Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Bronquiolitis'
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Chauca, Díaz Francéscoli Ramiro Sinfo. "Factores de Riesgo asociados a bronquiolitis en pacientes lactantes en el Hospital María Auxiliadora en el periodo julio 2015 – diciembre 2016." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Ricardo Palma, 2017. http://cybertesis.urp.edu.pe/handle/urp/986.
Full textGonzález, Gómez Isabel. "Efectividad de una intervención educacional en la afectación de la bronquiolitis aguda en lactantes." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Jaume I, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/665479.
Full textObjective: To evaluate the effectiveness of an educational intervention for health, aimed to modify the control of risk factors for the prevention of acute bronchiolitis (BA) as well as the recognition and management of the symptomatology of the disease. Method: Prospective randomized clinical trial conducted with 519 newborns and their families, admitted to the maternal and child unit of two hospitals in the city of Terrassa. The patients were randomly distributed at the time of birth, the experimental group (GE) received specific information on bronchiolitis during admission, an information leaflet on discharge from maternity, and as a reinforcement, a reminder call on the contents at one month of age; the control group (CG) followed the usual protocol and did not receive specific information about BA. Results: A total sample of 519 newborns was included in the study, of which 258 belong to the GE and 261 to the GC. Thirty-three percent (174 out of 519) of the children presented some form of disease, with a confidence of 95%, (CI: 29.5% -37.8%). There were fewer cases of BA in the experimental group, 30% (CI: 24.3% -35.8%) than in the control group, 37% (ICE: 31.3% -43.3%), the difference between them being almost significant (p <. 100). The hospital admission rate was 4% lower in the experimental group. Conclusions: The educational intervention for health on acute bronchiolitis decreases the number of cases of BA and the number of hospital admissions, which can be endorsed in subsequent studies. Education has not modified the age of contagion, but the number of children who attend the nursery school. It is necessary to insist on educational research to inform families with children at risk for early age, about respiratory diseases in the winter season, so we believe it is a task to be carried out by the nurse and within the primary care clinic in winter .
Ruiz, Méndez Angel Pedro. "Factores asociados a la aparición de asma bronquial en niños con antecedente de bronquiolitis." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2004. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/1762.
Full textIt was carried out a retrospective study with pursuit, observational, transverse, comparative, with the purpose of determining the percentage of children from 6 to 9 years og age that it develops bronchial asthma and their association with some factors, it was carried out the present work in 36 children. Of the 36 children that constituted the sample, bronchial asthma was diagnosed in 63,9% after the evaluation of the clinical records, the antecedents, the clinical exam and the spirometry. It was the following association relationship: Nursing maternal exclusive (X2: 3,95 , P < 0,05 ), it is not associates with tha bronchial asthma appearance; asthma and/or atopía in the parents and/or brothers (X2: 6,78, P < 0,05); and atopía in the studied children (X2: 9,66, P< 0,05), elements that associate in significant form with the bronchial asthma development. On the contrary they didn’t have association with the bronchial asthma development, the intradomiciliary tabaquism (X2: 3,28, P > 0,05 ) and the graveness of the bronchiolitis (X2: 3,79, P > 0,05 ). It concludes that the children with antecedent of hospitalization for bronchiolitis and stiller in wich it is determined the absence of exclusive nursing maternal, the asthma presence and/or atopía in the parents and/or brothers and atopía in these children; they need careful pursuit for the possibility of developing brinchial asthma. Likewise, it concludes that the exclusive nursing maternal is a protective element in relation to the bronchial asthma development, for what it should be encouraged in the children with bronchiolitis antecedent. Key words: bronchiolitis, bronchial asthma, factor of risk.
Tesis de segunda especialidad
López, Vega Jackeline Nina. "Estancia hospitalaria y manejo de bronquiolitis aguda con suero hipertónico vs suero fisiológico en lactantes menores de 2 años del Hospital María Auxiliadora, 2011 - 2018." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/10375.
Full textTesis
Delgado, Flores Luis Miguel, La Rosa Rojas Gessely De, and Ulloa Gundi Isabel Vela. "Lactancia materna asociada a duración de la hospitalización en pacientes con bronquiolitis: un estudio de cohorte retrospectivo." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/621827.
Full textAlejandre, Galobardes Carme. "Bronquiolitis aguda: validació d’una escala de gravetat i ús de biomarcadors per a la optimització del tractament." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/671018.
Full textINTRODUCTION: Bronchiolitis is the most common lower respiratory tract infection in infants and the main cause of hospital admission in children younger than 1 year. The diagnostic is fundamentally clinical. Currently, there is no gold standard to assess prognosis or severity. For the correct management of these patients, a clinical score of reliable severity is required, which is easy to use and as objective as possible. The Sant Joan de Déu bronchiolitis severity score (BROSJOD score) was described in 1999, but had never been validated in our population. On the other hand, the widespread use of antibiotic treatment in patients with bronchiolitis forces professionals to seek improvement in diagnostic tools. Studies regarding the use of procalcitonin as a differential marker of bacterial superinfection are encouraging to continue in this line of study and a protocol based on this biomarker could decrease the rate of antibiotic treatment in patients with severe bronchiolitis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Two prospective and observational studies were designed, one to validate the BROSJOD score and the other to see the decrease in exposure to antibiotics after applying a protocol based on procalcitonin in patients with bronchiolitis admitted to a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit. RESULTS: The statistical tests for the validation of BROSJOD were very good and new cut-off points were defined. The global rate of antibiotics differed in the periods studied, pre and post-implementation of the protocol (88.2% vs. 72.13%, p = 0.003) as well as the total duration (8.65 ± 4.8 days vs. 5, 05 ± 3.18 days, p = 0.023), without observing associated complications. CONCLUSIONS: The BROSJOD score is a useful tool for classifying the severity of patients suffering from acute bronchiolitis, with new even better cut points. The antibiotic rate in patients with severe bronchiolitis can be decreased with a protocol based on procalcitonin.
Herrera, López Eduardo, and Villa Diana Lugo. "“EVOLUCIÓN CLINÍCA DEL PACIENTE PEDIATRÍCO CON BRONQUIOLITIS UTILIZANDO NEBULIZACIÓN CON SOLUCIÓN SALINA HIPERTÓNICA AL 3% EN EL SERVICIO DE PEDIATRÍA DEL HOSPITAL REGIONAL ISSEMyM TLALNEPANTLA DE1 DE NOVIEMBRE DE 2012 AL 31 DE AGOSTO DE 2013.”." Tesis de Licenciatura, Medicina-Quimica, 2014. http://ri.uaemex.mx/handle/123456789/14670.
Full textAzevedo, Lúcia Alexandra Fernandes. "Bronquiolite viral aguda." Master's thesis, Universidade da Beira Interior, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.6/889.
Full textBackgroud: The bronchiolitis is the most common lower tract respiratory infection in children under two years and is a major cause of hospitalization during the winter months. It´s the result of infection and inflammation of the distal airways respiratory mucosa the by a variety of seasonal virus, and Respiratory Syncytial Virus is the etiologic agent most frequently implicated. The diagnosis is based on typical clinical history and physical examination. Treatment is essentially supportive however, therapeutics not sufficiently supported by scientific evidence remain being used. Despite being a common disease there is little consensus about the best diagnostic and therapeutic approach. Objectives: The main objective of this study was to analyze therapeutic and diagnostic approaches of children with bronchiolitis. The secondary objective was to determine the frequency of various viral pathogens isolated and analyze the severity of the disease according to these. Methodology: We conducted a prospective descriptive study in children with bronchiolitis, with the age below 24 months, which have been taken at Pediatric Emergency Service of Hospital of Cova da Beira, between 1 November 2008 and 31 March 2009. It has been registrated information related to demographics, clinical manifestations, additional diagnostic tests and therapeutic interventions. Results: We included 78 children in the study, 60% were male and mean age was 8.5 months. Fifty-three percent of children required hospitalization and the average duration of that was 7 days. Proof therapy with salbutamol was performed at 59% of children, and was continued in 32.4% of those treated at home and in 56.1% of those hospitalized. Systemic antibiotics were prescribed in 19.2% of children. Along hospitalization 95% of children required supplemental oxygen. Nasopharyngeal suction was performed in 56%, and 61% of the children needed intravenous hydration. Chest physiotherapy was performed in 22% of hospitalized children. Chest X-ray was performed in 38.5%, blood count and PCR in 28.2% and blood culture in 17.9% of children. In viral diagnostic testing at least one virus was detected in 78.7% and concomitant infection with two viruses was detected in 23% of children. The RSV was identified in 69.3% and BoVh in 22.7% of children. In 88% of children with positive samples for BoVh it has been detected simultaneously RSV infection. Children with concomitant infection with RSV and BoVh required more often hospitalization compared with children infected with RSV alone (80% vs 60%). Conclusions: Given the current evidence regarding the diagnostic approach and treatment of bronchiolitis there were found two issues that are likely to be optimized: the reduction of salbutamol prescription and the use of complementary tests of diagnosis. These results confirm RSV as the primary etiologic agent of bronchiolitis, and highlight the BoVh as a virus often associated with this disease, also showing a high rate of co-detection with RSV. Given the limitations of the study it wasn’t possible to associate the co-infection with RSV and BoVh with a greater severity of illness, compared to infection by RSV alone.
Fischer, Gilberto Bueno. "Fatores prognosticos para bronquiolite viral aguda." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/139229.
Full textAcute viral bronchiolitis(AVB) has a high prevalence in Rio Grande do Sul. It accounts for a high number of hospital admissions in infants. The patients with a more severe disease, in the first three days of hospitalization may develop respiratory failure and might need oxygen or mechanical ventilation . The aim of this study was to investigate prognostic factors (clinicaI signs and laboratory tests) in hospitalized infants with AVB. The research conducted was a cohort study of 213 infants with AVB who were admitted to the Hospital da Criança Santo Antônio, Porto Alegre. These patients were followed up from the admission, in the three first days, to their discharge and at 30 and 60 days after admission. Severity criteria were defined such as need of oxygen in the third day of admission or mechanical ventilation in the first three days. The admissions occurred predominantly from July to September and the majority (60%) were infants under four months of age. It was observed that 50% of the families had monthly wages below three minimum saIaries and 18% lived in crowded homes. Sixty one (29%) of the children needed oxygen in the third day of admission and 12 (6%) were put on mechanical ventilation. It was observed that 17% of the patients had a past history of prematurity, 24% were being breast fed at admission and 12% had never been breast fedo Around 35% of the families had a past history of bronchial asthma. The main clinicaI characteristics were: respiratory rate above 60 (67%), wheezes (76%), crepitations (57%) and subcostal retraction (56%). The following findings were significantly associated to severity : respiratory rate above 70 mpm, peripheric cyanosis, low capillary filling, supraesternal retraction, transcutaneous oxygen saturation below 91%, atelectasis at the chest X-ray. Among the prognostic features, some were identified as presenting high relative risk associated to severity: Age under 4 months (RR 1,7), birth weight below 2500 g (RR 2,3) and malnutrition (RR 2,0). Severity scales have been developed using discriminant analysis with the following items: age under 3 months, prostration, flaring of the alae nasi, respiratory rate above 70 mpm, retractions (subcostal, intercostal and supraesternal), transcutaneous oxygen saturation, need of oxygen, admission in intensive care unit and use of mechanical ventilation. Severity scores resulted from the addition of the value attributed to each of the items (O or 1). They were dichotomized in above (more severe) and below or equal to 3. At the follow up, after the discharge it was observed that the majority of the children who had been seen at thirty and sixty days had wheezing episodes and there was a high rate of re admissions (26% at 60 days).
Alfaro, Daniela, Yamila Musri, and Daniela Palacio. "Reingreso precoz de pacientes pediátricos con patologías respiratorias." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Enfermería, 2012. http://bdigital.uncu.edu.ar/15236.
Full textFil: Alfaro, Daniela. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Enfermería..
Fil: Musri, Yamila. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Enfermería..
Fil: Palacio, Daniela. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Enfermería..
Muller, Helena. "Eosinófilos e proteína catiônica eosinofílica em bronquiolite viral aguda." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/7259.
Full textZatti, Helen. "Associação entre função pulmonar e bronquiolite em lactentes prematuros." Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10923/4733.
Full textObjective: To assess pulmonary function in preterm infants and the association with perinatal factors and bronchiolitis during the first year. Methods: Preterm children, born at 35 or less weeks gestational age were followed for one year, and all episodes of bronchiolitis were recorded. Lung function was assessed by the raised volume rapid thoracic compression technique, in the first 6 months of life and again at the termination visit. Results: In the first lung function evaluation, the forced vital capacity was not associated with perinatal variables. There was a positive correlation between expiratory flows (FEF50, FEF75, FEF25-75, FEV0,5 and FEV05/FVC) and gestational age (p<0,01). Fifty seven infants were followed for one year and 81% suffered at least one episode of bronchiolitis, with a mean of 0. 2 episodes/month. Infants who had 2 or more bronchiolitis during the follow-up had lower baseline expiratory flows in the first exam, compared with those who had none or one bronchiolitis episodes. Lung function at one year was not associated with bronchiolitis. Lung´s growth rate was not associated with bronchiolitis, breastfeeding, or other variables evaluated. Conclusion: Our results suggest that reduced lung function before 6 months is associated with bronchiolitis during the first year of life in preterm infants.
Objetivo: Avaliar a função pulmonar de lactentes prematuros e sua associação com fatores perinatais e ocorrência de bronquiolite durante o primeiro ano de vida. Métodos: Seguimento por 1 ano após a alta de lactentes nascidos com 35 semanas ou menos de gestação, com diagnóstico clínico dos episódios de bronquiolite. Avaliou-se a função pulmonar em dois momentos, antes de 6 meses de vida e ao final do estudo, pela técnica de compressão torácica rápida a partir de volumes elevados. Resultados: No primeiro teste, a capacidade vital forçada não apresentou correlação com as variáveis perinatais, enquanto os fluxos expiratórios (FEF50, FEF75, FEF25-75, VEF0,5, VEF05/CVF) apresentaram correlação positiva com a idade gestacional (p<0,01). Dos 57 lactentes acompanhados por 1 ano, 81% apresentaram algum episódio de bronquiolite, com uma média de 0,2 episódios/mês de seguimento. Os lactentes que apresentaram 2 ou mais episódios de bronquiolite durante o seguimento, quando comparados com os que tiveram nenhum ou 1 episódio, apresentavam significativa redução de fluxos expiratórios no primeiro exame. Não foi detectada associação entre bronquiolite e função pulmonar com um ano de vida. A velocidade de crescimento pulmonar não esteve associada a ocorrência ou número de episódios de bronquiolite, aleitamento materno ou outras variáveis do estudo. Conclusões: Os resultados sugerem uma associação entre redução de função pulmonar nos primeiros meses de vida e bronquiolite durante o 1º ano em lactentes prematuros.
Garriga, Badia Montserrat. "Influencia de la infección por el virus respiratorio sincitial en el desarrollo inmunológico en niños de 0 a 2 años de edad." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/2455.
Full textEl objetivo de este estudio fue establecer la relación entre la infección por el virus respiratorio sincitial y las modificaciones de la inmunidad que conducen a la aparición de asma infantil.
PACIENTES Y MÉTODO:
Estudio prospectivo realizado en la Sección de Inmunoalérgia del Hospital Universitario Sant Joan de Déu de Barcelona.
Dos grupos de estudio. NIÑOS CON BRONQUIOLITIS. (Grupo A). El grupo de niños problema estaba formado inicialmente por 65 niños (edad media 3 meses, 1 día a 7 meses) que ingresaron en este Hospital por su primer episodio de bronquiolitis VRS positivo, desde diciembre de 1997 hasta febrero de 1998. De estos, 50 niños completaron el seguimiento durante 2 años. En los análisis se solicitaba un hemograma, Inmunoglobulinas G, M, A, E. Poblaciones linfocitarias, proteína cationica eosinófila, interleucina 4, interferon gamma y las moléculas de adhesión: s VCAM.1, sL selectina
El segundo grupo(grupo B), estaba formado por 80 niños, los cuales se subdividían en 4 grupos de 20 según las edades: 20 niños de 1 a 8 semanas, otros 20 que tenían entre 5 a 7 meses, otros 20 de 10 a 14 y el último de 20 niños 16 a 20 meses de edad. Estos niños tenían programada una extracción analítica por otro motivo solicitando permiso oral a la familia se determinaba en sangre la interleucina 4, el interferón-g y las moléculas de adhesión. Este segundo grupo permitirá calcular los valores de referencia en suero de estas cuatro moléculas.
RESULTADOS:
En la fase aguda de la bronquiolitis la respuesta inmunológica frente a la infección viral fue anómala, en el sentido de que presentaron una respuesta inmune humoral (con elevación de las inmunoglobulinas G, A, M, está última con p=0,014) y un descenso de la inmunidad celular T, T4, T8. La respuesta inmune frente a la infección viral tiene que ser de predominio celular, para ser efectivas. En todos los niños que padecieron una bronquiolitis VRS, encontramos una elevación estadísticamente significativa (p= 0,001) de la sL-Selectina a los 18 meses de edad en comparación con los niños sanos de su misma edad.
CONCLUSIONES:
1.- Los niños con bronquiolitis por VRS evolucionaron a asma en los 2 años posteriores a la bronquiolitis en el 44% (22 niños).
2.- Factores que condicionaron la evolución a asma en este grupo han sido: antecedentes de un hermano con enfermedad alérgica. Padre fumador.
3.- La respuesta inmunitaria a la infección aguda por VRS, fue anómala en los que evolucionaron a asma, con aumento de la respuesta humoral (LB, Ig G, Ig A, Ig M) y descenso de la respuesta celular (LT, LT4, LT8).
4.- La respuesta inmunitaria humoral elevada y celular descendida se normalizo a los 12 meses.
5.- Los valores medios de IL-4 e IFN gamma se detectaron en niveles normales esperados para la edad en el momento de la bronquiolitis. A los 6 meses inicia la elevación de IL-4 y el descenso de IFN-gamma en los niños que después presentaron asma. Este aumento de IL4 y descenso de IFN-gamma se mantuvo hasta los 18 meses.
6.-La Ig E total de los que presentaron asma no se elevó hasta los 18 meses de vida.
7.- La proteína cationica eosinófila se encontró elevada a los 6 y 12 meses en los niños que después presentaron asma.
8.- A los 18 meses de vida los niños que han padecido bronquiolitis presentan una elevación estadísticamente significativamente (p< 0,001) de la molécula de adhesión sL -selectina, con respecto a los niños que no la han padecido.
ENGLISH
The aim of this study was to establish the relationship between respiratory syncytial virus and the modifications in immunity that cause appearance of childhood asthma.
Two study groups:
1- CHILDREN WITH BRONCHIOLITIS. (Group A)
The problem group of children was initially made up of 65 who were hospitalized at this center for their first episode of VRS positive bronchiolitis, from December 1997 to February 1998. 50 children completed the follow-up for 2 years.
2. HEALTHY CHILDREN (Group B)
The second group, made up of 80 children. Thus only a specific determination was done and no follow-up was done with these infants. IL- 4 and IFN-gamma, adhesion molecules were measured (s VCAM-1, sL selectin).
The clinical concept of Childhood Asthma: is defined as the appearance of 3 or more episodes of bronchial obstruction before 2 years of age and/or a history of: bronchial hyperactivity, outside of periods of respiratory re-infection.
CONCLUSIONS
1.- Children with VRS bronchiolitis developed asthma 2 years after the onset of bronchiolitis at a rate of 44% (22 children).
2.- Factors conditioning the development into asthma in this group have been: history of a sibling with an allergic illness or a parent who is a smoker.
3.- The immunitory response to acute VRS infection was analomous in those that developed into asthma, with an increase of humoral (LB, Ig G, Ig A, Ig M the latter with p= 0,014) and decrease in cellular response (LT, LT4, LT8).
4.- Increased humoral immunitory and decreased cellular response normalized at 12 months.
5.- The average IL-4 and IFN gamma values were detected at normal expected values for the age at the time of the bronchiolitis. At 6 months increase of IL-4 and decrease of IFN-gamma in children that later presented asthma.
This increase of IL4 and decrease of IFN-gamma was maintained up to 18 months.
6.-The total Ig E of those presenting asthma did not increase up to 18 months of age
7.- The cytokine eosinofile protein was found to be high at 6 and 12 months in children who later presented asthma.
8.- At 18 months of age the children who have suffered bronchiolitis present a statistically significant increase (p< 0,001) in molecular sL-selectine adhesion, related to children who have not suffered it.
Barcellos, Luciana Gil. "Bronquiolite viral aguda fatores prognóticos em lactentes hospitalizados previamente hígidos." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/7036.
Full textAcute viral bronchiolitis (AVB) is a respiratory disease which occurs in children, mainly in their first year of life. The Respiratory Syncytial Virus is responsible for about 75% of the cases of AVB, although other agents may also trigger similar diseases such as Adenovirus1, 7.3 and 21, Rhinovirus, Parainfluenza, Influenza, Metapneumovirus and, less frequently, the Mycoplasma pneumoniae. AVB is a disease with the seasonal pattern of benign evolution in most healthy infants. However, 0.5 to 2% need to be taken to a hospital, of those 15% need intensive care, 3% to 8% develop respiratory failure and require mechanical ventilation. The death rate among previously healthy children is around 1% of inpatients. The purpose of this investigation is to identify AVB’s prognosis factors and to correlate it to hospitalization time in previously healthy infants. During the winter of 2002, a cohort study followed up 219 patients under one year of age with a clinical diagnosis of AVB. These patients had been assessed and classified according to a modified clinical score (DE BOECK at al., 1997) at admission, on the third day, and at discharge. The real inpatient time was registered and the ideal length of stay estimated pursuant to clinical discharge criteria as defined by Wainwright and colls.,in 2003, as non use of oxygen for more than 10 hours, minimal or no intercostal retraction, no use of parenteral medication, and by mouth feeding capability. The inpatient clinical score was 3.88±1.81. The average time of oxygen use 5.3±3.83 days. These patients presented a real inpatient time of 7.02±3.89 days and ideal inpatient time of 5.92±3.83 days (p<0.001).Considering the ideal length of stay as a dependent variable in a logistic regression model, we observe that for every point of increase in the clinical score, the chances of the patient remaining in hospital for more than three days increases by a factor of 1.9. It is therefore concluded that the inpatient time of healthy children with AVB is predictable using the clinical score, and is recommended in the early evaluation of those patients.
Hartmann, Francine. "Surfactante pulmonar: avaliação e terapia na bronquiolite viral aguda grave." Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10923/7384.
Full textObjectives: To evaluate the response to surfactant of patients with acute bronchiolitis (AB) according the surfactant function and production, measured through the stable microbubble test and the lamellar body count. Study Design: Twenty four patients younger than 1 year of age, with the diagnosis of AB, who were in mechanical ventilation and received 100 mg of surfactant, according with the stablished routine by the pediatric intensive care unit, were studied. Previously to the administration, tracheal secretion was collected for virus identification, stable microbubble test and lamellar body count. Arterial blood gases were obtained. One hour, 6 hours and 24 hours after of surfactant administration arterial blood gases were again collected. Results: There was a 20% increase in PaO2 24 hours after surfactant administration in 2 (14. 29%) of 14 patients with lamellar bodies ≤ 60. 000 and in 5 (50%) of 10 patients with>60. 000 lamellar bodies (p=0. 08). Six (46. 15%) of 13 patients with ≤13 microbubbles and one (9. 09%) of 11 patients with>13 microbubbles had an increase in PaO2>20% after 24 hours of administration (p=0. 08). Only 2 patients of 7 who responded to surfactant, had respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) positive. The patients with lamellar bodies ≤ 60. 000 had a statistically significant increase in oxygenation after 6 hours of surfactant administration, not associated to a reduction of mechanical ventilation time or hospitalization time. The patients without positive RSV had a substantial increase in PaO2 after one hour after the administration of surfactant, that was maintained for 24 hours. Conclusion: The surfactant administration transiently improved oxygenation in patients with AVB. Patients who had no positive respiratory syncytial virus had an important improvement in oxygenation after administration of exogenous surfactant. LBC and SMT are not sufficiently sensitive and specific to predict who the patients with severe bronchiolitis responding to treatment with exogenous surfactant.
Avaliar a resposta à administração de surfactante exógeno de pacientes com bronquiolite viral aguda (BVA) grave conforme a função e produção de surfactante, medida através do teste das microbolhas estáveis (TME) e da contagem de corpos lamelares (CCL). Métodos: Foram estudados 24 pacientes, menores de 1 ano de idade, com diagnóstico de BVA grave, que estavam em ventilação mecânica e receberam 100mg/kg de surfactante exógeno, de acordo com a rotina estabelecida pela da unidade de tratamento intensivo pediátrico (UTIP). Previamente à administração, foi coletado uma amostra de secreção traqueal para identificação de vírus, realização da contagem de corpos lamelares e do teste das microbolhas estáveis. Foi obtido sangue arterial para gasometria. Uma hora, 6horas e 24horas após a administração de surfactante foi coletado novamente sangue arterial para gasometria. Resultados: Houve aumento de 20% na PaO2após 24 horas da administração de surfactante em 2 (14,29%) de 14 pacientes com corpos lamelares ≤ 60. 000 e em 5 (50%) de 10 pacientes com >60. 000 corpos lamelares (p=0,08). Seis (46,15%) de 13 pacientes com ≤13 microbolhas e 01 (9,09%) de 11 pacientes com >13 microbolhas tiveram um aumento na PaO2>20% após 24 horas da administração (p=0,08). Apenas 2 pacientes dos 7 que responderam ao surfactante exógeno, tinham vírus sincicial respiratório (VSR) positivo. Os pacientes com >60. 000 corpos lamelares tiveram um aumento estatisticamente significativo da oxigenação após 6 horas do uso de surfactante, não associado a redução do tempo de ventilação e internação. Os pacientes sem VSR positivo tiveram um aumento substancial da PaO2arterial após 1 hora de administração do surfactante, que se manteve por 24 horas. Conclusão: A administração de surfactante melhora transitoriamente a oxigenação dos pacientes com BVA. Os pacientes que não tinham vírus sincicial respiratório positivo tiveram uma importante melhora imediata na oxigenação após o uso de surfactante exógeno. A CCL e o TME não se mostraram suficientemente sensíveis e específicos para predizer quem são os pacientes com bronquiolite grave que responderão à terapia com surfactante exógeno.
Espinel, Júlio de Oliveira. "Terapia celular no tratamento da bronquiolite obliterante em modelo murino." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/88432.
Full textBarbosa, Lisiane de Rosa. "Sinais clínicos de disfagia em lactentes com bronquiolite viral aguda." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/165717.
Full textObjective: To determine the occurrence of clinical signs of dysphagia in infants with acute viral bronchiolitis. Methods: Cross-sectional study of 42 infants between 0 and 12 months, previously healthy, receiving oral diet and hospitalized with acute viral bronchiolitis. Clinical evaluation of swallowing was accompanied by measurements of respiratory rate and pulse oximetry. Score of swallowing dysfunction was developed to establish associations with other study variables. An agreement among the examiners was reached. Caregivers answered a questionnaire on feeding behavior. The level of significance was p <0.05. Results: Alterations in the oral phase (prolonged pauses) and pharyngeal phase (wheezing, coughing and gagging) of swallowing were found in the study. There was a significant increase in respiratory rate between the time before and after feeding and nearly half of the infants had tachypnea. It was observed a relation between the score of swallowing dysfunction and fall of oxygen saturation. Although the association of the number of swallowing disorders with the increase of respiratory rate was not significant, children with larger changes in swallowing tended to have higher respiratory rate. There was no significant difference between the two evaluations of the same observer (p> 0.05), however in the agreement between examiners there was significant difference between the two raters on the five items of the assessment. Infants whose caregivers reported feeding difficulties during hospitalization had a significantly greater number of changes in the evaluation of swallowing. Conclusion: Infants with acute viral bronchiolitis showed abnormal swallowing, plus changes in respiratory frequency and measures the rate of oxygen saturation. It is suggested, therefore, risk for dysphagia.
Silva, Rita Elizabeth Checon de Freitas. "Sibilância recorrente após bronquiolite viral aguda pelo vírus sincicial respiratório." reponame:Repositório Institucional da FIOCRUZ, 2007. https://www.arca.fiocruz.br/handle/icict/4341.
Full textO Vírus Sincicial Respiratório é considerado o principal agente etiológico das infecções respiratórias agudas do trato inferior em crianças menores de dois anos de idade,sendo a bronquiolite viral aguda a principal delas. Além de causar uma elevada morbidade na fase aguda, a bronquiolite pelo Vírus Sincicial Respiratório tem sido associada aproblemas respiratórios em longo prazo, especialmente, a sibilância recorrente.Este estudo teve como objetivos determinar a taxa de incidência de sibilância recorrente após um quadro de bronquiolite pelo Vírus Sincicial Respiratório em uma amostra de crianças menores de um ano atendidas em Pronto-Socorro e sua eventualassociação com diferentes fatores de risco. A análise dos dados foi realizada por meio do modelo linear generalizado com distribuição de Poisson e função de ligação logarítmica. Setenta e seis crianças foram acompanhadas, por um período de dois anos e meio. (...) As variáveis analisadas como potenciais fatores de risco foram: idade e sexo do paciente, hospitalização à época da bronquiolite, história familiar deasma e de atopia. Na análise multivariada somente sexo e história familiar de asma se mostraram independentemente associados ao desfecho. A taxa de incidência de sibilância recorrente foi 37 por cento maior nas meninas e 41 por cento maior em pacientes com história familiar deasma. Conclusão: Este é o primeiro estudo brasileiro e o terceiro do mundo em desenvolvimento sobre este assunto e mostrou uma importante morbidade respiratória de crianças após um quadro de bronquiolite viral aguda pelo Vírus Sincicial Respiratório.
Zatti, Helen. "Associa??o entre fun??o pulmonar e bronquiolite em lactentes prematuros." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2010. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/1342.
Full textObjetivo: Avaliar a fun??o pulmonar de lactentes prematuros e sua associa??o com fatores perinatais e ocorr?ncia de bronquiolite durante o primeiro ano de vida. M?todos: Seguimento por 1 ano ap?s a alta de lactentes nascidos com 35 semanas ou menos de gesta??o, com diagn?stico cl?nico dos epis?dios de bronquiolite. Avaliou-se a fun??o pulmonar em dois momentos, antes de 6 meses de vida e ao final do estudo, pela t?cnica de compress?o tor?cica r?pida a partir de volumes elevados. Resultados: No primeiro teste, a capacidade vital for?ada n?o apresentou correla??o com as vari?veis perinatais, enquanto os fluxos expirat?rios (FEF50, FEF75, FEF25-75, VEF0,5, VEF05/CVF) apresentaram correla??o positiva com a idade gestacional (p<0,01). Dos 57 lactentes acompanhados por 1 ano, 81% apresentaram algum epis?dio de bronquiolite, com uma m?dia de 0,2 epis?dios/m?s de seguimento. Os lactentes que apresentaram 2 ou mais epis?dios de bronquiolite durante o seguimento, quando comparados com os que tiveram nenhum ou 1 epis?dio, apresentavam significativa redu??o de fluxos expirat?rios no primeiro exame. N?o foi detectada associa??o entre bronquiolite e fun??o pulmonar com um ano de vida. A velocidade de crescimento pulmonar n?o esteve associada a ocorr?ncia ou n?mero de epis?dios de bronquiolite, aleitamento materno ou outras vari?veis do estudo. Conclus?es: Os resultados sugerem uma associa??o entre redu??o de fun??o pulmonar nos primeiros meses de vida e bronquiolite durante o 1? ano em lactentes prematuros.
Hartmann, Francine. "Surfactante pulmonar : avalia??o e terapia na bronquiolite viral aguda grave." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2015. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/6127.
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Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico - CNPq
Objectives: To evaluate the response to surfactant of patients with acute bronchiolitis (AB) according the surfactant function and production, measured through the stable microbubble test and the lamellar body count. Study Design: Twenty four patients younger than 1 year of age, with the diagnosis of AB, who were in mechanical ventilation and received 100 mg of surfactant, according with the stablished routine by the pediatric intensive care unit, were studied. Previously to the administration, tracheal secretion was collected for virus identification, stable microbubble test and lamellar body count. Arterial blood gases were obtained. One hour, 6 hours and 24 hours after of surfactant administration arterial blood gases were again collected. Results: There was a 20% increase in PaO2 24 hours after surfactant administration in 2 (14.29%) of 14 patients with lamellar bodies ? 60.000 and in 5 (50%) of 10 patients with>60.000 lamellar bodies (p=0.08). Six (46.15%) of 13 patients with ?13 microbubbles and one (9.09%) of 11 patients with>13 microbubbles had an increase in PaO2>20% after 24 hours of administration (p=0.08). Only 2 patients of 7 who responded to surfactant, had respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) positive. The patients with lamellar bodies ? 60.000 had a statistically significant increase in oxygenation after 6 hours of surfactant administration, not associated to a reduction of mechanical ventilation time or hospitalization time. The patients without positive RSV had a substantial increase in PaO2 after one hour after the administration of surfactant, that was maintained for 24 hours. Conclusion: The surfactant administration transiently improved oxygenation in patients with AVB. Patients who had no positive respiratory syncytial virus had an important improvement in oxygenation after administration of exogenous surfactant. LBC and SMT are not sufficiently sensitive and specific to predict who the patients with severe bronchiolitis responding to treatment with exogenous surfactant.
Objetivos: Avaliar a resposta ? administra??o de surfactante ex?geno de pacientes com bronquiolite viral aguda (BVA) grave conforme a fun??o e produ??o de surfactante, medida atrav?s do teste das microbolhas est?veis (TME) e da contagem de corpos lamelares (CCL). M?todos: Foram estudados 24 pacientes, menores de 1 ano de idade, com diagn?stico de BVA grave, que estavam em ventila??o mec?nica e receberam 100mg/kg de surfactante ex?geno, de acordo com a rotina estabelecida pela da unidade de tratamento intensivo pedi?trico (UTIP). Previamente ? administra??o, foi coletado uma amostra de secre??o traqueal para identifica??o de v?rus, realiza??o da contagem de corpos lamelares e do teste das microbolhas est?veis. Foi obtido sangue arterial para gasometria. Uma hora, 6horas e 24horas ap?s a administra??o de surfactante foi coletado novamente sangue arterial para gasometria. Resultados: Houve aumento de 20% na PaO2ap?s 24 horas da administra??o de surfactante em 2 (14,29%) de 14 pacientes com corpos lamelares ? 60.000 e em 5 (50%) de 10 pacientes com >60.000 corpos lamelares (p=0,08). Seis (46,15%) de 13 pacientes com ?13 microbolhas e 01 (9,09%) de 11 pacientes com >13 microbolhas tiveram um aumento na PaO2>20% ap?s 24 horas da administra??o (p=0,08). Apenas 2 pacientes dos 7 que responderam ao surfactante ex?geno, tinham v?rus sincicial respirat?rio (VSR) positivo. Os pacientes com >60.000 corpos lamelares tiveram um aumento estatisticamente significativo da oxigena??o ap?s 6 horas do uso de surfactante, n?o associado a redu??o do tempo de ventila??o e interna??o. Os pacientes sem VSR positivo tiveram um aumento substancial da PaO2arterial ap?s 1 hora de administra??o do surfactante, que se manteve por 24 horas Conclus?o: A administra??o de surfactante melhora transitoriamente a oxigena??o dos pacientes com BVA. Os pacientes que n?o tinham v?rus sincicial respirat?rio positivo tiveram uma importante melhora imediata na oxigena??o ap?s o uso de surfactante ex?geno. A CCL e o TME n?o se mostraram suficientemente sens?veis e espec?ficos para predizer quem s?o os pacientes com bronquiolite grave que responder?o ? terapia com surfactante ex?geno.
Paludo, Juliana. "Calorimetria indireta em crianças e adolescentes com bronquiolite obliterante pós-infecciosa." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/26128.
Full textObjectives: To quantify energy expenditure in children and adolescents with post-infectious obliterans bronchiolitis (OB) receiving outpatient pediatric pulmonology care and compare them with healthy children and adolescents. Methods: Cross-sectional study with control group including 72 children and adolescents aged 8-18 years. Two groups of 36 individuals were compared – one diagnosed with OB and another healthy – which were paired as to gender, age, and body mass index classification. Anthropometry and body composition were used for nutritional assessment. Energy expenditure was measured by indirect calorimetry, activity factor was assessed through 24-hour recall, and energy intake was measured by nutrition surveys. Results: The following results are respectively presented to the OB group and to the control group: age (11.8 ± 2.7) and (12.3 ± 2.8); body mass index (18.9 ± 4.0 Kg/m2) and (18.8 ± 3.4 Kg/m2); resting energy expenditure (REE) (1717.6 ± 781.5) and (2019.9 ± 819); total energy expenditure (TEE) (2677.5 ± 1514.0 Kcal/day) and (3396.1 ± 1557.9 Kcal/day); energy intake estimate (2294.1 ± 746.7 Kcal/day) and (2116.5 ± 612.1 Kcal/day). REE and TEE were not statistically different between groups (p=0.102; p=0.051). REE was not statistically different even when adjusted for lean mass (p=0.116). REE is associated with lean mass (r=0.490; p<0.001) – the higher the lean mass, the higher the energy expenditure. There were no statistically significant differences between TEE and energy expenditure in the OB group (p=0.202). The control group had an average intake 1279.6 Kcal lower than that predicted by TEE (p<0.001). There was a statistically significant difference between energy expenditure measured by indirect calorimetry and that estimated by prediction equations. All prediction equations underestimated energy needs. Conclusion: REE and TEE weresimilar between groups. Energy intake estimate in the healthy children and adolescents was lower than TEE. Results suggest that all prediction equations used in this study underestimated the energy needs when compared with indirect calorimetry.
Mattiello, Rita. "Avaliação cardiorrespiratória em crianças e adolescentes com bronquiolite obliterante pós-infecciosa." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/12637.
Full textObjective: To assess the physical conditioning of children and adolescents with Post Infectious Bronchiolitis Obliterans (PIBO) through cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET). Methods: 20 children with PIBO, in follow-up at an outpatient clinic carried out CPET, six minute walking test (6MWT) and pulmonary function tests (PFT), following ATS/ACCP e ATS guidelines, respectively. Results were expressed as percentage of predicted reference values: Armstrong’s for CPET, Geiger’s for 6MWT, Knudson’s for spirometry, and Zapletal’s for plethysmography.Results: Means ± SD were: for age, 11,4 ± 2,2 years; weight: 36,8 ± 12,3 kg; height: 143,8 ± 15,2 cm; BMI: 17,6 ± 3,0. Gender: 70% boys. When compared to reference values, PFT had lower forced flows (spirometry) and increased volumes (plethysmography). CPET had 11 patients with reduced VO2peak values (< 80% predicted) and had normal VO2LV (VO2peak40%). An increased VE/MVV ratio was observed in 68% of patients. The mean distance (6MWT) was 77,0 ± 15,7% of predicted (512 ± 102 m). VO2peak did not correlate with 6MWT; however, it did correlate with FVC(L) (r=0,90/p=0,00), with FEV1(L) (r=0,86/p=0,00) and with RV/TLC (r=-0,71/p=0,02). When in percentage of predicted, with RV/TLC (r=-0,63/ p=0,00). Conclusions: This study shows that PIOB patients have lower oxygen consumption values when compared to the reference population. They also showed a diminished pulmonary reserve which might have contributed to that exercise limitation.
Sánchez, Leticia Beatriz. "Bronquiolite obliterante e infecção por citomegalovirus em pacientes transplantados de pulmão." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/116784.
Full textIntroduction: About half of patients with lung transplantation die up to five years after the procedure. The falls are related to the immediate postoperative complexities, bacterial or fugal infections, and rarely to rejection episodes of difficult control. Later, chronic rejection under of bronchiolitis obliterans emerges as additional cause. Aim: The present study objectives perform an analysis of the association between infection by CMV, chronic rejection and the development of bronchiolitis obliterans in patients with lung transplantation, submitted to universal prophylaxis with intravenous ganciclovir for five years. Methodology: Study of historical cohort, carried out in Complexo Hospitalar Santa Casa de Porto Alegre, a tertiary hospital with 1200 beds, Reference Center in Latin America for Solid Organs Transplantation. The patients were submitted to lung transplant between March 1999 and February 2004, all receiving a triple program of immunossupressive drugs (prednisone, azathioprine and cyclosporine), or an alternative program determined by the impossibility of use of that drugs. After the transplant, a prophylactic universal protocol was implemented with intravenous ganciclovir (10 mg/kg/day) for 3 weeks, following the administration of 5 mg/kg/day for 3-5 weeks, independently of prior CMV receptor serology. CMV infection was defined as pp65 CMV detection in granulocytes through the monoclonal-antibody method (Clonab-Biotest, Germany), and the positive results were reported as number of positive cells per serum circulating granulocytes. The patients were weekly monitored for pp65 blood antigen by the first 3-12 weeks post transplantation, and after at each 15 days for 12 months. Other tests were performed on clinical evidence of infection. The diagnosis of bronchiolitis obliterans (BO) was settled according to the clinical classification of the bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) of the International Lung-Heart Transplantation Society (1993), and/or by pathologic examination of material obtained through transbronchial or open lung biopsy. Results: During the study period (1999 – Feb 2004) 106 lung transplants were performed in the Institution. Of them, 24 (22.5%) were excluded for first month mortality, and another 10 that were cases of inter-vivo transplants. Most of the remaining 72 patients submitted to the final analysis were male (65.9%); the mean age that whole group was 51.2 years (7-72 years). Only 38,5% of the patients with CMV infection developed BO – a non significant number. However, cases of BO significantly associated to acute rejection episodes (in 59,9%). The female sex (either of receptor or donor) was correlated to a lower BO occurrence (34.2%). Conclusions: The number of CMV infections did not was associated to the emergence of bronchiolitis obliterans in patients submitted to lung transplantation. The development of chronic rejection, in form of bronchiolitis obliterans, however, was directly associated to the number of acute rejection episodes, to the basic lung disease, particularly enfisema, to the post transplantation survival time, and to a longer time in wait list. In was observed that female sex may be a protection factor against BO development.
Cunha, Laura Severo da. "Avaliação da tolerância ao exercício através do teste da caminhada de seis minutos em crianças com bronquiolite obliterante pós-infecciosa e crianças saudáveis." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/7247.
Full textDrews, Anna Cláudia. "Características citológicas do escarro induzido em crianças com asma atópica e não-atópica no Sul do Brasil." Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10923/4658.
Full textIntroduction: Induced sputum (IS) is a useful non-invasive method to evaluate lower airway inflammation, the principal characteristic observed in asthmatic subjects. Asthma in adult patients is most times associated with allergy and these patients present eosinophilic inflammation in the airways as its main feature. Most children with asthma present non-allergic disease, and it is still not well defined wich is the predominant inflamatory profile in these cases. There are few studies comparing bronchial inflammation in these different asthma phenotypes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytological profile of IS in children with atopic and non-atopic asthma, compared with a healthy control group. Methods: Of children who participated in the ISAAC-Phase II study in Southern Brazil, had completed the respiratory disease questionary and had done skin prick tests for common allergens, a sub-group was alleatory selected. They represented two asthma phenotypes and a healthy control group, known as: atopic asthma (AA), non-atopic asthma (NAA), and non asthmatics/non-atopic (NANA, control group). Sputum was induced with 4. 5% hypertonic saline solution for all participating children; cytology profiles were compared among these the three groups. Results: Ninety children were selected to participate in this study and 76 children were included (28 AA, 29 NAA, and 19 NANA), with mean age of 13 (0. 97) years. Sputum was successfully induced in 55 (72. 3%) children (21 AA, 21 NAA, and 13 NANA). Demographic data and VEF1 mean were similar in the three groups. The median eosinophil (interquartile range) proportion was significantly higher in the sputum of AA [9 (14)], compared with both NAA [1 (2)], and NANA [0. 5 (1)], p<0. 001. The proportion of children with sputum eosinophilia (eos ³3%) was also significantly higher among the AA (81%), compared with the NAA (23. 8%) and the NANA (without any) (p<0. 001). The median neutrophil (interquartil range) was significantly higher in the sputum of NAA [18 (5. 6)], compared with AA [11 (2)], and NANA [13 (7)], p<0. 001. Conclusions: The results suggest that airway eosinophilia, as observed in adults, can be detected since pre-adolecence in children with atopic asthma. Children with non-atopic asthma did not present this inflammatory profile. In this group a higher proportion of neutrophil was observed.
Introdução: O escarro induzido (EI) é um método não-invasivo útil para avaliar a inflamação de vias aéreas inferiores, característica principal observada na asma. Sabe-se que em adultos a inflamação do tipo eosinofílica é a mais comumente encontrada, pois a maioria desses pacientes apresenta alergia como característica associada. Em crianças, observa-se um número significativo de asmáticos com características não-alérgicas e nestes casos ainda não está bem definido qual o padrão inflamatório predominante. Há poucos estudos comparando a inflamação brônquica entre estes diferentes fenótipos de asma. Nosso estudo teve como objetivo avaliar características citológicas do EI em crianças com asma atópica e não-atópica, comparando-as a um grupo controle sadio. Métodos: Dentre crianças que participaram da fase II do estudo ISAAC no sul do Brasil, que tinham respondido ao questionário de doenças respiratórias e haviam sido submetidas a testes cutâneos para alérgenos ambientais comuns, uma sub-amostra aleatória foi selecionada. Assim definiram-se grupos representando dois fenótipos clínicos de asma e um grupo controle de normais, a saber: asma atópica (AA), asma nãoatópica (ANA) e controles não-asmáticos/não-atópicos (NANA). Todas estas crianças tiveram escarro induzido através de solução salina a 4. 5% e as características citológicas foram comparadas entre os três grupos. Resultados: Noventa crianças foram selecionadas a participar do estudo, sendo incluídas setenta e seis crianças (28 AA, 29 ANA e 19 NANA), com média de idade de 13 (0. 97) anos. O escarro foi induzido com sucesso em 55 (72. 3%) crianças (21 AA, 21 ANA e 13 NANA). Os dados demográficos e a média do VEF1 foram similares nos três grupos. A mediana (intervalo interquartil) da proporção de eosinófilos foi significativamente superior no escarro dos AA [9 (14)], comparado aos ANA [1 (2)] e aos NANA [0. 5 (1)], p<0,001. A proporção de crianças com eosinofilia no escarro (eos ≥3%) foi também significativamente maior nos AA (81%) que nos ANA (23. 9%), e não houve nenhum caso entre os NANA (p<0,001). A mediana (intervalo interquartil) da contagem de neutrófilos foi significativamente maior no escarro dos ANA [18 (5. 6)], comparado aos AA [11 (2)] e aos NANA [(13 (7)], p<0. 001. Conclusões: Os resultados indicam que uma inflamação eosinofílica, assim como ocorre em pacientes adultos, pode ser detectada desde a pré-adolescência em crianças com asma atópica. Por outro lado, asmáticos não-atópicos não apresentam este perfil de resposta inflamatória, sendo neste grupo evidenciada uma maior proporção de neutrófilos.
Rubin, Fernanda Menezes. "Características clínicas e da saturação transcutânea de oxigênio em lactentes hospitalizados com diagnóstico de bronquiolite viral aguda em oxigenoterapia por cateter extranasal." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/3087.
Full textObjective – To describe the clinical characteristics of 1 to 12-month-old infants diagnosed with acute viral bronchiolitis (AVB) in the first days of hospitalization as well as to check if the oxygen desaturation time (DT) has prognostic value in such patients. Methodology – Cohort study done from May to October 2001 with 111 patients of 1 to 12 months of age at the Santo Antônio Children’s Hospital, Porto Alegre (RS), with AVB diagnosis upon admission, oxygen transcutaneous saturation of hemoglobin (HbSat) lower than 95% and in oxygen therapy through external nasal catheter for less than 24 hours. Severity was checked through length of stay , duration of oxygen therapy and time to reach 95% saturation in room air. Clinical checkups were done twice a day (morning and afternoon) during the time the patients needed additional oxygen (until oxygen transcutaneous saturation of 95% in room air was achieved), with a limit of ten checkups. The additional oxygen was removed from patients, and oxygen saturation checking was maintained. To check the desaturation time (DT90 and DT85), oxigen therapy was suspended for a maximum of five minutes. A severity score was developed with the recorded clinical signs. The χ2 Test - or Fisher Exact Test – was used in order to compare the groups of categorical variables, and Test t – or Mann-Whitney – for numerical variables. The Spearman correlation was used in order to evaluate associations in continuous variables of asymmetric distribution (severity score, lenght of stay (LOS), duration of oxygen therapy, and time to reach 95% saturation in room air. Results – There was a slight higher number of males (54%), the majority were under 4 months (61,3%), higher prevalency in June and July, high frequency of prematurity (23%) and of low birth weight (14%). Most clinical manifestations prior to hospitalization (shortness of breath, wheezing, fever and apnoea) had happened within three days of admission. Out of the population studied, 45% had had previous wheezing history, most of them with one or two reported episodes (31,5%). Such patients were analyzed separately and had similar results to the group with AVB. The frequency of moderate and severe malnutrition, except for the premature babies, was of 26 patients (23%). All patients had bronchodilators; 20% of the AVB group had given systemic corticorteroids, and 47% of the population were given antibiotics. The median of oxygen use in patients with AVB was 4,4 days (IQI 70,2–165,2) and duration of oxygen therapy until 95% saturation in room air was 3,4 days (IQI 55-128). The median lenght of stay was 7 days (IQI 5-10,5) in patients with AVB; in this aspect there was a difference (p=0,041) in relation to the group with previous history of wheezing, who had a longer LOS (9 days, IQI 5-12). Little clinical variability was observed in the period studied through the application of clinical score. There were no significant statistic correlations between the clinical scores and the DTs and the outcomes. Conclusion – DTs as an aid in the examination of AVB patients on oxygen therapy were not clinically useful in this study. It is possible, however, to achieve better results in the examination of patients with greater clinical differences.
Grilo, Marta Carrão. "Cuidados de enfermagem de reabilitação respiratória à criança com bronquiolite e família." Master's thesis, [s.n.], 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.26/15842.
Full textA bronquiolite é uma doença infeciosa comum até aos dois anos de idade que afeta 70 a 80 % das crianças e que provoca inflamação aguda, edema e necrose das células epiteliais que revestem pequenas vias aéreas, aumento da produção de muco e broncospasmo. Esta doença manifesta-se por rinite, taquipneia, sibilância, tosse, crepitações, uso dos músculos acessórios na respiração e/ou adejo nasal. Os cuidados de reabilitação respiratória nas crianças com o diagnóstico de bronquiolite são justificados pelos seus sinais e sintomas. O tema “Cuidados de Enfermagem de Reabilitação Respiratória à Criança com Bronquiolite e Família” surgiu da necessidade de adquirir competências na área da reabilitação respiratória pediátrica, com o objetivo destes cuidados fazerem parte da minha vida profissional como futura Enfermeira Especialista em Enfermagem de Reabilitação. A Reabilitação Respiratória em pediatria é um desafio que exige um programa adaptado às doenças e complicações, ao desenvolvimento e maturidade pulmonar, à fase de desenvolvimento psicomotor da criança e à sua família. Os cuidados de Reeducação Funcional Respiratória no tratamento da bronquiolite são controversos, restringidos por uns autores e largamente utilizados por outros. Durante o ensino clínico verifiquei que as crianças melhoram a sua função respiratória através de técnicas que permitem aumentar a permeabilidade das vias aéreas. As técnicas mais utilizadas, até aos dois anos de idade, são a drenagem postural clássica ou modificada com associação de percussões e vibrações, a tosse provocada e a aspiração de secreções nasofaríngeas. Tendo em conta a dimensão torácica das crianças as manobras acessórias são adaptadas, as percussões são realizadas com a mão em formato de concha mas sem encerrar a totalidade dos dedos como no adulto ou com a ponta de dois dedos, e as vibrações são realizadas recorrendo a brinquedos que têm esta funcionalidade.
Almeida, Junior Armando Augusto. "Monitorização respiratoria de lactentes com bronquiolite viral aguda em ventilação mecanica invasiva." [s.n.], 2006. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/310000.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas
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Resumo: Técnicas de monitorização da função respiratória são recursos importantes no diagnóstico e seguimento das doenças pulmonares em pacientes em ventilação mecânica invasiva (VMI). O presente estudo propiciou a realização de dois trabalhos com os seguintes objetivos: 1)Avaliar a associação entre tempo de VMI, variáveis antropométricas, clínicas e de função pulmonar, precocemente, em lactentes com insuficiência respiratória aguda (IRA) por bronquiolite viral aguda (BVA) em VMI, e a evolução temporal das variáveis significativamente correlacionadas; 2) Avaliar a associação entre a relação VD/VT e variáveis da função pulmonar, precocemente medidas nestes lactentes. Métodos: Realizou-se um estudo clinico, do tipo coorte prospectivo com 29 lactentes em VMI por IRA com diagnóstico clínico de BVA, admitidos na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Pediátrica do Hospital de Clínicas da Universidade Estadual de Campinas no período de abril de 2001 a abril de 2004. Todos os pacientes tiveram os valores de mecânica pulmonar e capnografia medidos com aparelho CO2SMO Plus. Resultados: 1) O tempo de VMI apresentou correlação positiva, medida pela correlação de Spearman (rs), significativa com a PaCO2 (rs= 0,45, p= 0,01) e com o índice de ventilação (rs= 0,51, p= 0,005), e negativa com o pH (rs= -0,40, p= 0,03). Índice de ventilação com valor de 37, avaliado do primeiro ao quinto dia, foi associado a risco progressivamente aumentado de tempo de VMI maior que sete dias (OR= 4,2 no primeiro dia a 15,71 no quarto dia). 2) As seguintes variáveis mostraram uma associação significante com VD/VT: PaO2 (rs=-0.63, p < 0.001), PaO2/FiO2 (rs= -0.56, p= 0.002), PaO2/PAO2 (rs= -0.46, p = 0.012), P(A-a)O2/PaO2 (rs= -0.46, p= 0.012), PaCO2 (rs= 0.51, p= 0.005), VCO2 (rs= -0,69, p < 0,001), índice de oxigenação (rs= -0.48, p= 0.009), índice de ventilação (rs= -0.53, p= 0.003). Encontrou-se associação estatisticamnete significativa entre um aumento do VD/VT e a gravidade da lesão pulmonar definida por PaO2/FiO2 < 200 (p= 0.03, Mann-Whitney). Conclusões: 1) Índice ventilatório, PaCO2 e pH, precocemente medidos, foram associados com tempo prolongado em ventilação mecânica, refletindo a gravidade do distúrbio ventilatório e necessidade de suporte. 2) VD/VT associou-se fortemente com variáveis que representam a relação ventilação/perfusão. A correlação negativa com as variáveis de oxigenação arterial, índice de oxigenação e índice ventilatório sugere associação entre VD/VT e a gravidade da injúria pulmonar
Abstract: Respiratory function monitoring techniques are important in the diagnosis ant follow-up of pulmonary diseases in patients on invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV). The present study comprehended two trials with the following objectives: 1) To evaluate the association between time on mechanical ventilation and anthropometric data, clinical and pulmonary function variables, measured early, in infants on IMV with acute respiratory failure due to acute viral bronchiolitis (AVB), and the temporal progression of variables with significant correlations. 2) To evaluate the association between dead space/tidal volume ratio (VD/VT) and pulmonary function variables early evaluated in infants on IMV with acute respiratory failure due to AVB. Methods: A prospective cohort study was done, enrolling 29 infants on IMV with AVB, admitted to the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit of the State University of Campinas Hospital, from April, 2001 to April, 2004. All patients had pulmonary mechanics and capnography values measured with the Co2SMO Plus device. Results: 1) Time on mechanical ventilation showed a significant positive correlation, calculated using Spearman's correlation coefficient (rs), with PaCO2 (rs= 0.45, p= 0.01) and ventilation index (rs= 0.51, p= 0.005), and a negative correlation with pH (rs= -0.40, p= 0.03). A ventilation index of 37, measured between day one and day five, was associated with a progressively increased risk of more than 7 days on mechanical ventilation (OR= 4.2 on the first day to 15.71 on the fourth day). 2) The following variables showed a statistically significant association with VD/VT: PaO2 (rs= -0.63, p < 0.001), PaO2/FiO2 (rs= -0.56, p= 0.002), PaO2/PAO2 (rs= -0.46, p= 0.012), P(A-a)O2/PaO2 (rs= -0.46, p= 0.012), PaCO2 (rs= 0.51, p= 0.005), VCO2 for breath (rs= -0,69, p < 0,001), oxygenation index (rs= -0.48, p= 0.009), ventilation index (rs= -0.53, p= 0.003). A statistically significant association was found between increased VD/VT and severity of lung injury, defined as PaO2/FiO2 < 200 (p= 0.03, Mann-Whitney). Conclusions: 1) Ventilation index, PaCO2 and pH, measured early, were associated with prolonged mechanical ventilation, reflecting the ventilatory disturbance severity and the need of mechanical respiratory support. 2) VD/VT has a strong association with variables which represent ventilation/perfusion relationship. The negative correlation with arterial oxigenation variables, oxygenation index and ventilatory index suggests an association between VD/VT and severity of lung injury
Mestrado
Pediatria
Mestre em Saude da Criança e do Adolescente
Bosa, Vera Lúcia. "Avaliação nutricional de crianças e adolescentes portadores de bronquiolite obliterante pós-infecciosa." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/13565.
Full textPost-infectious bronchiolitis obliterans (BO) is the result of aggression suffered by the epithelium of the lower respiratory tract and which obstructs the distal airways. Authors state that, in addition to early diagnosis of BO, aggressive treatment of infections and oxygen therapy, an appropriate nutritional plan is also important to favorable clinical evolution in this disease. The objective of the present study was to assess the nutritional status of children and adolescents with BO and to analyze associations with clinical and nutritional factors. A cross-sectional study was carried out of children (<10 years) and adolescents (10-18 years) in outpatients follow-up with a clinical/tomographic diagnosis of BO. The nutritional status of the children was determined using z scores for weight for age (ZWA), height for age (ZHA) and weight for height (ZWH), and for the adolescents, ZHA was analyzed together with the distribution of Body Mass Index (BMI) percentiles. For those aged ≤ 5 years, indices were assessed on the basis of the World Health Organization reference standards (WHO, 2006), and, from 5 years onwards, the Centers for Disease Control references were adopted (CDC, 2000). Body composition was evaluated according to the references published in Frisancho, 1990, where tricipital skinfolds (TSF), subscapular skinfolds (SSF) and the sum of the two (STSSF) were used to gauge body fat reserves and the muscular circumference of the arm (MCA) was used to gauge muscle reserves. Dietary intake was identified using a 24-hour dietary recall (24HDR). Pulmonary function was evaluated in patients over 8 years old, using spirometry and a 6-minute walking test (6WT). Of note in the nutritional status assessment was the high percentage of individuals with malnutrition and/or at risk of malnutrition, 21.7% and 17.5% respectively. The percentage of overweight patients was 8.8% and the percentage of obesity was 10.5%. When broken down by age group, it was observed that among the children WA and HA detected higher percentages of malnutrition, 21.6% and 16.2% respectively, while WH underestimated malnutrition diagnoses. Among the adolescents, application of the BMI demonstrated a high percentage of patients with malnutrition (25%) and at risk from malnutrition (20%). With relation to body composition, 51% of the individuals exhibited malnutrition in terms of low muscle reserves, estimated using the MCA, and the majority of patients exhibited fat reserves within the limits of normality, when assessed according to TSF, SSF and STSSF (68.4%, 64.9% and 63.2%, respectively). With relation to nutritional intake, half of the patients reported an energy intake below the recommended level. The pulmonary function assessment revealed a high percentage of moderate (53.5%) and severe (28.5%) obstructive disorders (Spirometry VEF1%), and, the majority of patients (59.2%) had worse performance at the exercise test (6WT) than the reference figures. The compromised pulmonary function indicated by the VEF1% was associated with weaker performance at exercise, as indicated by the 6WT (r=0.434; p=0.024). Diagnoses of malnutrition and/or nutritional risk, and also low muscle reserves, exhibited significant associations with the 6WT results (p=0.032; p=0.030). No association was observed between pulmonary function, assessed by VEF1%, and nutritional variables (nutritional status, body composition, nutritional intake). These results suggest the need for nutritional intervention, and it can also be observed that, in addition to using weight and height indices, it is necessary to combine these with an analysis of body composition, so that a larger number of patients with malnutrition and/or at an increased risk of developing malnutrition may be identified and correctly managed.
Furlan, Silvana Piazza. "Qualidade de vida em crianças e adolescentes com bronquiolite obliterante pós-infecciosa." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/14048.
Full textObjective: It aims at evaluating the quality of life in patients with postinfectious bronchiolitis obliterans (PBO) comparing their quality of life scores to the ones of healthy children. Also, at verifying the associations between the quality of life scores and the lung functioning data of PBO children. It also has the objective of describing the socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of children who were involved in the study. It aims at evaluating the psychometrical properties of the questionnaire by its reliability and validity. Methodology: After the accomplishment of ethical demands, the data about quality of life were obtained by means of the Pediatric Quality of Life (PedsQL) 4.0 generic questionnaire. It was applied in two occasions, to 31 PBO children and 80 healthy ones, between 8 and 17 years of age, of both genders. The data were submitted to the Student’s t-test and Pearson’s linear correlation. The psychometric properties of the questionnaire were assessed by the minimum important difference, by Cronbach’s α and the intraclass correlation. Results: The average age of PBO children was 11.2 ± 2.2, 67.7% were boys, with an average of 4.3 ± 2.2 years of studies, 77.4% were eutrophic and with an average of 45% of FEV1 in spirometry. In relation to the quality of life, there was a difference in the total average of scores and in the respective domains between the groups, but they were not statistically meaningful differences. Concerning the psychometric properties of the questionnaire, Cronbach’s α was ≥ 0.7 in the total score and in the physical, psychosocial and social domains of children with PBO and only in the psychosocial one in the healthy children. The reproductibility of the questionnaire was globally ≥ 0.7 and in all domains for both groups. Conclusions: There were no differences in quality of life of PBO children in relation to the healthy ones. In its condition of generic questionnaire, PedsQL 4.0 showed to be reliable and therefore applicable as a complementary element in the follow-up of these children’s health.
Mota, Cidália Isabel Leão Machado dos Santos. "Efeitos da fisioterapia respiratória no tratamento de latentes com bronquiolite: revisão sistemática." Bachelor's thesis, [s.n.], 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/3186.
Full textObjetivo: Averiguar os efeitos do tratamento de Fisioterapia Respiratória em lactentes com Bronquiolite Viral Aguda (BVA). Metodologia: Pesquisa computadorizada nas bases de dados Pubmed/Medline, B-on e PEDro para identificar estudos, que através da prática clínica avaliem a intervenção da Fisioterapia na BVA. Resultados: Nesta revisão foram incluídos 10 estudos; sendo que destes 8 são estudos experimentais e 2 são estudos quase-experimentais, envolvendo 858 pacientes, com classificação metodológica de média aritmética 6,1 na escala de PEDro. Dos estudos incluídos nesta revisão, 8 avaliaram a desobstrução brônquica, 4 têm em conta a desinsuflação pulmonar, e 4 referem-se ao tempo de internamento. Conclusões: A evidência consultada nesta revisão sistemática sugere que a Fisioterapia respiratória apresenta efeitos importante no tratamento da BVA, nomeadamente através a utilização de técnicas manuais atuais. Sugere-se novas investigações sobre o tratamento de Fisioterapia Respiratória de modo a que haja uma maior validação desta prática, devendo incluir um desenho metodológico adequado para que se obtenha uma base científica sólida. Objective: Investigate the effects of the treatment of Respiratory Physiotherapy in infants with acute viral bronchiolitis (AVB). Methodology: Research in computerized databases PubMed / Medline, PEDro and B-on to identify studies that assess clinical practice through the intervention of physiotherapy in the AVB. Results: This review included 10 studies, of which 8 are these two studies are experimental and almost-experimental studies, involving 858 patients, rated methodological arithmetic mean of 6.1 on the PEDro scale. Of the studies included in this review, 8 evaluated the bronchial clearance, 4 take into account the lung deflation, and 4 refer to the time of admission. Conclusions: The evidence found in this systematic review suggests that respiratory physiotherapy has important effects in the treatment of AVB, particularly through the use of current manual techniques. It is suggested further research into the treatment of Respiratory Physiotherapy so that there is a further validation of this practice, and should include an appropriate methodological designs in order to obtain a sound scientific basis.
Tomikawa, Silvia Onoda. "Evolução de pacientes pediátricos com bronquiolite obliterante submetidos à pulsoterapia com metilprednisolona endovenosa." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5141/tde-03092010-095518/.
Full textIntroduction: bronchiolitis obliterans (BO) is a rare chronic lung disease that occurs after a serious injury to the lower respiratory tract and results in narrowing or complete obliteration of small airways. There are several possible etiologies, but in children the disease is usually post-infectious. The basic treatment is supportive, since there are no proven effective treatment measures. There are evidences, based on animal studies, that the use of corticosteroids in the initial phase of the disease could modify the progression, reversing the inflammatory activity, particularly the deposition of fibroblasts. The pulse therapy is used to reduce the side effects of prolonged systemic administration of oral corticosteroids, and it is an alternative for patients with more severe disease. Objectives: to evaluate clinical, laboratory, radiological and pulmonary function data in pediatric patients with bronchiolitis obliterans who underwent pulse therapy with methylprednisolone, before and after the procedure, and to demonstrate that clinical improvement occurs, considering the degree of hypoxemia, number of pulmonary exacerbations, pulmonary function, number of hospitalizations, prolonged use of oral corticosteroids and its complications. Also to evaluate the side effects and complications of treatment. Methods: we evaluated 40 children aged up to 18 years, of both sexes, followed up on the Pediatric Pulmonology Division of the Instituto da Criança do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, diagnosed with bronchiolitis obliterans by clinical data and CT and/or lung biopsy, and who underwent intravenous methylprednisolone pulse therapy for a minimum period of six months. Nonparametric tests for repeated measures (Friedman, Wilcoxon) were used to statistical analysis, and for multiple comparisons Dunns post test was performed, significance level = 5%. Results: there was a decrease in the number of pulmonary exacerbations comparing the period 6 months before the pulse therapy and 24 months after the beginning of the pulse therapy (p = 0.0042). There was a decrease in the number of hospitalizations comparing the period 6 months before the pulse therapy and 18 months after (p <0.0001). Oxygen saturation improved by comparing the period 6 months before and first year (p = 0.0002) and second year (p = 0.0005) after. There were an increase in height and weight, comparing the beginning and the end of pulse therapy: score Z increased from -1.08 to -0.63 (p = 0.015) and from -0.91 to -0.59 (p = 0.039) respectively. From 23 patients on xiv continuous oral corticosteroid therapy, it was discontinued in 20 (87%). From 20 patients on home oxygen therapy, it was completely discontinued in 6 patients. Conclusions: methylprednisolone pulse therapy can be effective in the treatment of patients with bronchiolitis obliterans, with decrease of pulmonary exacerbations and hospitalizations numbers, withdrawal of continuous corticosteroid therapy and home oxygen therapy in a significant proportion of patients
Leitão, Lidiane Alves de Azeredo. "Relação entre polimorfismos de IL-8 e a gravidade da bronquiolite viral aguda." Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10923/5481.
Full textIntroduction : almost all infants present infection by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) up to 2 years of age. However, the severity of acute viral bronchiolitis (AVB) can vary significantly. This variability may be caused by genetic and immunological factors. Previous studies have shown that RSV-infected airway contains high levels of interleukin 8 (IL-8). The knowledge of genetic polymorphisms associated with severe AVB may have clinical relevance, identifying patients with high-risk for severe AVB. Methods : We included infants admitted to the pediatric emergency of Hospital Sao Lucas (HSL) da PUCRS with AVB, aged less than 12 months, in the period between september 2009 to september 2011; and infants of the same age who did not have had AVB, recruited from the primary care center Bom Jesus. Samples were collected from capillary blood. DNA was extracted for genotyping of two polymorphisms (SNPs rs2227543 and rs2227307) in the IL-8 gene. Results : In the final genetic association sample, we included 115 cases and 64 controls. There was no significant deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The SNP rs2227543 showed significant protection for AVB, with lower frequency of homozygous TT patients in the control group (OR 0. 25: CI 0. 10 to 0. 65). However, rs2227307 showed no association with AVB. Conclusion : This finding, together with the analysis of previous studies, suggests that the IL-8 polymorphism rs2227543 is associated with protection of the AVB and directly influences the severity of AVB in these infants.
Introdução : Até os 2 anos de idade, praticamente, todos os lactentes apresentam infecção por vírus sincicial respiratório (VSR). Entretanto, a gravidade da bronquiolite viral aguda (BVA) pode variar significativamente. Essa grande variação pode ser causada por fatores genéticos e imunológicos. Estudos prévios indicam que vias aéreas infectadas por VSR contêm níveis elevados de interleucina-8 (IL-8). O conhecimento de polimorfismos genéticos associados à BVA grave pode ter grande relevância clínica, identificando pacientes de alto risco.Métodos : Foram incluídos lactentes internados na emergência pediátrica do Hospital São Lucas (HSL) da PUCRS com BVA, idade menor de 12 meses, no período entre setembro de 2009 a setembro de 2011, e lactentes da mesma faixa etária que não apresentaram BVA, recrutados junto ao Centro de Saúde Bom Jesus (CSBJ). Foram coletadas amostras de sangue capilar. Desse material, foi extraído DNA utilizado para genotipagem de 2 polimorfismos (SNPs rs2227543 e rs2227307) do gene IL-8.Resultados : Fazem parte da análise final do estudo de associação genética 115 casos e 64 controles. Não foi observado nenhum desvio significativo pelo método do equilíbrio de Hardy-Weinberg. O SNP rs2227543 mostrou uma proteção significativa para BVA, apresentando frequência menor de homozigotos TT em pacientes do grupo controle (OR 0,25: IC 0,10 – 0,65). No entanto, a variação genética rs2227307 não demonstrou associação com a BVA. Conclusão : Esse achado, em conjunto com a análise de estudos prévios, sugere que o polimorfismo rs2227543 de IL-8 está associado à proteção da BVA e influencia diretamente a gravidade da BVA nessas crianças.
Bueno, Fernanda Umpierre. "Características e evolução de lactentes com bronquiolite viral aguda submetidos à ventilação mecânica." Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10923/4710.
Full textObjective: To characterize the respirator parameters used in children with acute viral bronchiolitis, submitted to mechanical ventilation, as to age and evolution. Methods: We performed a retrospective study, between March/2004 and September/ 2006, involving all infants (below the age of 12 months) submitted to mechanical ventilation for bronchiolitis at a pediatric intensive care unit which is a center of reference in Southern Brazil. We evaluated the evolution (presence of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome, mortality), interventions (transfusions, drugs), complications (pneumothorax) and respiratory parameters used throughout the mechanical ventilation period. Results: Fifty-nine infants (3. 8 ± 2. 7 months), 59% male were included. The mean length of time on mechanical ventilation was 9. 0 ± 9. 4 days. In 51 (86. 5%) the obstructive pattern of lower airways was observed until extubation. Mortality in this group was nil, with a low incidence of pneumothorax (7. 8%), despite the use of high peak inspiratory pressure (PIP), independent of age. Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome occurred in 8 infants (13. 5%), with 4 deaths and a higher incidence of pneumothorax. This group of patients used higher PIP, positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP), inspired oxygen fraction (FiO2) and respiratory frequency (RF) than those with an obstructive pattern. Conclusions: Acute viral bronchiolitis with an obstructive pattern presents nil mortality and a minimum rate of complications, and, in mechanical ventilation it is necessary to use high PEEP, low RF and FiO2, independent of age. The complications of this disease appear to be related to the development of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome, with a mortality of up to 50%.
Objetivo: Caracterizar os parâmetros de ventilação mecânica utilizados em crianças com bronquiolite viral aguda relacionando-os a idade e evolução. Métodos: Realizamos um estudo retrospectivo, entre março de 2004 e setembro de 2006, envolvendo todos os lactentes (menores de 12 meses) submetidos à ventilação mecânica por bronquiolite, em uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Pediátrica de referência, do Sul do Brasil. Avaliamos a evolução (presença de Síndrome do Desconforto Respiratório Agudo, mortalidade), intervenções (transfusões, drogas), complicações (pneumotórax) e parâmetros respiratórios utilizados durante todo o período de ventilação mecânica. Resultados: Foram incluídos 59 lactentes (3,8 ± 2,7 meses), 59% do sexo masculino. O tempo médio de ventilação foi de 9,0 ± 9,4 dias. Em 51 deles (86,5%), observou-se o padrão obstrutivo de vias aéreas inferiores até a extubação. A mortalidade, neste grupo, foi nula com baixa incidência de pneumotórax (7,8%), apesar do uso de pico de pressão inspiratória (PIP) elevado, independente da idade. A Síndrome do Desconforto Respiratório Agudo ocorreu em 8 lactentes (13,5%), havendo 4 óbitos e maior incidência de pneumotórax. Esse grupo de pacientes utilizou maiores PIP, pressão expiratória final positiva (PEEP), fração inspirada de oxigênio (FiO2) e freqüência respiratória (FR) do que aqueles com padrão obstrutivo. Conclusões: A bronquiolite viral aguda com padrão obstrutivo apresenta mortalidade nula e mínima incidência de complicações, necessitando utilizar na ventilação mecânica PEEP elevada e baixas FR e FiO2, independente da idade. As complicações desta patologia parecem estar relacionadas à evolução para Síndrome do Desconforto Respiratório Agudo, com uma mortalidade de até 50%.
Hartmann, Francine. "Avaliação da produção e função surfactante de lactentes com bronquiolite viral aguda grave." Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10923/4667.
Full textObjectives: To evaluate surfactant production and function through lamellar body count (LBC) and stable microbubble test (LBC) in infants with severe bronchiolitis in mechanical ventilation. Design: Controlled cross-sectionalstudy. Setting: Pediatric intensive care unit. Local: unidade de terapia intensiva pediátrica. Patients: Twenty seven infants on mechanical ventilation, with ≤12 months of age were included in the study. Sixteen infants with the diagnosis of bronchiolitis. Eleven patients with normal lungs, submitted to surgery or another medical condition, without pneumopathy detected, were used as controls. Interventions: Lung fluid was collected during routine tracheal aspiration. Lamellar body count was performed in an automated cell counter. Tracheal samples were kept frozen at -20ºC until thawed for testing after 48 to 96 hours. At the moment of the analysis the samples were placed in a dithiothreitol solution (10mg/ml) at a ratio of 1 part of tracheal aspirate to 6 parts of the solution, vortexed for 10 seconds, and aspirated by the cell counter. All results were multiplied by 7. Stable microbubble test was performed in a blinded way according to the method described by Pattle et al. Measurements: Lamellar body count and stable microbubble test. Main Results:In the bronchiolitis group LBC was significantly lower than in the control group: median (interquartile range) 130,000 (61,250 – 362,250) lamellar bodies (LB)/μL vs. 609,000 (322,000 – 917,000) LB/μL; p=0. 005. The SMT was also significantly lower in the bronchiolitis group: median (interquartile range) 10 (2 – 13) microbubbles (MBE)/mm2 vs. 304 (140 - 510) MBE/mm2; p<0. 001.Conclusions: The data suggest that infants with bronchiolitis have reduced surfactant production and function. We speculate that these simple tests could be evaluated for the possibility to identify infants with bronchiolitis who will benefit from surfactant replacement therapy
Objetivos: avaliar a produção e função surfactante através da contagem de corpos lamelares (CCL) e do teste das microbolhas estáveis (TME) em lactentes com bronquiolite viral aguda grave em ventilação mecânica. Delineamento: estudo transversal controlado. Pacientes: vinte e sete lactentes em ventilação mecânica, com ≤12 meses de idade foram incluídos no estudo. Dezesseis lactentes com diagnóstico de bronquiolite viral aguda. Onze pacientes com pulmões normais, submetidos a cirurgia ou outra condição médica, sem pneumopatia detectada, foram utilizados como controle. Mensurações: contagem de corpos lamelares e o teste das microbolhas estáveisIntervenções: o fluído pulmonar foi coletado durante a aspiração traqueal de rotina. CCL foi realizada por um contador de células automático. A amostra de secreção traqueal foi congelada a -20ºC até ser descongelado para realização do teste após 48-96 horas. No momento da análise, a amostra era colocada em uma solução de dithiothreitol (10mg/ml) em uma proporção de 1 parte do aspirado traqueal para 6 partes da solução, agitada em vórtex por 10 segundos, e aspirada pelo contador de células. O TME foi realizado de maneira cegada de acordo com o método descrito por Pattle et al. Resultados: no grupo bronquiolite a CCL era significativamente menor do que no grupo controle: mediana (intervalo interquartil) 130. 000 (61. 250 – 326. 250) corpos lamelares (CL)/μL vs. 609. 000 (322. 000 – 917. 000) CL/μL; p=0. 005. O TME também era significativamente menor no grupo bronquiolite: mediana (intervalo interquartil) 10 (2 - 13) microbolhas estáveis (MBE)/mm2 vs. 304 (140 - 510) MBE/mm2; p<0. 001.Conclusões: os dados sugerem que os lactentes com bronquiolite viral aguda grave apresentam diminuição na produção e função surfactante. Nós especulamos que estes testes simples poderiam avaliados para a possibilidade de identificar os lactentes com bronquiolite viral aguda que se beneficiariam com a terapia com surfactante.
Mattiello, Rita. "Caracterização da função pulmonar em crianças e adolescentes com bronquiolite obliterante pós-infecciosa." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/35037.
Full textAims: To characterize the lung function (LF) of children and adolescents with Post-Infectious Bronchiolitis Obliterans, to study risk factors for worst LF and to assess if abnormalities found in their chest computed tomographies (CT) from early years can anticipate LF a decade later. Methods: Seventy-seven children and adolescents from 8 to 18 years of age had their LF assessed by spirometry and plethysmography, including forced expiratory flows, lung volumes and airway resistance. Chest CT findings obtained within the first three years of life of twenty-one subjects were used to compare it with their actual LF (FEV1); a modified Bhalla score was used to assess chest CT. Poisson regression was used to estimate potential risk factors for worst LF as well as to estimate if worst CT findings could anticipate worst LF. Results: Lung function was characterized by a marked reduction in forced expiratory flows and as well as an important increase in residual volume and specific airway resistance, characteristic of an obstructive airway disease. None of the assessed risk factors was significantly associated to worst LF; CT findings showed a prevalence ratio of 1,17 (CI 95% 1,02 to 1,34; p=0,002) for worst LF a decade later. Conclusions: Children with PIBO have a marked impairment of their LF, characterized by an important obstruction of the airways and a substantial increase of residual volume and airway resistance. Known risk factors for respiratory disease did not seem to be related to worst LF, but CT findings from their first years of life seem to anticipate future LF.
Viecili, Raqueli Biscayno. "Evolução da função pulmonar em crianças e adolescentes com bronquiolite obliterante pós-infecciosa." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/143087.
Full textIntroduction: The Post-Infectious Bronchiolitis Obliterans (PIBO) is a rare and serious clinical syndrome characterized by persistent signs and symptoms of small airways’ chronic obstruction. Objectives: The objetive of this study is evaliate the evoluction of pulmonary function in a monitoring cohort of patients with PIBO from Porto Alegre, Brazil. Methods: Children, adolescents with PIBO, of both sexes were included, in long-term monitoring in pediatric pneumology clinics of Santo Antônio children’s hospital and Presidente Vargas maternal and child hospital, both from Porto Alegre, Brazil. Results: Regarding the analysis of the variables of pulmonar function, the global average of ten points analyzed in the time for each variable were: from CVF was 68,8% ± 17,7, from VEF1 was 48% ± 15, from VEF1/CVF was 66% ± 17 and from FEF25-75 was 25,4% ± 14. Lengthwise, we found that there was an statistical and clinical improvement, significant, from CVF (p=0,04). However, the variables VEF1 and the FEF25-75, which better reflect the osbstructive component, don’t show significant changes as statistically (p=0,708 and p=0,873 respectively) as clinically, keeping similar values in percentage of the predicted over time. The relation VEF1/CVF suffered a statistically significant change (p=0,015), clinically explained by the greatest improvement in CVF compared with VEF1. Conclusões: In conclusion, the results of our study suggest that, in children and adolescents with post-infectious bronchiolitis obliterans, the obstructive component of pulmonary function (FEV 1 and FEF 25-75) suffers few significant changes, deleterious or beneficial, over time. The forced vital capacity, on the other hand, suffers a progressive increase over time which can be of great importance as protective factor when start the physiological decline of pulmonary function in adult age.
Amaral, Andrea Costa Morais. "Prevalência dos distúrbios nutricionais em crianças e adolescentes com Bronquiolite obliterante pós-infecciosa." Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/BUBD-9DKG8G.
Full textObjetivos: rever a literatura sobre a avaliação nutricional em geral e os aspectos nutricionais específicos na bronquiolite obliterante (BO) pós-infecciosa em crianças e adolescentes. Fonte dos dados: foi realizada revisão não sistemática da literatura entre 1990 e 2012 nas bases de dados Medline/Pubmed, Lilacs e Ibecs, Biblioteca Cochrane e HighWare a partir dos descritores: bronquiolite obliterante, criança, adolescente, índice de massa corporal, composição corporal, estado nutricional e avaliação nutricional, todos seguidos de seus respectivos sinônimos em inglês e espanhol. Devido à importância histórica, foram incluídos artigos clássicos de nutrição como o de Tanner (1962), Gomes (1946), Waterllow (1972), Ariza-Macias (1972), Marcondes (1982) e Frisancho (1990). Os sites da Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS) e do Ministério da Saúde também foram pesquisados. Síntese dos dados: a avaliação do estado nutricional compõe-se de anamnese nutricional completa, incluindo a história da moléstia atual, os antecedentes familiares, o histórico alimentar, exames físico e laboratoriais e, principalmente, as medidas antropométricas, avaliação da composição corporal e identificação do estadiamento puberal. Entre as classificações mais utilizadas encontram-se as seguintes: National Center for Health Statistics, de 1977 (NCHS/1977), a de Santo André (1982), de Must et al. (1991), do Centers for Disease Control and Prevention de 2000 (CDC/2000), de Cole et al. (2002 e 2006) e de Conde e Monteiro (2006) e da OMS/ 2006 e 2007. Foi possível, nesta revisão, identificar 232 pacientes, com base em estudos que utilizaram várias classificações nutricionais. Entre estes, foram classificados como eutróficos 37% deles (IC95%; 30,9-43,7) e desnutridos (leve e moderados) em 18,5% (IC95%; 13,9-24,3). O sobrepeso representou 4,3% da amostra (IC95%; 2,2-8,0) e a obesidade 5,6% (IC95%; 3,1- 9,6). Apenas um estudo objetivou avaliar especificamente o estado nutricional na BO e encontrou 21,1% de desnutridos, 17,5% em risco de desnutrição, 42,1% de eutróficos, 8,8% com sobrepeso e 10,5% com obesidade. Conclusões: As diversas classificações dificultam a avaliação da prevalência do estado nutricional, mas a literatura converge ressaltando a importância da avaliação do estado nutricional e da necessidade de mais estudos objetivando a avaliação específica do estado nutricional de crianças e adolescentes com bronquiolite obliterante pós-infecciosa.
Gomes, Gabriela Rodrigues. "Utilização da desobstrução rinofaríngea retrógrada em comparação com a aspiração nasofaríngea em crianças internadas por bronquiolite viral aguda." Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10923/7330.
Full textObjectives: To compare the effects of retrograde rhinopharyngeal clearance (RRC) with nasopharyngeal aspiration in children admitted with acute viral bronchiolitis (AVB).Methods: This is an experimental, controlled and randomized study in children admitted for AVB up to 12 months old. Patients were divided in aspiration group (AG), submitted to nasopharyngeal aspiration, and clearance group (CG), submitted to RRC technique. In both groups there were three evaluations in the same day (C1, C2, C3), including cardiorespiratory parameters, clinical score of respiratory dysfunction and adverse effects.Results: 100 children were included, 50 in each group, with no statistical difference between the groups regarding the characteristics of the sample. There was a significant reduction in heart rate (HR) in C1 and C2 after 10 and 30 min. Number of episodes of nasal bleeding and vomiting was higher in AG compared to CG. Children classified as moderate showed a significant reduction of retractions and nasal bleeding. AG children´s showed an increase of 6. 7% and 19. 5% of wheezing and retractions, respectively, while the children of CG showed only 4. 6% for both parameters.Conclusion: The use of RRC technique in the clinical management of children with AVB can be an alternative for the clearance of the upper airways, as it showed immediate positive results on the occurrence of complications and signs of respiratory effort compared with the nasopharyngeal aspiration. Children classified with moderate clinical scores appear to be the most benefited.
Objetivos: Comparar os efeitos da desobstrução rinofaríngea retrógrada (DRRI) com a aspiração nasofaríngea em crianças internadas com diagnóstico de bronquiolite viral aguda.Métodos: Estudo do tipo experimental, controlado e randomizado, em crianças internadas por BVA com até 12 meses de idade. Os pacientes foram divididos em grupo aspiração (GA), submetido à aspiração nasofaríngea, e grupo desobstrução (GD), submetido à técnica de DRRI. Em ambos os grupos foram realizadas três avaliações, no mesmo dia (C1, C2, C3), incluindo parâmetros cardiorrespiratórios, escore clínico de disfunção respiratória e presença de efeitos adversos.Resultados: Foram incluídas 100 crianças, sendo 50 em cada grupo, sem diferença estatística entre os grupos quanto à caracterização da amostra. Houve redução significativa da frequência cardíaca (FC) na C1 e C2 após 10 e 30 min. O número de episódios de sangramento nasal e vômito foi maior no GA em relação ao GD. Crianças classificadas como moderadas apresentaram redução significativa de tiragem e sangramento nasal. Crianças do GA apresentaram um aumento de 6,7% e 19,5% de sibilância e tiragem, respectivamente, enquanto nas crianças do GD foi de apenas 4,6% para ambos os parâmetros.Conclusão: A utilização da técnica de DRRI no manejo clínico de crianças com BVA pode ser uma alternativa para a desobstrução de vias aéreas superiores, pois mostrou resultados imediatos positivos sobre a ocorrência de complicações e sinais de esforço ventilatório em comparação com a aspiração nasofaríngea. Crianças classificadas com escore clínico moderado parecem ser as mais beneficiadas.
Leit?o, Lidiane Alves de Azeredo. "Rela??o entre polimorfismos de IL-8 e a gravidade da bronquiolite viral aguda." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2013. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/1423.
Full textIntroduction : almost all infants present infection by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) up to 2 years of age. However, the severity of acute viral bronchiolitis (AVB) can vary significantly. This variability may be caused by genetic and immunological factors. Previous studies have shown that RSV-infected airway contains high levels of interleukin 8 (IL-8). The knowledge of genetic polymorphisms associated with severe AVB may have clinical relevance, identifying patients with high-risk for severe AVB. Methods : We included infants admitted to the pediatric emergency of Hospital Sao Lucas (HSL) da PUCRS with AVB, aged less than 12 months, in the period between september 2009 to september 2011; and infants of the same age who did not have had AVB, recruited from the primary care center Bom Jesus. Samples were collected from capillary blood. DNA was extracted for genotyping of two polymorphisms (SNPs rs2227543 and rs2227307) in the IL-8 gene. Results : In the final genetic association sample, we included 115 cases and 64 controls. There was no significant deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The SNP rs2227543 showed significant protection for AVB, with lower frequency of homozygous TT patients in the control group (OR 0.25: CI 0.10 to 0.65). However, rs2227307 showed no association with AVB. Conclusion : This finding, together with the analysis of previous studies, suggests that the IL-8 polymorphism rs2227543 is associated with protection of the AVB and directly influences the severity of AVB in these infants
Introdu??o : At? os 2 anos de idade, praticamente, todos os lactentes apresentam infec??o por v?rus sincicial respirat?rio (VSR). Entretanto, a gravidade da bronquiolite viral aguda (BVA) pode variar significativamente. Essa grande varia??o pode ser causada por fatores gen?ticos e imunol?gicos. Estudos pr?vios indicam que vias a?reas infectadas por VSR cont?m n?veis elevados de interleucina-8 (IL-8). O conhecimento de polimorfismos gen?ticos associados ? BVA grave pode ter grande relev?ncia cl?nica, identificando pacientes de alto risco. M?todos : Foram inclu?dos lactentes internados na emerg?ncia pedi?trica do Hospital S?o Lucas (HSL) da PUCRS com BVA, idade menor de 12 meses, no per?odo entre setembro de 2009 a setembro de 2011, e lactentes da mesma faixa et?ria que n?o apresentaram BVA, recrutados junto ao Centro de Sa?de Bom Jesus (CSBJ). Foram coletadas amostras de sangue capilar. Desse material, foi extra?do DNA utilizado para genotipagem de 2 polimorfismos (SNPs rs2227543 e rs2227307) do gene IL-8. Resultados : Fazem parte da an?lise final do estudo de associa??o gen?tica 115 casos e 64 controles. N?o foi observado nenhum desvio significativo pelo m?todo do equil?brio de Hardy-Weinberg. O SNP rs2227543 mostrou uma prote??o significativa para BVA, apresentando frequ?ncia menor de homozigotos TT em pacientes do grupo controle (OR 0,25: IC 0,10 0,65). No entanto, a varia??o gen?tica rs2227307 n?o demonstrou associa??o com a BVA. Conclus?o : Esse achado, em conjunto com a an?lise de estudos pr?vios, sugere que o polimorfismo rs2227543 de IL-8 est? associado ? prote??o da BVA e influencia diretamente a gravidade da BVA nessas crian?as.
Moura, Angela de. "Desempenho do Pediatric Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire adaptado em pacientes com bronquiolite obliterante." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2016. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/7037.
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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES
Objective: To evaluate the performance of the Paediatric Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire Adapted in patients with bronchiolitis obliterans. Methods: The Paediatric Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (PAQLQ) adapted was applied, through interviews, in patients diagnosed with bronchiolitis obliterans Post-infectious (BO) and asthma, aged 8 and 17, who were monitoring in a specialized pediatric pulmonology outpatient clinic in Porto Alegre, Brazil. To evaluate the performance of the questionnaire were studied the psychometric properties: Reliability and Validity. The reliability was evaluated by internal consistence measuring the coefficient ? Cronbach (?-C). The validity through convergent validity, determining specific correlations between total score and domains and lung function Divergent validity was assessed by the difference between the average domains and total score of the questionnaire of patients with BO and Asthma. The ceiling and floor effects were also evaluated. Results: The study included 41 patients diagnosed with BO and 41 patients with asthma. The average age of the groups was 11.8 ? 2.3 and 66 (81%) of the patients were patients with male sex. The BO showed significantly lower values of pulmonary function to subjects with asthma (P <0.001). In relation to the average reliability Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.923 (0.870 to 0.961) .The correlations were strong and significant (P <0.001) between the domains and the overall score, suggesting an acceptable convergent validity. However, the correlations between the domains and total score with lung function were not found and not significant. It was not observed statistical differences and clinically relevant between the average of the areas and the overall score between groups, a similar score in the media among patients with asthma and patients with BO shows that both subjectively presented a good quality of life. Unidentified ceiling or floor effects in the fields and in the total score. Conclusion: Paediatric Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire Adaptade proved to be a valuable tool in assessing the quality of life of patients with bronchiolitis obliterans, despite being a specific instrument for assessing Related Quality of Life Health of patients with asthma.
Objetivo: Avaliar o desempenho do Paediatric Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire Adaptado em pacientes com Bronquiolite Obliterante. M?todos: Foi aplicado o Paediatric Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (PAQLQ) adaptado, por meio de entrevista, em pacientes com diagn?stico de Bronquiolite Obliterante P?s-infecciosa (BO) e com Asma, com idades entre 8 e 17 anos, que estavam em acompanhamento em um ambulat?rio especializado de pneumologia pedi?trica em Porto Alegre, Brasil. Para avalia??o do desempenho do question?rio foram estudadas as propriedades psicom?tricas: Confiabilidade e Validade. A confiabilidade foi avaliada por meio daconsist?ncia interna, medindo o coeficiente ? de Cronbach (?-C). A validade mediante a validade convergente, determinando-se correla??es espec?ficas entre escore global e os dom?nios e com a fun??o pulmonar A validade divergente foi avaliada mediante as diferen?as das m?dias dos dom?nios e escore total do question?rio dos pacientes com BO e com Asma. Os efeitos teto e ch?o tamb?m foram avaliados. Resultados: Participaram do estudo 41 pacientes com diagn?stico de BO e 41 pacientes com asma. A m?dia de idade dos grupos foi de 11,8?2,3 e 66 (81%) dos pacientes eram do sexo masculino.Os pacientes com BO apresentaram valores da fun??o pulmonar significativamente inferiores aos participantes com asma (P<0,001). Em rela??o ? confiabilidade a m?dia do coeficiente de alpha de Cronbach foi 0,923 (0,870-0,961).As correla??es foram fortes e significativas (P<0,001), entre os dom?nios e escore global, sugerindo uma validade convergente aceit?vel. No entanto, as correla??es entre os dom?nios e escore total com a fun??o pulmonar n?o foram observadas associa??es significativas. N?o foram observadas diferen?as estat?sticas e clinicamente relevantes entre as m?dias dos dom?nios e do escore global entre os grupos. Foi observado um escore similar nas medias entre os pacientes com asma e os pacientes com BO o que demonstra que ambos apresentaram subjetivamente uma boa qualidade de vida. N?o identificados efeitos teto ou ch?o nos dom?nios e no escore total. Conclus?o: O Paediatric Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire Adaptado demonstrou ser um instrumento v?lido na avalia??o da qualidade de vida dos pacientes com Bronquiolite Obliterante, apesar de ser um instrumento espec?fico para a avalia??o da Qualidade de Vida Relacionada ? Sa?de de pacientes com Asma.
Fröhlich, Luiz Felipe. "Avaliação da capacidade de exercício em adolescentes e adultos com bronquiolite obliterante pós-infecciosa." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/71286.
Full textIntroduction: Repercussion in exercise capacity has been poorly studied in patients with post-infectious bronchiolitis obliterans (PBO). Additionally, studies have mainly evaluated children and a follow-up in older subjects is lacking. Aims: Evaluate with maximal incremental cardiopulmonary exercise tests older adolescents and adults with previous diagnosis of PBO and indentify the mechanisms of exercise limitation. Methods: The study has a cross-sectional design with retrospective retrieval of the available spirometric data of 4-6 years ago. We studied 16 patients with POB (10 to 23 yrs old), followed up inan outpatient tertiary care clinic. All subjects underwent resting lung function testingand exercise testing. A control group, composedbysex, age and height, was usedcontaining 10subjects. Results: When compared PBO patients with control group, patients presented worse resting lung function, with moderate-to-severe air flow obstruction and air trapping. Peak exercise capacity was significantly lower in patients (peak O2: 87±22 vs 110±21% pred; P=0.01) with a greater proportion than in patients presenting reduced aerobic capacity [peak O2<84% pred: 7/16(44%) vs 1/10(10%); p= 0.09]. In correlations analyses, peak aerobic capacity (expressed both as absolute values and %pred) was significantly correlated with age in patients (r= 0.59, p= 0.02), body mass index (BMI) (r= 0.55, p= 0.03), lung diffusion capacity (DLCO% pred) (r= 0.66, p= 0.01), rest inspiratory capacity(IC)/total lung capacity(TLC) (r= 0.52, p=0.04) and residual volume (RV)/TLC (r= -0.56, p= 0.03). No association was found, however, between peak O2 and final exercise values and change from rest of SpO2 (p=0.79 and 0.76, respectively) peak ventilation/maximal ventilatory ventilation ratio ( E/MVV) (p=0.82) and other resting lung function values [forced expiratory volume in 1s (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), FEV1/FVC, IC, TLC and RV) when expressed as %pred. On the other hand, FEV1 were moderately correlated with DLCO (r= 0.59, p= 0.03), and strongly with IC/TLC (r= 0.90, p= 0.00) and RV/TLC (r= -0.89, p= 0.00). Current spirometric values were not different from those of 4-6 years ago when expressed as % of pred (FEV1: 60±30 vs 60±22; FVC: 73±22 vs 69±14), although when expressed in liters, current values are greater (FEV1: 1.94±0.93 vs 1.14±0.50; FVC: 2.79±0.89 vs 1.52±0.45; p= 0.00 and 0.00, respectively). Conclusion: We have shown in a sample of adolescent and adult patients with PBO that peak aerobic capacity is reduced compared to healthy controls and almost half of the patients had reduced aerobic capacity when expressed as percent of predict. Peak aerobic capacity was directly correlated with age, lung diffusion capacity and parameters of rest hyperinflation and air trapping. The greater the air flow limitation (lower FEV1), the greater the hyperinflation and air trapping were.
Frasson, Thiago da Silva. "Efeitos do Aumento do Fluxo Expiratório Sobre Parâmetros Cardiorrespiratórios de Crianças Com Bronquiolite Aguda." Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2005. http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/7959.
Full textA bronquiolite aguda (BA) é uma infecção respiratória epidêmica e sazonal da criança, que acomete lactentes com idade de até dois anos, e é uma dos principais motivos de consultas pediátricas no Brasil. A fisioterapia respiratória tem sido largamente utilizada nos últimos anos e considerada um tratamento coadjuvante de grande auxílio na prevenção e tratamento de enfermidades pulmonares na infância. A bronquiolite ainda é uma doença pouco estudada com a utilização de técnicas de fisioterapia o que nos depara com um assunto no mínimo controverso. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar o efeito do aumento do fluxo expiratório (AFE) em pacientes com BA, avaliando o escore de Wood - Downes e os parâmetros de freqüência respiratória (FR), freqüência cardíaca (FC), saturação periférica de oxigênio (SpO2), pressão arterial sistólica (PAS) e pressão arterial diastólica (PAD), em quatro tempos diferentes, além de verificar indicadores sociais através de uma casuística sócio-econômica. As crianças foram randomizadas em 2 grupos: experimental, onde foi aplicado nebulização com prescrição médica, higiene nasal e AFE, e controle onde foi aplicado nebulização e higiene nasal. Estes parâmetros foram medidos em quatro tempos: antes da nebulização, imediatamente após a nebulização e antes da aplicação do AFE, imediatamente após a aplicação do AFE e trinta minutos após a aplicação do AFE. Após os experimentos foi observado um aumento significativo da SpO2 (90,8947% para 97,2632%; p<0,5) no grupo experimental trinta minutos após a aplicação do AFE comparado ao grupo controle, que não houve aplicação da manobra, o que nos induz a pensar que a técnica de AFE levou a uma melhora da função pulmonar em geral destes pacientes. Concluímos assim que a técnica de aumento do fluxo expiratório se mostra eficaz no tratamento coadjuvante de crianças com bronquiolite viral aguda. Palavras-chaves: Aumento do fluxo expiratório, bronquiolite, fisioterapia.
Chakr, Valentina Coutinho Baldoto Gava. "Influência de infecções da via aérea inferior e de fatores perinatais na função e no crescimento pulmonares em lactentes prematuros." Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10923/5762.
Full textObjectives : To assess if lung function could be used to predict risk of viral lower respiratory tract infections in prematurely born infants. In addition, we want to assess the impact of number and severity of LRTI episodes on lung growth. Methods : Longitudinal measurements of lung function by raised volume rapid thoracic compression technique were obtained in the first 6 months of life and after one year of follow-up in preterm infants. Number and severity of LRTI were recorded prospectively. The main outcome is an association between lung function measurements and number and severity of LRTI episodes. Results : Lung function tests were obtained in 71 preterm infants. There was a negative association between lung function and LRTI. Compared with infants with one or no LRTI episode (n=41), those with two or more episodes of LRTI (n=30) had significantly lower expiratory flows at first test (p<0. 05 for zVEF0. 5 zFEF50, zFEF75, zFEF25-75 and zFEFV0. 5/FVC). No significant differences in gender distribution, gestational age, birth weight, school age siblings and smoke exposure were detected in relation to number or severity of LRTI. In the multivariate analysis, lung function and respiratory support in the neonatal intensive care unit was associated with higher number of LRTI. Severe LRTI was predicted by passive smoking and reduced zFEV0. 5. In the longitudinal analysis, the change in lung function, adjusted for length, sex and smoke exposure during pregnancy was not affected by the number and severity of LRTI. Lung growth in this preterm birth cohort was not significantly different from a reference control group composed of full term babies. Conclusion : Our data suggest that lung function is a direct factor that mediates respiratory morbidity in premature infants. Lung function was a better predictor of number of LRTI than gestational age, sex and social demographics factors. The findings suggest that prenatal factors, particularly those that promote premature birth, determine lung development early in life. Postnatal events, like viral LRTI, do not have a detectable effect on lung growth.
Objetivos : Avaliar se a função pulmonar (FP) pode ser usada para predizer o risco de infecção viral da via aérea inferior (IVAI) em lactentes prematuros. Avaliar o impacto do número e da gravidade das IVAI no crescimento pulmonar.Métodos : Medidas longitudinais da FP pela técnica de compressão torácica rápida a partir de volumes pulmonares elevados foram obtidas nos primeiros seis meses de vida e após um ano de seguimento. Número e gravidade das infecções das IVAI foram registrados prospectivamente. O desfecho principal foi a associação entre as medidas de FP e o número e a gravidade das IVAI. Resultados : Testes de FP foram obtidos em 71 lactentes. Houve uma associação negativa entre FP e IVAI. Comparados com lactentes que tiveram um ou nenhum episódio de infecção (n=41), aqueles com dois ou mais episódios (n=30) tiveram fluxos expiratórios mais baixos (p < 0. 05 para zVEF0. 5, zFEF50, zFEF75, zFEF25-75 and zFEFV0. 5/FVC) no primeiro teste (n=71). Não houve diferenças significativas quanto a sexo, idade gestacional, peso ao nascimento, irmãos na idade escolar e exposição ao tabaco em relação ao número e gravidade da IVAI. Na análise multivariada, recebimento de suporte respiratório na unidade neonatal e FP estiveram associadas a maior frequência de infecções. Hospitalização por IVAI pode ser predita por tabagismo passivo e zFEV0. 5 reduzido. Na análise longitudinal, a mudança na FP ajustada para comprimento, sexo e tabagismo gestacional não foi afetada pelo número e pela gravidade de IVAI. O crescimento pulmonar dessa coorte de prematuros não foi significativamente diferente do crescimento do grupo controle de referência composto de bebês a termo. Conclusão : Nossos resultados sugerem que a função pulmonar é um fator que medeia diretamente a morbidade respiratória em lactentes. A FP foi um melhor preditor do número de IVAI do que fatores perinatais e sócio-demográficos. Esses achados sugerem que fatores pré-natais, principalmente aqueles que promovem o parto prematuro, determinam o desenvolvimento pulmonar no início da vida. Eventos pós-natais, como IVAI virais, não apresentam um efeito detectável no crescimento pulmonar.
Gualdi, Lucien Peroni. "Efeito de lactoferrina bovina na replicação viral e doença clínica em modelo murino de vírus sincicial respiratório." Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10923/4641.
Full textBackground : Lactoferrin (LF) is a glycoprotein present in human milk with known antimicrobial effects. In vitro, LF has shown to impair the growth of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). We sought to assess the effect of bovine (b)LF in RSV replication and different aspects of RSV disease in an in vivo murine model. Methods : BALB/C mice were inoculated with 107 PFU RSV A2 or 10% EMEM. bLF or placebo (DPBS) were administered once or twice daily by oral gavage or intraperitoneal (IP) injection at doses ranging from 2 to 10mg/animal/day, from 48h before until day 4 post-RSV inoculation. Bronchoalveolar lavage, whole lung specimens and serum samples were harvested on day 5 post inoculation to asses RSV loads, lung inflammation and cytokine concentrations. Weight loss, airway obstruction and disease severity were assessed daily in all groups. Results : On day 5 post-inoculation RSV loads, lung inflammation and serum innate, Th1, Th2 and Th17 cytokine concentrations showed no differences between RSV infected mice treated with bLF and RSV untreated mice independent of bLF dosing and administration route (p>0. 05). In addition, all bLF groups showed similar weight loss, degree of airway obstruction, and disease severity scores on days 1 to 5 post-inoculation which was comparable to infected untreated mice (p>0. 05), but higher than uninfected controls. Conclusions : Administration of oral or IP bLF at different doses did not demonstrate antiviral activity or significant effects on disease severity in the RSV mouse model. Whether these observations could be extrapolated to infants at risk of RSV infection needs to be further explored.
Introdução : Lactoferrina (LF) é uma glicoproteína presente no leite humano que possui efeitos antimicrobianos bem estabelecidos. Estudos in vitro, demonstram que a LF é capaz de desestabilizar o crescimento do vírus sincicial respiratório (VSR). Neste estudo procuramos avaliar o efeito da LF bovina (bLF) na replicação do VSR, além de avaliar diferentes aspectos da doença causada por VSR in vivo em um modelo murino.Métodos : camundongos BALB/c foram inoculados com 107 UFP de VSR A2 ou EMEM 10%. bLF ou placebo foram administrados uma ou duas vezes ao dia por gavagem ou injeção intraperitoneal (IP) em doses entre 2 e 10 mg/animal/dia, dois dias antes a 4 dias após a inoculação com VSR. Amostras de lavado broncoalveolar, pulmões e sangue foram coletadas no dia 5 após a inoculação com o objetivo de avaliar a carga viral, inflamação pulmonar e concentração de citocinas. Peso, obstrução de via aérea e gravidade da doença foram avaliados diariamente em todos os grupos do estudo. Resultados : No dia 5 após a inoculação do vírus, a carga viral, inflamação pulmonar e concentração de citocinas relacionadas a imunidade inata, respostas Th1, Th2 e Th17 no soro não demonstraram diferença, quando comparamos os animais infectados com RSV tratados com bLF e os animais infectados com RSV tratados com placebo, independente da dose ou via de administração (p>0. 05). Além disso, a perda de peso, obstrução de via aérea e gravidade da doença foi similar entre os grupos tratados com bLF nos dias 1 a 5 após a inoculação do vírus. Estes valores são comparáveis com os valores obtidos no grupo placebo, porém significativamente aumentados quando comparados aos animais não-infectados. Conclusão : a administração de bLF por via oral ou injeção IP, em diferentes doses, não demonstrou atividade antiviral ou efeitos significativos na severidade da doença em um modelo murino de VSR. Se essas observações podem ser extrapoladas para crianças em risco de desenvolver infecções por VSR, essas questões necessitam ser melhor exploradas.
Nunes, Ila Fernanda da Silva. "Perfil epidemiológico das infecções causadas por vírus sincicial respiratório em crianças atendidas em hospital de Fortaleza - Ce." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2004. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/1894.
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Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is detached as an important pathogen of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) in children, mainly in the first year of life. This study had as purposes: to determine the prevalence of RSV in cases of acute respiratory infections (ARIs) in children served in Albert Sabin Children Hospital, in Fortaleza – CE, over the period of January 2001 to July 2004; describe the seasonality pattern of RSV circulation along the study period; observe characteristics clinical-epidemiological of these infections; characterize antigenically the circulating RSV in the epidemic period from 2003 to 2004 and determine the isolation rate of RSV in HEp-2 cells culture from samples collected in 2002, 2003, and 2004 and stored at –20ºC. Aspirated from nasopharynx were collected from children with up to seven days from the beginning of ARIs symptoms and submitted to the reaction of indirect immunofluorescence (IIF). Samples collected in 2002, 2003, and 2004, and stored at –20ºC, were inoculated in monolayers of HEp-2 cells. During the 43 months of study, RSV was identified in 21.0% (409/1950) of the clinical specimens collected. Virus circulation was initially observed during the months of January or February and the last cases were recorded in July or August of each year of study. The peak of these infections was observed from March to July, associated with the rainy season of the city. The infections caused by RSV were more frequent in male children and those with up to two years of age. Bronchiolitis and pneumonia were the clinical syndromes more associated with the virus. Dyspnea, throat pain, coryza, sneezes and cyanosis were the significant clinical signs and symptoms in ARIs caused by RSV. About 9.5 % (39/409) of the infected children presented problems associated, such as prematurity, heart diseases and congenital pulmonary diseases. Among the risk factors associated with these infections, was pointed out the exposure to ARIs in the domicile. Strains of RSV A and B co-circulated during the epidemical periods analyzed, without a significant predominance of any antigenical group. About 29.8 % (122/409) of the positive samples for RSV, stored at –20ºC, were inoculated in monolayers of HEp-2 cells. The isolation percentage varied from 0.0 %, in samples collected in 2002, to 36.8 %, in 2004. Our results confirm the importance of the RSV as etiological agent of ARIs, especially LRTI, in young children. The occurrence of RSV in the city of Fortaleza showed a regular seasonal pattern associated with the rains. The conservation of samples at –20ºC did not make impossible the isolation in cells culture up to one year after freezing.
O vírus sincicial respiratório (VSR) destaca-se como patógeno importante de infecções das vias aéreas inferiores (IVAI) infantis, principalmente no primeiro ano de vida. Este estudo teve como objetivos: determinar a prevalência do VSR em casos de infecções respiratórias agudas (IRAs) em crianças atendidas no Hospital Infantil Albert Sabin, em Fortaleza - CE, entre janeiro de 2001 e julho de 2004; descrever o padrão de sazonalidade de circulação do VSR ao longo do período de estudo; observar características clínico-epidemiológicas dessas infecções; caracterizar antigenicamente os VSR circulantes nos períodos epidêmicos de 2003 e 2004 e determinar a taxa de isolamento do VSR em cultura de células HEp-2 a partir de amostras coletadas em 2002, 2003 e 2004 e estocadas a –20ºC. Aspirados de nasofaringe foram coletados de crianças com até sete dias de início dos sintomas de IRA e submetidos à reação de imunofluorescência indireta (IFI). Amostras coletadas em 2002, 2003 e 2004, armazenadas a –20ºC, foram inoculadas em monocamadas de células HEp-2. Nos 43 meses de estudo, o VSR foi identificado em 21,0% (409/1950) dos espécimes clínicos coletados. A circulação do vírus foi inicialmente observada nos meses de janeiro ou fevereiro e os últimos casos foram registrados em julho ou agosto de cada ano de estudo. O pico dessas infecções foi observado nos meses de março a julho, sendo associado à estação chuvosa da cidade. As infecções causadas pelo VSR foram mais freqüentes em crianças de sexo masculino e naquelas com até dois anos de idade. Bronquiolite e pneumonia foram as síndromes clínicas mais associadas ao vírus. Dispnéia, dor de garganta, coriza, espirros e cianose foram os sinais e sintomas clínicos associados significativamente nas IRAs causadas pelo VSR. Cerca de 9,5% (39/409) das crianças infectadas apresentaram problemas associados, como prematuridade, cardiopatia e doenças pulmonares congênitas. Entre os fatores de risco associados a essas infecções, destacou-se a exposição à IRA no domicílio. Cepas de VSR A e B co-circularam nos períodos epidêmicos analisados, sem uma predominância significativa de qualquer grupo antigênico. Cerca de 29,8% (122/409) das amostras positivas para VSR, estocadas a –20ºC, foram inoculadas em monocamadas de células HEp-2. O percentual de isolamento variou de 0,0%, em amostras coletadas em 2002, a 36,8%, em 2004. Nossos resultados confirmam a importância do VSR como agente etiológico de IRAs, especialmente IVAI, em crianças jovens. A ocorrência do VSR na cidade de Fortaleza mostrou um padrão sazonal regular associado às chuvas. A conservação de amostras a –20ºC não impossibilitou o isolamento em cultura de células até um ano após seu congelamento.
Korb, Cecília. "Os efeitos do balanço hídrico positivo em lactentes menores de um ano com bronquiolite viral aguda submetidos à ventilação mecânica." Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10923/5541.
Full textObjective : to evaluate the effects of positive fluid balance in infants under one year with bronchiolitis undergoing mechanical ventilation. Methodos : retrospective cohort study based on analysis of medical records of infants under one year admitted from April 2008 to September 2011 with bronchiolitis requiring mechanical ventilation in a tertiary Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) in southern of Brazil. We excluded patients with chronic lung disease, tracheostomy and previous use of mechanical ventilation due to acute pulmonary disease. We calculated the cumulative fluid balance within the first 3 days of the onset of mechanical ventilation. The outcomes assessed were ventilator-free days, length of stay in PICU, ventilator parameters used on the third day. Results : eighty-one patients were included in the study, 49 males (60. 5%). The mean cumulative fluid balance on the third day of mechanical ventilation was 139 ± 68 ml/kg, the ventilator-free days was 19. 7 ± 5. 7 and the length of stay in PICU was 10. 4 ± 5 6 days. In multivariate analysis, increasing cumulative fluid balance on the third day of mechanical ventilation was associated with a lower number of ventilatorfree days (β -. 03; 95% CI -. 05, -. 01; p <. 001). The increasing cumulative fluid balance on the third day was also associated with higher PEEP and higher FiO2 used on the same day (β. 01; 95% CI. 006,. 019; p <. 001 and β. 09; 95% CI. 053,. 136; p <. 001 respectively). There was no relationship between cumulative fluid balance and length of stay in PICU (p =. 950).Conclusion : cumulative fluid balance on the third day of mechanical ventilation is an independent risk factor for a lower number of ventilator-free days in infants under one year with bronchiolitis. There is also an association between higher cumulative fluid balance on the third day of mechanical ventilation and higher PEEP and higher FiO2 on the same day.
Objetivo : avaliar os efeitos do balanço hídrico positivo em lactentes menores de um ano com bronquiolite viral aguda submetidos à ventilação mecânica. Material e método : estudo de coorte retrospectivo baseado na análise de prontuários de lactentes menores de um ano admitidos no período de abril de 2008 a setembro de 2011 por bronquiolite viral aguda e submetidos à ventilação mecânica em uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Pediátrica (UTIP) terciária no sul do Brasil. Foram excluídos os pacientes com doença pulmonar crônica, traqueostomizados e com uso prévio de ventilação mecânica devido à doença pulmonar aguda. Foi calculado o balanço hídrico cumulativo nos primeiros 3 dias do início da ventilação mecânica. Os desfechos avaliados foram: dias livres de ventilação mecânica, tempo de internação na UTIP e parâmetros de ventilação mecânica utilizados no terceiro dia. Resultados : oitenta e um pacientes foram incluídos no estudo, sendo 49 meninos (60,5%). A média do balanço hídrico cumulativo no terceiro dia de ventilação mecânica foi de 139 ± 68 ml/kg, de dias livres de ventilação mecânica foi 19,7 ± 5,7 e do tempo de internação na UTIP foi 10,4 ± 5,6 dias. Na análise multivariável, um maior balanço hídrico cumulativo no terceiro dia de ventilação mecânica apresentou associação com um menor número de dias livres de ventilação mecânica (β -0,03; IC 95% -0,05 a -0,01; p <0,001). O balanço hídrico cumulativo no terceiro dia também apresentou associação com a utilização de maior PEEP e FiO2 neste mesmo dia (β 0,01; IC 95% 0,006 a 0,019; p <0,001 e β 0,09; IC 95% 0,053 a 0,136; p <0,001 respectivamente). Não houve relação entre balanço hídrico cumulativo e tempo de internação na UTIP (p=0,950).Conclusão : o balanço hídrico cumulativo no terceiro dia de ventilação mecânica constitui fator de risco independente para um menor número de dias livres de ventilação mecânica em lactentes menores do um ano com bronquiolite viral aguda. Existe, também, associação entre um maior balanço hídrico cumulativo no terceiro dia de ventilação mecânica e a utilização de maior PEEP e maior FiO2 neste mesmo dia.
Luisi, Fernanda. "Ensaio clínico controlado e randomizado para avaliação da eficácia da azitromicina no tratamento da bronquiolite aguda." Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10923/4732.
Full textRationale: Acute viral bronchiolitis is a leading cause of hospitalization in the first year of life. Several studies have shown that macrolides have immune modulating properties, but only a few and underpowered trials have tested the efficacy of these antibiotics in infants with acute bronchiolitis. In this study we tested the hypothesis that azithromycin reduces the length of hospitalization and oxygen requirement in infants with acute bronchiolitis. Methods: We performed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Infants aged less than 12 months were admitted to one university hospital with a clinical diagnosis of acute bronchiolitis (first wheezing episode). They were randomized to receive either oral azithromycin (10 mg/kg/day) or placebo administered once daily for seven days. Clinical data were recorded and nasopharyngeal samples for viral identification were collected at enrollment. Main outcomes were length of oxygen requirement and duration of hospitalization. Results: The study included 105 infants with a mean age of 3. 4 months (sd ± 2. 6) (50 in the intervention, and 55 in the placebo groups) from 2009 to 2011. Patients were comparable with respect to baseline clinical characteristics and viral identification. There were neither differences between the two groups regarding duration of hospitalization (5. 42 ± 2. 96 [azithromycin] vs 6. 54 ± 3. 56 [placebo] days; p=0. 200), nor for oxygen requirement. 62/101 (61. 38%) patients had positive viral immunofluorescence and 57 (56. 4%) were due to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV).Conclusions: This is the first trial to test the efficacy of macrolides on acute viral bronchiolitis in a large sample of hospitalized infants. Routine treatment with azithromycin does not improve length of hospitalization in infants with the first episode of wheezing. This finding may potentially reduce antibiotic overuse that carries along the risk for increasing overall antibiotic resistance. Still, one cannot rule out possible beneficial effects of different classes of macrolides, or even a positive association to specific wheeze phenotypes/genotypes.
Introdução: A bronquiolite viral aguda (BVA) é a principal causa de hospitalização em crianças durante o primeiro ano de vida. Diversos estudos têm demonstrado os efeitos imunomoduladores dos macrolídeos. Porém, poucos estudos, utilizando amostras pequenas, testaram a eficácia destes antibióticos em lactentes com BVA. Neste estudo testamos a hipótese de que o tratamento com azitromicina reduz o tempo de internação hospitalar e o tempo de uso de oxigenoterapia nas crianças internadas com BVA.Métodos: Foi realizado um ensaio clínico randomizado, duplo-cego e controlado por placebo. Participaram do estudo lactentes com até 12 meses de idade e que foram internados em um hospital universitário com diagnóstico clínico de BVA (primeiro episódio de sibilância). Estes foram randomizados para receber azitromicina oral (10 mg/kg/dia) ou placebo administrado em dose única diária por 7 dias. Foi aplicado um questionário para coleta de dados clínicos e uma amostra de secreção nasal para identificação viral. Foram registrados o tempo de necessidade de uso de oxigenoterapia (TO2) e o tempo de internação hospitalar (TIH).Resultados: Foram incluídos no estudo 105 lactentes com média de idade de 3,4 meses (dp±2,6) (50 no grupo intervenção e 55 no grupo placebo) entre os anos de 2009 a 2011. Os grupos foram comparados com relação às características clínicas e dados de virologia. Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre os grupos com relação TIH (5,42 ± 2,96 dias [azitromicina] versus 6,54 ± 3,56 [placebo]; p=0,200) nem com relação ao TO2. Das amostras coletadas, 62/101 (61,38%) dos pacientes apresentaram positividade para vírus respiratórios ao exame de imunofluorescência e 57 (56,4%) destes para vírus sincicial respiratório (VSR).Conclusões: Este foi o primeiro ensaio clínico que avaliou a eficácia de um macrolídeo em uma amostra representativa (N=105) de lactentes hospitalizados com BVA. O tratamento com azitromicina não melhora o tempo de internação hospitalar de lactentes com primeiro episódio de sibilância. Nossos achados contribuem para que haja uma redução do uso abusivo de antibióticos, a fim de se evitar o aumento da resistência a estes medicamentos. Ainda sim, não é possível descartar possíveis efeitos benéficos de diferentes classes de macrolídeos, ou mesmo uma associação positiva com diferentes fenótipos/genótipos de sibilância.
Mocellin, Magáli. "Associação entre o polimorfismo rs2275913 de IL-17 e a gravidade da bronquiolite aguda em lactentes." Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10923/6853.
Full textIntroduction: acute viral bronchiolitis (AVB) is a respiratory infection of high incidence in infants. The mechanisms associated with the severity of the disease are poorly understood. Its severity may be associated with genetic and immunological factors. Some mediators of the immune response appear to influence the response to the virus, especially interleukins (IL). IL-17 is a pro-inflammatory cytokine present in the tracheal aspirates from patients with AVB. This interleukin induces the expression of other pro-inflammatory cytokines, and migration of neutrophils. The objective of the study was to determine if IL-17 gene variations are associated with the severity of AVB.Methods: in the present study we recruited infants admitted in the pediatric emergency in the Hospital São Lucas (HSL) PUCRS diagnosed with AVB and younger than 12 months of age, from September 2009 to September 2011; and infants without hospitalization selected at the primary health care center (CSBJ) in Porto Alegre. Capillary blood samples were collected and DNA was extracted for genotyping of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP rs2275913 of the IL -17 gene).Results: participated in the final analysis of this genetic association study 121 cases and 71 controls. The rare allele of SNP rs2275913 of IL -17 showed a protective effect for severe AVB, with higher frequency of homozygous AA (14. 1% vs 5. 8%; p = 0. 047) in the control group (without hospitalization). The risk of G carriers for severe bronchiolitis was 2. 7 times greater.Conclusion: the study suggests that the polymorphism rs2275913 of IL -17 is associated with protection of AVB and can directly influence the severity of AVB these children. This variation may be a marker to identify high risk patients.
Introdução: a bronquiolite viral aguda (BVA) é uma infecção respiratória de elevada incidência em lactentes. Os mecanismos associados à severidade da doença são ainda pouco conhecidos. Sua gravidade pode estar associada a fatores genéticos e imunológicos. Alguns mediadores da reposta imune parecem influenciar a resposta aos vírus, especialmente as interleucinas (ILs). A IL-17 é uma citocina pró-inflamatória presente no aspirado traqueal de pacientes com BVA. Esta interleucina induz a expressão de outras citocinas pró-inflamatórias e a migração de neutrófilos. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar se variações de IL-17 estão associadas à severidade da BVA.Métodos: no estudo foram incluídos lactentes internados na emergência pediátrica do SUS do Hospital São Lucas (HSL) da PUCRS com diagnóstico de BVA, com idade inferior a 12 meses, entre setembro de 2009 a setembro de 2011, e lactentes que não apresentaram BVA, recrutados junto ao Centro de Saúde Bom Jesus (CSBJ). Foram coletadas amostras de sangue capilar e deste material foi extraído o DNA utilizado para genotipagem do polimorfismo de nucleotídeo único, SNP rs2275913 do gene IL-17.Resultados: participaram da análise final deste estudo de associação genética 121 casos e 71 controles. O alelo raro do SNP rs2275913 de IL-17 mostrou um efeito de proteção para BVA grave, apresentando frequência maior de homozigotos AA (14,1% vs 5,8%, p = 0,047) em pacientes do grupo controle (sem hospitalização por BVA). O risco dos pacientes portadores do alelo G apresentarem bronquiolite com hospitalização foi 2,7 vezes maior.Conclusão: o estudo sugere que o alelo A do polimorfismo rs2275913, no gene IL-17, está associado à proteção da BVA e pode influenciar diretamente a gravidade da BVA em lactentes. Este polimorfismo pode ser um importante marcador para identificação de pacientes de alto risco para bronquiolite grave.
Sparremberger, Dionéia Alves Hoffmann. "Vigilância epidemiológica e influência da co-infecção por vírus respiratório na gravidade da bronquiolite viral aguda em lactentes." Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10923/4700.
Full textIntroduction: Viral acute bronquiolite (VBA) is a frequent diagnosis of hospital acceptance in pediatric area. Previous studies have shown an association between coinfection and VBA severity. The objective of the study was to evaluate the epidemiologic characteristics and to compare the seriousness of the infection between one or more viral agents in children hospitalized with VBA. Methods: samples of nasofaringeal secretion were collected for the research of respiratory viruses by direct immunofluorescence, in the period from 09/2009 to 09/2010, of patients who were admitted in the Hospital São Lucas PUCRS, Porto Alegre, presenting VBA. Results: 73 patients with mean age of 3. 3 months were included and 61, 97% of the samples were positive (45/71). From the positive samples, 68, 88% (31/45) were positive for only one virus; and 28, 88% (13/45) for two ou more viruses. RSV was the most common viral agent (84,44%), followed by parainfluenza (22,22%). Using duration of hospitalization and need of 02 as outcomes, no association between coinfection and BVA severity has been observed (p> 0, 05).Conclusions: The study demonstrated a higher general positivity for viruses, with the predominance of VSR, and showed a high score of co-infection. There was not an additional effect of coinfection in relation to the seriousness of bronquiolitis. We can not exclude that association between RSV and other virus not studied here may influence BVA severity.
Introdução: A bronquiolite viral aguda (BVA) é uma das principais causas de internação hospitalar em lactentes. Estudos prévios descreveram associação positiva entre co-infecção por mais de um vírus e gravidade da BVA. O objetivo do estudo foi estudar as características epidemiológicas da BVA em uma amostra de lactentes de Porto Alegre, e comparar a gravidade da doença entre pacientes com um ou mais vírus.Métodos: Foram coletadas amostras de secreção nasofaringeas para pesquisa de vírus respiratórios por imunofluorescência direta, no período 09/2009 e 09/2010, de pacientes que internaram no Hospital São Lucas da PUCRS com diagnóstico de BVA. Resultados: Foram incluídos 73 pacientes com média de idade de 3,3 meses, e 61,97% do total das amostras coletadas (45/71) foi positiva. Destes, 68,88% das amostras (31/45) foram positivas para apenas 1 vírus; 28,88% (13/45) para 2 ou mais vírus. O VSR foi o patógeno mais comum (84,44%), seguido por parainfluenza (22,22%). Utilizando os desfechos tempo de internação, uso de O2, não foi observada associação entre a presença de co-infecção e gravidade da BVA (p > 0,05).Conclusões: O estudo demonstrou uma positividade geral elevada para vírus, com a predominância do VSR, e demonstrou índice significativo de co-infecção. Não houve efeito adicional em relação a gravidade da bronquiolite. Não se pode excluir a possibilidade de que a associação entre VSR e vírus não identificados neste estudo possa influenciar a gravidade a BVA.