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Journal articles on the topic 'Bromine Acid'

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Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 1 August 2025

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1

Basavaiah, Kanakapura, Umakanthappa Chandrashekar, and Paregowda Nagegowda. "Titrimetric, spectrophotometric and kinetic methods for the assay of atenolol using bromate-bromide and methyl orange." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 71, no. 5 (2006): 553–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc0605553b.

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Three new methods have been developed for the determination of atenolol in bulk drug and in tablet formulation. The methods are based on the oxidation-bromination reaction of the drug by bromine, generated in situ by the action of acid on a bromate- bromide mixture. In the titrimetric method the drug is treated with a known excess of bromate-bromide mixture in hydrochloric acid medium, followed by the determination of the unreacted bromine iodometrically. The spectrophotometric method involves the addition of a measured excess of bromate-bromide reagent in hydrochloric acid medium to atenolol,

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2

Ramesh, Jagannathamurthy, Kanakapura Basavaiah, Ranganath Divya, Nagaraju Rajendraprasad, and Basavaiah Vinay. "Titrimetric and spectrophotometric determination of doxycycline hyclate using bromate-bromide, methyl orange and indigo carmine." Chemical Industry and Chemical Engineering Quarterly 16, no. 2 (2010): 139–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ciceq091208020r.

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One titrimetric and two indirect spectrophotometric methods are described for the determination of doxycycline hyclate (DCH) in bulk drug and in its formulations. The methods use bromate-bromide, methyl orange and indigo carmine as reagents. In titrimetry (method A), DCH is treated with a known excess of bromate-bromide mixture in acid medium and the residual bromine is back titrated iodometrically after the reaction between DCH and in situ bromine is ensured to be complete. In spectrophotometric methods, the excess of bromine is estimated by treating with a fixed amount of either methyl orang

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3

Buhse, Thomas, and Wolfram Thiemann. "Chiral Intermediates and the Oscillatory Effect of Circular Dichroism in the Belousov – Zhabotinskii Type Reaction of L-Ascorbic Acid." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 46, no. 10 (1991): 1406–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1991-1019.

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Investigating the Belousov—Zhabotinskii (BZ) type reaction of an acidic L-ascorbic acid (AA) / potassium bromate / cerous sulfate system, an oscillatory effect of circular dichroism is detectable at λ = 300 nm. HPLC analysis of the oscillatory mixture and spectroscopic experiments indicate that this effect is caused by 3,4,5-trihydroxy-2-oxo-L-valeraldehyde (TVA) — a C 5 oxidation fragment of AA. Because of the bromide ion production occurring before the metal catalyst addition the AA system shows no preoscillatory phase and a rather short entire length of oscillation up to a maximum of 20 min

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4

Tan, Shu Er, and Mohd Sani Sarjadi. "Alternative pathway to brominate 2,13-benzothiadiazole: Preparation of 4,7-dibromobenzo[c]-1,2,5-thiadiazole via N-bromosuccinimide." Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences 13, no. 4 (2017): 760–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/mjfas.v0n0.549.

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This present work reports an alternative pathway to brominate the 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole (BT). The conventional method to brominate a phenyl/benzene ring is to use the bromine solution (Br2) together with hydrobromic acid (HBr). This is because the phenyl/benzene rings exhibit high stability due to the delocalized -conjugation, which the substitution of bromines into the rings can only be done through a strong bromination source, e.g. the Br2/HBr. Besides that, there is another bromine source, known as N-bromosuccinimide (NBS), which is normally used for bromination of thiophene rings but not

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5

Kanakapura, Basavaiah, Bankavadi Chikkaswamy Somashekar, Urdigere Rangachar Anilkumar, and Veeraiah Ramakrishna. "Sensitive bromatometric assay methods for finasteride in pharmaceuticals." Ecletica Quimica 31, no. 3 (2006): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.26850/1678-4618eqj.v31.3.2006.p31-38.

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Three sensitive spectrophotometric methods are presented for the determination of finas-teride in bulk and in tablets. The methods rely on the use of bromate-bromide reagent and three dyesnamely, methyl orange, indigocarmine and thymol blue as reagents. They involve the addition of ameasured excess of bromate-bromide reagent to finasteride in acid medium, and after the brominationreaction is judged to be complete, the unreacted bromine is determined by reacting with a fixed amountof either methylorange and measuring the absorbance at 520 nm (method A) or indigocarmine andmeasuring the absorban

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6

Basavaiah, Kanakapura, Umakanthappa Chandrashekar, and Nage Gowda. "Titrimetric and spectrophotometric assay of felodipine in tablets using bromate–bromide, Methyl Orange and Indigo Carmine reagents." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 70, no. 7 (2005): 969–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc0507969b.

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Three new methods based on titrimetric and spectrophotometric techniques are described for the determination of felodipine (FLD) in the bulk drug and in tablets using a bromate?bromide mixture and two dyes, Methyl Orange and Indigo Carmine. In the titrimetric method (method A), the drug solution was treated with a measured excess of the bromate?bromide mixture in acid medium and after the reaction was judged to be complete, the unreacted bromine was determined iodometrically. The two spectrophotometric methods are based on the bromination of the drug with a known excess of the bromate?bromide

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7

Ševčík, Peter, and Jana Dubovská. "Oscillations of bromine in Belousov-Zhabotinskii type reaction with oxalic acid." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 50, no. 7 (1985): 1450–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19851450.

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The authors studied the influence of the concentrations of reactants and catalysts on the parameters of the catalysed oscillation reaction of bromate ions with oxalic acid in the medium of sulphuric acid. Ce(IV) and Mn(III) ions induce the reaction of bromine in the oxidation state either +1 or 0 with oxalic acid. In the presence of bromate ions, the induced reaction can lead to the formation of the same quantity of bromine as in the first oscillation cycle of the oscillation reaction.

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8

Gerhardt, Michael R., Eugene S. Beh, Liuchuan Tong, Roy G. Gordon, and Michael J. Aziz. "Comparison of Capacity Retention Rates During Cycling of Quinone-Bromide Flow Batteries." MRS Advances 2, no. 8 (2016): 431–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2016.667.

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ABSTRACTWe use cyclic charge-discharge experiments to evaluate the capacity retention rates of two quinone-bromide flow batteries (QBFBs). These aqueous QBFBs use a negative electrolyte containing either anthraquinone-2,7-disulfonic acid (AQDS) or anthraquinone-2-sulfonic acid (AQS) dissolved in sulfuric acid, and a positive electrolyte containing bromine and hydrobromic acid. We find that the AQS cell exhibits a significantly lower capacity retention rate than the AQDS cell. The observed AQS capacity fade is corroborated by NMR evidence that suggests the formation of hydroxylated products in

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9

Kye, Homin, Heegun Oh, Youmi Jung, et al. "Oxidation of Florfenicol and Oxolinic Acid in Seawater by Ozonation." Applied Sciences 10, no. 14 (2020): 4944. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10144944.

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There has been an increase in the use of antibiotics by the aquaculture industry in marine aquaculture for the prevention of diseases in fish. Antibiotics in the water discharged into the sea without treatment can cause disturbances to the marine ecosystem. Therefore, there is a need for research on how the removal of antibiotics used in aquaculture can be achieved. In this study, the removal of two types of antibiotics (florfenicol, FF, and oxolinic acid, OA) used in the aquaculture industry, by ozonation, was evaluated. Currently, there is a lack of research studies on FF and OA removal from

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10

Liao, J., L. G. Huey, E. Scheuer, et al. "Characterization of soluble bromide measurements and a case study of BrO observations during ARCTAS." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 11, no. 9 (2011): 26999–7030. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-11-26999-2011.

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Abstract. A focus of the Arctic Research of the Composition of the Troposphere from Aircraft and Satellites (ARCTAS) mission was examination of bromine photochemistry in the spring time, high latitude troposphere based on aircraft and satellite measurements of BrO and related species. The NASA DC-8 aircraft utilized a chemical ionization mass spectrometry (CIMS) instrument to measure BrO and a mist chamber (MC) to measure soluble bromide. We have determined that the MC detection efficiency to molecular bromine (Br2), hypobromous acid (HOBr), bromine oxide (BrO), and hydrogen bromide (HBr) as s

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11

He, Cuiwen, Wenxin Song, Thomas A. Weston, et al. "Peroxidasin-mediated bromine enrichment of basement membranes." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 27 (2020): 15827–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2007749117.

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Bromine and peroxidasin (an extracellular peroxidase) are essential for generating sulfilimine cross-links between a methionine and a hydroxylysine within collagen IV, a basement membrane protein. The sulfilimine cross-links increase the structural integrity of basement membranes. The formation of sulfilimine cross-links depends on the ability of peroxidasin to use bromide and hydrogen peroxide substrates to produce hypobromous acid (HOBr). Once a sulfilimine cross-link is created, bromide is released into the extracellular space and becomes available for reutilization. Whether the HOBr genera

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12

Echigo, S., X. R. Zhang, H. Lei, M. E. Smith, and R. A. Minear. "Evaluation of control strategies for disinfection byproducts for small water supplies using ozone as an alternative disinfection process." Water Supply 9, no. 4 (2009): 431–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2009.533.

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Batch ozonation experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of various operating options (i.e. additions of acid, ethanol, ammonium ion, and hydrogen peroxide) on the formation of disinfection byproducts (DBPs) in six different source waters. Formation of bromate, total organic bromines, total aldehydes (the sum of 13 aldehydes) was evaluated, assuming they represent three different types of DBPs during ozonation (i.e. inorganic bromine DBPs, organobromine DBPs, and non-brominated organic DBPs, respectively). Among the tested options, acid addition was found to be the best one to con

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13

Morakinyo, Moshood K., Edward Chikwana, and Reuben H. Simoyi. "Oxyhalogen–sulfur chemistry — Kinetics and mechanism of the bromate oxidation of cysteamine." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 86, no. 5 (2008): 416–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v08-031.

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The kinetics and mechanism of the oxidation of the biologically important molecule, cysteamine, by acidic bromate and molecular bromine have been studied. In excess acidic bromate conditions, cysteamine is oxidized to N-brominated derivatives, and in excess cysteamine the oxidation product is taurine according to the following stoichiometry: BrO3– + H2NCH2CH2SH → H2NCH2CH2SO3H + Br–. There is quantitative formation of taurine before N-bromination commences. Excess aqueous bromine oxidizes cysteamine to give dibromotaurine: 5Br2 + H2NCH2CH2SH + 3H2O → Br2NCH2CH2SO3H + 8Br– + 8H+, while excess c

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14

Francke, Robert, Nayereh Mohebbati, Igors Sokolovs, and Edgars Suna. "Electrochemistry of Hypervalent Bromine(III) Compounds." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 42 (2022): 1822. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-01421822mtgabs.

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The chemistry of hypervalent halogen species has experienced remarkable advancement in the recent decades [1]. However, in comparison to the well-explored hypervalent iodine(III) compounds, little research has been done on the isoelectronic bromine(III) counterparts [2]. This is mainly due to the difficult-to-control reactivity of λ 3-bromanes as well as to the challenges associated with the conventional protocol for their preparation from the highly toxic and corrosive precursor BrF3 [3]. In this context, we present a straightforward and scalable approach to λ 3-bromanes by anodic oxidation o

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15

Liao, J., L. G. Huey, E. Scheuer, et al. "Characterization of soluble bromide measurements and a case study of BrO observations during ARCTAS." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 12, no. 3 (2012): 1327–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-1327-2012.

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Abstract. A focus of the Arctic Research of the Composition of the Troposphere from Aircraft and Satellites (ARCTAS) mission was examination of bromine photochemistry in the spring time high latitude troposphere based on aircraft and satellite measurements of bromine oxide (BrO) and related species. The NASA DC-8 aircraft utilized a chemical ionization mass spectrometer (CIMS) to measure BrO and a mist chamber (MC) to measure soluble bromide. We have determined that the MC detection efficiency to molecular bromine (Br2), hypobromous acid (HOBr), bromine oxide (BrO), and hydrogen bromide (HBr)

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16

Satyanarayana, K. V. V., and P. Nageswara Rao. "Sensitive Bromatometric Methods for the Determination of Sumatriptan Succinate in Pharmaceutical Formulations." E-Journal of Chemistry 8, no. 1 (2011): 269–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/562749.

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Two simple and sensitive spectrophotometric methods are described for the determination of sumatriptan succinate (STS) in pure and tablets using bromate-bromide as the bromination reagent in acid medium and two dyes as subsidiary reagents. The two methods are based on the bromination of STS by a known excess ofin situgenerated bromine followed by determination of unreacted bromine by reacting with a fixed amount of methyl orange (Method A) or indigo carmine (Method B) and measuring the absorbance at 508 or 610 nm. In both methods, the amount of bromine reacted corresponds to the amount of STS.

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17

El-Didamony, Akram M., та Eman A. H. Erfan. "Spectrophotometric determination ofβ-blocker drugs by oxidation with bromate–bromide mixture and its analytical application to pharmaceutical preparations". Spectroscopy 25, № 6 (2011): 303–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/541962.

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Three visible spectrophotometric methods (A–C) were developed for the analysis of someβ-blocker drugs, namely atenolol (ATE) and timolol (TIM) based on their reactivity with bromine, generated in situ by the action of hydrochloric acid on bromate–bromide mixture. The determination of residual bromine is based on its ability to bleach the indigo carmine dye and measuring the absorbance at 610 nm (method A). Methods B and C involve treating the unreacted bromine with a measured excess of iron (II), the remaining iron (II) is complexed with 1,10-phenanthroline (method B) or with 2,2'-bipyridyl (m

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18

Sander, R., J. Burrows, and L. Kaleschke. "Carbonate precipitation in brine – the trigger for tropospheric ozone depletion events." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 6, no. 4 (2006): 7075–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-6-7075-2006.

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Abstract. Tropospheric ozone depletion events (ODEs) at high latitudes were discovered 20 years ago and are attributed to bromine explosions. However, an outstanding and unresolved issue is the explanation of how the acid-catalyzed reaction cycle is triggered in atmospheric particles derived from alkaline sea water. By simulating the chemistry occuring in polar regions over recently formed sea ice, we can model successfully the transformation of inert sea-salt bromide to reactive bromine monoxide (BrO) and the subsequent ODE when precipitation of calcium carbonate from freezing sea water is ta

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19

Försterling, Horst-Dieter, Szilvia Murányi, and Helmut Schreiber. "Rate of the Bromous Acid-Bromide Reaction Measured in a Br2-HOBr Buffer System in Sulfuric Acid Solution." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 44, no. 6 (1989): 555–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-1989-0611.

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In the Belousov-Zhabotinsky system bromine species of oxidation states - 1 to 5 are important for the start and for the inhibition of the autocatalytic reaction steps. Especially, the reaction of Br- with HBrO2 competes with the oxidation of Ce3+ by BrO2 formed from HBrO2 and HBrO3. In our investigation the reaction of Br- with HBrO2 (solvent 1 M sulfuric acid) is followed spectroscopically in a mixture of bromine and hypobromous acid, which system works as a buffer for bromide. Including experiments on the hydrolysis of Br2 and on the solubility product of AgBr in 1 M sulfuric acid solution d

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20

Harms, G., and M. J. Hardonk. "Specific demonstration of ribonucleic acid by chemical bromination and immunohistochemistry." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 37, no. 4 (1989): 479–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/37.4.2466888.

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In this report we describe a specific staining procedure for detection of ribonucleic acid (RNA), based on bromination of uracil and subsequent immunohistochemical visualization of 5-bromouracil in RNA. This method is applicable for both cryostat and glycol methacrylate (GMA)-embedded sections. Cryostat sections must be fixed in formaldehyde, whereas tissue pieces to be embedded in GMA are fixed in cold acetone. Before bromination, sections must be treated with trypsin. Bromination was performed in a solution of bromine in potassium bromide. After bromination, excess bromine was removed with s

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21

Mohd Taufek, Nor Hidayah, Awis Sukarni Mohmad Sabere, Ummi Syahidah Mohamad Jamahari, Nur Balkhis Amran, Abdul Rahman Fata Nahas, and Joseph Bidai. "Variation of bromine concentration as an essential trace element in human milk over lactation stages." Journal of Pharmacy 4, no. 1 (2024): 68–73. https://doi.org/10.31436/jop.v4i1.257.

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Introduction: Bromine has been newly discovered in human milk but its importance in the growth and development of infants is unclear. Only a few studies have reported the concentration of bromine in human milk and considered it as an essential element, whereas others highlighted its toxicity of bromism in humans. This study aimed to determine the concentration of bromine as an essential trace element in human milk using a validated acid digestion method and discuss its variation over lactation stages. Method: Human milk samples were collected from three postpartum mothers and analysed using in

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22

Gorokhova, Larisa G., and Nadezhda N. Mikhailova. "On the issue of the toxic effect of bromine and its inorganic compounds on the body (literature review)." Hygiene and sanitation 103, no. 7 (2024): 744–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2024-103-7-744-753.

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The study of the influence of various chemical elements on the human body is a relevant area, since it allows detecting the patterns of distribution and migration of these elements in tissues, as well as their role in the development of specific diseases. Among inorganic chemicals, a special place is occupied by bromine and its inorganic compounds widely used in industry, agriculture, and medicine. The search and selection of literature sources to identify the physiological effects and features of the toxic impact of bromine and bromide compounds on the human body and experimental animals was

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23

Modestov, Alexander, Natalia Kartashova, Roman Pichugov, Mikhail Petrov, Anatoly Antipov, and Lilia Abunaeva. "Bromine Crossover in Operando Analysis of Proton Exchange Membranes in Hydrogen−Bromate Flow Batteries." Membranes 12, no. 8 (2022): 815. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes12080815.

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The manuscript deals with the fundamental problem of platinum hydrogen oxidation catalyst poisoning of the hybrid chemical power source based on bromate electroreduction and hydrogen electro-oxidation reactions. The poisoning is caused by the crossover of bromine-containing species through the proton exchange membrane separating compartments of the flow cell. Poisoning results in a drastic decrease in the flow cell performance. This paper describes the results of the direct measurement of bromine-containing species’ crossover through perfluorosulfonic acid membranes of popular vendors in a hyd

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24

Prashanth, Kudige N., and Kanakapura Basavaiah. "Sensitive Spectrophotometric Determination of Atenolol in Pharmaceutical Formulations Using Bromate-Bromide Mixture as an Eco-Friendly Brominating Agent." Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry 2012 (2012): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/810156.

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Three simple and sensitive spectrophotometric methods are proposed for the determination of atenolol (ATN) in bulk drug and tablets. The methods are based on the bromination of ATN by the bromine generatedin situby the action of the acid on the bromate–bromide mixture followed by the determination of unreacted bromine by reacting with a fixed amount of either meta-cresol purple (MCP) and measuring the absorbance at 540 nm (method A) and 445 nm (method B) or erioglaucine (EGC) and measuring the absorbance at 630 nm (method C). Beer's law is valid within the concentration ranges of 1.0–20.0, 2.0

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25

Basavaiah, Kanakapura, Urdigere Kumar, and Kalsang Tharpa. "Bromatomatric assay of gatifloxacin in pharmaceuticals." Chemical Industry and Chemical Engineering Quarterly 14, no. 3 (2008): 185–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ciceq0803185b.

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Three new, simple, and cost-effective visible spectrophotometric methods are proposed for determination of gatifloxacin (GTF) using bromate-bromide mixture, and three dyes, methyl orange, indigocarmine and thymol blue, as reagents. The methods engross the addition of a known excess of bromate-bromide mixture to GTF in hydrochloric acid medium followed by determination of residual bromine by reacting with a fixed amount of either methyl orange and measuring the absorbance at 520 nm (method A) or indigo carmine and measuring the absorbance at 610 nm (method B) or thymol blue and measuring the ab

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26

Basavaiah, K., and U. R. Anil Kumar. "Sensitive Spectrophotometric Methods for the Determination of Gatifloxacin in Pharmaceuticals Using Bromate-Bromide, Methylene Blue and Rhodamine-B as Reagents." E-Journal of Chemistry 4, no. 2 (2007): 154–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2007/374837.

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Two new simple, precise, rapid and extraction-free spectrophotometric methods are proposed for the determination of gatifloxacin(GTF) using bromate-bromide mixture and two dyes, methylene blue and rhodamine B, as reagents. Spectrophotometric methods entail the addition of a known excess of bromate-bromide mixture to GTF in hydrochloric acid medium followed by determination of residual bromine by reacting with a fixed amount of either methylene blue and measuring the absorbance at 665 nm (Method A) or rhodamine B and measuring the absorbance at 555 nm (Method B). Beer᾽s law is obeyed in the ran

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27

Sander, R., J. Burrows, and L. Kaleschke. "Carbonate precipitation in brine – a potential trigger for tropospheric ozone depletion events." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 6, no. 12 (2006): 4653–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-6-4653-2006.

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Abstract. Tropospheric ozone depletion events (ODEs) at high latitudes were discovered 20 years ago and are attributed to bromine explosions. However, an unresolved issue is the explanation of how the acid-catalyzed reaction cycle is triggered in atmospheric particles derived from alkaline sea water. By simulating the chemistry occuring in polar regions over recently formed sea ice, we can model successfully the transformation of inert sea-salt bromide to reactive bromine monoxide (BrO) and the subsequent ODE when precipitation of calcium carbonate from freezing sea water is taken into account

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28

Mbiya, Wilbes, Risikat Adigun, Thai Tran, Yadana Htwe, and Reuben H. Simoyi. "Oxyhalogen–Sulfur Chemistry: Kinetics and Mechanism of Oxidation of Tiopronin by Acidified Bromate and Aqueous Bromine." Australian Journal of Chemistry 68, no. 2 (2015): 262. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch14126.

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N-2-(Mercaptopropionyl)glycine (MPG) is a free-radical scavenger, a detoxicating synthetic aminothiol which also acts as an antioxidant with a wide range of clinical applications. The oxidation of MPG by aqueous bromine and acidified bromate has been studied by spectrophotometric techniques. The stoichiometry for the reaction of acidic bromate with MPG is 1 : 1, HS(CH3)CH(=O)N(H)CH2COOH + BrO3– → HO3S(CH3)CH(=O)N(H)CH2COOH + Br–, with reaction occurring only at the thiol centre. The involvement of thiyl radicals in the oxidation of MPG competes with a non-radical pathway involving two-electron

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29

Basavaiah, K., and U. R. Anil Kumar. "New Sensitive Spectrophotometric Methods for the Determination of Raloxifene Hydrochloride in Pharmaceuticals Using Bromate-Bromide,Methyl Orange and Indigo Carmine." E-Journal of Chemistry 3, no. 4 (2006): 242–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2006/472186.

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Two new sensitive spectrophotometric methods are proposed for the determination of raloxifene hydrochloride (RLX) using bromate-bromide mixture and two dyes, methyl orange and indigocarmine, as reagents. The methods entail the addition of a known excess of bromate-bromide mixture to RLX in hydrochloric acid medium followed by determination of residual bromine by reacting with a fixed amount of either methyl orange and measuring the absorbance at 520 nm (Method A) or indigo carmine and measuring the absorbance at 610 nm (Method B). In both methods, the amount of bromine reacted corresponds to t

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30

CH., SANJEEVA REDDY, and V. SUNDARAM E. "Kinetics of Bromate—Oxalic Acid Reaction." Journal of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 64, Sep 1987 (1987): 543–46. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6219912.

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Department of Chemistry, Kakatiya University, Warangal-506 009 <em>Manuscript received 17 June 1986, revised 11 May 1987, accepted 11 August 1987</em> The oxidation of oxalic acid by Br(v) in acid medium unmixed by any competing or faster oxidation by any generated molecular bromine is studied in the presence of mercury(II), a bromo-complex forming metal ion, and reported. The<em> </em>reaction follows the rate law,   (-d[Br(v)]/dt (v)Pdt)-<em>{kK</em><sub>8</sub><em>K</em><sub>10</sub><em>+kK</em><sub>11</sub><em>K</em><sub>8</sub><em>K</em><sub>9</sub><em>K</em><sub>αl</sub>}

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31

Echigo, S., S. Itoh, T. Natsui, T. Araki, and R. Ando. "Contribution of brominated organic disinfection by-products to the mutagenicity of drinking water." Water Science and Technology 50, no. 5 (2004): 321–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2004.0344.

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The activity inducing chromosomal aberrations of the mixture of brominated disinfection by-products (DBPs) was approximately three times higher than that of the chlorinated counterparts for the same hypohalous acid dose. With the combination of chromosomal aberration test and a new analytical technique to differentiate total organic chlorine (TOCl) and total organic bromine (TOBr), it was found that TOBr was correlated to the mutagenicity of chlorinated waters. It was also implied that for a bromide-to-TOC ratio of 0.1 (mg/mg C), brominated DBPs could account for at least 29% of the total toxi

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Liu, Hui, Tong Tong, Yingying Pu, Bing Sun, Xiaomei Zhu, and Zhiyu Yan. "Insight Into the Formation Paths of Methyl Bromide From Syringic Acid in Aqueous Bromide Solutions Under Simulated Sunlight Irradiation." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 6 (2020): 2081. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17062081.

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Methyl bromide (CH3Br) is one of the largest natural sources of bromine in the stratosphere, where it leads to ozone depletion. This paper reported the photochemical production of CH3Br from syringic acid (SA) that has been used as an environmentally relevant model compound for terrestrially-derived dissolved organic matter. The formation of CH3Br increased with the increase of bromide ion concentration ranging from 0.8 to 80 mmol L−1. Ferric ions (Fe(III)) enhanced CH3Br production, while chloride inhibited it, with or without Fe(III). Meanwhile, methyl chloride (CH3Cl) was generated in the p

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33

Plotnikova, R. N. "Kinetic aspects of bromination of a phthalate-type plasticizer." Proceedings of the Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies 84, no. 1 (2021): 226–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.20914/2310-1202-2022-1-226-231.

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The main characteristics of a complex system of unsaturated plasticizer-bromine using the main "working components" - isomers of 2-ethylhexyl-2-ethylhexene phthalate are considered. It is taken into account that the phthalate-type ester plasticizer is a polar compound with a dipole moment at the level of dioctyl phthalate included in its composition. It has been shown that in the process of bromination, molecular bromine enters into physical interaction with all components of the plasticizer. Dosed introduction of bromine into the system at high stirring speeds leads to the formation of a homo

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Hamer, P. D., V. Marécal, R. Hossaini, et al. "Modelling the chemistry and transport of bromoform within a sea breeze driven convective system during the SHIVA Campaign." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 13, no. 8 (2013): 20611–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-13-20611-2013.

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Abstract. We carry out a case study of the transport and chemistry of bromoform and its product gases (PGs) in a sea breeze driven convective episode on 19 November 2011 along the North West coast of Borneo during the "Stratospheric ozone: Halogen Impacts in a Varying Atmosphere" (SHIVA) campaign. We use ground based, ship, aircraft and balloon sonde observations made during the campaign, and a 3-D regional online transport and chemistry model capable of resolving clouds and convection explicitly that includes detailed bromine chemistry. The model simulates the temperature, wind speed, wind di

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35

Ševčík, Peter, and Ľubica Adamčíková. "Kinetics of component reactions of the Belousov-Zhabotinskii type oscillation system with oxalic acid and hypophosphite ions." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 52, no. 9 (1987): 2125–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19872125.

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The authors studied the kinetics of oxidation of oxalic acid and hypophosphite ions with bromate ions, aqueous solution of bromine, and Mn(III) ions in the medium of aqueous sulphuric and perchloric acids. The kinetics of these two-component reactions of the Belousov-Zhabotinskii type oscillation system was considerably influenced by the addition of a third component.

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Prashanth, Nagaraj, Kanakapura Basavaiah, Sameer Abdulrahman, Nagaraju Rajendraprasad, and Basavaiah Vinay. "Application of bromate-bromide mixture as a green brominating agent for the spectrophotometric determination of atenolol in pharmaceuticals." Chemical Industry and Chemical Engineering Quarterly 18, no. 1 (2012): 43–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ciceq110721045p.

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Two highly sensitive spectrophotometric methods are proposed for the quantification of atenolol (ATN) in pure drug as well as in pharmaceutical formulations. The methods are based on the bromination reaction of ATN with a known excess of bromate-bromide mixture in acid medium followed by the determination of unreacted bromine. The residual bromine is determined by its reaction with excess iodide and the liberated iodine (I3?) is either measured at 360 nm (method A) or reacted with starch followed by the measurement of the starch-iodine chromogen at 570 nm (method B). Under the optimum conditio

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Carballeira, Néstor M., Denisse Alequín, Leilani M. Lotti Diaz, et al. "Synthesis of a novel brominated vinylic fatty acid with antileishmanial activity that effectively inhibits the Leishmania topoisomerase IB enzyme mediated by halogen bond formation." Pure and Applied Chemistry 91, no. 8 (2019): 1405–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-1113.

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AbstractMany marine derived fatty acids, mainly from sponges, possess vinylic halogenated moieties (bromine or iodine) but their assessment as antileishmanial candidates remains elusive. In this work, we undertook the first total synthesis of a novel series of 2-allyl-3-halo-2-nonadecenoic acids, which preferentially inhibit theLeishmaniaDNA topoisomerase IB enzyme (LTopIB) over the human topoisomerase IB enzyme (hTopIB). The synthesis of 2-allyl-3-bromo-2E-nonadecenoic acid (1a) and 2-allyl-3-chloro-2E-nonadecenoic acid (2a) was achieved through a palladium catalyzed haloallylation of 2-nonad

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Adamčíková, Ľubica, and Irena Halinárová. "Kinetics of redox reaction of lactic acid with bromate ions, and Belousov-Zhabotinskii oscillator with lactic acid." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 50, no. 7 (1985): 1588–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19851588.

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The kinetics and mechanism of the redox reaction of bromate ions with lactic acid was studied in the medium of sulphuric acid. The reaction is of first order with respect to both reactants. The dependence of the measured rate constant on the concentration of hydrogen ions was analysed and the activation parameters of the reaction were determined. Based on the experimental kinetic data, the probable mechanism is discussed. Oscillations of bromine and catalyst are observed in the system KBrO3-CH3CHOHCOOH-H2SO4-MnSO4 if the solution is bubbled with nitrogen. The dependence of the induction period

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Chipiso, Kudzanai, and Reuben H. Simoyi. "Kinetics and Mechanism of Oxidation of d-Penicillamine in Acidified Bromate and Aqueous Bromine." Australian Journal of Chemistry 69, no. 11 (2016): 1305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch16050.

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The oxidation of the biologically active compound d-penicillamine (Depen) by acidic bromate has been studied. The stoichiometry of the reaction is strictly 1 : 1, in which Depen is oxidized only as far as the sulfonic acid with no cleavage of the C–S bond to yield sulfate. Electrospray ionization spectroscopy shows that Depen is oxidized through addition of oxygen atoms on the sulfur centre to successively yield sulfenic and sulfinic acids before the product sulfonic acid. In conditions of excess Depen over the oxidant, sulfenic acid was not observed. Instead, nearly quantitative formation of

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Konev, Dmitry V., Pavel A. Zader, and Mikhail A. Vorotyntsev. "Evolution of the Bromate Electrolyte Composition in the Course of Its Electroreduction inside a Membrane–Electrode Assembly with a Proton-Exchange Membrane." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 20 (2023): 15297. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms242015297.

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The passage of cathodic current through the acidized aqueous bromate solution (catholyte) leads to a negative shift of the average oxidation degree of Br atoms. It means a distribution of Br-containing species in various oxidation states between −1 and +5, which are mutually transformed via numerous protonation/deprotonation, chemical, and redox/electrochemical steps. This process is also accompanied by the change in the proton (H+) concentration, both due to the participation of H+ ions in these steps and due to the H+ flux through the cation-exchange membrane separating the cathodic and anod

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Xiao, Hui, and Rui Hai Li. "Study on Synthesis of a Ampholytic Polyphenylene Sulfide (PPS)." Advanced Materials Research 550-553 (July 2012): 757–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.550-553.757.

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Ampholytic Polyphenylene Sulfide (PPS) was prepared from PPS by sulfonation, followed by bromination and then the substitution of bromine by quaternary ammonium group and tertiary amine group.The structure and properties of polymers were characterized by FT-IR, TGA, UV and isoelectric point(IEP) measurement. The degree of sulfonation and the content of bromide were investigated by acid base titration and Mohr Method respectively. The results indicated that 47.6% sulfonation degree at 4h, 105°C and a 15ml/g ratio of oluem and PPS, 35.25% content of bromide at 4h, 40°C and 4% FeCl3. Bromine is c

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Pesek, Joseph J., Sabrina M. Ronen, and Armando Alcaraz. "The Study of Ternary Metal-Protein-Ligand Complexes Using Bromine-81 Magnetic Resonance." Applied Spectroscopy 41, no. 5 (1987): 865–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702874448238.

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Bromine-81 magnetic resonance is used to detect the formation of ternary metal-protein-ligand complexes. Mercury is the metal; EDTA and lysine are the ligands; and acid phosphatase, α-chymotrypsinogen, and peroxidase are the proteins which are studied. The halide-ion probe method permits the determinations of the local correlation time and the bromide-ion exchange rate at the metal binding site. The local correlation time becomes longer as additional mass in the form of the ligand is added to the protein segment containing the metal binding site. The bromide-ion exchange rate increases upon fo

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Moriyama, Katsuhiko, Chihiro Nishinohara, and Hideo Togo. "Magnesium Lewis Acid Assisted Oxidative Bromoetherification Involving Bromine Transfer from Alkyl Bromides with Aldehydes by Umpolung of Bromide." Chemistry - A European Journal 22, no. 34 (2016): 11934–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chem.201602055.

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44

Hirata-Miyasaki, Arturo, and Corby G. Anderson. "Effect of Lead in Antimony and Tin Dissolution from Recycled Lead–Acid Battery Dross in Hydrobromic Acid Solution." Metals 15, no. 4 (2025): 356. https://doi.org/10.3390/met15040356.

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Demand and prices for antimony have increased over the last few years. Recycling supplied 15% of domestic consumption in the US, while the remaining 85% was imported. Hydrometallurgical processes have long used alkaline sulfide systems and hydrochloric acid, closing doors on new approaches. Bromine compounds have been recently used to recover PGMs and REEs successfully; thus, antimony leaching with bromine compounds is theoretically feasible. This research was conducted to develop a viable technology for hydrobromic acid between 50 °C and 70 °C as a leaching reagent on dross through single- an

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45

Kumar, Ranjan, and Ajendra Kumar. "Experimental Research of Kinetics Reaction of Alcohol NCSA in Water Acetic Acid." Journal of Advances and Scholarly Researches in Allied Education 22, no. 01 (2025): 613–17. https://doi.org/10.29070/aqmwga57.

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A study was analyzed “Experimental research of kinetics reaction of alcohol NCSA in water acetic acid.” The experimental research been examined by kinetic coordination by the second bromine molecule with the complex appears to be necessary for the removal of Br - ion from the complex as Br3- ion. In the halogen-addition to olefins in acetic acid reaction on CH₂=CHCH₂C1, CH₂=CHOH₂CH, and CH₂=CHBr. In the addition-reactions, the effect of added salts is to stretch the Br-Br2 bond in the transition state intermediate on Robertson et.al., found, from their kinetic study of Bromine and add to vario

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Gratzel, M., and M. Halmann. "Photosensitized oxidation of bromide to bromine with phthalic acid derivatives in aqueous solutions." Solar Energy Materials 20, no. 1-2 (1990): 117–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-1633(90)90023-t.

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47

Paramonov, V. V., O. V. Novikova, and V. G. Kosushkin. "The effect chemical treatment of the substrate cadmium telluride on the quality of epitaxial structures." Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii. Materialy Elektronnoi Tekhniki = Materials of Electronics Engineering 21, no. 1 (2019): 43–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/1609-3577-2018-1-43-47.

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The etching of wafers of cadmium telluride in aqueous and nonaqueous solutions before the epitaxial process of building structures CdxHg1-xTe and its influence on the surface quality of epitaxial layers. As the etchants investigated 2—20 % solution of bromine in isobutyl alcohol, 5 % solution of bromine in methanol, dimethylsulfoxide, ethylene glycol, solutions of bromine in hydrobromic acid and mixed with glycerin, a saturated solution of potassium dichromate in sulfuric acid. The speed of etching was varied from 0.2 to 9 µm/min. Polishing Set nature of the etching substrate of cadmium tellur

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48

Hoelz, Lucas V. B. "Tribromoisocyanuric Acid (TBCA)." Australian Journal of Chemistry 63, no. 8 (2010): 1307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch10150.

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This paper provides a description of tribromoisocyanuric acid (TBCA), a new reagent used as a source of electrophilic bromine (Br+) in organic synthesis, including in Green Chemistry procedures. Its applications embrace the bromination of alkenes, β-dicarbonyl compounds and deactivated arenes, as well as oxidations of urazoles, bisurazoles, and thiols.

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Lengyel, Istvan, Istvan Nagy, and Gyorgy Bazsa. "Kinetic study of the autocatalytic nitric acid-bromide reaction and its reverse, the nitrous acid-bromine reaction." Journal of Physical Chemistry 93, no. 7 (1989): 2801–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100344a021.

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Valent, Ivan, and Ľubica Adamčíková. "Reduction kinetics of bromate with thiocyanate and dynamics of the closed system BrO3-/SCN-/HClO4." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 56, no. 8 (1991): 1565–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19911565.

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The reduction kinetics of bromate ions with thiocyanate was studied polarographically and the dynamics of the BrO3-/SCN- system was studied spectrophotometrically in the medium of perchloric acid in both cases. The reduction in the presence of an at least ten-fold excess of SCN- ions is governed by the kinetics equation – d[Br(V)]/dt = a[Br(V)][SCN-][H+]2/(1 + b[SCN-]), where a = 19.2 ± 0.9 mol-3 dm9, b = 4.4 ± 0.5 mol-l dm3 at 20°C. A mechanism was proposed, based on the transfer of oxygen atom from HBrO3 to SCN- ion. The dynamic system BrO3-/SCN-/HClO4 is non-monotonous in character. Accordi

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