Journal articles: 'Bronze final'

1

Gaucher, Gilles. "Les subdivisions du bronze final." Bulletin de la Société préhistorique française 89, no. 2 (1992): 51–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/bspf.1992.9498.

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2

Khusnutdinov, Emil A., and Aibulat A. Shaykhulakhmetov. "Lamellar bronze grivna of the Final Bronze – Beginning Early Iron Ages." Povolzhskaya Arkheologiya (The Volga River Region Archaeology) 3, no. 25 (September 25, 2018): 279–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.24852/2018.3.25.279.287.

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3

Ling, Johan, and Zofia Stos-Gale. "Final response and future directions." Antiquity 89, no. 343 (January 30, 2015): 221–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.15184/aqy.2014.38.

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It is rare for authors to be able to read comments on their paper by leading colleagues and to have the chance to respond before its publication. We would like to thank the editor of Antiquity for providing this opportunity. The comments express both acceptance of, and doubts about, interconnectedness between the eastern Mediterranean and Scandinavia in the Bronze Age. Kaul's comments demonstrate a deep insight into how Nordic archaeology reveals this interconnectedness; that is clearly expressed in his latest publication on the topic in Antiquity (Kaul 2013). Moreover, both Kaul and Sognnes, who accept these interconnections, have an excellent understanding of Scandinavian Bronze Age rock art. In fact, most of the reviewers’ comments express a positive attitude to the interpretation of the rock art images as possible representations of oxhide ingots.

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4

Vital, Joël. "La céramique et les occupations de l’âge du Bronze de l’abri du Pas de l’Échelle à Rovon (Isère) dans leur contexte régional." Collection EDYTEM. Cahiers de géographie 20, no. 1 (2018): 283–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/edyte.2018.1430.

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L’abri du Pas de l’Échelle à Rovon a été occupé à la fin du Néolithique, à l’âge du Bronze ancien et au Bronze final 1 et 2. Le mobilier céramique présenté n’est significatif que pour le Bronze moyen-Bronze final 1. Les comparaisons conduisent vers la vallée du Rhône et vers les productions du style à cannelures au début du Bronze final, attribution confirmée par une date radiocarbone. Les occupations de l’âge du Bronze correspondent à des passages, des fréquentations ou des occupations très sporadiques de l’abri, discontinues, un peu plus durables, peut être dès la fin du Bronze moyen et certainement pour le BF1. Elles pourraient être liées à des déplacements depuis la vallée, dans le cadre de parcours pastoraux gagnant les pâturages du Vercors par l’emprunt d’un des accès privilégiés au plateau. Les phases représentées dans l’abri du Pas de l’Échelle, synchrones d’améliorations des conditions climatiques, sont aussi attestées par le développement de l’habitat en plaine et sur les reliefs, lors de renouveaux des dynamiques de peuplement à vocation agro-pastorale à large échelle.

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Mírová, Zuzana, and Pavel Fojtík. "The Liminal Passage: A Final Bronze Age hoard found in Dolany-Nové Sady – “Sádek”, District Olomouc (CZ)." Praehistorische Zeitschrift 96, no. 1 (June 1, 2021): 101–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pz-2021-0015.

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Abstract The article presents a hoard from the Final Bronze Age found in 2005 in the cadastre of Dolany-Nové Sady ‒ “Sádek”, Olomouc District (CZ). It consists of 2 bronze axes, 3 bronze cheek-pieces of a horse’s bit, 2 bronze phalerae, decorated bronze belt sheet, 6 fragments of 3 different plano-convex ingots and a ceramic vessel. The paper deals with the chronological-typological evaluation of the hoard and especially the motivations for its deposition in connection with supra-regional long-distance roads. Authors discuss the model of social organization of the landscape in the Low Jeseník Mountains area and selected adjacent regions.

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6

Blasco Bosqued, María Concepción, and María Rosario Lucas Pellicer. "Problemática del Bronce Final en la Meseta." SPAL. Revista de Prehistoria y Arqueología de la Universidad de Sevilla, no. 10 (2001): 221–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.12795/spal.2001.i10.15.

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7

Lazaretov, I. P., A. V. Poliakov, V. M. Lurye, and P. B. Amzarakov. "The Final Bronze Age in the Minusinsk Basin." Archaeology, Ethnology & Anthropology of Eurasia 51, no. 1 (April 6, 2023): 108–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.17746/1563-0110.2023.51.1.108-118.

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Based on the most recent excavation fi ndings, this article discusses a disputable group of burials, previously believed to represent the Bainov stage of the Tagar culture (900–700 BC) in the Minusinsk Basin. Analysis of these burials unambiguously supports I.P. Lazaretov’s idea that they fall into two independent and unrelated groups. One of them continues Late Bronze Age traditions, whereas the other demonstrates new features exclusively associated with the Tagar culture. Most complexes of the Bainov type represent the fi nal stage in the evolution of Late Bronze Age traditions. This is evidenced by various categories of grave goods, features of burial structures, and the funerary rite. These burials can be attributed to stage IV of the Late Bronze Age in the Minusinsk Basin. The second, smaller group reveals entirely new features, typical of the Podgornoye stage of the Tagar culture. These include novel structural features in kurgan architecture, different female funerary attire, and the custom of placing weapons in graves. This attests to the arrival of a new population group with its own traditions, resulting in the emergence of a Scythian type culture on the Middle Yenisey. These burials should be attributed to the beginning of the Podgornoye stage of the Tagar culture. Hopefully, future studies will help to separate out a special late group of Bainov burials, contemporaneous with the early Podgornoye kurgans. Currently, it is possible to discern certain features suggesting that this population took part in the origin of the Tagar culture.

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Lazaretov, I. P., A. V. Poliakov, V. M. Lurye, and P. B. Amzarakov. "The Final Bronze Age in the Minusinsk Basin." Archaeology, Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia (Russian-language) 51, no. 1 (2023): 108–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.17746/1563-0102.2023.51.1.108-118.

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В статье на основе широкого круга новейших материалов, полученных в ходе археологических исследований последних лет, рассматривается проблема группы памятников, которая ранее интерпретировалась как баиновский этап тагарской культуры (IX-VIII вв. до н.э., Минусинская котловина). В результате их изучения полностью подтверждена высказанная И.П. Лазаретовым концепция, предполагающая разделение этих памятников на две самостоятельные, практически не связанные между собой группы. Одна из них продолжает традиции финала эпохи палеометалла, а другая демонстрирует уже новые черты, свойственные исключительно тагарской культуре. Доказано, что большинство комплексов баиновского типа представляют собой финальную фазу развития традиций предшествующего времени. Это прослеживается на примере различных категорий сопроводительного инвентаря, особенностей погребальных конструкций и обряда захоронения. Предложено выделить такие комплексы в IV этап позднего бронзового века на территории Минусинской котловины. Вторая, меньшая по численности группа памятников демонстрирует совершенно иные признаки, характеризующие подгорновский этап тагарской культуры. В них фиксируются новые конструктивные решения в архитектуре курганов, иной погребальный женский костюм, появление в могилах предметов вооружения. Это указывает на приход новой группы населения, принесшей с собой собственные традиции, что привело к сложению на среднем Енисее культуры скифского типа. Данные памятники следует относить к ранней стадии подгорновского этапа тагарской культуры. Предполагается, что в дальнейшем из состава захоронений баиновского этапа будет выделена особая, наиболее поздняя группа комплексов, синхронных ранним курганам подгорновского периода. Уже сейчас фиксируются отдельные свидетельства участия оставившего их населения в процессе формирования тагарской культуры.

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9

Polo Romero, Luis Alberto, and Diana Morales Manzanares. "Cogotas I en la Campiña Madrileña: un análisis de la relación entre yacimientos y vías de paso." Panta Rei. 16 (October 7, 2022): 7–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/pantarei.507811.

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The study evaluates the role played by connectivity during the Late Bronze Age in the Madrid countryside through the relationship between the sites, the cattle trails and the LCP. The proposal is based on the measurement with geographic information systems of the distance and the existing relationship between Cogotas I sites and passageways as a key locational factor within the nuclear area. The results reveal less than 500 meters of distance from the sites to the optimal routes. Therefore, we can point to connectivity as a locational decision of the Late Bronze Age communities in the geographic space studied. El texto evalúa el papel que juega la conectividad durante el Bronce final en la campiña madrileña a través de la relación de yacimientos de dicha cronología con las vías pecuarias y los modelos de acumulación de desplazamiento óptimo (MADO). La propuesta parte de la medición mediante sistemas de información geográfica de la distancia y la relación existente entre sitio de Cogotas I y vías de paso como un factor locacional clave dentro del área nuclear. Los resultados nos muestran un resultado de menos de 500 metros de distancia entre los yacimientos y vías óptimas. Por tanto, podemos señalar la conectividad como una decisión locacional de las comunidades del Bronce final en el espacio geográfico estudiado.

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10

Probyiholova, O. S. "THE LATE AND FINAL BRONZE AGE SETTLEMENT NEAR ZYMOGIRIA IN THE VALLEY OF THE LUGAN RIVER." Archaeology and Early History of Ukraine 39, no. 2 (September 30, 2021): 175–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.37445/adiu.2021.02.09.

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This article is devoted to the publication of the results of excavations of the Late Bronze Age settlement Zymogiria 4 in the basin of the Lugan river. The indication of the culture is a debatable question that has led to the involvement of habitations in to different archeological cultures: bilozerka, Srubnaya, boguslav- bilozerka, ivanovka, otradnenska cultures. Observation of the inheritances of the population of the Berezhnovka-Maevka Srubnaya culture and the population of the Final Bronze Age is proceed with materials from the settlement. Problem of vagueness criteria for the identification post-Zrubna settlements and their clear extraction from Berezhnovka-Maevka Zrubna culture settlements necessitated the importance of research according to the new sources. The problem of the identification of the post-Zrubna horisont will be solved with Late Bronze Age settlement Zymogiria 4 stratigraphy observation. Analysis of the stratigraphic horisonts enables to extract the horisont of the late stage Berezhnovka-Maevka Zrubna culture and horisont post-Zrubna settlements. Presence of the periodization for burials Berezhnovka-Maevka Zrubna culture give possibility of the synchronization with settlements. The system of the settlement placement, organization of the inner space, traditions of the house building continue the line of development the Berezhnovka-Maevka Zrubna culture. At the same time, masonry wall technique of the Final Bronze Age horizon changes, pottery from the Final Bronze Age horizon of the settlement has its own characteristics, which are different from Berezhnovka-Maevka Zrubna culture. The new form of vessels are appearing, the ornamentation changes. New stone objects appear, that was not present in previous period: whetstone with tray or hole for hanging. In this work is made an attempt to separate the horizone of the Final Bronze Age of Zymogiria 4 settlement from the Berezhnovka-Maevka Zrubna culture horizones, which have many common features.

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11

Probyigolova, O. S. "LATE AND FINAL BRONZE AGE SETTLEMENTS IN THE BASIN OF THE RIVER SIVERSKIY DONETS AND ON THE DONETS RIDGE: ARCHEOLOGICAL MAP OF THE REGION." Archaeology and Early History of Ukraine 26, no. 1 (March 25, 2018): 201–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.37445/adiu.2018.01.12.

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The paper is devoted to the mapping of the Late and Final Bronze Age settlements that are situated in the basin of the river Siverskiy Donets and on the Donets Ridge. On the basis of analyses more than 800 Late Bronze Age settlements the horizon of the late stage Berezhnovka-Maevka Srubnaya culture and post-Srubnaya settlements horizon were identified. The Late Bronze age settlements are evenly spread over the territory of the basin of the river Siverskiy Donets and on the Donets Ridge. The Final Bronze age localities are the same to the previous stage. On the contrary, the Bondarikhinskaya culture settlement’s location differs from the post- Srubnaya sites. All of them are located on the left bank of the river Siverskiy Donets and none of them are situated on the right bank. The location of settlements indicates a high population density in the basin of the river Siverskiy Donets and on the Donets Ridge during the Bronze age from the first stage of Berezhnovka-Maevka Srubnaya culture and to the end of the Bronze Age.

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12

Levan, Mélanie. "Premier hameau de l’âge du Bronze final en Bretagne." Archeopages, no. 40 (July 1, 2014): 48–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/archeopages.595.

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13

Marcigny, Cyril, Emmanuel Ghesquière, Loïc Ménager, Xavier Savary, and Hervé Morzadec. "Un habitat Bronze final à Cussy « La Pointe » (Calvados)." Revue archéologique de l'ouest 15, no. 1 (1998): 39–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/rao.1998.1071.

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14

DEDET, Bernard, and Daniel Rouquette. "L’habitat du Bronze final des Courtinals à Mourèze (Hérault)." Documents d'Archéologie Méridionale, no. 25 (August 20, 2002): 33–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/dam.158.

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15

V., Loman. "Karatugai – the Burial Ground of the Final Bronze Age." Teoriya i praktika arkheologicheskikh issledovaniy 26, no. 2 (June 2019): 131–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/tpai(2019)2(26).-10.

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16

Benkert, Alain, and Heinz Egger. "Dendrochronologie d'un site du Bronze final, Hauterive-Champréveyres (Suisse)." Bulletin de la Société préhistorique française 83, no. 11 (1986): 486–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/bspf.1986.8723.

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17

Vital, Joël, J. F. BERGER, Jacques Léopold Brochier, Thierry Argant, Alain Beeching, and Annie Vital. "L'architecture et les occupations du Bronze final 1 et du Bronze final 2b du site du Gournier, secteur de Fortuneau, à Montélimar (Drôme)." Gallia préhistoire 53, no. 1 (2011): 203–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/galip.2011.2489.

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18

Feng, Li. "Solving puzzles about the casting method of bronze inscriptions of the Western Zhou Dynasty." Chinese Archaeology 15, no. 1 (January 1, 2015): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/char-2015-0001.

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AbstractThis paper puts forward a new interpretation about the casting techniques of Western Zhou bronze inscriptions, especially those cast in raised grids. In fuller consideration of the various phenomena seen on the bronzes, this paper suggests a nine-step workflow in which transitional molds were employed to produce the real casting core with raised texts to be used for final casting. This new theory not only fully explains the production of long inscriptions with sunken texts and raised grids, but also explains the technical details behind a number of recently discovered special inscriptions.

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19

Górny, Z., S. Kluska-Nawarecka, D. Wilk-Kołodziejczyk, and K. Regulski. "Methodology for the Construction of a Rule-Based Knowledge Base Enabling the Selection of Appropriate Bronze Heat Treatment Parameters Using Rough Sets." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 60, no. 1 (April 1, 2015): 309–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amm-2015-0050.

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Abstract Decisions regarding appropriate methods for the heat treatment of bronzes affect the final properties obtained in these materials. This study gives an example of the construction of a knowledge base with application of the rough set theory. Using relevant inference mechanisms, knowledge stored in the rule-based database allows the selection of appropriate heat treatment parameters to achieve the required properties of bronze. The paper presents the methodology and the results of exploratory research. It also discloses the methodology used in the creation of a knowledge base.

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20

DEDET, Bernard. "Vestiges d’une sépulture du Bronze final I à la Potence (Gaujac, Gard). Regard sur les pratiques funéraires du milieu de l’âge du Bronze au début du Bronze final en Languedoc oriental." Documents d'Archéologie Méridionale, no. 35 (April 30, 2012): 207–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/dam.2112.

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21

Höflmayer, Felix, Assaf Yasur-Landau, Eric H. Cline, Michael W. Dee, Brita Lorentzen, and Simone Riehl. "New Radiocarbon Dates from Tel Kabri Support a High Middle Bronze Age Chronology." Radiocarbon 58, no. 3 (April 18, 2016): 599–613. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/rdc.2016.27.

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AbstractThis article presents new radiocarbon evidence from the Middle Bronze Age palatial site of Tel Kabri (Israel). The final phase of the palace (Phase III) can be dated to Middle Bronze Age II, with an end date around the transition from Middle Bronze II to III or very early in Middle Bronze III. According to our14C data, the end of Tel Kabri Phase III (and thus the transition from Middle Bronze II to III) can be dated to ~1700 BC. This date is about 50–100 yr earlier than traditional chronological models for the Middle Bronze Age propose (~1650 BC according to the traditional chronology or ~1600 BC according to the low chronology).14C data from Tel Kabri thus add additional evidence for a higher Middle Bronze Age chronology for the Levant, consistent with recent14C evidence from Tell el-Dabca (Egypt), Tel Ifshar (Israel), and Tell el-Burak (Lebanon).

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22

Goury, Dominic. "Un habitat du Bronze final II aux Esquérades (Tresques, Gard)." Documents d'Archéologie Méridionale 13, no. 1 (1990): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/dam.1990.1007.

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23

Cahen-Delhaye, Anne. "Découverte d'un rasoir de l'âge du bronze final à Huy." Archaeologia Belgica, no. 2 (May 1, 1985): 25–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.55465/ykjd3373.

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24

Dedet, B., and Jean Charmasson. "L'habitat du Bronze final Illb de Lombren à Vénéjan (Gard)." Gallia préhistoire 31, no. 1 (1989): 191–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/galip.1989.2350.

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25

DEDET, Bernard. "Le style céramique du Bronze final IIIa en Languedoc oriental." Documents d'Archéologie Méridionale, no. 35 (April 30, 2012): 85–126. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/dam.2092.

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26

Roussot-Larroque, Julia, and Jean-Claude Merlet. "La céramique du Bronze final en Aquitaine : éléments de synthèse." Documents d'Archéologie Méridionale, no. 35 (April 30, 2012): 175–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/dam.2102.

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27

Vilaça, Raquel. "Um colar do Bronze final proveniente do Bolho (Cantanhede, Coimbra)." Conimbriga: Revista de Arqueologia 45 (2006): 93–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/1647-8657_45_6.

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28

Germond, Georges, José Gomez, Guy Verron, and J. R. Bourhis. "Nouvelles recherches sur le dépôt d'Auvers, Manche (Bronze final III)." Bulletin de la Société préhistorique française 85, no. 1 (1988): 15–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/bspf.1988.9316.

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29

Boura, Frédérique, Eric Crubézy, and Christiane Eluère. "Une incinération du Bronze final découverte à Florange Daspich (Moselle)." Bulletin de la Société préhistorique française 87, no. 4 (1990): 117–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/bspf.1990.9429.

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30

Briois, François, Eric Crubézy, and Laurent Carozza. "La grotte Sindou (Lot) ; une sépulture familiale du Bronze final." Bulletin de la Société préhistorique française 97, no. 4 (2000): 553–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/bspf.2000.11163.

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31

Knipper, Corina, Alissa Mittnik, Ken Massy, Catharina Kociumaka, Isil Kucukkalipci, Michael Maus, Fabian Wittenborn, et al. "Female exogamy and gene pool diversification at the transition from the Final Neolithic to the Early Bronze Age in central Europe." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 38 (September 5, 2017): 10083–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1706355114.

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Human mobility has been vigorously debated as a key factor for the spread of bronze technology and profound changes in burial practices as well as material culture in central Europe at the transition from the Neolithic to the Bronze Age. However, the relevance of individual residential changes and their importance among specific age and sex groups are still poorly understood. Here, we present ancient DNA analysis, stable isotope data of oxygen, and radiogenic isotope ratios of strontium for 84 radiocarbon-dated skeletons from seven archaeological sites of the Late Neolithic Bell Beaker Complex and the Early Bronze Age from the Lech River valley in southern Bavaria, Germany. Complete mitochondrial genomes documented a diversification of maternal lineages over time. The isotope ratios disclosed the majority of the females to be nonlocal, while this is the case for only a few males and subadults. Most nonlocal females arrived in the study area as adults, but we do not detect their offspring among the sampled individuals. The striking patterns of patrilocality and female exogamy prevailed over at least 800 y between about 2500 and 1700 BC. The persisting residential rules and even a direct kinship relation across the transition from the Neolithic to the Bronze Age add to the archaeological evidence of continuing traditions from the Bell Beaker Complex to the Early Bronze Age. The results also attest to female mobility as a driving force for regional and supraregional communication and exchange at the dawn of the European metal ages.

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32

Grigoreva, T. F., S. A. Kovaleva, V. I. Kvashnin, S. A. Petrova, E. T. Devyatkina, S. V. Vosmerikov, V. I. Zhornik, P. A. Vityaz, and N. Z. Lyakhov. "Tin Bronze Reinforced with Cu9Al4 Particles: Mechanochemical Synthesis and Consolidation by Sintering under Pressure." Физика металлов и металловедение 124, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 61–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0015323022600666.

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X-ray diffraction analysis and optical and electron microscopy have been used to study the effect of mechanical activation conditions of the Cu–12% Sn mixture with different Cu9Al4 modifier contents on the structure and phase composition and morphology of formed composites. The mechanochemical intro-duction of 10 wt % of the modifying additive into the matrix of mechanically synthesized tin bronze mainly results in the formation of a ternary Al0.05Cu0.9Sn0.05 solid solution of aluminum and tin in copper. In the case of the 20 wt % modifying additive, the final product contains a Cu0.9Sn0.1 tin solid solution in copper and Cu9Al4 intermetallics. Studies of the mechanical and tribological characteristics of the material prepared by sintering under a pressure showed that the intensity of wear of the material based on the Cu–12 wt % Sn mechanochemically synthesized bronze is insignificant lower than that of commercial bronze alloy CuSn10P; the coefficient of friction (f) decreases by ~1.3 times and the range of its values is sufficiently wide,f = 0.7–0.9. The modification of the Cu–12 wt % Sn mechanically synthesized bronze with the Cu9Al4 inter-metallics allowed us to decrease the intensity of wear by 1.3 to 1.6 times and to substantially decrease the coef-ficient of friction (by 1.2 to 1.6 times). The stable value f = 0.5 is reached for the mechanically activatedCu‒12 wt % Sn + 20 wt % Cu9Al4 composition. The introduction of the intermetallics results in the increase in the microhardness of the alloys by 1.6 to 2 times (to Hμ = 2730 MPa) compared to those of CuSn10P and mechanically synthesized bronzes.

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33

Ondrkál, Filip. "The Nitrianska Blatnica II hoard: The hoard horizon of Lusatian culture in the Ha C1a period in Slovakia." Praehistorische Zeitschrift 95, no. 2 (November 25, 2020): 491–521. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pz-2020-0011.

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AbstractThis paper synthesises and analyses archaeological data on the Nitrianska Blatnica II hoard of metal artefacts (Ha C1a; 800–725 BC) from the hilltop settlement of Marhát. Currently, this is the largest metal deposit from the Final Bronze Age in Slovakia, providing a fundamental chronological synchronization of the Ha C1a sub-phase with Northern Italy and Central and Southeastern Europe. A spectral analysis of the serial circular jewellery shows a uniform origin from a unique metallurgical workshop and contributes to the scientific discussion with important data on economic operations in the Carpathian Basin. The closest analogies to the bronze vessels and gold cylindrical earrings come from the most important contemporary sites of the Hallstatt and Mezöcsát cultures and stimulate the notion of a large intercultural trade in prestigious goods and the practices of the aristocratic population of the Final Bronze Age in Central Europe.

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Rajala, Ulla. "The concentration and centralization of late prehistoric settlement in central Italy: the evidence from the Nepi Survey." Papers of the British School at Rome 81 (September 26, 2013): 1–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0068246213000032.

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This article discusses the evidence for the concentration and centralization of late prehistoric settlement in central Italy, using the territory of Nepi as an example of settlement aggregation in southern Etruria. This example helps to explain the regional developments leading to urbanization and state formation in Etruria from the Bronze Age to the Iron Age. The article also publishes new sites with late prehistoric ceramic material from the Neolithic or Epineolithic to the Iron Age in the territory of Nepi found during the Nepi Survey Project. This new evidence is discussed together with previously published material, and presented as further evidence that the developments leading to the occupation of naturally defended sites in the Final Bronze Age had their origins in the Middle Bronze Age. Similarly, the analysis, aided by agricultural and GIS modelling, suggests that the hiatus in the settlement and its dislocation after an apparent break between the Final Bronze Age and the Early Iron Age may have been caused by population pressure. After the settlement aggregated in one centre at Nepi, there are signs of further expansion in the Iron Age.

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MUR, Assumpció TOLEDO I., and Anne LAGARRIGUE. "Les ensembles céramiques du Bronze ancien et du Bronze final IIIa d’El Camp del Viver (Baho, Pyrénées-Orientales)." Documents d'Archéologie Méridionale, no. 39 (October 5, 2016): 9–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/dam.5669.

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TOLEDO I MUR, Assumpció, and Anne LAGARRIGUE. "Les ensembles céramiques du Bronze ancien et du Bronze final IIIa d’El Camp del Viver (Baho, Pyrénées-Orientales)." Documents d'Archéologie Méridionale, no. 39 (January 1, 2016): 9–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/dam.3253.

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Ondrkál, Filip. "The Súl′ov-Hradná II: Military deposit of Lusatian culture from Western Slovakia." Archaeologiai Értesítő 147, no. 1 (March 3, 2023): 105–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/0208.2022.00036.

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AbstractThe Final Bronze Age (ca. 1080–725 BC) in the Western Carpathians is characterized by increased cross-cultural militarization, which culminated in the collapse horizon era in Ha C1a. Here, the Lusatian culture introduced a series of investments in defensive infrastructure in the Ha A2–B1 period, many of which were maintained and reinforced over the following centuries. Spectacular finds of deposited weapons, including bronze swords (Komjatná, Martinček, Liptovské Sliače), which are rarely found in graves of that time, are known from the Váh river valley. The Final Bronze Age hoard of Súľov-Hradná II, Bytča dist. (Ha B1; 1080–960 BC), newly represents a multi-typic find of 9 bronze swords (reine Schwerthort) and magnificently illustrates the recurring codified behaviour of votive weapon deposition in the aquatic and mountain environment of the Western Carpathians. As the Old Germanic toponym of Žibrid hill (867 m; germ. Sivrit/Sieg-fried = victorious peace) suggests, the knowledge of the deposition event may have survived to the present day, and it recalls the old Celto-Germanic rule of sacrificing the weapons of the defeated party, and provides a powerful addition to the understanding some characteristic and strikingly recurring patterns in the bronze archaeological record in Central Europe.A késő bronzkort (kb. Kr. e. 1080–725) a Nyugati-Kárpátokban a kultúrák közötti fegyveres konfliktusok jellemzik, amelyek a bronzkort követő Ha C1a periódusban érik el a csúcspontjukat. A Lausitz-kultúra Ha A2–B1 fázisában építik ki azt a védelmi infrastruktúrát, melynek részeit a következő évszázadokban is megtartják és megerősítik. Ebből az időszakból származnak a Vág völgyéből előkerült, fegyvereket – többek között a korabeli sírokban csak elvétve előforduló bronz kardokat – tartalmazó kincsleletek, fegyverdepók (Komjatná, Martinček, Liptovské Sliače). A késő bronzkori Súľov-Hradná II (Bytča körzet) lelőhelyről (Kr. e. 1080–960) egy 9 bronzkardból álló lelet (reine Schwerthort) került elő, amely ismételten illusztrálja a Nyugati-Kárpátok vizes és hegyi környezetében jellemző, rendszeres, votív fegyverdeponálási szokást. Amint azt a Žibrid-hegy (867 m t.f.m.; germán Sivrit/Sieg-fried = győzelem-béke) ógermán eredetű neve is jelzi, a deponálási szokás ismerete a mai napig megőrződhetett a terület toponímiájában. A legyőzött fél fegyvereinek ősi kelta–germán feláldozási szokása fontos adalékot jelent a közép-európai bronzkor néhány ismétlődő jelenségének megértésében.Neskorá doba bronzová (ca. 1080–725 pr. Kr.) je v Západných Karpatoch charakteristická zvýšenou medzikultúrnou militarizáciou, ktorá vyvrcholila érou zánikového horizontu v Ha C1a. Lužická kultúra tu v období Ha A2–B1 zaviedla sériu investícií do obrannej infraštruktúry, z ktorých mnohé boli udržiavané a zosilnené počas nasledujúcich storočí. Práve z tohto obdobia sú z údolia rieky Váh známe veľkolepé nálezy deponovaných zbraní vrátane bronzových mečov (Komjatná, Martinček, Liptovské Sliače), ktoré sa v hroboch tej doby vyskytujú zriedkavo. Neskorobronzové depozitum Súľov-Hradná II, okr. Bytča (1080–960 pr. Kr.) novo reprezentuje homogénny nález 9 bronzových mečov (reine Schwerthort) a ilustruje opakujúce sa kodifikované správanie votívneho ukladania zbraní vo vodnom a vysokohorskom prostredí Západných Karpát. Ako uvádza aj starogermánske toponymum vrchu Žibrid (867 m; germ. Sivrit/Sieg-fried = víťazný mier), znalosť udalosti deponovania mohla pretrvať až do súčasnosti, a pripomína staré keltsko-germánske pravidlo obetovania zbraní porazenej strany, a poskytuje silný doplnok v pochopení niektorých charakteristických a nápadne sa opakujúcich vzorcov v archeologickom zázname bronzu v strednej Európe.

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ISNARD, Fabien, Jean-Luc GISCLON, Avec la collaboration d’Éric NÉRÉ, Manon CABANIS, and Elisabeth ALLAIN. "Un dépôt de crémation du Bronze final aux Ardelières, Brézins (Isère)." Documents d'Archéologie Méridionale, no. 41 (January 1, 2018): 21–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/dam.3841.

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ISNARD, Fabien, and Jean-Luc GISCLON. "Un dépôt de crémation du Bronze final aux Ardelières, Brézins (Isère)." Documents d'Archéologie Méridionale, no. 41 (January 1, 2018): 21–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/dam.6815.

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Moretti, G., F. Guidi, G. Capobianco, and R. Tonini. "Ni-free alloys as final coatings: white bronze coatings on copper." Journal of Materials Chemistry 11, no. 3 (2001): 922–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b006401g.

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Talon, Marc. "Un site d'habitat de l'Âge du Bronze final à Feuillères (Somme)." Bulletin de la Société préhistorique française 89, no. 10 (1992): 439–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/bspf.1992.9943.

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Gomez, José. "Une bouterolle à section losangique du Bronze final en Centre-Ouest." Bulletin de la Société préhistorique française 91, no. 3 (1994): 198–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/bspf.1994.9767.

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Germond, Georges, and Louis-Marie Champême. "Un dépôt de l'Age du Bronze final à Tourtenay (Deux-Sèvres)." Bulletin de la Société préhistorique française 95, no. 2 (1998): 255–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/bspf.1998.10771.

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Carozza, Laurent, and Albane Burens. "Les habitats du Bronze final de Portal Vielh à Vendres (Hérault)." Bulletin de la Société préhistorique française 97, no. 4 (2000): 573–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/bspf.2000.11165.

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Plicht, J. Van der, and A. J. Nijboer. "Around 1000 BC. Absolute dates for the Final Bronze Age – Early Iron Age transition in Italy: wiggle-match 14C dating of two tree-trunk coffins from Celano." Palaeohistoria 60 (December 14, 2018): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.21827/5beab031371e0.

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At Celano (Abruzzo region, Italy), rare tumulus tombs of the Final Bronze Age were excavated, yielding waterlogged coffins of oak wood. Two tombs were dated by Wiggle-Match Dating (WMD), using the conventional 14C method. This shows that the tumuli were erected around 1030 BC, while the associated artefacts in the sarcophagi are attributable to the final stages of the Bronze Age (FBA) in Italy. Fibulae similar to those found in both tombs at Celano are recovered in modest numbers all over the Italian peninsula and even in Croatia and nearby regions (Glogović 2003; von Merhart 1969, pls. 4, 5, 7). Our date of ca. 1030 BC for the last stages of the Bronze Age in Italy has consequences for the beginning of the Iron Age, which should start around 1000-950 BC, an assessment that is consistent with other radiocarbon sequences obtained for Italy, such as the sequence for Latium Vetus and elsewhere in the western Mediterranean.

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Johnson, Mats. "Chronology of Greece and South-east Europe in the Final Neolithic and Early Bronze Age." Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 65 (1999): 319–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0079497x00002048.

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Final Neolithic to Early Bronze Age chronology in Greece remains obscure due to a lack of stratified deposits and radiocarbon dates. In this paper the Greek evidence is considered in the light of typological parallels, stratigraphic sequences, and the larger series of radiocarbon dates available from the south-east European cultures, and a tentative chronology for Greece and south-east Europe is presented. The evidence does not support the earlier notion of an overlap between the Thessalian Rachmani period and the Early Helladic period of southern Greece, but rather suggests that Rachmani is essentially contemporary with the southern Greek Final Neolithic. The Final Neolithic–Early Bronze Age transition in southern Greece shows affinities to Petromagoula in Thessaly and the Boleráz culture of Europe. Several radiocarbon dates place the Boleráz period in the early 5th millennium BP, suggesting that dates from FN–EBA transitional contexts in Greece may, in the future, help to fill the existing early 5th millennium gap in the Greek radiocarbon date series.

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Vignaud, Didier, Claude Merlet, and Stéphane Makala. "Un dépôt de bronzes du Bronze final dans le bassin de l’Adour : Lagrange à Saint-Martin-d’Oney (Landes)." Aquitania : une revue inter-régionale d'archéologie 36, no. 1 (2020): 25–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/aquit.2020.1517.

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Peche-Quilichini, Kewin, Simon Delvaux, Thibault Lachenal, Anne-Laure Grevey, Simone Amici, François De Lanfranchi, Gilda Bartoloni, et al. "L’espace domestique au Bronze final et au premier âge du Fer dans le sud de la Corse." Trabajos de Prehistoria 72, no. 2 (December 21, 2015): 259–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/tp.2015.12154.

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Kaefer, José Ademar. "falta de evidências arqueológicas que comprovem o poder da religião institucional em Israel e Judá." REVER: Revista de Estudos da Religião 21, no. 3 (December 9, 2021): 103–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.23925/1677-1222.2021vol21i3a7.

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O objetivo deste artigo e mostrar a falta de evidências arqueológicas que comprovem o poder da religião institucional em Israel e Judá. Essa falta e atestada através da análise local (in situ), com auxílio bibliográfico, dos principais sítios arqueológicos desses dois reinos: Megiddo, Hazor, Gezer, Da, Samaria, Betel, Silo, Jerusalem, Laquis e Arad. A conclusão e de que em todos esses sítios o poder da religião, com templos e grandes altares, era muito forte até o final do Bronze Tardio. Na transição do Bronze para o Ferro I, e particularmente para o Ferro II, quando essas cidades se tornam israelitas, as evidências do poder da religião desaparecem. Só voltam a aparecer, em Judá, no final do século VII AEC.

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Padilla Monge, Aurelio. "Estela del Bronce Final hallada en el término de Ecija (Sevilla)." SPAL. Revista de Prehistoria y Arqueología de la Universidad de Sevilla, no. 3 (1994): 283–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.12795/spal.1994.i3.10.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Bronze final'

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