Academic literature on the topic 'Broilers (Poultry) – Diseases and pests'
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Journal articles on the topic "Broilers (Poultry) – Diseases and pests"
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Ahmed, S. Rehan. "Poultry Farming Procedure and Minimization of Poultry Waste through Urban Agriculture: A Case Study of Dey Poultry Farm." Indian Journal of Pure & Applied Biosciences 9, no. 4 (2021): 61–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.18782/2582-2845.8762.
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Poultry farming is one of the fastest growing segments of the agricultural sector in Garhbeta, Midnapore. It has become a source of revenue for individual farmers. However poultry farming is associated with various environmental pollutants that causes environmental risk like airborne bacteria, pathogenic microorganisms into the environment and food chain. Poultry production is quickly becoming more intensive, geographically concentrated, vertically integrated and link with global supply chain. In Garhbeta, Midnapore area broiler poultry sector has a great potential for providing employment opportunities to the unemployed youth, rural women, small and marginal farmers. Here huge poultry waste managed by land disposal, resulting in environmental problems and odour is very local issue and waste almost attract flies, rotten and other pests that create local nuisances and carry diseases. At improper disposal of poultry carcasses contribute huge water quality problem specially in this areas. This paper present the poultry farming procedure and waste generation from poultry farm which is a significant matter of our environment and management of these waste is also a great challenge for those poultry farm.
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MITUNIEWICZ, TOMASZ, and SARA DZIK. "Characteristics of lesser mealworm Alphitobius diaperinus (Panzer) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)." Medycyna Weterynaryjna 76, no. 03 (2020): 6376–2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21521/mw.6376.
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The intensive increase in poultry production requires a variety of different measures to maintain high productivity of broiler chickens while maintaining a high level of bird welfare. One issue is the growing population of Alphitobius diaperinus, which occurs all over the world. This beetle is considered a pest in poultry production and causes major losses to poultry producers. Its development cycle consists of four stages: an egg, a larva, a pupa and an adult. It is necessary to reduce the number of these insects in poultry houses, in which they constitute a serious problem both for the birds and for the buildings themselves. The beetle does a lot of damage by tunnelling in floor and wall crevices, thus destroying the insulation of the building. It has been proved experimentally that the lesser mealworm is also a vector for many serious diseases of poultry and humans. The beetle infected with pathogens may remain infectious for a long time. A. diaperinus is a carrier of dangerous pathogens and viruses as well as protozoa and parasites in poultry. The lesser mealworm shows a noticeable sexual dimorphism. Correct and quick identification of the sex of A. diaperinus on poultry farms could facilitate insect control. Field and laboratory research is being conducted to find an effective method of reducing the population of the lesser mealworm.
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Acevedo-Villanueva, Keila Y., Gabriel O. Akerele, Walid Ghazi Al Hakeem, Sankar Renu, Revathi Shanmugasundaram, and Ramesh K. Selvaraj. "A Novel Approach against Salmonella: A Review of Polymeric Nanoparticle Vaccines for Broilers and Layers." Vaccines 9, no. 9 (2021): 1041. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9091041.
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This work discusses the present-day limitations of current commercial Salmonella vaccines for broilers and layers and explores a novel approach towards poultry vaccination using biodegradable nanoparticle vaccines against Salmonella. With the increasing global population and poultry production and consumption, Salmonella is a potential health risk for humans. The oral administration of killed or inactivated vaccines would provide a better alternative to the currently commercially available Salmonella vaccines for poultry. However, there are currently no commercial oral killed-vaccines against Salmonella for use in broilers or layers. There is a need for novel and effective interventions in the poultry industry. Polymeric nanoparticles could give way to an effective mass-administered mucosal vaccination method for Salmonella. The scope of this work is limited to polymeric nanoparticles against Salmonella for use in broilers and layers. This review is based on the information available at the time of the investigation.
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Lysko, S. B., A. V. Portianko, M. V. Zadorozhnaya, and A. P. Krasikov. "APPLICATION OF PROPOLIS TINCTURE TO PREVENT INFECTIONS OF BROILERS." Bulletin of NSAU (Novosibirsk State Agrarian University), no. 1 (March 27, 2019): 139–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.31677/2072-6724-2019-50-1-139-147.
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Scientific and industrial experiment was carried out at the poultry farming on Ross308 broilers. The authors explored various schemes of application of propolis tincture for pre venting respiratory infection of poultry of bacterial etiology. The researchers arranged a control group and two experimental groups according to the principle of analogues. The groups were placed in separate isolated poultry houses. Chickens of the control group were fed with antibiotic Tilmipool (0.3 ml/l of water) aged 1-3; 14-16; 25-27 days; their poultry house was sprayed with Ecocide C (0.5%, 1 l/100 m3, exposure 60 min) on 1, 7, 14, 21-22, 28-29, 35-36 days of their life. In the 1st group the antibiotic was applied as it was in the control group; aerosol treatment was conducted with propolis tincture (dilution 1:20, 0.5 l/100 m3, exposure 60 min) during the same age periods. In the 2nd group, propolis tincture (1 ml/l of water) was applied for broilers aged 1-5; 14-18; 25-30 days combined with aerosol treatment of propolis tincture air (dilution 1:20, 0.5 l/ 100 m3, exposure 60 min) for 1, 7, 14, 21-22, 28-29, 35-36 days of their life. The most effective way to prevent respiratory diseases of poultry is seen in application of propolis tincture according to the scheme used in the experiment with the 2nd group. The scheme reduces the number of pathogenic, relatively pathogenic microorganisms in the scrapes from the laryngeal mucous membrane and in the air of the poultry house, activates the immune system and metabolism of poultry, increases livability on 3.0% and live weight on 342.7 g, which eliminates application of antibiotics for preventive measures, providing environmentally safe products of poultry farming.
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Caucci, Claudia, Guido Di Martino, Alessandro Dalla Costa, et al. "Trends and correlates of antimicrobial use in broiler and turkey farms: a poultry company registry-based study in Italy." Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 74, no. 9 (2019): 2784–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkz212.
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Abstract Background Antimicrobial usage (AMU) in livestock plays a key role in the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance. Analysis of AMU data in livestock is therefore relevant for both animal and public health. Objectives To assess AMU in 470 broiler and 252 turkey farms of one of Italy’s largest poultry companies, accounting for around 30% of national poultry production, to identify trends and risk factors for AMU. Methods Antimicrobial treatments administered to 5827 broiler and 1264 turkey grow-out cycles in 2015–17 were expressed as DDDs for animals per population correction unit (DDDvet/PCU). A retrospective analysis was conducted to examine the effect of geographical area, season and prescribing veterinarian on AMU. Management and structural interventions implemented by the company were also assessed. Results AMU showed a 71% reduction in broilers (from 14 to 4 DDDvet/PCU) and a 56% reduction in turkeys (from 41 to 18 DDDvet/PCU) during the study period. Quinolones, macrolides and polymyxins decreased from 33% to 6% of total AMU in broilers, and from 56% to 32% in turkeys. Broiler cycles during spring and winter showed significantly higher AMU, as well as those in densely populated poultry areas. Different antimicrobial prescribing behaviour was identified among veterinarians. Conclusions This study evidenced a decreasing trend in AMU and identified several correlates of AMU in broilers and turkeys. These factors will inform the design of interventions to further reduce AMU and therefore counteract antimicrobial resistance in these poultry sectors.
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Ammar, Ayachi, Nadir Alloui, Omar Bennoune, and Ahmed Kassah-Laouar. "Survey of Salmonella serovars in broilers and laying breeding reproducers in east of Algeria." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 4, no. 02 (2009): 103–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.562.
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Background: Avian salmonellosis affects the poultry industry in underdeveloped and in developed countries. The aim of this study was to identify the most common Salmonella serovars in broilers and laying breeding reproducers in Eastern Algeria according to the ISO 6579 method. Methodology: A total of 294 samples were obtained from two flocks of 10,000 broilers and laying breeding reproducers. Samples included livers and spleens, drag swabs of bottom boxes of young chickens, cloacal swabs, and faecal samples of chickens. Additional samples were also taken from water, feed and dusty surfaces. Results and conclusions: Only the cloacal swabs, poultry faeces and samples from dusty surfaces were positive for Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Livingstone with a detection rate of 12% and 1.6% respectively. The results showed evidence of legislative failure regarding biosafety within the poultry industry in the area of Batna, Eastern Algeria.
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VAN IMMERSEEL, F., L. MEULEMANS, J. DE BUCK, et al. "Bacteria–host interactions of Salmonella Paratyphi B dT+ in poultry." Epidemiology and Infection 132, no. 2 (2004): 239–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268803001687.
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In recent years, a dramatic increase in incidence of the dextro-rotatory tartrate-positive variant (dT+) of Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Paratyphi B has been observed in poultry and poultry products. In the present study the interactions of this bacterium with the host were studied in vivo and in vitro in an attempt to explain the preferential association of this serotype with poultry. The ability of this organism to invade and multiply in chicken intestinal epithelial cells and the intracellular behaviour in chicken macrophages was studied in vitro using chicken cell lines. In vivo challenge experiments in specific pathogen-free chickens were carried out to determine the level of colonization of caeca and internal organs early after experimental infection. An in vivo trial with commercial broiler chickens, using a seeder model, was performed to determine whether S. Paratyphi B dT+ could persist and spread in broilers until slaughter. S. Paratyphi B dT+ invaded and multiplied in the chicken epithelial cell line and survived in a chicken macrophage cell line. The strain used colonized caeca and internal organs of chickens to a high extent 1 week after infection with a low-dose inoculum. Moreover, the strain was efficiently transmitted within a group of broilers and persisted until slaughter. It was concluded that S. Paratyphi B dT+ was well adapted to poultry and therefore it is suggested that specific control measures against this serotype should be considered.
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Halder, Sharna, Shubhagata Das, Sabuj Kanti Nath, et al. "Prevalence of some common bacterial diseases in commercial poultry farm." Ukrainian Journal of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences 4, no. 2 (2021): 44–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.32718/ujvas4-2.08.
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Bacterial disease of poultry is one of the major constraints to the expansion of poultry industry. The study was undertaken to investigate some common bacterial diseases in commercial poultry farm. A total of 100 sick and dead chickens (67 broilers, 26 layers and 7 sonali) were collected from different poultry farms which were subjected to postmortem examination for tentative diagnosis. After the post-mortem examination, out of 100 collected dead chickens, bacterial diseases were confirmed 58 %. Among them 52 % of the chickens were diagnosed tentatively to be the case of colibacillosis, 4 % salmonellosis, and 2 % of fowl cholera. In post-mortem examination, some pathological lesions like: omphalitis, fibrinopurulent fluid accumulation in peritoneal cavity, air sacculitis, pericarditis and perihepatitis, extreme congestion and septicemia in intestine for colibacillosis infection; unabsorbed yolk mass, bronze discoloration and friable liver, hemorrhages in spleen, misshaped ova for salmonellosis as well as swollen and hardening of comb, congestion of skin, multiple pin point pale color necrotic lesion on liver, pin point hemorrhage on fat muscle of heart were observed for fowl cholera infection. Hence, this study will definitely help to perceive the prevalence of common bacterial diseases like colibacillosis, salmonellosis and fowl cholera infection in commercial poultry farm.
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Barros, Mércia R., Elmiro R. Nascimento, José Sérgio A. Silva, et al. "Occurrence of Mycoplasma synoviae on commercial poultry farms of Pernambuco, Brazil." Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 34, no. 10 (2014): 953–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-736x2014001000005.
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The state of Pernambuco is the largest producer of eggs in the North and Northeast of Brazil and second one in the broiler production. Mycoplasmas are important avian pathogens, which cause respiratory and joint diseases that result in large economic losses. The aim of the present study was to investigate the occurrence of Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) and Mycoplasma synoviae (MS) in broilers and commercial laying hens in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil. Tracheal fragments were analyzed from 55 healthy broilers, 35 broilers with respiratory signs and 30 commercial laying hens with respiratory signs, from 24 commercial poultry farms, each sample was composed of a pool of five birds. The bacteriological exam, PCR and nested PCR were used for the detection of Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) and Mycoplasma synoviae (MS). All samples were negative in bacteriological isolation. In the PCR analyses, seven samples from birds with respiratory signs were positive for MS and one was positive for MG, the latter of which was confirmed as the MG-F vaccine strain. The occurrence of MS in chickens with respiratory signs may indicate inadequate sanitary management on poultry farms, favoring the propagation of mycoplasmosis.
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SANI, R. M., I. TAHIR, and S. KUSHWAHA. "ECONOMICS OF POULTRY PRODUCTION IN BAUCHI STATE: A CASE STUDY OF BAUCHI LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 27 (January 3, 2021): 109–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v27i.1984.
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 The study was undertaken to examine the economics of poultry production in Bauchi Local Government Area of Bauchi State. Cost, returns and constraints associated with poultry production under an intensive system of management were examined. Four forms were randomly selected for the study. The major tools used for data analysis include simple descriptive statistics (mean, range and percentages) t-test, chi-square test and farm budget technique. Results of the cost and returns analysis showed that net profit per bird per production cycle in the layer's enterprise ranged from N160 - N165 and N251 - N252 in 1992/93 and 1993/94 respectively. The net profit per bird for production cycles in broiler enterprise ranged from N130 - N146 and N173.20 - N178.80 in 1993 and 1994 respectively. There was a significant difference (P<0.05) between the net profit per bird of layers and that o, broilers, showing that layer's enterprise was more profitable than broilers enterprise. The major constraints Associated with poultry enterprise include high cost of feed and prevalent diseases. Returns from investment (Kekocha, 1994). Poultry can be established with a minimum cost, and as a side project.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Broilers (Poultry) – Diseases and pests"
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Lima, Anna Monteiro Correia. "Avaliação de dois sistemas de produção de frango de corte : uma visão multidisciplinar." [s.n.], 2005. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/257246.
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Orientador: Irenilza de Alencar Nääs<br>Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Agricola<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T17:21:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
Lima_AnnaMonteiroCorreia_D.pdf: 727089 bytes, checksum: 35dbabd5e5be44e560b02060dfe791b0 (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2005<br>Resumo: O aumento de produção que levou o Brasil a ocupar a posição de segundo maior produtor de frangos de corte do mundo se deve a intensificação de criação. Essa intensificação teve como base vários aspectos que foram cuidadosamente controlados, dentre eles a nutrição e o manejo (sistemas de criação, ambiência, sanidade etc). Atualmente o que se observa em várias partes do mundo é a tendência em produzir frangos de corte, com bem estar animal. Paralelamente no Brasil, vem ressurgindo em nova versão a criação de frangos caipiras. O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar índices zootécnicos obtidos durante a produção de dois sistemas de frango de corte em escala comercial (In situ), um intensivo, convencional (granja A) e outro semi-extensivo, caipira (granja B), para verificar as inter-relações entre bem-estar animal, manejo, saúde animal e qualidade da carne. Na granja A foram alojados 14000 pintos enquanto que na granja B foram 7150. Observou-se que frangos da granja A apresentaram mais problemas locomotores: calos de pés, discondroplasia tibial quando comparados com frangos provenientes da granja B. Os frangos da granja A apresentaram alta prevalência de necrose da cabeça do fêmur, melhor conversão alimentar e ganho de peso, embora tenham apresentado maior mortalidade A e B, foram respectivamente 5,32 e 1,34%. Quanto a Salmonella sp. e Mycoplasma sp. não houve presença de frangos reagentes nas duas granjas. Quanto à qualidade da carne em termos físico-químicos, o pH do peito apresentou-se menor significativamente para carcaças de frangos provenientes da granja A, enquanto o pH da coxa não apresentou diferença significativa. A força de cisalhamento da carne de frango proveniente da granja A apresentou-se menor, quando comparada à de carcaças de frangos da granja B (1,972 para carcaças de A e 2,462 para as de B). A capacidade de retenção de água não diferiu entre as carcaçaa provenientes das granjas. Em termos microbiológicos a Salmonella sp. não foi encontrada em nenhuma carcaça de frango, embora a Listeria sp. tenha sido encontrada em 50% das carcaças analisadas. Os frangos da granja B estiveram em melhores condições de bem-estar animal. Com base nesses resultados foi possível estimar que os índices zootécnicos da granja A foram melhores que os da granja B, entretanto os problemas locomotores foram maiores nos frangos provenientes da granja A<br>Abstract: The increase in production technology was the major factor that lead Brazil to be the second largest world poultry producer. This production technology had the basis several aspects that were carefully controlled, among them nutrition and management (environment, health and rearing systems). Nowadays it is observed a world¿s tendency to produce animal searching good welfare conditions. In parallel in Brazil is growing a new version of extensive produced broilers (free-range broiler). The objective of this study was to evaluate the production indexes from two distinct industrial scale broiler productions (in situ): one intensive (farm A) and other semi-extensive (farm B) for verifying the inter-relations among welfare, management, health and meat quality (14000 broilers in farm A and 7150 broilers in farm B). It was observed that birds from farm A showed more leg weakness (foot burn and tibial dyschondroplasia) when compared with broiler from farm B. The broilers from farm A presented high prevalence of femur necrosis, higher feed conversion, and higher gain weight, although they had presented higher mortality (5,32 in farm A and 1,34% in farm B.). Regarding Salmonella sp and Mycoplasma sp it was not found serological reagent birds in neither of the studied farms. Regarding meat quality (in the physical chemistry analysis) the breast meat pH from farm A¿s birds presented values significantly smaller than the bird¿s carcass from farm B. The shearing force on meat from broiler reared at farm A were smaller than the ones from birds reared at farm B (1,972 farm A e 2,462 farm B).. Water holding capacity did not differ from the carcasses from both farms. In microbiological terms Samonella sp was not found the studied carcasses, however Listeria sp was found in 50% of the analyzed carcasses. About welfare conditions broilers from farm B were better. Based on these results it was possible to estimate that production index was better in farm A than in farm B, however leg weakness problems were higher in broilers from farm B<br>Doutorado<br>Construções Rurais e Ambiencia<br>Doutor em Engenharia Agrícola
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Rutt, Julianne Eileen. "Molecular Analysis Of The Epiphyseal Growth Plate In Rachitic Broilers: Evidence For The Etilogy Of The Condition." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1223319403.
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Mkhize, Felicity Nomfuzo. "Investigating the high incidence of bone disorders in a broiler farm : a case study." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/3346.
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Thesis (MPhil (Animal Sciences))--University of Stellenbosch, 2006.<br>Rickets is described as a disease that affects young growing poultry. Poorly mineralized bones with thickened and irregular growth plates characterize it. The onset of rickets is characterized by a failure of mineralization of cartilage and bone. Other symptoms of rickets include reluctance to movement in affected birds. These birds will sit on their hocks and if startled they use their wings for balance. On necropsy, bones are soft and fragile and they have thickened growth plates. In this study 30% of the chicks aged between 7 and 8 days from a broiler flock, started showing splay leg problems. Affected chicks were unable to support their weight on their legs, some showing paralysis. The bones were soft and rubbery. To try and identify the possible cause, bones from the affected chicks were analyzed for calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) to determine the Ca:P ratio. Blood serum was also analyzed for the mineral content. Ca and P were the main focus of the tests as the problem was suspected to be rickets. The feed was analyzed for protein, Ca and P. The bone analysis showed a Ca:P ratio of less than 2:1, while results of the blood serum showed an inverse Ca: P ratio. The analysis results of the feed as well as the bones showed an imbalance in the Ca:P ratio which according to literature and research done is a possible cause for rickets. These findings combined with the symptoms displayed by the affected birds, lead to the suggestion that the problem in this study was rickets.
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Awan, Mohammad Arif. "Systemic bacterial infections in broiler chickens." Thesis, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/33685.
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In broiler operations, various health problems develop during the final two weeks of the growing period, resulting in increased mortality and condemnation losses. At this stage, sickly birds were found to be systemically infected by various bacteria regardless of varied clinical signs. The main objective of the present study was to determine the prevalence and nature of systemic bacterial infections in unthrifty commercial broiler chickens and to establish a reproducible infection model in the laboratory.
Thirty-one unthrifty 6-week-old broilers were obtained from three farms, and bacterial isolations were conducted on blood, liver, and hock joint. Bacteria were isolated from 87, 90, and 71% of the blood, liver and hock joint samples, respectively. Mean bacterial counts (log������ CFU/ml or g) of the blood and liver were 2.15 and 2.93, respectively. Among 132 bacterial isolates, major species were; Staphylococcus (60%), Corynebacterium (18%), Escherichia coli (5%), and Stomatococcus (4%). Among 79 Staphylococcus isolates, 77 were coagulase-negative. Major species of staphylococci
were; S. lentus (19%), S. simulans (18%), S. cohnii (13%), S. gallinarum (10%) and
S. captis (7%). In addition, 6 species of gram-positive and 5 species of gram-negative organisms were isolated. Apparently systemic infections were not caused by predominant pathogenic bacterial species, and adequately described as mixed infections. However, there were some significant relationships between isolated bacterial species and sampling sites, suggesting that certain organisms were abundant in the environment of a particular poultry house. These results indicate that systemic infections in market age broilers are caused by mixed bacterial species and suggest that they are caused by suppressed host antibacterial systems rather than pathogenic factors of microorganisms. Antibiotic susceptibility results showed 100% susceptibility of staphylococcal isolates (n=69) against vancomycin and enrofloxacin. Of these coagulase negative staphylococci showed 19% and 73% resistance against methicillin and penicillin G, respectively. There was also heterogeneity in antibiogram profiles within species of coagulase-negative staphylococci.
Pathogenicity of representative field isolates from the above described study was tested in 5-day-old embryonated eggs and in 3- week-old broiler chicks. Consistent lethality was demonstrated with S. aureus in embryos. Staphylococcus intermedius or S. lentus demonstrated some pathogenicity, while S. gallinarum or Corynebacterium were non-pathogenic in embryos. In 3-week-old broilers, however, only S. aureus caused septicemia and death; other bacterial species mentioned above caused neither clinical signs of acute or chronic staphylococcosis nor mortality.<br>Graduation date: 1998
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Attamangkune, Seksom. "Possible involvment of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in the incidence of sudden death syndrome in broiler chickens." Thesis, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/35777.
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Seven experiments were carried out to investigate the
involvement of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism on the
incidence of Sudden Death Syndrome (SDS) in broiler
chickens.
Hepatic arachidonate level decreased after 1 h postmortem.
The decreased level of hepatic arachidonate
previously observed in SDS birds was, therefore, associated
with the post-mortem aging.
Broiler chickens fed diets high in glucose monohydrate
(cerelose) were more susceptible to SDS mortality than
broilers fed diets high in corn starch or corn-soy. Feeding
broilers a high cerelose diet increased the levels of plasma
calcium, total protein, triacylglycerol, and uric acid
compared to broilers fed corn starch diet. Broilers fed
cerelose diet also showed the higher incidence of leg
abnormality than broilers fed corn starch or corn-soy diets.
Daily intraperitoneal injection with 0.25 ml of L(+)
lactic acid solution (100 mg lactic acid/ml) to broilers
over a 7-d period failed to reproduce the SDS incidence,
whereas intravenous injection of 40% lactic acid solution
(200 mg lactic acid/kg body weight) resulted in 100%
incidence of SDS-type mortality. No SDS-type mortality was
observed with the intravenous injection of 40% sodium
lactate solution (200 mg sodium lactate/kg body weight).
Disturbance of physiological acid-base balance might be a
factor in the SDS-type mortality.
Suboptimal thiamin level in broilers fed cerelose diets
was observed. Thiamin supplementation to cerelose diet
improved the thiamin status of the broilers. Mortality due
to SDS was decreased when thiamin hydrochloride was
supplemented to cerelose diet at the level of 0.6 and 2.8 mg
thiamin hydrochloride/kg diet, respectively. Thiamin
supplementation, however, did not change the liver pyruvate
dehydrogenase activity and the proportion of pyruvate
dehydrogenase in the active form.
Disturbance of acid-base balance was postulated to be
associated with the incidence of SDS. Other genetic,
nutritional, and environmental factors are likely to modify
the incidence by affecting the acid-base status of the
chicken.<br>Graduation date: 1993
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Mwamburi, Lizzy A. "Biological control of the common house fly (Musa domestica L.) using Bacillus thuringiensis (Ishiwata) berliner var. Israelensis and Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) vullemin in caged poultry facilities." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/2669.
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The entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana and the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (Bti) have been widely studied for their role in biocontrol against many arthropods and extensively exploited for insect pest control. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of four B. bassiana and two Bti formulations and their respective combinations, for the biological control of the common house fly, Musca domestica L., a major pest in poultry facilities. In vitro screening was undertaken to select the best B. bassiana isolates from 34 B. bassiana isolates and two Paecilomyces isolates. All the isolates of B. bassiana were found to be effective against adult house flies, but were marginally effective in controlling fly larvae. The Paecilomyces isolates were non-pathogenic towards both adult house flies and larvae. The best four isolates R444, 7320, 7569 and 7771 caused >90% mortality within 2d and were subjected to dose-mortality bioassays. Microscopic studies using light and scanning electron microscopy indicated the different durations of the lifecycle of B. bassiana development on the house fly. High temperature was found to delay conidial germination. Spore germination and mycelial growth were also inhibited by high adjuvant concentrations. Laboratory baseline bioassay data established, a dose-time response relationship using a waterdispersible granules (WDG) Bti formulation that demonstrated that the susceptibility of M. domestica larvae to a given concentration of Bti increased as the duration of exposure increased. In the laboratory studies, the LC50 and LC90 values of Bti for the larvae ranged between 65 - 77.4 and 185.1 - 225.9?g ml-1, respectively. LT50 and LT90 values were 5.5 and 10.3d respectively. In the field, a concentration of 10g Bti kg-1 (bran formulation) of feed resulted in 90% reduction of larvae for 4wk post-treatment. A higher concentration (2g L-1) of Bti in spray (WDG) applications was not significantly more effective than the lower concentration of 1g L-1. Thus, adding Bti to chicken feed has potential for the management and control of house flies in cagedpoultry facilities. The impact of oral feed applications of a bran formulation of Bti and a commercial chemical larvicide, Larvadex®, were compared with respect to their efficacy on the control of house fly 3 larval populations in poultry manure. The sublethal effects were manifested in terms of decreasing emergence of adult house flies. Although Larvadex® reduced larval density and caused significant reductions in emergence of adult house flies, it generally exhibited weaker lethal effects than Bti. The reduction levels achieved as a result of feeding 250mg Bti kg-1 at 5wk were similar to those achieved as a result of feeding twice the amount of Larvadex® at 4wk to the layers. From both an efficiency and economic perspective, comparisons to assess the impact of combining different concentrations of the two Bti formulations were carried out to evaluate their success in controlling house fly larvae and adults in poultry houses. The percentage mortality of larvae accomplished as a result of using a combination of 250mg kg-1 Bti in feed and 2g L-1 spray applications was equivalent to that obtained as a result of combining 500mg kg-1 Bti in feed and 1g L-1 spray application. The cost-benefit analysis (expressed in terms of mortality of larvae) indicated that the most effective combination for control of house fly larvae and fly emergence was the 500mg kg-1 in feed and 2g L-1 spray application combination that resulted in 67% larval mortality and 74% inhibition of adult house fly emergence. This study presents commercial users with possible combinations of applications of the two Bti formulations. Comparisons of larval mortalities and house fly emergence resulting from the Bti - B. bassiana treatments with those from Larvadex® - B. bassiana treatments, showed better control levels compared to any of the individual agents alone. The Bti treatments were more effective at controlling larval populations and inhibiting the emergence of house flies than Larvadex®, even when Larvadex® was applied together with B. bassiana. The effects of the Bti - B. bassiana and the Larvadex® - B. bassiana interactions were additive. These trials suggest that the efficacy of Bti in the control of house fly larvae may be improved with frequent applications of B. bassiana.<br>Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2008.
Books on the topic "Broilers (Poultry) – Diseases and pests"
1
Antonelli, Arthur L. Poultry pests and their management. Washington State University Cooperative Extension, 1999.
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2
Antonelli, Arthur L. Poultry pests and their control. Cooperative Extension, College of Agriculture, Washington State University, 1987.
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3
Berg, Charlotte C. Foot-pad dermatitis in broilers and turkeys: Prevalence, risk factors and prevention. Sveriges Lantbruksuniversitet, 1998.
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Attamangkune, Seksom. Possible involvment of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in the incidence of sudden death syndrome in broiler chickens. 1992.
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Sparadbrow, P. H., and P. H. Spradbrow. Newcastle Disease in Village Chickens: Control with Thermostable Oral Vaccines (Aciar Proceedings). Hyperion Books, 1992.
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B, Spradbrow P., ed. Newcastle disease in village chickens: Control with thermostable oral vaccines : proceedings of an international workshop held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 6-10 October 1991. Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research, 1992.
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Wu, Yea-ching. Dietary fish meal and the incidence of sudden death syndrome in broiler chickens. 1989.
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Swaysgood, Susan. California Poultry Practice - Being Plain Hints For Beginners In The Rearing, Housing, Feeding, Protecting From Pests And Diseases And Marketing Of Poultry Products. Foster Press, 2007.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Broilers (Poultry) – Diseases and pests"
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Sparagano, Olivier, Davide Di Domenico, Claudio Venturelli, Elias Papadopoulos, Renate C. Smallegange, and Annunziata Giangaspero. "2. Arthropod pests in the poultry industry." In Ecology and Control of Vector-borne Diseases. Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-863-6_2.
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