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Journal articles on the topic 'Brominate'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 1 August 2025

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1

Kolegova, T. A., I. Yu Chukicheva, O. G. Shevchenko, and A. V. Kutchin. "Synthesis and some properties of new bromo derivatives of isobornylphenols." Журнал общей химии 93, no. 8 (2023): 1190–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0044460x2308005x.

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We determined optimal conditions to brominate various isobornyl phenols with molecular bromine and N -bromosuccinimide as well as studied oxidative bromination of them with KBr-Oxone®. For obtained brominated derivatives, as isobornylphenols, an assessment of erythrotoxicity, membrane-protective and antioxidant activity was performed using in vitro models. Halogen derivatives of isobornylphenols containing a bromine atom in the para -position and an alkyl fragment in the ortho -position relative to the phenolic hydroxyl group showed high antioxidant activity in the model of oxidative hemolysis

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2

Canestrari, Daniele, Caterina Cioffi, Ilaria Biancofiore, et al. "Sulphide as a leaving group: highly stereoselective bromination of alkyl phenyl sulphides." Chemical Science 10, no. 39 (2019): 9042–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9sc03560e.

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3

Au, Heather, Noelia Rubio, and Milo S. P. Shaffer. "Brominated graphene as a versatile precursor for multifunctional grafting." Chemical Science 9, no. 1 (2018): 209–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7sc03455e.

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A non-destructive and versatile chemical reduction method was used to dissolve and subsequently brominate few-layer graphene sheets (FLGs). The brominated FLGs provide a convenient precursor for the synthesis of a variety of directly functionalised graphenes.

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4

Tan, Shu Er, and Mohd Sani Sarjadi. "Alternative pathway to brominate 2,13-benzothiadiazole: Preparation of 4,7-dibromobenzo[c]-1,2,5-thiadiazole via N-bromosuccinimide." Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences 13, no. 4 (2017): 760–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/mjfas.v0n0.549.

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This present work reports an alternative pathway to brominate the 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole (BT). The conventional method to brominate a phenyl/benzene ring is to use the bromine solution (Br2) together with hydrobromic acid (HBr). This is because the phenyl/benzene rings exhibit high stability due to the delocalized -conjugation, which the substitution of bromines into the rings can only be done through a strong bromination source, e.g. the Br2/HBr. Besides that, there is another bromine source, known as N-bromosuccinimide (NBS), which is normally used for bromination of thiophene rings but not

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5

He, Cuiwen, Wenxin Song, Thomas A. Weston, et al. "Peroxidasin-mediated bromine enrichment of basement membranes." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 27 (2020): 15827–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2007749117.

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Bromine and peroxidasin (an extracellular peroxidase) are essential for generating sulfilimine cross-links between a methionine and a hydroxylysine within collagen IV, a basement membrane protein. The sulfilimine cross-links increase the structural integrity of basement membranes. The formation of sulfilimine cross-links depends on the ability of peroxidasin to use bromide and hydrogen peroxide substrates to produce hypobromous acid (HOBr). Once a sulfilimine cross-link is created, bromide is released into the extracellular space and becomes available for reutilization. Whether the HOBr genera

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6

Suárez-Castillo, Oscar R., Myriam Meléndez-Rodríguez, Lidia Beiza-Granados, Indira C. Cano-Escudero, Martha S. Morales-Ríos, and Pedro Joseph-Nathan. "C-6 Regioselective Bromination of Methyl Indolyl-3-acetate." Natural Product Communications 6, no. 4 (2011): 1934578X1100600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1100600405.

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An efficient route to natural occurring methyl 6-bromoindolyl-3-acetate 1c from methyl indolyl-3-acetate 3 was achieved in 3 steps and 68% overall yield. Thus, in order to regioselectively brominate 3 at the C6-position, introduction of electron withdrawing substituents at N1 and C8 was affected to give intermediate 4 in 82% yield. Bromination of 4 with 8 equiv of bromine in CCl4 and washings with aqueous Na2SO3 gave 5 in 86% yield, which was N- and C-decarbomethoxylated by treatment with NaCN in DMSO, affording 1c in 97% yield. The regioselectivity of bromination was evidenced by NMR spectros

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7

Bahrami, M., H. Hashemi, X. Ma, J. Kieffer, and R. M. Laine. "Why do the [PhSiO1.5]8,10,12 cages self-brominate primarily in the ortho position? Modeling reveals a strong cage influence on the mechanism." Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 16, no. 47 (2014): 25760–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4cp03997a.

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(PhSiO<sub>1.5</sub>)<sub>8,10,12</sub> cages are bulky, electron withdrawing like CF<sub>3</sub>; yet self-brominate (60 °C), favoring ortho substitution: PhT<sub>8</sub> (≈85%), PhT<sub>10</sub> (≈75%) and PhT<sub>12</sub> (60%).

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8

Sava, M. "Synthesis and properties of brominate bismaleimide monomers." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 101, no. 6 (2006): 3881–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.24526.

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9

Furukawa, Wataru, Munenori Takehara, Yoshinori Inoue, and Chitoshi Kitamura. "Crystal structure of 2-bromo-1,4-dihydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone." Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 70, no. 10 (2014): o1130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600536814020996.

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In an attempt to brominate 1,4-dipropoxy-9,10-anthraquinone, a mixture of products, including the title compound, C14H7BrO4, was obtained. The molecule is essentially planar (r.m.s. deviation = 0.029 Å) and two intramolecular O—H...O hydrogen bonds occur. In the crystal, the molecules are linked by weak C—H...O hydrogen bonds, Br...O contacts [3.240 (5) Å], and π–π stacking interactions [shortest centroid–centroid separation = 3.562 (4) Å], generating a three-dimensional network.

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10

Dood, Amber, Patrick Fisher, Christine Bodden, et al. "Synthesis of 5,6-Diaminoacenaphthylene by Reduction of Sterically Crowded Nitro Groups with Sodium Dithionite." SynOpen 02, no. 04 (2018): 0312–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1610406.

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5,6-Diaminoacenaphthylene was synthesized in four steps from acenaphthene. This seemingly simple molecule provides unique synthetic challenges because it is relatively difficult to reduce the nitro groups and the molecule contains a particularly reactive double bond. It was determined that the only feasible sequence for the synthesis was to nitrate acenaphthene, then brominate, eliminate, and finally selectively reduce. Several reduction methods were attempted before finding one that would completely reduce both nitro groups while leaving the double bond intact.

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11

Niu, Zhong Li, Shu Yu Zhu, Xiao Ting Zhang, Xiao Ze Jiang, and Mei Fang Zhu. "Synthesis of Biotinylated pH-Sensitive Glycopolymer with Different Architectures." Materials Science Forum 898 (June 2017): 2373–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.898.2373.

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Two pH-sensitive Glycopolymers with the same components but with different construction tailored biotin functionalities were developed for controlled release of bortezomib (BTZ).The initiator brominate biotin and glyco-monomer were synthesized precedently to produce the block-and random-biotinylated poly (2-Gluconamidoethyl methacrylate)-poly (2-Diethylaminoethyl methacrylate) (block/random Biotin-PGAMA-PDEA) via atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). The construction and composition of compounds and polymers were characterized by 1H NMR Spectroscopy. The block copolymer self-assembled i

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12

Moritzer, Ann-Christin, Tina Prior, and Hartmut H. Niemann. "Not Cleaving the His-tag of Thal Results in More Tightly Packed and Better-Diffracting Crystals." Crystals 10, no. 12 (2020): 1135. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst10121135.

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Flavin-dependent halogenases chlorinate or brominate their substrates in an environmentally friendly manner, only requiring the cofactor reduced flavin adenine dinucleotide (FADH2), oxygen, and halide salts. The tryptophan 6-halogenase Thal exhibits two flexible loops, which become ordered (substrate-binding loop) or adopt a closed conformation (FAD loop) upon substrate or cofactor binding. Here, we describe the structure of NHis-Thal-RebH5 containing an N-terminal His-tag from pET28a, which crystallized in a different space group (P21) and, surprisingly, diffracted to a higher resolution of 1

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13

Mitchell, Reginald H., Yongsheng Chen, and Ji Zhang. "N-BROMOSUCCINIMIDE-CHLOROFORM, A MORE CONVENIENT METHOD TO NUCLEAR BROMINATE REACTIVE AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS." Organic Preparations and Procedures International 29, no. 6 (1997): 715–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00304949709355255.

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14

MITCHELL, R. H., Y. CHEN, and J. ZHANG. "ChemInform Abstract: N-Bromosuccinimide-Chloroform, a More Convenient Method to Nuclear Brominate Reactive Aromatic Hydrocarbons." ChemInform 29, no. 10 (2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199810069.

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15

Ratpukdi, Thunyalux, Sudarat Sinorak, Pradabduang Kiattisaksiri, Patiparn Punyapalakul, and Sumana Siripattanakul-Ratpukdi. "Occurrence of trihalomethanes and haloacetonitriles in water distribution networks of Khon Kaen Municipality, Thailand." Water Supply 19, no. 6 (2019): 1748–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2019.049.

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Abstract The occurrence of trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetonitriles (HANs) in three water distribution networks (Thapra, Kota, and Khon Kaen University (KKU)) in Khon Kaen Municipality, Thailand, from November 2015 to December 2016 was investigated. The highest THMs and HANs were 584 μg/L and 30 μg/L, respectively. Chloroform was the dominant species of the THM pool and trichloroacetonitriles were the dominant species for HANs. Water treatment plants using free chlorine (Thapra and Kota) formed more THMs than the plant using ClO2 (KKU). In the summer season, more brominate THMs were observ

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16

Ozeryanskii, Valery A., Ekaterina V. Kolupaeva та Alexander F. Pozharskii. "N-Methylated 1,8-Diaminonaphthalenes as Bifunctional Nucleophiles in Reactions with α,ω-Dihalogenoalkanes: A Facile Route to Heterocyclic and Double Proton Sponges". Synthesis 52, № 22 (2020): 3427–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1707079.

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The reaction of 1-dimethylamino-8-(methylamino)naphthalene with 1,3-dibromopropane chemoselectively leads to the product of N,N′-heterocyclization, while in the case of 1,4-dibromobutane and 1,2-bis(bromomethyl)benzene the process results in heterocyclization onto the same nitrogen atom with the formation of previously unknown 1-dimethylamino-8-pyrrolidino- and 1-dimethylamino-8-isoindolino-naphthalenes. The same reactions conducted without adding any auxiliary base lead to the formation of N,N′-linked double proton sponges as a new type of polynitrogen organic receptor. Proceeding as a sequen

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17

Green, Joseph. "Char Studies: Flame Retarded Polycarbonate/PET Blend." Journal of Fire Sciences 12, no. 6 (1994): 551–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/073490419401200606.

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Bromine and phosphorus were shown to be synergistic in flame retarding a polycarbonate/PET blend as measured by oxygen index. This synergy is enhanced when both elements are present in the same molecule. Cone calorimeter data confirm these observations. Chars were formed by py rolysis in the TGA apparatus, by burning at high oxygen concentration in the oxygen index apparatus and by forced combustion in the cone calorimeter. Chars formed from the polymer blend containing the brominated phosphate gave 40-50% more char by weight than when bromine, phosphorus or blends of the two were used. Analys

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18

Green, Joseph. "A Phosphorus-Bromine Flame Retardant for Engineering Thermoplastics—A Review." Journal of Fire Sciences 12, no. 4 (1994): 388–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/073490419401200404.

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A brominated phosphate was evaluated as a flame retardant in a polycarbonate and various polycarbonate blends. This flame retardant was found to be significantly more effective than an all-bromine and an all- phosphorus flame retardant, and bromine-phosphorus synergy was demon strated. The synergy is more pronounced when both the bromine and phosphorus are in the same molecule. The brominated phosphate is melt blendable and acts as a processing aid increasing extrusion output, lowering injection molding temperature and reducing energy consumption. The polymers investigated were polycarbonate,

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19

Ahmed, Soad Mohamedeen, Rasha El-Sayed Selim, Mohamed Salah Khalil, and Saad Rashad El-Zemity. "Monoterpenoids and Their Synthesized Brominate Derivatives as Eco-Friendly Measures to Control Some Plant Pathogenic Fungi and Bacteria." Asian Journal of Biological Sciences 16, no. 3 (2023): 264–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ajbs.2023.264.274.

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20

Navarro, Maria A., Elliot L. Atlas, Alfonso Saiz-Lopez, et al. "Airborne measurements of organic bromine compounds in the Pacific tropical tropopause layer." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 45 (2015): 13789–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1511463112.

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Very short-lived brominated substances (VSLBr) are an important source of stratospheric bromine, an effective ozone destruction catalyst. However, the accurate estimation of the organic and inorganic partitioning of bromine and the input to the stratosphere remains uncertain. Here, we report near-tropopause measurements of organic brominated substances found over the tropical Pacific during the NASA Airborne Tropical Tropopause Experiment campaigns. We combine aircraft observations and a chemistry−climate model to quantify the total bromine loading injected to the stratosphere. Surprisingly, d

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21

Gaier, James R., Michael E. Dillehay, and Paul D. Hambourger. "Effects of milling brominated P-100 graphite fibers." Journal of Materials Research 2, no. 2 (1987): 195–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1987.0195.

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Preliminary procedures have been developed for the ball milling of pristine and brominated P-100 graphite fibers. Because of the lubricative properties of graphite, large ball loads (50% by volume) are required. Use of 2-propanol as a milling medium enhances the efficiency of the process. The fibers, when allowed to settle from the milling medium, tend to be preferentially aligned with rather few fibers standing up. Milled, brominated P-100 fibers have resistivities that are indistinguishable from their pristine counterparts, apparently because of loss of bromine. This suggests that bromine wo

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22

Falk, Stefanie, Björn-Martin Sinnhuber, Gisèle Krysztofiak, Patrick Jöckel, Phoebe Graf, and Sinikka T. Lennartz. "Brominated VSLS and their influence on ozone under a changing climate." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 17, no. 18 (2017): 11313–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-11313-2017.

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Abstract. Very short-lived substances (VSLS) contribute as source gases significantly to the tropospheric and stratospheric bromine loading. At present, an estimated 25 % of stratospheric bromine is of oceanic origin. In this study, we investigate how climate change may impact the ocean–atmosphere flux of brominated VSLS, their atmospheric transport, and chemical transformations and evaluate how these changes will affect stratospheric ozone over the 21st century. Under the assumption of fixed ocean water concentrations and RCP6.0 scenario, we find an increase of the ocean–atmosphere flux of br

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23

Carrizo, Daniel, Maria Unger, Henry Holmstrand, et al. "Compound-specific bromine isotope compositions of one natural and six industrially synthesised organobromine substances." Environmental Chemistry 8, no. 2 (2011): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en10090.

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Environmental contextBrominated organic compounds of both natural and anthropogenic origin are commonly found in the environment. Bromine has two stable isotopes and the isotopic composition of brominated compounds may vary depending on production pathways and degradation processes. These variations are a result of isotope fractionation effects, when heavy isotopes react slower than lighter isotopes. We apply compound-specific bromine isotope analysis to industrial brominated organic compounds, and one naturally produced analogue, to test the feasibility of the technique to investigate the sou

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Navaretnam, Raneesha, Izazy’ Nur Mohd Jaafar, Mohd Yunus Shukor, and Nur Adeela Yasid. "Exposure and Toxicity of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers: A Mini Review." Journal of Environmental Microbiology and Toxicology 11, no. 2 (2023): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.54987/jemat.v11i2.846.

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Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs), recognized as persistent organic pollutants by the United Nations Environment Programme, are a class of brominated flame retardants that pose significant environmental and health risks. These compounds, consisting of two aromatic rings with up to 10 bromine atom substitutions, are categorized into penta-BDE, octa-BDE, and deca-BDE based on their bromine content, each exhibiting distinct environmental behaviors. PBDEs with fewer bromine atoms are more volatile and prone to bioaccumulation, raising significant health concerns. These compounds, often added

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Zarska, Sandra, Damian Kulawik, Volodymyr Pavlyuk, et al. "A Facile and Efficient Bromination of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes." Materials 14, no. 12 (2021): 3161. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14123161.

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The bromination of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) was performed with vapor bromine in a closed vessel, and they were subjected to intensive stirring with a magnetic stirrer for up to 14 days. The efficiency of bromination was compared depending upon duration. The structure and surface of the crude and purified products were characterized by detailed physicochemical analyses, such as SEM/EDS, TEM, XRD, TGA, Raman, and XPS spectroscopies. The studies confirmed the presence of bromine covalently bound with nanotubes as well as the formation of inclusion MWCNT–Br2 complexes. It was confirme

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26

Abdel-Moety, Ezzat M., Abdel-Kader S. Ahmad, and Mohie Sharaf El-Din. "Determination of Iodine Values of Lipids by Bromide Ion Selective Electrode." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 69, no. 1 (1986): 67–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/69.1.67.

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Abstract A semimicro method for determination of iodine values of lipids is described. An accurately weighed smear of sample (10-20 mg) on a strip of ashless filter paper, 14 × 40 mm, is brominated with bromine vapors for about 5 min. Excess bromine adsorbed on the filter paper is allowed to sublime. Bromine absorbed by the sample is directly related to the degree of unsaturation. Paper with brominated sample is subjected to oxygen flask combustion in the presence of 2 mL 1M sodium hydroxide solution and 10 mL water as absorbing liquid. Bromide formed, which is equivalent to unsaturation, is d

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Huang, Songhai, Pengfei Niu, Yingpeng Su, Dongcheng Hu, and Congde Huo. "Tandem radical cyclization of N-methacryloyl benzamides with CBr4 to construct brominated isoquinolinediones." Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry 16, no. 41 (2018): 7748–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ob01964a.

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28

Li, Shen Yong, Shui Yu Sun, Jing Yong Liu, Jia Qi Wu, and Jia Jun Zeng. "Thermal Debromination of Waste Printed Circuit Boards by Iron-Based Catalyst." Advanced Materials Research 881-883 (January 2014): 589–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.881-883.589.

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Pyrolysis appears to be a promising route allowing all-components recovery of the high value of potentially accessible products from waste printed circuit boards (WPCBs). However, bromine-containing pyrolysis oil must be dehalogenation, otherwise it will be a strong impact on thermal treatment. In the present study, an effective and environmental-friendly process using tri-iron tetroxide sorbent (Fe-O) to simultaneously degrade brominated epoxy resin from WPCBs was developed in pyrolysis process. The results show that brominated epoxy resins can be quickly decomposed under catalysis condition.

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Morakinyo, Moshood K., Edward Chikwana, and Reuben H. Simoyi. "Oxyhalogen–sulfur chemistry — Kinetics and mechanism of the bromate oxidation of cysteamine." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 86, no. 5 (2008): 416–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v08-031.

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The kinetics and mechanism of the oxidation of the biologically important molecule, cysteamine, by acidic bromate and molecular bromine have been studied. In excess acidic bromate conditions, cysteamine is oxidized to N-brominated derivatives, and in excess cysteamine the oxidation product is taurine according to the following stoichiometry: BrO3– + H2NCH2CH2SH → H2NCH2CH2SO3H + Br–. There is quantitative formation of taurine before N-bromination commences. Excess aqueous bromine oxidizes cysteamine to give dibromotaurine: 5Br2 + H2NCH2CH2SH + 3H2O → Br2NCH2CH2SO3H + 8Br– + 8H+, while excess c

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30

García, P., I. A. Ramallo, M. O. Salazar, and R. L. E. Furlan. "Chemical diversification of essential oils, evaluation of complex mixtures and identification of a xanthine oxidase inhibitor." RSC Advances 6, no. 62 (2016): 57245–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra05373d.

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31

Ho, C. T. "Carbon fiber-reinforced tin-lead alloy composites." Journal of Materials Research 9, no. 8 (1994): 2144–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1994.2144.

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Brominated, anodically oxidized, and pristine p-100 carbon fiber reinforced tin-lead alloy composites were fabricated by squeeze casting. The fibers were brominated by bromine vapor for 48 h and then desorbed at 200 °C in air for 12 h. The anodic oxidation treatment of fibers involved electrochemical etching in a dilute sodium hydroxide electrolyte for 3 min, or immersing in nitric acid for 72 h. The composites containing surface-treated carbon fibers had higher tensile and interlaminar shear strength than the ones containing pristine carbon fibers. The composite containing brominated carbon f

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Makrushin, V. P., A. A. Kossov, E. G. Litvinova, G. N. Bondarenko, and S. M. Matson. "Cross-linking of brominated poly(1-trimethylsilyl-1-propyne) using polyethylenimine as a cross-linking agent." Membrany i membrannye tehnologii 14, no. 2 (2024): 100–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s2218117224020049.

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In this work cross-linked polymer membranes were obtained by heat treatment of films prepared from a solution containing a mixture of brominated poly(1-trimethylsilyl-1-propyne) [PTMSP] and polyfunctional amine polyethylenimine [PEI] as a cross-linking agent. The cross-linked products were identified on the basis of IR spectra, elemental analysis data, and the stability of the reaction products to the solvent (CCl4) in which the original brominated PTMSP is soluble. According to the IR spectra, the crosslinking reaction occurs via the reactive C-Br bond in bromine-containing PTMSP with the par

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Plotnikova, R. N. "Disadvantageous phthalates from production waste as the basis for the synthesis of plasticizer-antipyrin." Proceedings of the Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies 84, no. 1 (2021): 202–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.20914/2310-1202-2022-1-202-207.

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The possibility of using unsaturated phthalates obtained by the esterification of phthalic anhydride with distillation residues of butyl alcohols as a basis for the synthesis of a bromine-containing plasticizer-fire retardant was evaluated. prene, polyvinyl chloride, and polyvinyl acetate. Instability of the content of unsaturated esters of phthalic acid in the test object was noted with the most probable range of fluctuations in iodine number, ranging from 24.4 to 44.4. A direct dependence of the indicated variation limits on the content of 2-ethylhexene-3-ol-1 in the distillation residue of

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Cui, Jin Feng, Bi Bi Chen, Jun Hong Guo, Ying Ping Zhou, and Bao Ping Yang. "Preparation of Bromine Carbon Alkyd Resin Retardant Coatings for Steel Structure." Applied Mechanics and Materials 275-277 (January 2013): 1921–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.275-277.1921.

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Bromine carbon alkyd resin was synthesized with soya oil acid, pentaerythritol, phthalic anhydride and brominated epoxy resin as materials under the condition which reaction temperature for 200 °C, usage of catalyst was 0.1% and period of esterification reaction lasted 3 h. And then bromine carbon alkyd resin retardant coatings for steel structure was prepared using bromine carbon alkyd resin as binder which compounded with flame retardant additives through stirred, grinded and dispersed homogeneously. Resin and coatings were analyzed by infrared spectroscopy and TG-DSC. The optimal formula of

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Green, Joseph. "Phosphorus-Bromine Flame Retardant Synergy in a Polycarbonate/Polyethylene Terephthalate Blend." Journal of Fire Sciences 12, no. 3 (1994): 257–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/073490419401200303.

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The literature contains many claims to phosphorus/bromine flame retardant synergy. Many of these reports appear to be based upon a nonlinear response-concentration relationship. This paper shows convincing data for synergy in a a 2/1 polycarbonate/polyethylene terephthalate blend. The literature also shows phosphorus efficiency as a flame retardant to be 3-8 times more effective than bromine, depending on the polymer and flame retar dant. These data show phosphorus to be about ten times more effective than bromine in a 2/1 polycarbonate/PET blend. Brominated phosphates, where both bromine and

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Laube, J. C., A. Engel, H. Bönisch, et al. "Contribution of very short-lived organic substances to stratospheric chlorine and bromine in the tropics – a case study." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 8, no. 3 (2008): 8491–515. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-8-8491-2008.

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Abstract. The total stratospheric organic chlorine and bromine burden was derived from balloon-borne measurements in the tropics (Teresina, Brazil, 5°04´S, 42°52´W) in 2005. Whole air samples were collected cryogenically at altitudes between 15 and 34 km. For the first time, we report measurements of a set of 28 chlorinated and brominated substances in the tropical upper troposphere and stratosphere including ten substances with an atmospheric lifetime of less than half a year. The substances were quantified using pre-concentration techniques followed by Gas Chromatography with Mass Spectromet

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Navarro, Maria A., Alfonso Saiz-Lopez, Carlos A. Cuevas, et al. "Modeling the inorganic bromine partitioning in the tropical tropopause layer over the eastern and western Pacific Ocean." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 17, no. 16 (2017): 9917–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-9917-2017.

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Abstract. The stratospheric inorganic bromine (Bry) burden arising from the degradation of brominated very short-lived organic substances (VSLorg) and its partitioning between reactive and reservoir species is needed for a comprehensive assessment of the ozone depletion potential of brominated trace gases. Here we present modeled inorganic bromine abundances over the Pacific tropical tropopause based on aircraft observations of VSLorg from two campaigns of the Airborne Tropical TRopopause EXperiment (ATTREX 2013, carried out over the eastern Pacific, and ATTREX 2014, carried out over the weste

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Wang, Lai, and Jin-Liang Wang. "Synthesis and absorption properties of small-molecule acceptor based rich-electronic benzodiselenophene core with hybrid bromination and fluorination end-group." E3S Web of Conferences 261 (2021): 02081. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126102081.

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At present, dihalogenated 1, 1-dicyanomethylene-3-indanone (IC) have attracted widely attention as terminal unit. Here, our work designed and synthesized a new nonfullerene small molecule acceptor material BDSe-FBr, with simultaneously fluorinated and brominated terminal. Due to that bromine atom has more electrons and larger size, and fluorine atom enhanced intermolecular π-π packing, BDSe-FBr present strong absorption abilities in solution and film. It shows a broad absorption range of 600–800 nm and 700– 900 nm, with the maximum absorption peak in solution and film of 742 nm and 774 nm, res

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Laube, J. C., A. Engel, H. Bönisch, et al. "Contribution of very short-lived organic substances to stratospheric chlorine and bromine in the tropics – a case study." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 8, no. 23 (2008): 7325–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-7325-2008.

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Abstract. The total stratospheric organic chlorine and bromine burden was derived from balloon-borne measurements in the tropics (Teresina, Brazil, 5°04´ S, 42°52´ W) in 2005. Whole air samples were collected cryogenically at altitudes between 15 and 34 km. For the first time, we report measurements of a set of 28 chlorinated and brominated substances in the tropical upper troposphere and stratosphere including ten substances with an atmospheric lifetime of less than half a year. The substances were quantified using pre-concentration techniques followed by Gas Chromatography with Mass Spectrom

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40

Mokoana, Vincent, Joseph Asante, and Jonathan Okonkwo. "Brominated flame-retardant composition in firefighter bunker gear and its thermal performance analysis." Journal of Fire Sciences 39, no. 3 (2021): 207–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/07349041211001296.

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Firefighting bunker gear is manufactured from flame-retardant materials, which resist ignition and delay flame spread. However, concerns have been emerging on the potential harmful effects of some flame retardants (FRs) commonly used in flame-retarding materials, particularly the brominated flame retardants. This study investigated the presence of flame retardants in bunker gear, particularly polybrominated diphenyl ethers and their congeners in the garments, and evaluated their impact on thermal performance. X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy was used to ascertain the presence of bromine as a po

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Labiod, Siham, Thami Zeghloul, Zehira Ziari, Mohamed-Sofiane Bendilmi, and Lucian Dascalescu. "Effect of atmospheric dielectric barrier discharge treatment on the triboelectric charging properties of brominated Polyethylene granules." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2702, no. 1 (2024): 012026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2702/1/012026.

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Abstract This paper aims to investigate the effect of dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma treatment on the triboelectric charging properties of granular materials containing brominated flame retardants (BFRs). This work focuses on the impact of treatment time and the applied voltage frequency. Experiments were carried out on Polyethylene (PE) particles containing 40000 ppm of bromine (PE 4.6 % of Hexabromobenzene) and BFR-free PE. The DBD treated particles were then charged by triboelectric effect in a multi-cylinder device. The triboelectric charge acquired by each sample was quantified

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Aschmann, J., B. M. Sinnhuber, M. P. Chipperfield, and R. Hossaini. "Impact of deep convection and dehydration on bromine loading in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 11, no. 1 (2011): 121–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-11-121-2011.

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Abstract. Stratospheric bromine loading due to very short-lived substances is investigated with a three-dimensional chemical transport model over a period of 21 years using meteorological input data from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts ERA-Interim reanalysis from 1989 to the end of 2009. Within this framework we analyze the impact of dehydration and deep convection on the amount of stratospheric bromine using an idealized and a detailed full chemistry approach. We model the two most important brominated short-lived substances, bromoform (CHBr3) and dibromomethane (CH2Br2

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43

Aschmann, J., B. M. Sinnhuber, M. P. Chipperfield, and R. Hossaini. "Impact of deep convection and dehydration on bromine loading in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 11, no. 6 (2011): 2671–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-2671-2011.

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Abstract. Stratospheric bromine loading due to very short-lived substances is investigated with a three-dimensional chemical transport model over a period of 21 years using meteorological input data from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts ERA-Interim reanalysis from 1989 to the end of 2009. Within this framework we analyze the impact of dehydration and deep convection on the amount of stratospheric bromine using an idealized and a detailed full chemistry approach. We model the two most important brominated short-lived substances, bromoform (CHBr3) and dibromomethane (CH2Br2

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Svec, F., J. M. J. Fréchet, and I. Duvdevani. "Testing of Compositional Distribution in Brominated Isobutylene Elastomers." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 77, no. 1 (2004): 78–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3547815.

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Abstract A method based on high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method has been developed for the characterization of the compositional distribution of brominated poly(isobutylene-co-4-methylstyrene) and poly(isobutylene-co-isoprene). The desired separations in normal-phase chromatographic mode could only be achieved by using columns packed with specifically developed 10 and 3 µm porous monodisperse poly(2,3-dihydroxypropyl methacrylate-co-ethylene dimethacrylate) beads that have a homogeneous coverage of aliphatic hydroxyl groups. Linear gradients of tetrahydrofuran in hexane and dic

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Ho, C. T. "Nickel-coated carbon fiber-reinforced tin-lead alloy composites." Journal of Materials Research 10, no. 7 (1995): 1730–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1995.1730.

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Nickel is deposited over pristine, surface-treated, and brominated P-100 carbon fibers using cementation and electroplating techniques. The fibers are brominated by bromine vapor for 48 h and then desorbed at 200 °C in air for 12 h. The anodic oxidation treatment is performed by etching fibers electrochemically in a dilute sodium electrolyte for 3 min or by immersing fibers in nitric acid for 72 h. Electroplated-coated fibers show better tensile properties than cementation-coated fibers. Tin-lead alloy composites reinforced by nickel-coated fibers (which are pristine, anodically oxidized, and

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Patel, B. P., H. S. Patel, and S. R. Patel. "Modified Castor Oil as an Epoxy Resin Curing Agent." E-Journal of Chemistry 1, no. 1 (2004): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2004/412906.

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A castor oil, an agricultural product, is an unsaturated material. Hence the castor oil is brominated by bromine liquid. The brominated castor oil (BCO) was then reacted with excess of aliphatic diaminesviz; ethylene diamine, 1,3-propane diamine and 1,6-hexane diamine. The resultant amino functionalized castor oil (ACO) samples were then characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectral study and number of amino groups. All the three ACO samples were then employed for the curing of commercial Brominated epoxy resin. The curing of epoxy resin by ACO was monitored on differential scanning calorim

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Toyota, K., Y. Kanaya, M. Takahashi, and H. Akimoto. "A box model study on photochemical interactions between VOCs and reactive halogen species in the marine boundary layer." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 4, no. 7 (2004): 1961–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-4-1961-2004.

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Abstract. A new chemical scheme is developed for the multiphase photochemical box model SEAMAC (size-SEgregated Aerosol model for Marine Air Chemistry) to investigate photochemical interactions between volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and reactive halogen species in the marine boundary layer (MBL). Based primarily on critically evaluated kinetic and photochemical rate parameters as well as a protocol for chemical mechanism development, the new scheme has achieved a near-explicit description of oxidative degradation of up to C3-hydrocarbons (CH4, C2H6, C3H8, C2H4, C3H6, and C2H2) initiated by

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Grimmett, MR, ET Vanhorik, and SR Kulkarni. "Alkylation of 4-Nitroimidazole-5-Thiol With Alpha,Omega-Dihalides to Form Bicyclic Derivatives." Australian Journal of Chemistry 38, no. 12 (1985): 1873. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch9851873.

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The ammonium salt of 4-nitroimidazole-5-thiol is alkylated at N and S by 1,2-dichloroethane, 1,3-dibromopropane, and 1,4-dibromobutane to give bicyclic products. These cyclic thioethers can be oxidized to the sulfones , and brominated in the imidazole ring, while the bromine atom is subject to nucleophilic displacement by piperidine.

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Plotnikova, R. N. "Investigation of the properties of the brominated phthalate-containing system and determination of its application areas." Proceedings of the Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies 83, no. 1 (2021): 290–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.20914/2310-1202-2021-1-290-296.

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The structure of a multicomponent system including phthalic acid esters has been studied using the methods of infrared spectroscopy and proton magnetic resonance. The obtained spectrograms are analyzed, indicating the presence of peaks corresponding to certain radicals present in the assumed structure of the main organic compounds of the multicomponent system. The presence of bromine atoms in the radicals of the molecules that make up the phthalate-containing system is established. The structure of the molecules of the basic component of the brominated system is shown. Spectral studies have co

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Sochnev, V. S., Yu V. Koshchienko, T. A. Kuz'menko, A. A. Kolodina, G. S. Borodkin, and A. S. Morkovnik. "Bromination of 1(9)<i>H</i>-2,3-dihydroimidazo[1,2-<i>a</i>]benzimidazole and its <i>N</i>-derivatives." Журнал общей химии 93, no. 6 (2023): 858–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0044460x23060045.

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2,3-Dihydro-1 H -imidazo[1,2- a ]benzimidazole in acetic acid, and its N 1-Me derivative in CHCl3, are brominated at position 6 with bromine. Less nucleophilic N 9-R derivatives do not enter into the reaction under these conditions, but, like their N 1-R isomers, they are quite effectively brominated by the KBrO3-HBr system, but at position 7, probably due to the transition of the reaction to the mode of bromination of protonated forms of substrates. N 1- and N 9-alkyl-6(7)-Br-2,3-dihydroimidazo[1,2- a ]benzimidazoles can also be obtained by N -alkylation of 6(7)-Br-2,3-dihydroimidazo[1,2- a ]

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