Academic literature on the topic 'Bronchodilators agents'
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Journal articles on the topic "Bronchodilators agents"
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Abukwaik, Aya Wail, Rupal Mansukhani, and Mary Barna Bridgeman. "Long-Acting Bronchodilator Use in the Management of Stable COPD." Annals of Pharmacotherapy 52, no. 6 (2017): 562–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1060028017746697.
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Objective: To review the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), with a focus on updated information regarding the use of long-acting bronchodilators in the prevention of exacerbations and outcomes associated with this disease. Data Sources: A literature search of the MEDLINE databases through November 2017 was conducted. All published articles regarding use of bronchodilator therapy in the management of COPD were evaluated. References of selected articles, data from poster presentations, and abstract publications were additionally reviewed. Study Selection and Data Extraction: Available English-language data from reviews, abstracts, presentations, and clinical trials of the treatment of stable COPD with bronchodilator therapy in humans were reviewed; relevant clinical data were selected and included. Data Synthesis: COPD is a prevalent medical condition worldwide that results in functional impairment, and worsened quality of life and overall health status. Numerous treatment options are available; the rationale for the optimal agents to utilize in a particular patient case is dependent on a multitude of patient-specific factors and severity of disease. In this review, a discussion of the role of long-acting bronchodilators, including long-acting β agonists and long-acting muscarinic antagonists will be explored. Additionally, an update on the roles of novel delivery devices for delivering respiratory medications in this medical condition will be described. Conclusion: Although numerous treatment options are available, management of COPD remains a clinical challenge. Long-acting bronchodilators represent a significant class of medications that have the potential to reduce exacerbations and related hospitalizations and improve overall health outcomes.
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Choi, Hayoung, Hyun Lee, Seung Won Ra, and Yeon-Mok Oh. "Update on pharmacotherapy for adult bronchiectasis." Journal of the Korean Medical Association 63, no. 8 (2020): 486–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5124/jkma.2020.63.8.486.
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Bronchiectasis refers to abnormal dilatation of the bronchi, which leads to the failure of mucus clearance and increased risk of infection. Pharmacotherapy for stable bronchiectasis includes oral or inhaled mucoactive agents, anti-inflammatory therapy, inhaled bronchodilators, long-term antibiotics, and long-term macrolide treatment. Among them, mucoactive agents are the most common adjunctive agents to airway clearance techniques. When patients with impaired lung function suffer from dyspnea, inhaled bronchodilators may be prescribed to relieve the symptom. Long-term macrolide treatment has been proven to prevent exacerbation in patients with frequent bronchiectasis exacerbation. If exacerbation occurs despite the above mentioned treatments, one or two weeks of antibiotics should be prescribed to cover respiratory bacteria that include <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>. Because evidence supporting the use of pharmacotherapy for bronchiectasis is weak, further research is warranted.
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Somand, Heather, and Tami L. Remington. "Tiotropium: A Bronchodilator for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease." Annals of Pharmacotherapy 39, no. 9 (2005): 1467–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1345/aph.1e469.
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OBJECTIVE: To review the scientific literature evaluating the efficacy and tolerability of tiotropium bromide, a new bronchodilator indicated for treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). DATA SOURCES: Articles were identified through searches of MEDLINE (1966–January 2005) using the key words tiotropium, BA 679 BR, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and anticholinergic agents. Additional citations were identified from bibliographies of publications cited. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION: Experimental and observational studies of tiotropium bromide were selected. Trials of the efficacy of the drug in humans were the focus of the review. DATA SYNTHESIS: Tiotropium bromide is an effective bronchodilator for patients with COPD. It produces clinically important improvements in lung function, symptoms of dyspnea, quality of life, and exacerbation rates compared with placebo. In comparative studies, tiotropium does not appear to be more efficacious than salmeterol or ipratropium. CONCLUSIONS: Tiotropium is an effective inhaled anticholinergic agent that is recommended among preferred long-acting bronchodilators for the chronic management of moderate to very severe COPD. Although similar to ipratropium in efficacy and tolerability, it has the advantage of once-daily dosing.
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Beauchesne, Marie-France. "Management of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Review." Journal of Pharmacy Practice 14, no. 2 (2001): 126–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1106/777c-kd4j-ym5x-xw1m.
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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) affects about 14 million persons in the United States and is the only common cause of death that is increasing in incidence. Chronic management of this disorder includes nonpharmacologic interventions such as smoking cessation, immunization, nutritional support, and pulmonary rehabilitation. The pharmacotherapy of COPD is based on regular administration of bronchodilators, when symptoms are persistent. Long-acting bronchodilators have been shown to improve quality of life in patients with COPD. Ipratropium remains the anticholinergic of choice, but more specific agents with a longer duration of action should become available. Four recent large clinical trials on the use of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) have been published. The results demonstrate that ICS do not alter the decline in lung function in patients with COPD. Patients with more severe COPD and frequent exacerbations may have a better quality of life and a reduced rate of exacerbations with ICS. Management of acute exacerbations involves three major pharmacologic treatment modalities: antibiotics, short-acting bronchodilators, and systemic steroids. Recent data shows the benefits of systemic corticosteroids in the management of acute exacerbations.
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Yakubova, Z. N. "Corrigibility of respiratory mechanics in patients with pre-asthma and bronchial asthma." Kazan medical journal 67, no. 1 (1986): 19–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kazmj62899.
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Respiratory mechanics on a pneumotachograph was studied in 30 patients with preasthma, proceeding against a background of chronic bronchitis, and in 35 patients with bronchial asthma of medium severity (according to classification of A.D. Ado and P.K. Bulatov, 1969). Complex therapy included anti-inflammatory, desensitizing drugs and agents improving bronchial drainage function - bronchodilators.
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Gustafsson, B., and C. G. Persson. "Effect of different bronchodilators on airway smooth muscle responsiveness to contractile agents." Thorax 46, no. 5 (1991): 360–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/thx.46.5.360.
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Cheng, Shih-Lung. "Comparison of Effectiveness Using Different Dual Bronchodilator Agents in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Treatment." Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 12 (2021): 2649. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10122649.
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The effectiveness and safety of fixed dual long-acting bronchodilators for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients have been well established; however, there is a paucity of clinical effectiveness comparison in patients with COPD treatment. The aim of the current study was to compare the effectiveness of three once-daily dual bronchodilator agents in patients with COPD. Patients with diagnosed COPD and treated with a long-acting beta-agonist (LABA) + long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA) fixed-dose combination therapy (UME/VIL (umeclidinium and vilanterol inhalation powder), IND/GLY (indacaterol and glycopyrronium), and TIO/OLO (tiotropium and olodaterol)) were enrolled in this retrospective study over a period of 12 months. Effectiveness assessments were evaluated using a COPD assessment test (CAT) and lung function parameters. Besides, times for acute exacerbation were also assessed. The enrolled patients’ number was 177 in IND/GLY, 176 in UME/VIL and 183 in TIO/OLO. Lung function measurements with FEV1 had significantly improved for patients using TIO/OLO (98.7 mL) compared to those of IND/GLY (65.2 mL) and UME/VIL (64.4 mL) (p < 0.001). CAT scores were also significantly decreased in patients treated with TIO/OLO (CAT down 5.6) than those with IND/GLY (3.8) and UME/VIL (3.9) (p = 0.03). Acute exacerbation was also reduced in patients using TIO/OLO (4.9%) compared with those using IND/GLY (10.2%) and UME/VIL (11.9%) (p = 0.01). Significant improvement in pulmonary function, symptoms were demonstrated after 12 months of LABA/LAMA fixed-dose combination therapy with three different treatment options. TIO/OLO demonstrated higher therapeutic effects compared with UME/VIL or IND/GLY. Determining clinical relevance will require a well-designed randomized controlled trial.
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&NA;. "Episodes of acute severe asthma require aggressive treatment with bronchodilators, corticosteroids and other agents." Drugs & Therapy Perspectives 26, no. 8 (2010): 9–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/11205320-000000000-00000.
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Hayallah, Alaa K. M., Ahmad A. Talhouni, and Abdel Alim M. Abdel Alim. "Design and synthesis of new 8-anilide theophylline derivatives as bronchodilators and antibacterial agents." Archives of Pharmacal Research 35, no. 8 (2012): 1355–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12272-012-0805-4.
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Bailey, James, and Mark Bowen. "Embracing the Cascade part 3: clinical decision making in equine asthma." UK-Vet Equine 4, no. 1 (2020): 19–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/ukve.2020.4.1.19.
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Equine asthma is the current terminology that covers chronic non-infectious lower airway disorders in the horse. Mild and moderate equine asthma reflect the syndrome previously referred to as inflammatory airway disease, while severe asthma reflects both recurrent airway obstruction and summer pasture-associated obstructive airway disease. Corticosteroids are the most important therapeutic agents for the management of horses with all severities of equine asthma. Prednisolone and dexamethasone products are authorised for use in horses and can be used for the management of asthma. Inhaled corticosteroids have the potential advantages of reduced systemic effects and reduced detection times in competition animals. ‘Special’ (extemporaneous) formulations of oral dexamethasone may be valuable in horses with severe asthma. A range of bronchodilator therapies can be used for the management of severe asthma; although the clinical efficacy of systemic bronchodilators still lacks a robust evidence base, they may have a particular role in ‘rescue-therapy’ and in acute exacerbations. The evidence for the use of mucolytic agents is limited and excessive mucus production should resolve with improvements in airway inflammation. Inhaled saline and inhaled acetylcysteine may provide useful improvements in mucus secretion without any effects on competition horses. Mast cell stabilisers may have a role in the management of mild equine asthma, although they have a limited evidence base for their use. The use of the prescribing cascade provides access to a range of medications that are useful in the management of equine asthma.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Bronchodilators agents"
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Wilchesky, Machelle 1965. "Arrhythmia risk associated with the use of bronchodilators in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease : cohort studies and methodological issues." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=115713.
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Whereas first line therapy for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) usually includes a short-acting bronchodilator, there are suggestions that these agents may increase the risk of cardiac arrhythmias. In this thesis, we first assessed the risks associated with short-acting beta-agonists (SABA), long-acting beta-agonists (LABA), ipratropium bromide (IB), and methyl xanthines (MX) within a cohort of COPD patients using the health databases of Saskatchewan. In order to confirm these findings and to address some methodological issues we then replicated this analysis within a larger cohort of patients using the health databases of Quebec.<br>Our first study cohort consisted of 6,018 adults aged 55 and older, newly treated with bronchodilator medications. We found that new users of both IB and LABA increased the risk of arrhythmia (RR 2.39 [95% CI 1.42-4.05] and (RR 4.55 [95% CI 1.43-14.45] respectively). When the cohort was restricted by excluding subjects who had recently either been hospitalised or experienced an exacerbation, the elevated risk associated with the new use of IB persisted (RR 3.65 [95% CI 1.72-7.74]), an effect was detected with new use of MX (RR 5.17 [95% CI 1.38-19.30]), but there was insufficient power to detect an effect associated with the new use of LABA.<br>Due to both power issues and the limited availability of LABA within the Saskatchewan data, we replicated the analysis in a larger new-user cohort of 76,661 Quebec adults aged 67 and over. This study confirmed our earlier results, with an elevated risk of arrhythmia associated with the new use of both IB and LABA (RR 1.43 [95% CI 1.08-1.88]) and (RR 1.54 [95% CI 1.00-2.36]) respectively, as well as with new use of SABA (RR 1.28 [95% CI 1.02-1.61]). Finally, using marginal structural models, we demonstrated that both exacerbations of COPD as well as minor non-event arrhythmias were moderate time-dependent confounders within this setting.<br>In conclusion, we found that new use of bronchodilators in COPD, particularly IB and LABA, was associated with an increase in the risk of cardiac arrhythmias. We also demonstrated the method by which the time-dependent confounder status of specific model covariates may be evaluated.
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Naves, Kattia Cristina. "Análise crítica do tratamento instituído a crianças com infecção por vírus sincicial respiratório em um hospital público." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5141/tde-14082018-102623/.
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Introdução: A bronquiolite aguda é a principal causa de internação de lactentes menores de um ano de idade e tem como principal agente etiológico o vírus sincicial respiratório. As principais diretrizes baseadas em evidências recomendam o tratamento de suporte com hidratação e oxigenoterapia, quando necessário e não indicam o uso rotineiro de corticosteroides, broncodilatadores e antibióticos. No entanto, estudos anteriores mostraram que o uso inadvertido dessas medicações é frequente na prática clínica. Objetivo: Analisar o tratamento aplicado a lactentes com bronquiolite viral aguda em um hospital público e compará-lo a diretrizes nacionais e internacionais. Casuística e métodos: Foi realizado um estudo observacional, transversal, descritivo e analítico que incluiu crianças menores de 2 anos, internadas no Hospital do Servidor Público Estadual durante dois anos (2012 - 2014), com primeiro episódio de sibilância e que tiveram coletado aspirado de nasofaringe, para pesquisa de vírus sincicial respiratório na admissão. Foram excluídos os lactentes com fatores de risco conhecidos para desenvolver doença grave. As informações foram coletadas dos prontuários e por contato telefônico com os responsáveis. Resultados: Dentre os 129 pacientes com resultado positivo para a pesquisa do vírus sincicial respiratório, 7 foram excluídos por apresentarem alguma comorbidade ou fator de risco prognóstico e 2 não tiveram o seus prontuários encontrados. A idade média, dos 120 estudados, foi de 6,8 meses e 51,6% foram do sexo feminino. Broncodilatadores, corticosteroides, antibióticos e inalação com solução salina hipertônica foram prescritos, durante a internação, a 90%, 72,5%, 40% e 66,7% dos casos, respectivamente. O uso dessas medicações foi excessivo e não compatível com as diretrizes, exceto o uso de solução salina hipertônica inalatória que esteve em acordo com a recomendação da Sociedade Brasileira de Pediatria. Após ajuste para confundidores, a chance de prescrição de antibióticos foi menor em menores de 3 meses (OR=0,21, p= 0,007) e também associada à presença de febre na admissão (OR=3, p = 0,013) e maior tempo de internação (OR=2,53, p= 0,003). A introdução de oxigênio suplementar apresentou associação com maior tempo de internação (OR=12,9, p < 0,001). Os lactentes com idade abaixo de 3 meses tiveram menor chance de prescrição de corticosteroides (OR=0,67, p < 0,001) que também foi associada à saturação menor que 95% no momento da admissão (OR=3,17, p= 0,037) e ao maior tempo de internação. O uso de solução salina hipertônica também foi associado ao maior tempo de internação (OR=3,07, p < 0,001). Conclusão: Em lactentes hospitalizados em um hospital público, o uso de antibióticos, corticosteroides e broncodilatadores para tratamento da bronquiolite aguda foi elevado. Essas condutas não seguiram as recomendações das principais diretrizes nacionais e internacionais. O uso de solução salina hipertônica inalatória seguiu a diretriz da Sociedade Brasileira de Pediatria<br>Background: Acute bronchiolitis is the main cause of hospitalization of infants under one year of age and has respiratory syncytial virus as the main etiological agent. The main evidence-based guidelines recommend hydration and oxygen therapy support when necessary and do not indicate the routine use of corticosteroids, bronchodilators and antibiotics. However, previous studies have shown that inadvertent use of these medications is common in clinical practice. Objective: To analyze the treatment of infants with acute viral bronchiolitis in a public hospital and to compare it with national and international guidelines. Patients and methods: An observational, transversal, descriptive and analytical study was carried out, including children under 2 years of age, hospitalized between two years (2012 - 2014), with first episode of wheezing and nasopharyngeal test for respiratory syncytial virus on admission. Infants with known risk factors for developing severe disease were excluded. The information was collected from the medical records and by telephone contact with those parents. Result: Of the 129 patients with a positive test for respiratory syncytial virus, 7 were excluded because they presented some comorbidity or a prognostic risk factor, and 2 did not have their charts found. The mean age of the 120 studied was 6.8 months and 51.6% were female. Bronchodilators, corticosteroids, antibiotics and nebulised hypertonic saline were prescribed, during hospitalization, at 90%, 72.5%, 40% and 66.7% of the cases, respectively. The use of these medications was excessive and not compatible with the guidelines, except the use of nebulised hypertonic saline that was in agreement with the recommendation of the Brazilian Society of Pediatrics. After adjusting for confounders, the chance of antibiotic prescription was lower in children younger than 3 months (OR = 0.21, p = 0.007) and also associated with the presence of fever at admission (OR = 3, p = 0.013) and a longer stay (OR = 2.53, p = 0.003). The introduction of supplemental oxygen showed an association with longer hospitalization (OR = 12.9, p < 0.001). Infants less than 3 months of age had a lower chance of prescribing corticosteroids (OR = 0.67, p < 0.001), which was also associated with a saturation of less than 95% on admission (OR = 3.17, p = 0.037 ) and longer hospitalization time. The use of nebulised hypertonic saline was also associated with longer length of stay (OR = 3.07, p < 0.001). Conclusion: In infants hospitalized in a public hospital, the use of antibiotics, corticosteroids and bronchodilators to treat acute bronchiolitis was high. These conducts did not follow the recommendations of the main national and international guidelines. The use of nebulised hypertonic saline followed the guideline of the Brazilian Society of Pediatrics
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Melfi, James. "A descriptive study of beta2-agonist use in asthma patients based on a nationally representative sample /." View online ; access limited to URI, 2005. http://0-wwwlib.umi.com.helin.uri.edu/dissertations/dlnow/3188067.
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Riley, Sean P. "Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction: mechanisms, evaluation, and treatment /." View abstract, 2000. http://library.ctstateu.edu/ccsu%5Ftheses/1610.html.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Central Connecticut State University, 2000.<br>Thesis advisor: Ruth Rollin. " ... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Biological Science[s]." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 76-80).
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Falls, Richard Drew. "SUBJECTIVE AND OBJECTIVE RESPONSES TO VARIED DOSES OF AN INHALED BRONCHODILATOR (ALBUTEROL)." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/275382.
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Scott, Mark George Hunter. "Control of cyclic AMP-mediated and ß₂ adrenergic receptor gene expression in cultured human airway smooth muscle cells." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.324123.
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Vasconcelos, Thiago Brasileiro de. "Efeitos antiespasmÃdico e miorrelaxante do β-citronelol em mÃsculo liso traqueal de ratos: potencial aÃÃo na hiperreatividade apÃs desafio antigÃnico e elucidaÃÃo do mecanismo de aÃÃo." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2013. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=11503.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico<br>O β-citronelol à um Ãlcool monoterpÃnico de ocorrÃncia natural em vÃrios Ãleos essenciais como o Ãleo de citronela (obtido de Cymbopogon winterianus), de ampla utilizaÃÃo popular por suas propriedades repelentes de insetos. Recentemente, a esta molÃcula tem sido atribuÃdas outras propriedades que envolvem atividade antibacteriana, antifÃngica, antiespasmÃdica, hipotensora e vasorrelaxante. Sendo assim, objetivamos estudar suas possÃveis aÃÃes no comportamento motor do mÃsculo liso do sistema respiratÃrio de ratos Wistar. Os animais considerados nesse estudo foram divididos em 04 grupos: controle, sensibilizado, desafiado e tratado, em seguida, registros isomÃtricos, in vitro, foram obtidos a partir de anÃis isolados de traqueia. A inalaÃÃo de β-citronelol (300 ÂM) preveniu a hiperreatividade traqueal mediante a adiÃÃo de K+ ou ACh em animais submetidos a um modelo de asma, no entanto, a adiÃÃo cumulativa de β-citronelol (10 a 1000 ÂM), na cuba para ÃrgÃos isolados, nÃo produziu alteraÃÃo significativa das preparaÃÃes mantidas sob tÃnus basal. Em preparaÃÃes de traqueia mantidas contraÃdas, a adiÃÃo de β-citronelol relaxou total e significativamente (p < 0,001; Two-Way ANOVA, seguido do teste Holm-Sidak) os anÃis de traqueia, com CI50 de 120,44 [73,29 - 197,91] ÂM para o K+ e 211,10 [114,13 â 390,46] ÂM para a ACh, e esse efeito nÃo foi alterado (p > 0,05; Teste de Mann-Whitney) apÃs o tratamento com Propranolol, L-NAME, TEA, Azul de Metileno, Ortovanadato de SÃdio, Capsazepina, Indometacina e A-967079. Em experimentos realizados com a remoÃÃo do Ca2+ e contendo EGTA, o β-citronelol inibiu a contraÃÃo mediante a entrada de Ca2+ preferencialmente em canais VOC, mas em altas concentraÃÃes, pÃde atuar tambÃm nos canais ROC e SOC, esse efeito foi mais pronunciado (p < 0,001; Two-Way ANOVA, seguido do teste Holm-Sidak) na contraÃÃo promovida pela adiÃÃo de Ba2+, demonstrando uma maior especificidade em atuar nos canais de Ca2+ operados por voltagem do tipo L. O β-citronelol tambÃm foi capaz de diminuir a contraÃÃo induzida pela estimulaÃÃo elÃtrica. Esses resultados demonstram que o β-citronelol caracteriza-se como uma substÃncia antiespasmÃdica e miorrelaxante do mÃsculo liso respiratÃrio, e esse efeito està parcialmente relacionado à sua capacidade de reduzir principalmente o acoplamento eletromecÃnico.<br>The β-citronellol is an alcoholic monoterpene of natural occurrence that is found in several essential oils, including the citronella oil (obtained from Cymbopogon winterianus). In general, it is widely used as insect repellent. Recently this molecule has been studied as antibacterial, antifungal, antispasmodic, hypotensive and vasorelaxant agent. We aimed to study the effects of β-citronellol on smooth muscle contractility of rat airways. The animals were divided in four groups namely Control, Sensitized, Challenged and Treated. Isometric recordings were obtained from isolated preparations from tracheal tissues cut as rings. Inhalation of β-citronellol (300 ÂM) before antigen (ovalbumin, OVA) challenge prevented development of tracheal hyperreactivity in response to K+ or ACh in tissues of OVA-sensitized animals. In vitro, the cumulative addition of β-citronellol (10 to 1000 ÂM) did not change basal tone in tracheal smooth muscle preparations. In tracheal rings pre-contracted with K+ or acetylcholine (ACh), the addition of β-citronellol fully relaxed (p < 0.001, Two-Way ANOVA, Holm-Sidak) tracheal rings with IC50 values of 120.44 [73.29 â 197.91] ÂM for K+ and 211.10 [114.13 - 390.46] ÂM for ACh. The relaxing effect of β-citronellol was not altered (p > 0.05, Mann-Whitney test) after treatment with propranolol, N (G)-nitro-L- arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), tetraethylammonium (TEA), methylene blue, sodium orthovanadate, capsazepine, indomethacin and A-967079. Experiments performed in Ca2+ depleted medium containing EGTA revealed that low concentrations of β-citronellol preferentially inhibited contractions induced by recruiting Ca2+ influx via voltage-operated channels (VOC), although at higher concentrations it could also inhibit either on contractions evocked with receptor-operated (ROC) or store-operated (SOC) pathways. Such effect was supported by the more pronounced inhibitory effects of β-citronellol (p < 0.001, Two-Way ANOVA, Holm-Sidak) against contractions promoted in tracheal tissues maintained in Ba2+-containing medium. β-Citronellol also decreased the contractions induced by electrical field stimulation. These results suggest that β-citronellol has antispasmodic and myorelaxant properties on airway smooth muscle, which could be partly related to its ability in inhibiting the electromechanical coupling.
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Hall, Jill S. "Development of an in vitro method to help predict in vivo behavior of controlled release products." View electronic thesis (PDF), 2009. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2009-2/hallj/jillhall.pdf.
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Wang, Jianpu. "Pathophysiology and treatment of chlorine gas-induced lung injury : an experimental study in pigs /." Linköping : Univ, 2004. http://www.bibl.liu.se/liupubl/disp/disp2004/med877s.pdf.
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Muchão, Fabio Pereira. "Avaliação da eficácia e segurança de doses crescentes de salbutamol, administrado através de inalador dosimetrado, em crianças e adolescentes com crise de asma." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5141/tde-06022017-151909/.
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INTRODUÇÃO: A dosagem ideal de salbutamol através de inaladores dosimetrados para o tratamento da asma aguda na infância não está bem estabelecida. Este estudo visou comparar dois regimes de dosagem de salbutamol via inalador dosimetrado com espaçador em crianças com crises moderadas ou graves de asma. As hipóteses deste estudo foram: I. Pacientes em vigência de crises de sibilância moderadas ou graves necessitam doses de salbutamol maiores que as até recentemente recomendadas pelo Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA). II. Doses maiores de salbutamol são seguras para crianças com idade igual ou superior a dois anos de idade. OBJETIVOS: I. Avaliar a eficácia (principalmente tempo de permanência na sala de emergência e taxas de internação hospitalar) de um regime de doses maiores de salbutamol em comparação com as até recentemente recomendadas pelo GINA. II. Verificar a segurança destas dosagens de salbutamol através do monitoramento de possíveis efeitos colaterais e dos níveis plasmáticos desta droga. MÉTODOS: Este foi um estudo prospectivo, randomizado, duplo-cego e controlado realizado em salas de emergência de três centros na cidade de São Paulo. Foram incluídos pacientes com 2-17 anos de idade com asma aguda moderada a grave (escore PRAM, Pediatric Respiratory Assessment Measure, >= 5). As dosagens de salbutamol via inalador dosimetrado com espaçador administradas durante a primeira hora foram: 6 (até 25 kg) ou 12 jatos ( > 25 kg) no grupo controle e 9 (até 15 kg), 12 ( > 15 a 20 kg), 15 ( > 20 a 25 kg) ou 18 jatos ( > 25 kg) no grupo estudo. Cada jato continha 100 mcg de salbutamol. Os pacientes dos dois grupos receberam corticosteroides e brometo de ipratrópio. Os desfechos principais do estudo foram o tempo de permanência na sala de emergência para os pacientes não internados e a necessidade ou não de internação hospitalar. Os desfechos secundários foram: mudança no volume expiratório forçado no primeiro segundo (VEF1) após uma hora, mudanças no escore PRAM, na oximetria de pulso e na frequência respiratória após uma hora e no tempo final (momento da alta ou internação hospitalar, máximo de quatro horas) e a necessidade de tratamentos adicionais após a primeira hora. Os desfechos de segurança incluíram mudanças nos níveis séricos de potássio, glicose, bicarbonato e pH no tempo final em relação ao tempo inicial, bem como possíveis anormalidades no eletrocardiograma, níveis plasmáticos de salbutamol, mudanças na frequência cardíaca e presença ou ausência de tremores, os dois últimos após uma hora e no tempo final. RESULTADOS: Foram incluídos 119 pacientes com condições basais semelhantes e não foram observadas diferenças significativas entre os grupos no tempo de permanência na sala de emergência (p=0.55) ou nas taxas de internação hospitalar (p=0.48). Não foram observadas diferenças significativas entre os grupos nas mudanças de VEF1 após uma hora, nas mudanças de escore PRAM, na oximetria de pulso e na frequência respiratória após uma hora e no tempo final. Não houve diferenças significativas entre os grupos na necessidade de tratamentos adicionais administrados após a primeira hora. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas nos desfechos de segurança entre os grupos. CONCLUSÕES: O uso de doses maiores de salbutamol administradas através de inalador dosimetrado com espaçador em crianças com asma aguda moderada ou grave não resultou em menor taxa de internação, menor tempo de permanência na sala de emergência ou melhora em outros desfechos de eficácia em comparação com o regime de dosagens até recentemente proposto pelo GINA. Os dois regimes de dosagens mostraram perfis de segurança semelhantes<br>INTRODUCTION: The ideal dosing of albuterol via metered-dose inhalers for acute childhood asthma is not well established. This study aimed to compare two dosing regimens of albuterol via metered-dose inhaler with spacer in children with moderate to severe asthma attacks. The hypothesis of this study were: I. Patients with moderate to severe asthma attacks would benefit from higher doses of albuterol than those recommended until recently by the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA). II. Higher doses of albuterol are safe for children two years of age and older. OBJECTIVES: I. To compare the efficacy (mainly length of stay in the emergency room and admission rates) of higher doses of albuterol with those recommended until recently by the GINA. II. To assess the safety of different doses of albuterol by monitoring for possible side effects and measuring drug plasma levels. METHODS: This was a prospective, randomized, controlled, double-blind study conducted in emergency rooms of the three participating centers in the city of São Paulo. We included patients with 2-17 years old with moderate to severe acute asthma (Pediatric Respiratory Assessment Measure, PRAM, score >= 5). Dosages of albuterol via metered-dose inhaler with spacer administered during the first hour included: 6 (up to 25 kg) or 12 puffs ( > 25 kg) in the control group and 9 (up to 15 kg), 12 ( > 15 to 20 kg), 15 ( > 20 to 25 kg) or 18 puffs ( > 25 kg) in the study group. Each puff contained 100 mcg of albuterol. All patients received corticosteroids and ipratropium bromide. Primary outcomes were the length of stay in the emergency room for non-admitted patients, and rate of admission. Secondary outcomes included forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) changes following one hour, PRAM score, pulse oximetry and respiratory rate changes following one hour and at the final time (discharge or admission, maximum four hours) and the need for additional therapies after the first hour. Safety outcomes included changes in serum potassium, glucose, bicarbonate and pH at the final time in comparison with the initial time, as well as electrocardiogram abnormalities, plasma albuterol levels, heart rate, and tremors (the last two after one hour and at the final time). RESULTS: We included 119 patients with similar baseline conditions, and no significant differences were observed between groups in the length of stay in the emergency room (p=0.55) or admission rates (p=0.48). No significant differences were observed between groups in FEV1 changes after one hour, and PRAM score, pulse oximetry and respiratory rate changes after one hour and at the final time. There were no significant differences between groups in additional therapies administered after the first hour. No significant differences were observed in safety outcomes between groups. CONCLUSIONS: Higher dosage regimens of albuterol via metered-dose inhaler with spacer for children with moderate to severe acute asthma did not result in lower admission rate, shorter length of stay in the emergency room or improvement in other efficacy outcomes in comparison with those recommended until recently by the GINA. Both dosage regimens showed similar safety profile
Books on the topic "Bronchodilators agents"
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L, Rau Joseph, ed. Rau's respiratory care pharmacology. 8th ed. Elsevier/Mosby, 2012.
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Dietz, D. NTP technical report on the toxicology and carcinogenesis studies of l-Epinephrine hydrochloride (CAS No. 55-31-2) in F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice (inhalation studies). U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, 1990.
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C, Soderberg Robert, ed. Principles of pharmacology for respiratory care. Delmar Publishers, 1994.
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Bills, Georgine W. Principles of pharmacology for respiratory care. 2nd ed. Delmar Publishers, 1997.
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L, Rau Joseph, ed. Respiratory care pharmacology. 3rd ed. Year Book Medical Publishers, 1989.
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Gardenhire, Douglas S. Rau's respiratory care pharmacology. 7th ed. Mosby Elsevier, 2008.
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Dhand, Rajiv, and Michael McCormack. Bronchodilators in critical illness. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0033.
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Inhaled beta-agonists and anticholinergic agents, as well as systemically administered methylxanthines, are frequently employed to achieve bronchodilation in critically-ill patients. Inhaled agents are given by pressurized metered dose inhaler (pMDI), nebulizer, or dry powder inhaler. In ventilator-supported patients, aerosolized agents are generally only administered by pMDI or nebulizer. The ventilator circuit, artificial airway, and circuit humidity complicate the delivery of aerosolized agents, and there is a wide variability in drug delivery efficiency with various bench models of mechanical ventilation. Aerosolized drug by pMDI is affected by the use of spacer devices, synchronization of pMDI actuation and ventilator breath delivery, and appropriate priming of the pMDI device. The efficiency of aerosolized drug delivery by jet nebulization is also affected by device placement in the circuit, as well as by a number of other factors. Several investigators have demonstrated comparable efficiency of aerosol delivery with mechanically-ventilated and ambulatory patients when careful attention is given to the technique of administration. Appropriate administration of aerosolized bronchodilators in patients receiving invasive or non-invasive positive pressure ventilation produces significant therapeutic effects.
Book chapters on the topic "Bronchodilators agents"
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Gross, N. J. "BRONCHODILATORS | Anticholinergic Agents." In Encyclopedia of Respiratory Medicine. Elsevier, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b0-12-370879-6/00052-1.
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Frent, Stefan-Marian. "COPD Pharmacological Management Update." In Update in Respiratory Diseases. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.90239.
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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although it is considered both preventable and treatable, COPD still represents an important public health challenge. The classes of pharmacological agents widely used for the maintenance treatment are bronchodilators (SABA, SAMA, LABA, LAMA) and inhaled corticosteroids (ICS). While it is largely accepted that inhaled bronchodilators, which are effective and well tolerated in patients with stable disease, are the cornerstone of the pharmacological management of COPD, there is an ongoing debate regarding the role of inhaled corticosteroids. This is also reflected in the last versions of the GOLD recommendations, which suffered dramatic changes in the recent years. The trend for personalized medicine led to the search for biomarkers which could guide the therapeutic decisions. Recent studies demonstrated that blood eosinophils can reasonably predict the ICS relative efficacy in preventing COPD exacerbations and thus could inform the disease management.
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Ali Kamal, Yasser. "Surgical Management of Bronchiectasis." In Update in Respiratory Diseases. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.93103.
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Bronchiectasis is a chronic clinicopathological disease of the lung characterized by chronic cough, sputum production, recurrent pulmonary infection, and persistent bronchial dilatation on computed tomography. For many years, bronchiectasis associated with high mortality and morbidity particularly before the advent of antibiotics. The medical treatment of bronchiectasis includes antibiotic therapy, airway clearance, bronchodilators, and anti-inflammatory agents. Surgery is mainly performed for localized disease after failure of the medical treatment, including: segmentectomy, lobectomy, and pneumonectomy. This chapter highlights the current surgical considerations for treatment of bronchiectasis, regarding indications of surgery, preoperative evaluation and preparation, available operative procedures, postoperative outcomes, and other important surgical issues.
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Waldmann, Carl, Andrew Rhodes, Neil Soni, and Jonathan Handy. "Respiratory drugs." In Oxford Desk Reference: Critical Care. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198723561.003.0011.
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This chapter discusses respiratory drugs and includes discussion on bronchodilators (describing β<sub>2</sub>-agonists, anticholinergic agents, and xanthine derivatives), nitric oxide (history, biochemistry, clinical use of inhaled nitric oxide, administration of inhaled nitric oxide, adverse effects of inhaled nitric oxide, and adjunctive therapies), mucolytics (properties of mucus, types of mucolytics, clinical applications, and side-effects), and helium–oxygen gas mixtures (including nomenclature, rationale, indications, expected effects, presentation, face mask administration, nebulization, patient monitoring during therapy, stopping helium–oxygen therapy, indications for helium–oxygen mask ventilation, indications for helium–oxygen intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV) via endotracheal or tracheostomy tube, patient monitoring during IPPV therapy, stopping helium–oxygen therapy, and published trials).
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Graham, James D. P. "The Bronchodilator Action of Cannabinoids." In Cannabinoids as Therapeutic Agents. Chapman and Hall/CRC, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429260667-8.
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Peters, Stephen P. "Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Irreversible Airflow Obstruction." In Asthma. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199918065.003.0007.
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Patients with fixed airflow obstruction, whether from asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), or an overlap phenotype, represent an especially difficult group of patients to both categorize and manage. Many of the current research activities in both asthma and COPD are designed to subclassify patients with asthma and COPD into different endotypes and phenotypes, with the hope that the results will have implications for both the natural history of disease and the response to different therapies. Data outlined in this review, particularly the genetic findings, help strengthen the “Dutch hypothesis” Orie put forth more than 50 years ago about the commonalities of obstructive airways diseases operating under a variety of environmental influences. The identification of targets distinct from inflammation in both asthma and COPD, through different mechanisms—atopy, important in asthma, and smoking, important COPD–could lead to novel treatments for both of these diseases with fixed airflow obstruction. In the meantime, the use of bronchodilators, antiinflammatory agents, and environmental control and intervention, including smoking cessation, weight loss and control, and exercise and pulmonary rehabilitation, remain the foundation of the therapeutic approach for these diseases, regardless of their origin.
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Naji, Nizar, and Paul M. O’Byrne. "Bronchiectasis." In Asthma. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199918065.003.0008.
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Bronchiectasis is one of the most debilitating chronic respiratory diseases, which affects all ages, with significant morbidity and mortality. It is recognized clinically by chronic persistent daily cough, productive of mucopurulent sputum. The defining characteristic is the permanent abnormal dilatation and destruction of bronchial walls, which involve both the major bronchi and bronchioles. It is a major contributor to progressive lung function decline and functional disability, especially in patients with respiratory comorbidities. Bronchial hygiene, to clear airway secretions, is the basis of management. Bronchodilators and fixed-dose combination therapy with an inhaled corticosteroid and a long-acting β-agonist provide clinical benefit, but do not reduce the risks for acute exacerbations. The airways of patients with bronchiectasis are often colonized with pathologic bacteria, and acute exacerbations require antibiotic therapy. Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis often requires daily oral corticosteroids for management.
Conference papers on the topic "Bronchodilators agents"
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Mathur, M., A. M. Al-Jumaily, G. Ijpma, and R. Alany. "Effects of Bronchodilators Combined With Oscillations on the Contracted Airway Smooth Muscle." In ASME 2010 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2010-38357.
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Current asthma treatments using anti-inflammatory agents and airway smooth muscle (ASM) relaxants are expensive, variable in effectiveness and are associated with several cardiovascular side effects. Previous in vitro experiments conducted on ASM tissues suggest that oscillations applied to contracted muscle result in a reduction in the contractile ability of the tissue. This study focuses on investigating the combined effects of muscle relaxants (bronchodilators) and length oscillations on the dynamics of contracted ASM. Isolated porcine tracheal smooth muscle tissues are contracted using Acetylcholine. Isoproterenol (Iso), a β-agonist, is used as a bronchodilator to relax the contracted ASM. Our results suggest that the combined effect of Iso and breathing oscillations is noted to be greater than the added effects of Iso and breathing alone. It can be proposed that breathing oscillations aid the relaxation of ASM by Isoproterenol.
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Machida, Kentaro, Yukari Sadamura, Keiko Mizuno, Ikkou Higashimoto, and Hiromasa Inoue. "Bronchodilator Efficacy Of Single Administration Of Oral Anticholinergic Agent In Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease." In American Thoracic Society 2012 International Conference, May 18-23, 2012 • San Francisco, California. American Thoracic Society, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2012.185.1_meetingabstracts.a2919.
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Bini, Francesco, Noemi Grassi, Angelo De Lauretis, Bruno Bodini, Cristina Arosio, and Adriano Vaghi. "Retrospective study on the use of LABA/LAMA therapy (long acting bronchodilator agent/long acting muscarinic agent) in patients with severe COPD at first diagnosis." In ERS International Congress 2019 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2019.pa2500.
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Venkatasamy, Radhakrishnan, Clive Page, and Domenico Spina. "The dual PDE3/PDE4 phosphodiesterase inhibitor RPL554 produces more complete bronchodilator responses than the beta2-agonist salbutamol and the anti-muscarinic agent ipratropium bromide, alone and in combination, in guinea-pig isolated trachea." In Annual Congress 2015. European Respiratory Society, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2015.pa3960.
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