 vs. 0.9 ± 0.05 mg/kg DM), as compared to the control animals. It can be stated that supplementation of the diet with 50 mg Ni/kg had slight but non-significant beneficial effects on the growth performance of broiler chickens and rabbits.
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Szott, V., B. Reichelt, T. Alter, A. Friese, and U. Roesler. "In vivo efficacy of carvacrol on Campylobacter jejuni prevalence in broiler chickens during an entire fattening period." European Journal of Microbiology and Immunology 10, no. 3 (October 14, 2020): 131–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/1886.2020.00011.
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AbstractCarvacrol, a primary constituent of plant essential oils (EOs), and its antimicrobial activity have been the subject of many in vitro studies. Due to an increasing demand for alternative antimicrobials and an emerging number of antibiotic resistant bacteria, the use of essential oils has played a major role in many recent approaches to reduce Campylobacter colonization in poultry before slaughter age. For that purpose, the reducing effect of carvacrol on Campylobacter jejuni prevalence in broilers was determined in vivo in an experimental broiler chicken model during an entire fattening period. Carvacrol was added to the feed in a concentration of 120 mg/kg feed four days post hatch until the end of the trial. In this study, we demonstrated a statistically significant decrease of C. jejuni counts by 1.17 decadic logarithm (log10) most probable number (MPN)/g in cloacal swabs during starter and grower periods (corresponding to a broilers age between 1 and 28 days). Similar results were observed for colon enumeration at the end of the trial where C. jejuni counts were significantly reduced by 1.25 log10 MPN/g. However, carvacrol did not successfully reduce Campylobacter cecal colonization in 33-day-old broilers.
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Bjedov, S., D. B. Ljubojevic, N. Milosevic, V. Stanacev, M. Djukic-Stojcic, and D. Milic. "Production performance of meat type hybrids." Biotehnologija u stocarstvu 27, no. 4 (2011): 1689–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/bah1104689b.
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Modern broiler production is based on exploitation of meat type hybrids which are characterized by intensive growth, excellent food efficiency, strong constitution and excellent body conformation. In Serbia, many foreign proveniences are present and therefore there is a need to define a hybrid which in existing production conditions would realize the best fattening results. Objective of the study was to determine the production results of two most present line hybrids on our market, Cobb-500 and Ross-308. The following production parameters: body mass, gain, feed consumption, feed conversion, mortality and production index were monitored. One day old chickens were distributed randomly in two groups with 4 repetitions per each hybrid. In nutrition of broilers complete pellet mixtures were used, which ensured that all broiler requirements in energy, proteins, mineral substances, vitamins and essential amino acids were met. Higher final body mass was realized by Ross-308. In regard to feed conversion, mortality, feed consumption and value of production index, it is observed that Cobb-500 broilers realized better feed conversion (1,78), lower mortality (7,00%), lower consumption of feed per chicken (4238g) and higher value of production index with 316 index points compared to Ross-308 (1.82; 9,00%; 4407g; 309). Obtained production indexes for both hybrids were very high, so it can be concluded that there are no statistically significant differences between these two hybrids. It can be concluded that achieved results are satisfactory, and that hybrids have high genetic potential.
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Nikolova, N., Z. Pavlovski, N. Milosevic, and L. Peric. "The quantity of abdominal fat in broiler chicken of different genotypes from fifth to seventh week of age." Biotehnologija u stocarstvu 23, no. 5-6-2 (2007): 331–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/bah0702331n.
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In this work quantity of abdominal fat (weight and portion) was examined in broilers of two genotypes in the fifth, sixth and seventh week of their growth. The examination was carried out in production conditions, in the facility for commercial fattening of broilers chickens, so all technical recommendations related to intensive rearing of chickens were provided. Broilers Cobb 500 and Hubbard Classic which were housed in separate boxes (8 boxes for each genotype) were used as a material. Forty male chickens and forty female chickens at the 5, 6 and 7 weeks of age were selected for slaughtering by random selection, so 240 all together sacrificed chickens were prepared for further treatment. By cutting of the carcasses, abdominal fat was removed and measured, and it was put in proportion to the body mass before slaughtering and in this way the share of abdominal fat was obtained. All data was statistically processed by the subprogram Basic Statistic and Anova. The chickens of the genotype Hubbard had significantly higher share (0,96%) and insignificantly higher weight (19,47g) of abdominal fat than Cobb 500 (0,83% and 17,16g). Female chickens of both genotypes in the examination had significantly higher weight (19,84g) and share (0,96%) of abdominal fat in carcass then male broilers. Chickens at the age of 49 days had statistically significantly higher abdominal fat than the chick at the age of 42 and 35 days in absolute (25,35g) and relative values (1,06%). This confirms the importance of the examined factors on the amount of abdominal fat in carcass of broiler chickens.
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Karmatskikh, Yu, and N. Kostomakhin. "Input of probiotic drug Vetkor and bentonite in compound feed for chicken broilers." Kormlenie sel'skohozjajstvennyh zhivotnyh i kormoproizvodstvo (Feeding of agricultural animals and feed production), no. 3 (March 1, 2020): 3–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/sel-05-2003-01.
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It is assumed that the combined effect of an effective probiotic and feed bentonites will enhance their positive effect on the growth, development, immunity of poultry, the quality of products, economic results of production. The purpose of the research was to study the effectiveness of the probiotic Vetkor and trace elements contained in bentonites in the compound feed of broiler chickens. Scientific and economic experiment has been carried out in the company “Uksyansky broiler” on broiler chickens cross “Smena-4”, which have been distributed in 3 groups on the principle of analogues. For each group 50 heads have been selected one day-old chickens. The conditions for rearing and housing the chickens were the same. The joint use of bentonite and probiotic in rearing and fattening broiler chickens have been studied. At the beginning of rearing the weight of chickens in all groups was almost the same and averaged 39,6 g. However, with increasing age of chickens not only their live weight increased, but also the difference between groups for this indicator. So, at the age of 7 days the chickens of the 1st experimental group had live weight higher than the control ones by 1,86 %, and the chickens of the 2nd experimental group by 2,00 %. The live weight of the broiler chickens of the control group at the end of rearing (age 42 days) was less than the live weight of the 1st broiler chickens of the experimental group by 101,14 g or 5,23 % (P < 0,05), and the 2nd experimental group by 132,14 g or 6,83 % (P < 0,01). The total and average daily increase in live weight of chickens of the 1st experimental group was greater by 5,34 % (P < 0,05), and the 2nd experimental group by 6,96 % (P < 0,05) than in the control group. Broiler chickens that consumed the probiotic Vetkor in the compound feed had higher growth energy than in the control. Against this background the best growth has been observed in broiler chickens of the 2nd experimental group who consumed compound feed with the addition of Vetkor and 3 % bentonite. It has been experimentally justified the use of probiotic and bentonite in the industrial production of meat of broiler chickens, it has been established a positive effect of probiotics and bentonite on the growth and development of broiler chickens, the quality of the resulting products.
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D. Keegan, Jason, Giorgio Fusconi, Mauro Morlacchini, and Colm A. Moran. "Whole-Life or Fattening Period Only Broiler Feeding Strategies Achieve Similar Levels of Omega-3 Fatty Acid Enrichment Using the DHA-Rich Protist, Aurantiochytrium limacinum." Animals 9, no. 6 (June 6, 2019): 327. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani9060327.
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The fatty acid composition of broiler chicken tissues can be increased by adding omega-3 rich ingredients to their diets. The purpose of this study was to compare the levels of tissue enrichment observed following the supplementation of broilers with the docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-rich protist, Aurantiochytrium limacinum (AURA) for their whole life (42 days) or for the final 21-day fattening period. Day-old chicks (n = 350) were distributed among 35 pens (10 birds per pen) with each pen randomly assigned to one of five treatments: Control; 0.5% AURA from day 0–42; 1% AURA from day 0–42; 0.5% AURA from day 21–42; 1% AURA from day 21–42. Production parameters were recorded over the course of the study and the fatty acid profile of the breast, thigh, liver, kidney and skin with adhering fat was quantified at the end of the feeding period. The level of supplementation had a significant impact on the degree of omega-3 tissue enrichment, however, no differences were observed when the same dose was provided for 21 or 42 days. These results indicate that supplementation with AURA for a period of 21 days does not negatively affect broiler productivity and is the most efficient strategy to increase the nutritional value of broiler products.
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Chodová, D., and E. Tůmová. "Feed Restriction and Muscle Fibre Characteristics of Pectoralis Major in Broiler Chickens." Scientia Agriculturae Bohemica 48, no. 1 (March 1, 2017): 8–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sab-2017-0002.
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Abstract The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of one-week quantitative feed restriction (in days 8-14 of age) on histological characteristics of musculus pectoralis major in broiler chickens during the fattening period. Cockerels of Ross 308 (1215 chicken) were divided into 3 groups: ad libitum fed (AL; 3 × 135), restricted 80% of AL (R80; 3 × 135), and with limited feed intake 65% of AL (R65; 3 × 135). Eight cockerels per group were slaughtered in weekly intervals from day 14 of age till the end of experiment at 35 days to determine changes in the muscle fibre characteristics. The number of muscle fibres in pectoralis major decreased (P ≤ 0.001) with increasing age. Fibre cross sectional area was s ignificantly (P ≤ 0.027) affected by the interaction of group and age. At the end of feed restriction at 14 days all groups had similar fibre area (519-539 μm2), the differences between groups were observed at 35 days of age with the largest fibre area in R65 chickens (2296 μm2), while R80 did not differ from AL (1728 μm2 and 1667 μm2). There was no effect of feeding regime on giant muscle fibre incidence.
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Leiber, F., T. Gelencsér, A. Stamer, Z. Amsler, J. Wohlfahrt, B. Früh, and V. Maurer. "Insect and legume-based protein sources to replace soybean cake in an organic broiler diet: Effects on growth performance and physical meat quality." Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems 32, no. 1 (December 16, 2015): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742170515000496.
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AbstractProtein sources other than soybean for the diets of poultry are needed for agricultural systems in temperate regions to help avoid some negative social and ecological impacts of large-scale soybean imports from overseas. The aim of the present study was to test the suitability of alternative protein sources in diets for slow-growing organic broiler chicken. Four experimental broiler diets were tested against a commercial feed for organic broiler chicken fattening (control), containing 255 g kg−1 soybean cake. Each experimental diet was based on the control diet, but 130 g kg−1 of soybean cake was replaced with alternative feeds. The diet ‘HermAlf’ contained 78 g kg−1 Hermetia meal (dried larvae of the black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens) and 52 g kg−1 alfalfa (Medicago sativa) meal. Diet ‘HermPea’ contained 78 g kg−1 Hermetia meal and 52 g kg−1 pea (Pisum sativum) groats. Diet ‘AlfPea’ contained 78 g kg−1 alfalfa meal and 52 g kg−1 pea groats. Diet ‘PeaAlf’ contained 78 g kg−1 pea groats and 52 g kg−1 alfalfa meal. Both diets containing Hermetia meal had the same amount of crude protein (CP) concentration as the control, while CP concentration was lower in diet AlfPea (by 2.7%) and in diet PeaAlf (by 3.5%) compared with the control. Over the course of the experiment, 15 broilers each (slow-growing Hubbard S757) were fattened with one of the five diets ad libitum from days 7 to 82. Additionally, all broilers received water and wheat grains (Triticum aestivum) ad libitum. Feed intake was measured by group. Daily gains, live weights, carcass weights and meat quality were analyzed individually. Compared with the control, feed intake, daily weight gain, carcass weights and feed efficiency were equivalent for all experimental diets. Regarding quality parameters, only cooking loss was increased with the HermPea diet compared with the control. The results indicate that the alternative feeds tested could replace part of the soybean products in broiler diets while achieving equivalent feed efficiency and product quality.
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Bača, Martin, Slavomír Marcinčák, Milan Čertík, Peter Popelka, Dana Marcinčáková, Lucia Guothová, Ladislav Molnár, Tatiana Klempová, and Iveta Maskaľová. "Effect of adding prefermented cereal product containing gamma-linolenic acid to broiler feed on production indicators and fatty acid profile of chicken breast." Acta Veterinaria Brno 83, no. 4 (2014): 379–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2754/avb201483040379.
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Administration of Thamnidium elegans for effective utilization of agroindustrial materials (wheat bran) creates new perspectives for animal cereal diet enriched with fungal γ-linolenic acid (GLA). The aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of adding prefermented cereal product containing a high amount of gamma-linolenic acid into the feed on broiler chickens’ performance, fatty acids profile and oxidative stability in chilled breast meat. Seventy eight COBB 500 one-day old broiler chicks were randomly divided into 2 treatment groups with three replications and fattened for 42 days. During the first 21 days, all broilers consumed the starter diet. After three weeks, broilers were fed the grower diet; controls were fed without the addition of prefermented cereal product; and the experimental group was supplemented with 3% of prefermented product. Higher final body weight (2 688 vs. 2 604 g) and feed conversion ratio were recorded in the experimental group (P > 0.05). The increased GLA content in the experimental diet (0.095 g·kg-1) resulted in a significant increase of GLA, dihomo-GLA and arachidonic acid in the lipids of breast muscle tissue (P < 0.05). Adding prefermented product to the feed also resulted in an increase in total n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), mainly eicosapentaenoic and docosapentaenoic acid in lipids of breast (P < 0.05). The experimental diet produced a significant decrease in the n-6/n-3 ratio (from 10.00 to 8.14). Storage of breast muscles with a higher PUFA in chilling conditions led to a decrease in oxidative stability when the values of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) increased (P < 0.05). This is a first study using prefermented cereal product for the fattening of broiler chickens.
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Tůmová, E., and D. Chodová. "Performance and changes in body composition of broiler chickens depending on feeding regime and sex." Czech Journal of Animal Science 63, No. 12 (December 4, 2018): 518–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/125/2018-cjas.
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The differences in the performance, carcass parts, and internal organs of broiler chicken females and males fed ad libitum or restricted by 80 and 65% ad libitum were evaluated. Ross 308 males and females (2430 chickens) were fed ad libitum (ADL) or were restricted in days 8–14 of age by 80% ADL (R1) and 65% ADL (R2), respectively. Feed restriction depressed the live weight (P ≤ 0.001) in both sexes. Both sexes compensated for growth, and at the end of the fattening at 35 days, the restricted males (–3% R1 and –6% R2) and females (–3% R1 and –4% R2) were not significantly lighter than the ADL chickens. Feed intake was lower (P ≤ 0.001) in females than in males, and feed restriction and sex did not affect the feed conversion ratio. The growth of internal organs as early-developing tissues (heart, gizzard, liver) was less affected than the growth of late-developing tissues (breast, thigh, abdominal fat). Restricted males and females had more abdominal fat than the ad libitum chickens (P ≤ 0.05). Differences in allometric growth between males and females were in the liver, breast, and thigh. At the end of the experiment, restricted males had a higher weight of breast and thigh, whereas in females, the weights of both parts were similar to those of the ADL group. During the restriction period, the growth of internal organs is given priority compared to muscles, which was confirmed by allometric growth. Males showed a higher compensatory growth, including the growth of breasts and thighs.
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Shkodyak, N., M. Zhyla, O. Pyatnychko, I. Avdosyeva, and V. Dmitrotsa. "INFLUENCE OF BAFASAL FEED ADDITIVE ON MORPHO-BIOCHEMICAL INDICES OF CHICKENS-BROILER’S BLOOD." Scientific and Technical Bulletin оf State Scientific Research Control Institute of Veterinary Medical Products and Fodder Additives аnd Institute of Animal Biology 21, no. 2 (October 27, 2020): 213–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.36359/scivp.2020-21-2.28.
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Recently, interest in the use of bacteriophage therapy in poultry has arisen in the context of the growing problem of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms, as the need to find alternative antibacterial agents is urgent. In addition, EU legislation prohibits the use of antibiotics in feed to stimulate the growth of animals and poultry. Bafasal – a new and innovative agent based on natural components of the ecosystem, has a high specificity to Salmonella serovars, in particular, S. enteritidis, S. typhimurium, S. mbandaka, S. gallinarum, S. іnfantis, which are most often diagnosed in poultry farming. This is the first bacteriophage product on the poultry market, which is recommended as a feed additive for broiler chickens.
The article presents the results of studies on the safety of Bafasal under the application as a feed additive for the prevention of bacterial diseases in poultry breeding. Bafasal was used for chickens of the experimental group according to the following scheme: from 1 to 14 days of the experiment – per 10 chickens – 50 cm3 of feed additive dissolved to 0,5% concentration; and from 15 to 35 days – 100 cm3 of the drug dissolved to 0,25 % concentration. Feeding of poultry of the control and experimental groups was carried out with identical feeds in accordance with regulatory requirements, taking into account the age of the bird. The clinical condition of the bird’s body was monitored daily, on the 35th day of the experiment; ten chickens from each group were taken blood samples for further laboratory tests. The morphological and biochemical parameters of the broiler chicken’s blood under the application of Bafasal feed additive were studied.
It was found that the hematological and biochemical parameters of broiler chickens in the experimental group were within the physiological norm for poultry of this age on fattening, and therefore corresponded to the status of a conditionally healthy organism without signs of pathophysiological abnormalities. There was a reliable increase, within the physiological norm, in the relative number of lymphocytes by 11, 9 % (p <0,05) and a tendency to increasing the number of leukocytes, which showed a sufficient immune potential of the birds and an increase in cellular factors of natural resistance, compared with control chickens. According to the parameters of mineral metabolism, the serum content of Calcium and Phosphorus within the physiological norm was noted, which indicated a sufficient level of mineral supply of the organism of the experimental birds as a whole. In addition, in chicken fed Bafasal throughout the fattening period, the serum enzyme’s ALT, AST and creatine kinase activities and the content of total cholesterol not differ significantly from the control group, indicating the absence of signs of hepatotoxic effects of the studied feed additive.
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Vukic-Vranjes, M., N. Tolimir, Dj Vukmirovic, R. Colovic, V. Stanacev, P. Ikonic, and S. Pavkov. "Effect of phytogenic additives on performance, morphology and caecal microflora of broiler chickens." Biotehnologija u stocarstvu 29, no. 2 (2013): 311–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/bah1302311v.
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The objective of the research is to investigate effects of phytogenic additives as broiler feed supplements on production and slaughtering performances, morphological parameters and caecal microflora of fattening chickens of Ross 308 provenance. The research was based on two trials. In both trials, two feeding treatments were studied: a control diet with no supplemental feed additives (K) and a diet with a phytogenic additive supplemented to the control diet (1000g/t of Biomin PEP 1000, during the whole period). In the first trial, a total of 304 chickens were studied, in two treatments with four repetitions per pen with 38 chickens. The second trial included 16800 chickens, and it was conducted as a macro trial, that is, a pen with 8400 chickens was the subject of the trial. The results have shown that the chickens fed with the supplemental phytogenic additive have achieved significantly more favourable feed conversion rate. Differences in body mass and mortality rate between the trial group and the control were not statistically significant. Phytogenic additives did not have significant effects on breast portion and abdominal fat. Adding the phytogenic additive did not have significant effects on morphological parameters, but there was a tendency to increasing villous height and crypt depth. In both trials, the chicken groups fed with the supplemental phytogenic additive had less of all investigated groups of bacteria, and the differences were statistically significant for Enterobacteriaceae and Staphylococcus in the first, and Enterobacteriaceae and Enterococcus in the second trial. It can be concluded that the diet with the supplemental phytogenic additive had a positive effect on broiler performances, jejunum morphology parameters and caecal microflora.
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Krička, Tatjana, Nikola Bilandžija, Zlatko Janječić, Mateja Grubor, Dalibor Bedeković, Ana Matin, and Neven Voća. "Nutritivna iskoristivost staroga crnog kruha u hranidbi pilića." Poljoprivreda 26, no. 1 (June 23, 2020): 48–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.18047/poljo.26.1.7.
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The most important aspect of broiler production is feeding, whose costs represent about 70% of total costs. Thus, the growth of poultry production has been based on a strong consumer demand for products that are cheap, safe, and healthy. That kind of product is old bread, whose return from the store represent a problem for its remediation. For the use of the old bread as a feed, the European Union has promulgated a series of regulations and directives, which order a ban on its utilization without prior treatment. The most common treatments are pelleting and extrusion. In poultry, the upper limit for the use of the old bread in feedstuff is often prescribed and amounts to 15%. The aim of this paper was to determine a possibility to use 5 and 10% old brown pelleted bread in feed mixtures for broilers fattening. The study has shown that the addition of old bread significantly improves broiler production indicators. The best results and a more favorable ratio of omega 6 and omega 3 fatty acids in the chicken muscles were obtained in the group fed with a 10‐percent share of old brown bread (p<0.05). Such a processed old bread can be used as a new ingredient in animal feed production as a partial replacement for maize component.
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Haščík, Peter, Adriana Pavelková, Jana Tkáčová, Juraj Čuboň, Marek Bobko, Miroslava Kačániová, Henrieta Arpášová, and Matej Čech. "The amino acid profile after addition of humic acids and phytobiotics into diet of broiler chicken." Potravinarstvo Slovak Journal of Food Sciences 13, no. 1 (November 28, 2019): 884–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5219/1237.
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The aim of the study was analysed the effect of humic acids separately and humic acids in combination with phytobiotic as garlic and oregano powder on amino acid (AA) profile of the most valuable parts of Ross 308 chicken. A total of 200 pcs Ross 308 broiler chickens of mixed sex were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=50): control group (C) without supplementation, experiment group E1 (2% humic acids), E2 (80% humic acids and 20% garlic powder) and E3 (90% humic acids and 10% oregano powder). Fattening period lasted for 42 days and all groups were kept under the same conditions. After slaughter, the AA profiles of breast and thigh samples were determined. In comparison with control group, 6 out of 10 AA was significantly affected (p ≤0.05) by used dietary supplementation – Met, Cys and His in thigh and Leu, Phe, His and Arg in breast muscle. AA composition of breast muscle was positively affected mainly by humic acids and 10% oregano powder supplementation (E3), while thigh muscle by humic acids and 20% garlic powder (E2). The highest obtained AA in breast muscle was Leu (2.02 g.100 g-1) in E3 group and thigh muscle His (1.15 g.100 g-1) in E2 group (p ≤0.05). In conclusion, humic acids and 10% oregano powder supplementation (E3) elicited to the best AA profile of chicken breast muscle but also the worst AA profile in thigh muscle so the effect of such a supplementation is disputable. On the other hand, humic acids and 20% garlic powder supplementation resulted into slight increase of AA in both breast and thigh muscle (E2).
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Suchy, P., E. Strakova, and I. Herzig. "Levels of fatty acids in the whole body of hens and cocks of the Cobb 500 and Ross 308 hybrid combinations at the end of the fattening period." Veterinární Medicína 61, No. 8 (March 10, 2017): 456–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/28/2016-vetmed.
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In this study, we determined the levels of individual fatty acids in the whole chicken body, as well as dry matter, nitrogenic substances and fat in Cobb 500 and Ross 308 chickens after 40 days of fattening. The highest level of all fatty acids (FA), regardless of the hybrid combination and sex of the chickens, was determined for oleic/elaidic acid, followed by palmitic, linoleic/linolelaidic, palmitoleic and stearic acids. In Cobb 500 cocks, higher values (P ≤ 0.05; P ≤ 0.01) were found for all saturated fatty acids (SaFA) compared to hens. With the exception of γ-linoleic acid, the levels of n-6 FA measured in cocks were higher (P ≤ 0.01) than in hens and n-3 FA showed higher levels of eicosatrienoic (P ≤ 0.05) and docosapentaenoic acids (P ≤ 0.01). Ross 308 hens had higher levels of most SaFA, with differences for palmitic (P ≤ 0.01), myristic, heptadecanoic and stearic acids (P ≤ 0.05). Regarding monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), hens contained higher levels of myristoleic (P ≤ 0.05) and oleic/elaidic acids (P ≤ 0.01). Cocks showed higher levels of n-6 FA except for linoleic/linolelaidic and γ-linolenic acids; higher levels were found for cis-8,11,14-eicosatrienoic, docosatetraenoic (P ≤ 0.05) and arachidonic acids (P ≤ 0.01). With the exception of α-linolenic acid, n-3 FA levels were higher in cocks, with differences in the levels of cis-5,8,11,14,17-eicosapentaenoic and docosapentaenoic acids (P ≤ 0.01). The results suggest possible directions for future research focused on the use of broiler chicken hybrids with more favourable proportions of n-6 FA and n-3 FA in fat and meat.
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Kowalczuk-Vasilev, Edyta, Eugeniusz R. Grela, Wioleta Samolińska, Renata Klebaniuk, Bożena Kiczorowska, Robert Krusiński, Anna Winiarska-Mieczan, Katarzyna Kępka, and Małgorzata Kwiecień. "Blood metabolic profile of broiler chickens fed diets with different types and levels of inulin." Medycyna Weterynaryjna 73, no. 12 (2017): 774–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.21521/mw.5821.
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The study was performed to evaluate the effect of a dietary level of two types of inulin differing in the degree of polymerization (DP), supplemented at different levels, on selected metabolic and immunological parameters of broiler chicken blood. Two hundred and forty 1-day-old broiler chickens were fed a diet without inulin addition (control group, C) or with standard inulin from chicory root with DP ≥ 10 (SI) or long-chain inulin (LCI) of DP ≥ 23 (Inulin Orafti®GR or Inulin Orafti®HPX, respectively; Orafti Beneo GmbH, Mannheim, Germany) at a level of 0.2%, 0.4%, or 0.6%. Therefore, 7 dietary treatments were formed. The experiment was carried out for 6 weeks. The addition of inulin had a significant (p ≤ 0.05) impact on the blood parameters analyzed, especially on the protein and lipid profile. The degree of polymerization of inulin and its level in the diet significantly affected the content of glucose and uric acid and creatinine levels in the blood plasma of 21-day-old chickens. The addition of the different types (SI vs. LCI) and levels (0.2, 0.4, and 0.6) of inulin to the diet and the interaction of these factors affected the total protein level and the content of albumins and globulins. Some differences (p ≤ 0.05) were found between the experimental groups in total cholesterol and its HDL fraction content as well as in the activity of ALT and LDH. The other biochemical indices were not affected by the experimental factors. In conclusion, it may be stated that inulin with the higher polymerization degree (LCI; DP ≥ 23) provided better results of the blood metabolic profile throughout the broiler fattening period. However, the impact of this factor is not explicit. The addition of the inulin extract at an amount of 4-6 g per kg of mixture is recommended, but further experiments are recommended....
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Laube, H., A. Friese, C. von Salviati, B. Guerra, A. Kasbohrer, L. Kreienbrock, and U. Roesler. "Longitudinal Monitoring of Extended-Spectrum-Beta-Lactamase/AmpC-Producing Escherichia coli at German Broiler Chicken Fattening Farms." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 79, no. 16 (June 7, 2013): 4815–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00856-13.
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Tokic, Vesna, Miodrag Lazarevic, Zlatan Sinovec, Milan Baltic, and Zivan Jokic. "The influence of different feed additives in broiler diets on productivity and meat yield." Veterinarski glasnik 61, no. 5-6 (2007): 261–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vetgl0706261t.
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The objective of these investigations was to examine the influence of prebiotics based on mannan-oligosaccharides and polysaccharide complexes of micro elements (Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn) on production results and abattoir parameters for broilers of the hybrid Arbor Acres. The experiment was performed on 186 chicken divided into three equal groups, it lasted 42 days and was divided into 3 phases. The first phase lasted 21 days, the second 14, and the third seven days. The complete mix for initial fattening of broilers was used from days 1-21, and complete fodder mixes for closing fattening from days 21-35, and on days 35-42 of the experiment. Feeding was ad libitum and the broilers were maintained in a floor system. Broilers fed mixes of standard raw material composition and the usual nutritive values achieved an average daily growth of 49.10 g at an average daily feed consumption of 115.55 g and with food conversion of 2.35, while the yield was 71.90%. The addition of prebiotics based on mannan-oligosaccharides resulted in an increased average daily growth by 14.95% with a lower feed consumption by 2.67% and better conversion by 15.32%, while the yield was approximately the same as in the control group. The use of mixes to which polysaccharide complexes of micro elements have been added (Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn) resulted in a higher daily growth by 11.43%, with a lower feed consumption by 4.28% and better conversion by 14%. The yield was approximately the same in this group as in the controls. The results realized in these investigations, throughout the experimental period, indicate that the use of the examined additives significantly affected the growth and body mass of chicks and that it is nutritionally and economically justified.
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Zhyla, M. I., G. M. Mykhalus, O. A. Maksymovych, O. V. Lapin, O. V. Mykhalyuk, and A. R. Haziiev. "INFLUENCE OF ARSIL FEED ADDITIVE ON HEMATOLOGICAL INDICES, PRODUCTIVITY AND STRUCTURE OF INTERNAL ORGANS BROILER CHICKENS." Scientific and Technical Bulletin оf State Scientific Research Control Institute of Veterinary Medical Products and Fodder Additives аnd Institute of Animal Biology 21, no. 1 (June 1, 2020): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.36359/scivp.2020-21-1.07.
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Poultry farming using modern technologies requires the employment of veterinary preparation for the prevention of infectious diseases and also feed additives for the improvement of metabolic functions and correction of body resistance.
The article presents the results of clinical trials of feed additives in the form of an ionic solution concentrate of the biologically active nanosilicon "Arsil". The clinical study was performed on healthy ten-day-old broiler chicken, cross "Cobb-500", organized into three groups of 20 heads each: Group I received a feed additive at a dose of 0.5 ml per 1 liter of water, group II – at a dose of 1.0 ml per 1 liter of water and group III was the control group (on a regular diet, without feed additives). The use of the studied feed additive was carried out by watering with water for 30 days. Poultry of all groups were fed with identical feeds in accordance with regulatory requirements taking into account the age of the bird. The clinical condition of the bird was monitored daily, control weightings were performed once a week and blood samples were taken for laboratory tests on days 15 and 35 of the experiment. At the end of the experiment, a diagnostic slaughter of birds of all groups and a complete pathological autopsy with selection of material for histological examination were performed.
Studies have shown that the use of the feed additive "Arsil" contributed to weight gain and average daily gain, improved the feed conversion and the tendency for the growth of the concentration of hemoglobin, hematocrit and erythrocytes in broiler chicken from the experimental groups compared with the control group at the end of fattening. The structure of the internal organs of birds of all studied groups is preserved, macroscopic changes in organs and tissues are not detected. An increase in the coefficients of mass of immune-competent organs in broiler chicken fed the feed additive "Arsil" compared with the control group was found.
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Sokołowicz, Zofia, Józefa Krawczyk, and Sylwester Świątkiewicz. "4. Quality of Poultry Meat from Native Chicken Breeds – A Review." Annals of Animal Science 16, no. 2 (April 1, 2016): 347–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aoas-2016-0004.
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Abstract The objective of the paper was to demonstrate the possibilities of using Polish native breeds of chickens for the production of meat for its specific quality features in the light of worldwide researches. The object of the analysis was the quality of meat from slow-growing chickens raised in varied housing systems, including capons and poulards. The findings of studies on the quality of poultry meat from native breeds obtained from post-production cockerels and from hens in their post egg-laying stage have shown that there are chances for their use in meat production. Native breed hens can also be used as foundation material for the production of capons, poulards or international mixed breeds for purposes of extensive farming. The body weight of native breed hens, including their muscle build depend on the bird’s genotype, feeding, length of exploitation and farming system. Meat from native breed hens, raised in free-range systems has less fat, but with higher polyunsaturated fatty acids in their meat muscles as well as a healthier ratio of n-6/n-3 PUFA acids. Outdoor free-range access influences the meat colour, i.e., bright coloured breast muscle (L*) as well as increased intensity of red coloration of leg muscles (b*). Caponisation of hens enhances intensified body weight gains along with increased fattening of meat. In comparison with cockerel meat, the meat of capons is more juicy, tender and of better taste, while poulard meat has distinctively favourable sensory values in comparison with broiler chicken meat.
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Straková, Eva, Pavel Suchý, Ivan Herzig, Ladislav Steinhauser, Vlasta Šerman, and Nora Mas. "Amino Acid Profile of Protein from Pelvic Limb Long Bones of Broiler Chickens." Acta Veterinaria Brno 78, no. 4 (2009): 571–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2754/avb200978040571.
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The objective of the study was to determine the amino acid profile in protein from long bones of the pelvic limb (femur, tibiotarsus) in ROSS 308 hybrid broiler chickens, and to examine whether it is sex-dependent.The study material was obtained from 120 Ross 308 broiler chickens (60 males and 60 females) at the end of the fattening (40 days of age). The average weight of birds was 2 694 ± 32.6 g for cockerels and 2 345 ± 23.9 g for pullets. The study birds did not show any clinical signs of leg diseases. The long bones of the right pelvic limbs (femur and tibiotarsus) were collected after bird slaughter and after removal of soft tissues, they were used for laboratory analyses. The crude protein content and the amino acid (AA) composition were determined and the obtained values were recalculated to 100% dry matter. The chemical score (CS) and the essential amino acid index (EAAI) were calculated for each AA. As a standard, the hen egg ovalbumin was used. The crude protein content in 100% dry matter shows that the content of crude protein was significantly higher (P ⪬ 0.01) in the femur (405.3 ± 17.21 g/kg) compared to the tibiotarsus (393.5 ± 12.68 g/kg). The same trends were found with regard to sex. Both males and females had significantly (P ⪬ 0.01) higher crude protein content in the femur (406.6 ± 19.34 g/kg and 404.1 ± 15.09 g/kg, respectively) than in the tibiotarsus (395.0 ± 12.16 g/kg and 392.1 ± 13.21 g/kg, respectively). Both bones showed the highest contents of Gly, Glu and Pro, and the lowest contents of Met, Tyr and His. The same trends were found with regard to chicken sex. Collagenous protein has lower contents of most AA in comparison to the standard protein - ovalbumin; especially contents of Ser, Val, Met, Ileu and Phe are substantially lower. On the other hand, collagenous protein had higher contents of Gly, Pro, His and Arg. The collagenous protein EAAI for the femur and the tibiotarsus was 59.0% and 57.4%, respectively. The knowledge of amino acid composition in protein from long bones of the pelvic limb in broiler chickens is important because it can help us understand the origin of bone disorders.
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Mária Holcvart. "Some Variable Traits of Broiler Genotypes." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 50 (December 16, 2012): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/50/2560.
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One the most effective ways to satisfy the requirements of mankind for food of animal origin is the fattening of chicken. Healthy and cheap meat with low fat and high protein content can be produced rapidly and in large quantities by broilers with low feed consumption. This paper presents the production results and carcass traits of three genotypes (Ross 308, Cobb 500, Ross broiler parent) females and males at the age of 42 days.In both sexes, we found that the average body weight of the Ross parents genotype was higher (females: 2643 g; males: 3089 g) than theaverage body weight of the other two hybrids – significant difference was found only between pullets. However, the smallest difference in theaverage body weight between the two sexes (446 g) was found in this genotype. In both sexes, the lowest average weight was detectable inthe case of the Cobb 500 hybrids (females: 2443 g; males: 3052 g).The feed consumption ability of the females were worse – in all but onecase (Ross pullet) – than that of the males. For one kg of weight gain - in the order of genotypes – 1.79kg, 2.08kg and 2.08 kg of feed wasused. The same values for the males were as follows: 1.81kg, 1.80kg and 1.89 kg, respectively.Carcass traits were examined and it was found that the average grillfertig weight, the weight of whole thigh meat and thigh meat of theRoss parents’ genotype was higher than the average weight of the other two hybrids. Significant difference was found only in grillfertig- andwhole thigh meat weight. Pullets of the Ross parents’ paternal line had worse results in the average weight of breast meat with bone andbreast meat fillet than the other two genotypes. In the case of cocks was detectable the inverse of this: the average weight of breast meat withbone was the highest in the cocks of the Ross parents’ maternal line.