Academic literature on the topic 'Broodstock. eng'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Broodstock. eng.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Journal articles on the topic "Broodstock. eng"
1
Waples, Robin S., and Chi Do. "Genetic Risk Associated with Supplementation of Pacific Salmonids: Captive Broodstock Programs." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 51, S1 (December 19, 1994): 310–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f94-318.
Full textAbstract:
We simulated some of the genetic consequences of temporarily using captive broodstocks to supplement Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) populations. Results were summarized in terms of the parameter ΔIBD, which represents the change in level of inbreeding in the postsupplementation population compared with the control. We found that: (1) the most important factor affecting ΔIBD was whether the population remained large after supplementation ceased; (2) the absolute number of wild adults taken for broodstock had a stronger influence on ΔIBD than did the proportion of the population sampled; (3) if a captive broodstock program is successful, virtually all of the genes in the postsupplementation population will be derived from fish taken into the hatchery for broodstock; (4) in programs that last longer than one generation, marking hatchery fish is essential to avoid additional increases in inbreeding, and marking rates < 100% may be ineffective; and (5) broodstock practices such as sib-avoidance mating and equalizing progeny number affected inbreeding levels during the captive phase but had little permanent effect on ΔIBD. A number of factors not considered in this study (e.g., domestication selection and the fitness consequences of given levels of inbreeding) should also be evaluated in deciding whether or how to implement captive broodstock programs.
2
Kavouras, Menelaos, Emmanouil E. Malandrakis, Eleni Golomazou, Ioannis Konstantinidis, Ewout Blom, Arjan P. Palstra, Konstantinos Anastassiadis, Panagiota Panagiotaki, and Athanasios Exadactylos. "Hox gene expression profiles during embryonic development of common sole." Animal Biology 69, no. 2 (2019): 183–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15707563-17000123.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Common sole (Solea solea) aquaculture production is based mostly on wild-caught breeders. Recently, the successful reproduction of first-generation fish that were reared in captivity was accomplished. A consistent good quality and quantity of produced eggs throughout the year, and of next-generation broodstock, is important for reducing the overall cost of production. Hox genes play a pivotal role in normal embryonic development and alterations of their temporal expression level may be important for egg viability. Expression profile analysis of five hox genes (hoxa1a, hoxa2a, hoxa2b, hoxb1a and hoxb1b) involved in early embryonic development and of hoxa13a, which is involved in late stages, was carried out. Results revealed a premature and/or maternal expression of hoxa13a in sole embryos, and the detection of hoxa2a and hoxa2b genes as members of paralog group 2. Principal Component Analysis of hox gene expression in 54 ± 6 hours post fertilization embryos coming from wild-caught broodstock and a first-generation one reared in the hatchery, unveiled that these broodstocks are clearly distinct. In addition, their pairwise comparison revealed significant differences in the expression levels of hoxb1a and hoxb1b genes. Hox gene regulation during embryonic development could give valuable insight into rearing sole broodstocks with different origin in concert, and also into gaining a steady mass production of eggs, either in quality or quantity, all year round.
3
Mulyani, Rahma, Sukenda Sukenda, and Sri Nuryati. "Efficacy of Aeromonas hydrophila formalin-killed cells and lipopolysaccharides vaccines in maternal immunity of tilapia broodstock and the offspring resistance." Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia 18, no. 2 (July 8, 2019): 141–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.19027/jai.18.2.141-151.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT The study aimed to analyze the efficacy of Aeromonas hydrophila formalin-killed cells (FKC) and lipopolysaccharides (LPS) vaccines in maternal immunity of tilapia broodstock and the resistance of the offsprings. This study consisted of two consecutive studies. Firstly, the broodstocks were vaccinated with PBS (non-vaccinated), FKC, LPS, and combinations of FKC and LPS. Secondly, the offsprings from both the vaccinated and non‒vaccinated broodstock were vaccinated with the same vaccine for broodstock by immersion method. After vaccination, the offsprings were challenged with pathogenic A. hydrophila. Antibody level and lysozyme were measured in the broodstock, egg, and offsprings. In the first experiment, the result showed that vaccinated broodstock and their offsprings had delivered a significant antibody level and lysozyme activity compared with the control. The highest relative percent survival (RPS) of offspring resulted from the combination of FKC and LPS vaccinated broodstock at 5, 10, and 15 days post-hatching at 85.00%, 75.23%, and 67.56%, respectively. The second experiment showed vaccinated offsprings produced from vaccinated broodstock had a higher RPS than the RPS of vaccinated offsprings which produced from non-vaccinated broodstock. In conclusion, vaccination that using a combination of FKC and LPS vaccine in broodstock potentially improved the maternal immunity and protect their offspring from A. hydrophila infection. Keywords: Aeromonas hydrophila, antibody, maternal immunity, tilapia, vaccination ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis efikasi vaksin formalin-killed cells (FKC) dan lipopolisakarida (LPS) Aeromonas hydrophila pada imunitas maternal induk ikan nila dan ketahanan benih yang dihasilkan. Dalam penelitian ini, terdapat dua penelitian. Pertama, induk ikan nila divaksin dengan PBS (non-vaksinasi), vaksin FKC, LPS, dan kombinasi vaksin FKC dan LPS. Benih selanjutnya diuji ditantang dengan menggunakan patogen A. hydrophila pada 5, 10, dan 15 hari pasca menetas. Kedua, benih yang dihasilkan oleh induk yang telah divaksinasi dan induk yang tidak divaksinasi tersebut divaksin dengan vaksin yang sama seperti pada induk dengan metode imersi. Setelah vaksinasi, keturunan diuji tantang dengan patogen A. hydrophila. Tingkat antibodi dan lisozim diukur pada induk, telur, dan benih. Pada percobaan pertama, hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa induk yang divaksinasi dan benih menunjukkan tingkat antibodi dan aktivitas lisozim yang signifikan dibandingkan dengan kontrol. Persentase kelangsungan hidup relatif (RPS) tertinggi benih yang dihasilkan dari induk yang divaksinasi FKC dan LPS masing-masing pada 5,10, dan 15 hari pascatetas pada 85,00%; 75,23%; dan 67,56%. Percobaan kedua menunjukkan bahwa benih yang divaksinasi dari induk yang divaksin menunjukkan RPS yang lebih baik daripada benih yang divaksinasi dari induk yang tidak divaksin. Vaksinasi menggunakan kombinasi FKC dan LPS pada induk berpotensi meningkatkan kekebalan induk dan melindungi benih dari infeksi A. hydrophila. Kata kunci: Aeromonas hydrophila, antibodi, imunitas induk, nila, vaksinasi
4
Liu, Mingdian, Junqiang Lin, Qidong Peng, Lixiong Yu, Daqing Chen, Shaoping Liu, and Xinbin Duan. "Relationship between the Distribution of Broodstock and Vorticity of Spawning Grounds of Four Major Chinese Carps in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River during Ecological Operation of the Three Gorges Dam." Water 10, no. 10 (October 22, 2018): 1487. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10101487.
Full textAbstract:
Hydrodynamic characteristics of spawning grounds are important factors affecting the spawning of four major Chinese carps (Mylopharyngodon piceus, Ctenopharyngodon idella, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, and Aristichthys nobilis). To investigate the relationship between the preferred hydrodynamic characteristics of spawning sites and the response of fish spawning behavior, we monitored the flow field of spawning sites during ecological operation of the Three Gorges Dam (i.e., man-made flood regulation) in 2014 and 2015. We used the data to explore the correlation between vorticity changes in spawning grounds and the spawning amount. Pearson correlation coefficients of the average vorticity in all cross-sections of the Yidu spawning ground and spawning amount in 2014 and 2015 were 0.730 and 0.822, respectively, indicating a significant positive correlation between vorticity and spawning activity. In some specific regions, this correlation was even stronger (Pearson correlations of the regional vorticity and egg production were >0.95). To further corroborate and analyze the relationship between these specific regions and the distribution of broodstock during the breeding season, an ultrasonic telemetry test of broodstock was conducted in the Yidu spawning ground in 2016. The results showed that the broodstocks were concentrated in the reach near the Quantong Pier (~76 km from the Three Gorges Dam). These regions were consistent with areas of river characterized by highly correlated vorticity and egg production levels, suggesting that these regions are areas preferred by four major Chinese carps for spawning.
5
Ayuningtyas, Safira Qisthina, Muhammad Zairin Jr., and Widanarni. "Reproductive performance of catfish Clarias sp. with probiotics Bacillus sp. NP5 addition through feed." Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia 19, no. 1 (August 5, 2020): 74–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.19027/jai.19.1.74-83.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT
The intensification of catfish culture requires a regular and sustainable good seeds quality. Microbial-based aquaculture with probiotic application is expected to improve the reproductive performance of catfish. The aim of this study was to evaluate the reproductive performance of catfish given probiotics Bacillus sp. NP5 with different concentrations through feed. This study used a Completely Randomized Block Design (CRBD) with the administration of probiotic Bacillus sp. NP5 at 2% concentration of 108 CFU/mL and 1010 CFU/mL in feed given and control (without probiotics), then repeated four times. Catfish broodstocks with an average size of 955 ± 261.27 g were kept in a net sized 1 m×1 m×1 m with seven broodstocks per net. Parameters observed included the Gonadosomatic Index (GSI), fecundity, number of matured eggs, frequency distribution of egg diameter, fertilization rate, and hatching rate. The result showed that the GSI value of female catfish broodstock was significantly different in sixth week as the highest value was obtained from 1010 CFU/mL probiotics with 5.19%. Moreover, the fecundity of all treatments showed significantly different results (P<0.05) as the highest value was on the concentration of 1010 CFU/mL Bacillus sp. NP5 with 137,123 ± 32,635 eggs/broodstock. This study concludes that the administration of probiotics Bacillus sp. NP5 with 1010 CFU/mL in feed given to catfish broodstock increases the fecundity (137,123 eggs/broodstock), GSI (5.19%), number of matured eggs percentage (64.50%), and hatching rate (82.53%).
Keywords: Bacillus sp. NP5, catfish, reproductive performance
ABSTRAK
Intensifikasi budidaya ikan lele menuntut penyediaan benih yang berkualitas secara teratur dan berkelanjutan. Budidaya berbasis mikroba diharapkan dapat meningkatkan kinerja reproduksi ikan lele. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengevaluasi performa reproduksi ikan lele yang diberi probiotik Bacillus sp. NP5 dengan konsentrasi berbeda melalui pakan. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok lengkap (RAKL) dengan pemberian probiotik Bacillus sp. NP5 pada konsentrasi 108 CFU/mL dan 1010 CFU/mL sebanyak 2% dari pakan yang diberikan serta kontrol (tanpa pemberian probiotik), masing-masing dengan empat ulangan. Induk ikan lele dengan ukuran 955 ± 261.27 g dipelihara pada jaring hapa ukuran 1 m × 1 m × 1 m sebanyak tujuh ekor per jaring hapa. Parameter yang diamati meliputi indeks kematangan gonad (IKG), fekunditas, jumlah telur matang, sebaran frekuensi diameter telur, derajat pembuahan, dan derajat penetasan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai IKG induk betina ikan lele berbeda nyata pada minggu keenam dengan nilai tertinggi diperoleh pada perlakuan probiotik 1010 CFU/mL yaitu sebesar 5.19%. Selain itu, fekunditas semua perlakuan menunjukkan hasil yang berbeda nyata (P<0.05) dengan nilai tertinggi pada perlakuan pemberian probiotik Bacillus sp. NP5 dengan konsentrasi 1010 CFU/mL sebesar 137,123 ± 32,635 telur/induk. Kesimpulan, pemberian probiotik Bacillus sp. NP5 dengan konsentrasi 1010 CFU/mL melalui pakan kepada induk ikan lele mampu meningkatkan nilai fekunditas 137,123 telur/induk, GSI 5,19%, persentase jumlah telur matang 64,50% dan derajat penetasan telur 82,53%.
Kata kunci: Bacillus sp., ikan lele, performa reproduksi
6
Mamedov, Chingiz Agamusa oglu, Kamran Vugar oglu Shafiyev, and Sabir Nariman oglu Ganizade. "Formation of broodstocks and commercial productive stocks of sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus Linnaeus, 1758), beluga (Huso huso Linnaeus, 1758) and bester (Huso huso × Acipenser ruthenus) in Azerbaijan." Rybovodstvo i rybnoe hozjajstvo (Fish Breeding and Fisheries), no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 18–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/sel-09-2103-02.
Full textAbstract:
The results of formation of broodstocks and commercial productive stocks of sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus Linnaeus, 1758), beluga (Huso huso Linnaeus, 1758) and bester (Huso huso × Acipenser ruthenus) on the Samukh commercial farm in Republic of Azerbaijan are presented. In 2019, for the first time in the history of fishbreeding in Azerbaijan, a progeny was received from grown “from eggs” sterlet females at age of 4 years at the Samukh fish farm using RAS. The mature eggs were stripped using minimally invasive microsurgery method by S.B. Podushka. After the egg collection sterlet females were transferred into holding basins for rehabilitation, further growing and second maturation. The total number of sterlet larvae from domestic broodstock exceeded 100 thousand. An ovulated beluga eggs were received from grown in aquaculture females at the age of 15 in December 2020. In result of fertilization of beluga eggs by sterlet sperm, hybrid (♀ Huso huso × ♂ Acipenser ruthenus) progeny was obtained and successfully grown on the farm. In future the domestic bester broodstock would be formed. The received data demonstrated that functional development of fingerlings and juveniles of sterlet “from eggs” sterlet farm took place without noticeable deviations from physiological normal physiological indices. The number of red blood cells per unit volume of blood increased in ontogenesis. On the contrary the number of white blood cells had seasonal variability and did not directly depend on the age of young sterlet.
7
Ferosekhan, Shajahan, Serhat Turkmen, Cathaysa Pérez-García, Hanlin Xu, Ana Gómez, Nazeemashahul Shamna, Juan Manuel Afonso, et al. "Influence of Genetic Selection for Growth and Broodstock Diet n-3 LC-PUFA Levels on Reproductive Performance of Gilthead Seabream, Sparus aurata." Animals 11, no. 2 (February 17, 2021): 519. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11020519.
Full textAbstract:
Genetic selection in gilthead seabream (GSB), Sparus aurata, has been undertaken to improve the growth, feed efficiency, fillet quality, skeletal deformities and disease resistance, but no study is available to delineate the effect of genetic selection for growth trait on GSB reproductive performance under mass spawning condition. In this study, high growth (HG) or low growth (LG) GSB broodstock were selected to evaluate the sex steroid hormones, sperm, egg quality and reproductive performance under different feeding regime of commercial diet or experimental broodstock diet containing either fish oil (FO) or vegetable oil (VO) based diet. Under commercial diet feeding phase, broodstock selected for either high growth or low growth did not show any significant changes in the egg production per kg female whereas egg viability percentage was positively (p = 0.014) improved by the high growth trait broodstock group. The experimental diet feeding results revealed that both growth trait and dietary fatty acid composition influenced the reproductive performance of GSB broodstock. In the experimental diet feeding phase, we observed high growth trait GSB males produced a higher number of sperm cells (p < 0.001) and also showed a higher sperm motility (p = 0.048) percentage. The viable egg and larval production per spawn per kg female were significantly improved by the broodstock selected for high growth trait and fed with fish oil-based diet. This present study results signifies that gilthead seabream broodstock selected on growth trait could have positive role in improvement of sperm and egg quality to produce viable progeny.
8
Hardy, Ronald W. "Broodstock management and egg and larval quality." Aquaculture 141, no. 1-2 (May 1996): 140–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(96)85211-2.
Full text
9
Effendi, Irzal, T. Prasetya, Agus Oman Sudrajat, N. Suhenda, and K. Sumawidjaja. "Gonad Maturation of Clown Loach (Botia macracanthus) in Pond." Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia 2, no. 2 (August 1, 2007): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.19027/jai.2.51-54.
Full textAbstract:
<p>The objective of this research is to know the gonad maturation of clown loach <em>{Botia macracanthus) </em>reared in pond. Two groups contain 4 female broodstock; I) carried and II) non-carried egg broodstock were reared in two separated hapas which placed in pond. Each hapa was also stocked nine males. The fish were fed pellet (32,33% protein) 10% biomass, daily in three times. After 20 days, the broodstocks were implanted by LHRH-a 100 u.g/kg of body weight. In the group I, diameter of egg in gonad were developed from 1,028 mm at the beginning of implantation to 1,071 and 1,106 mm at day of 15 and 30 after implantation respectively. In the group II, only one female has developed her gonad successfully. The egg was developed to 0,937 and 1,026 mm after 15 and 30 day implantation respectively.</p> <p>Key words : Gonad maturation, clown loach, <em>Botia macracanthus, </em>pond</p> <p> </p> <p>ABSTRAK</p> <p>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pematangan gonad induk ikan botia <em>(Botia macracanthus) </em>yang dipelihara di kolam. Dua kelompok induk betina; I) sudah mengandung telur dan II) belum mengandung telur masing-masing sebanyak 4 ekor dipelihara masing-masing dalam 2 hapa. Ke dalam setiap hapa juga ditempatkan induk jantan sebanyak 9 ekor. Induk diberi pakan berupa pelet (protein, 32,33%) sebanyak 10% dari bobot biomasa per hari, 3 kali sehari, dan diberi LHRH-a dengan dosis 100 ng/kg bobot tubuh secara implantasi pada hari ke 20 pemeliharaan. Induk dalam kelompok pertama telurnya berkembang dari rata-rata 1,028 pada saat pemberian LHRH-a menjadi rata-rata 1,071 dan 1,106 mm masing-masing pada hari ke 15 dan 30 setelah pemberian. Pada kelompok kedua hanya satu ekor induk yang berkembang gonadnya setelah diberi LHRH-a. telur induk ikan tersebut berkembang dari 0,937 menjadi 1,026 mm masing pada hari ke 15 dan 30 setelah implantasi.</p> Kata kunci : Pematangan gonad, ikan botia, <em>Botia macracanthus, </em>kolam
10
Tahapari, Evi, Jadmiko Darmawan, Adam Robisalmi, and Priadi Setyawan. "PENAMBAHAN VITAMIN E DALAM PAKAN TERHADAP KUALITAS REPRODUKSI INDUK IKAN NILA (Oreochromis niloticus)." Jurnal Riset Akuakultur 14, no. 4 (December 31, 2019): 243. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jra.14.4.2019.243-252.
Full textAbstract:
Penambahan vitamin E sintetis pada pakan induk sangat penting, karena vitamin E tidak dapat disintesis oleh ikan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui penambahan vitamin E dalam pakan terhadap kualitas reproduksi induk ikan nila. Penelitian dilakukan di Balai Riset Pemuliaan Ikan (BRPI) Sukamandi selama tiga bulan. Pakan uji adalah pakan formulasi berkadar protein kasar 35,83%-36,13%; lemak kasar 8,17%-9,79%; BETN 43,10%-45,72%; dan serat kasar 1,98%-2,58% dengan penambahan vitamin E berbeda, yaitu: A) 0 (kontrol), B) 150, C) 225, dan D) 300 mg/kg pakan. Ikan uji berumur 6,5 bulan sebanyak 80 ekor betina dan 40 ekor jantan, dan setiap induk ikan betina diberi tanda (tagging). Wadah ikan uji adalah jaring hapa berukuran 3 m x 2 m x 1,25 m sebanyak empat buah yang ditempatkan di kolam tanah seluas 6.000 m2 dengan ketinggian air ± 1 m. Setiap jaring diisi 20 ekor induk betina dan 10 ekor induk jantan. Parameter yang diamati adalah: gonad somatik indeks, frekuensi pemijahan, fekunditas, diameter telur, derajat tetas telur, produksi larva, abnormalitas larva, dan gonad pada akhir percobaan. Sampling dilakukan setiap satu minggu sekali selama tiga bulan pemeliharaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan vitamin E 225 mg/kg pakan memberikan hasil terbaik, dapat meningkatkan produksi larva sebesar 78,55% dibanding dengan tanpa penambahan vitamin E (kontrol). Jumlah induk memijah sebesar 85% dengan jumlah frekuensi pemijahan terbanyak yaitu 28 kali dan total produksi larva tertinggi yaitu 37.927 ekor (produktivitas induk 2.231 larva/ekor) dan rataan fekunditas individu sebesar 1.886 ± 513 butir.The addition of synthetic vitamin E in broodstock feed is a necessity due to fish inability to synthesized vitamin E. Currently, there is limited information on vitamin E requirement to boost the reproductive performance of tilapia. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of vitamin E in feed on the reproductive performance of tilapia broodstock. The study was conducted for three months at the Sukamandi Fish Breeding Research Center. The test feeds were formulated feeds with crude protein content of 35.83%-36.13%, crude fat 8.17%-9.79%, NFE 43.10%-45.72%, and crude fiber of 1.98%-2.58% with the addition of different vitamin E, namely: A) 0 (control), B) 150, C) 225, and D) 300 mg/kg of feed. The test fish were aged 6.5 months consisted of 80 females and 40 males, where each female was given a unique tagging code. The fish were reared in four hapa nets sized 3 m x 2 m x 1.25 m which were constructed in a pond of 6,000 m2 with a water level of ± 1 m. Each hapa net contained 20 female and ten male broodstocks. The parameters observed were: gonadal somatic index, spawning frequency, fecundity, egg diameter, hatching rate, larval production, larval abnormalities, and gonadal development at the end of the experiment. Sampling was done once a week during the three months of the experiment. The results showed that the addition of vitamin E 225 mg/kg of feed gave the best results. Larval production increased by 78.55% compared to without the addition of vitamin E (control). The percentage of spawning broodstock was 85% with the highest number of spawning frequencies of 28 times, the highest total larvae production of 37,927 larvae (broodstock productivity 2,231 larvae/fish), and the average individual fecundity of 1,886 ± 513 eggs.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Broodstock. eng"
1
Andrade, Vanessa Xavier Linhares de. "Desempenho reprodutivo do pintado, Pseudoplatystoma corruscans (Spix & Agassiz,1829), criado em sistema intensivo com dietas contendo diferentes níveis proteícos e suplementada com óleo de milho /." Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/100219.
Full textAbstract:
Resumo: O presente trabalho objetivou investigar o efeito da adição de de óleo de milho em dietas com diferentes níveis de proteína bruta, para o pintado, Pseudoplatystoma corruscans, no processo de maturação dos gametas quando mantidos em tanques-rede. Para isso foram avaliados: sobrevivência, relação peso vs comprimento, fator de condição e índice gonadossomático. Além dos índices plasmáticos (colesterol, triglicerídeos, lipídios e proteínas totais e ácidos graxos livres) e o perfil de ácidos graxos nos tecidos dessas matrizes. O experimento foi realizado no Pólo Regional, APTA, Pariquera- Açu, SP, de mar/04 a fev/06. Os tratamentos foram: T1: 28% PB; T2: 28% PB + 5% óleo e T3: 40% PB. As dietas não afetaram a qualidade da água nem o crescimento nos 1º e 2º anos de vida. As taxas de sobrevivência foram superiores a 77%. As rações ofertadas não alteraram o processo de maturação gonadal da espécie. Os peixes apresentaram valores elevados de colesterol, triglicerídeos e lipídios totais, quando acondicionados, justificado pelo fato dos animais estarem se adaptando às novas condições. Essa adaptação também levou a um consumo inicial da fração neutra dos SFA nos tecidos, exceto o adiposo. O óleo à dieta provocou aumento nos teores de PUFA n-6 (incluindo o AA) no músculo das fêmeas, importante reserva energética na atividade migratória. Os HUFA e o LA foram incorporados, preferenciamente aos TGs ovarianos, evidenciando função energética aos ovócitos em formação. Fêmeas estão elongando e desaturando os ácidos graxos para formar AA (a partir do LA), DHA e EPA (a partir do LnA). O estudo indicou que a ração de 28% PB, precisa de mais n-3, preferencialmente EPA e DHA em sua composição, uma fez que foram baixos seus teores nos músculo e fígado o que poderiam ter sido mobilizados aos ovócitos em formação ao final da maturação.Abstract: The present work aimed to investigate the effect of the addition of C18:2n6, through the corn oil inclusion in diets with different meaning of crude protein, of the surubim, Pseudoplatystoma corruscans, on the process of gamet maturation, for fish maintained in cages. The experiment was conducted in Regional Polo, Pariquera-Açu, SP, mar./04 to feb./06, whith 12 cages distributed in six tanks, with 20 fishes per cage. It was elaborated three treatments, being two repetitions/tank: T1: 28% CP; T2: 28% CP + 5% corn oil and T3: 40% CP. The diets seems not to have affected the water's quality neither the growth in the 1st and 2nd years old, with a growth superior lightly of the fish of T3. The survival rates were superior to 77%. It can be inferred that the offered diet did not cause hystomorfologic alterations during the process of gonadal maturation of this species. However, the index gonadossomático (IGS) and the condition factor (K) were slightly advanced and superior in the animals fed with the diet enriched with corn oil.
Orientador: Elizabeth Romagosa
Coorientador: Maria Beatriz P.P. Oliveira
Banca: Gilberto Moraes
Banca: Gustavo Orlando Bonilla Rodríguez
Banca: Wilson Rogério Boscolo
Banca: Neuza Jorge
Doutor
2
Pereira, Thiago Scremin. "Suplementação de selênio orgânico em dietas de reprodutores de tilápia-do-Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus) /." Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/86757.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: João Batista Kochenborger FernandesBanca: Sérgio Fonseca Zaiden
Banca: Giovani Sampaio Gonçalves
Resumo: Os minerais são essenciais para a reprodução dos peixes, no entanto, as exigências para as espécies tropicais de peixes ainda são pouco conhecidas. Portanto, o presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o desempenho reprodutivo, o diâmetro do ovo e a qualidade espermática de reprodutores de tilápia-do-nilo (Oreochromis niloticus) alimentadas com dietas suplementadas com selênio orgânico. Foram utilizados 80 peixes adultos, com peso médio de 121,7 g, previamente sexados e identificados. Os animais foram marcados individualmente e divididos em grupos de quatro peixes (3 fêmeas e 1 macho) e estocados em 20 tanques de 1500 litros. Os peixes foram alimentados com dietas isocalóricas e isoprotéicas contendo cinco diferentes níveis de suplementação com selênio orgânico (0,0; 0,25; 0,50; 0,75 e 1,0 mg/kg-1). Durante o período experimental (84 dias) as fêmeas de todas as unidades experimentais foram capturadas a cada três dias para coletar os ovos da boca e os machos capturados mensalmente para a coleta de sêmen. O delineamento experimental aplicado para o estudo do desempenho reprodutivo foi inteiramente casualizado com cinco tratamentos e quatro repetições. A análise estatística dos resultados foi realizada com a utilização do programa estatístico SAS 9.0. Ao final do período experimental foi observado que a suplementação com selênio orgânico nos níveis estudados não apresentou diferenças estatísticas (p>0,05) paro o desempenho reprodutivo, assim como, para a qualidade espermática e o diâmetro dos ovos
Abstract: The minerals are important for the fish reproduction. However, the requirements for tropical fish aren't defined. The aim of this study was evaluate the reproductive performance, the sperm quality and the diameters eggs of Nile tilápia broodstocks (Oreochromis niloticus) fed with supplemented diets contained differents levels of organic selenium. Were utilized eighty adult fishes of Nile tilapia with mean weight of 121,7 g, previously identified and sexed. The animals were marked individually and divided into groups of four fish (3 females and 1 male) and stocked in 20 tanks of 1500 liters. The fish were fed with isocaloric and isoproteic diets contained five differents levels of supplemented with organic selenium (0; 0,25; 0,5; 0,75 and 1,0 mg/kg). During the experimental period (84 days) the females of all tanks were caught the each three days to collect the egg and males captured monthly for the collect of semen. The experimental design was evaluated with experimental design entirely randomized, contained five treatments and four replicates. Statistical analysis of results was performed using the statistical program SAS 9.0. After 84 days it was observed that supplementation with organic selenium did not affect (p> 0.05) reproductive performance, the sperm quality and egg diameter. Based on these results can be concluded that supplementation with organic selenium not affects apparently the reproductive performance of Nile tilapia matrices
Mestre
3
Leal, Ana Maria. "Conditioning of Manila clam broodstock on natural and artificial diets." Thesis, Bangor University, 1994. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/conditioning-of-manila-clam-broodstock-on-natural-and-artificial-diets(0ec43f18-fa32-4d46-9dab-e8e7ea2979ee).html.
Full textAbstract:
Two trials in 1991 and another two in 1992 were carried out on the broodstock conditioning of Manila clams, Tapes philippinarum. The main objective was to manipulate the lipid and polyunsaturated fatty acid content of Manila clam eggs by maintaining broodstock in different dietary regimes. The second objective was to assess dried algae as alternative diets for conditioning broodstock. Clams were brought into the laboratory from the natural environment early in the year, before gametogenesis had started. Supplements of cultured live (Dunaliella tertiolecta, Skeletonema costatum, Tetraselmis suecica and Isochrysis galbana) and dried algae (T. suecica) diets were fed to the broodstock, usually in a range of mixed diets, at rations equivalent to 3% or 6% of the initial dry meat weight of the broodstock in dry weight of algae per day. The microalgae differed in their long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid content (PUFA). Unfed control clams received only the organic material which remained in the sea water after sand filtration. The nutritional value of these diets in relation to gametogenesis, fecundity, quality of eggs, and viability and growth of larvae were assessed. Dry T. suecica was the same food value as live T. suecica but Manila clams produced more eggs if supplements of live algae were added. The requirement for conditioning Manila clams (32 mm shell length) to spawn with live or dry T. suecica+S. costatum was 500 to 700 "day-degrees" (D°). With dry T. suecica on its own or mixed with I. galbana, S. costatum and D. tertiolecta it was 500 to 600 Do (44 mm shell length). In one trial clams spawned in the tanks (equivalent to 462 Do) before the first attempt to spawn them was made. Successful spawning was dependent on the quantity and quality of the algal diet during gametogenesis. With a 6% food ration, clams fed dry T. suecica+S. costatum or dry T. suecica+l. galbana produced the highest number of eggs (an average of 3.2 and 4.5 million eggs per female, respectively). The average fecundity was 83% lower when the diet was reduced to a 3% food ration. The dry meat weight, condition index and fecundity of fed broodstock were significantly higher than for unfed animals. The quantity of lipid in the eggs, usually between 4 and 9 ng egg-1, was similar whatever the broodstock diet. However, levels of the essential polyunsaturated fatty acids 20: 5w3 and 22: 6w3 in the eggs were low if the broodstock diet was deficient in these PUFAs. Even though diet manipulation caused changes in the fatty acid composition of the eggs, growth and survival of Manila clam larvae was not reduced in a hatchery situation.
4
Sawanboonchun, Jarin. "Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.) broodstock nutrition : the role of arachidonic acid and astaxanthin as determinants of egg quality." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/1735.
Full textAbstract:
Cod hatcheries rely greatly on wild-caught broodstock as egg quality from farm-reared broodstock tends to be poor. Broodstock diet and levels of essential fatty acids have been linked to fecundity and egg quality in cod. Arachidonic acid (ARA) and astaxanthin (Ax) are important nutrients linked to fish egg quality and differences in levels have ben found between eggs from wild and farmed cod. The aim of this thesis was to investigate the impact of dietary supplementation with ARA and Ax on fecundity and egg quality in cod. The first experiment investigated the effect of feeding a diet supplemented with ARA, for 1, 2 or 3 months prior to peak spawning. Results showed that supplementation increased ARA in eggs and that Groups fed the supplement had improved fecundity and egg quality (though with no correlation between the duration of supplementation and number/quality of eggs). The second experiment investigated the effect of supplementation of Ax in broodstock diets on egg quality in farmed cod and showed that Ax was taken up into eggs and that fish fed supplemented diet had improved fecundity and egg quality. The third experiment compared the effect of diet supplementation with ARA and Ax on egg quality in wild and farmed cod and showed that despite the dietary supplementation, wild origin fish performed better on a number of egg quality and fecundity indices. However, it was not possible to take the greater ages and spawning experience of the wild broodstock into account, which may have influenced the results. The fourth experiment measured lipid and fatty acid profiles of eggs from two UK cod hatcheries. Variation was found between farms and across seasons. Results showed that supplementation of cod broodstock diet with ARA and Ax had a positive impact on egg quality and fecundity, although effects were not consistent across all egg quality parameters.
5
Bruce, Michael Patrick. "Broodstock management and nutrition and egg and larval quality in the Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus) and European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax)." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/1696.
Full textAbstract:
Commercial aquaculture for marine species is gaining importance in todays industry. Over fishing of the natural recource has sadly meant that many of the higher predators halibut, turbot, seabass, sea bream and tuna are now financially suitable for the industry. This thesis covers a wide range of topics involving two of the most valuable marine species, namely the Atlantic halibut and European seabas, from broodstock to larval first-feeding. Broodstock husbandry and especially nutrition are often the last to receive attention. This study shows that careful management of the broodstock, firstly by the close timing of stripping, secondly enhancement of the broodstock diet with n-3 and n-6 HUFA can increase both fecundity and egg quality right up to the point where the larvae switch from endogenous to exogenous feeding. The implications for the industry for these two species are twofold. Firstly, The identification that halibut eggs can be fertilised within 6 hours of ovulation with no detrimental effects on fertilisation rates and subsequent egg performance means that eggs could be transported to specialist egg and larval rearing units. Thus the potential exists for the industry to be divided into separate units dealing with different stages of the life cycle much like the salmon industry. Secondly, the development of an artificial pelleted brood stock diet would mean that problems of consistency and quality and also the dangers of disease infection via the feed can be removed from broodstock management. The stage of first-feeding for halibut is still considered to be the main bottleneck in the production of this species. The current work has shown that small systems of 100-1 can be used to successfully rear halibut larvae. Although careful consideration must be made of the system design to ensure that predator (larvae) and prey (Artemia) remain homogeneously dispersed. Also, the need to use rotifers at first feed has been shown to be unecessary. However, nutrition of first-feeding larvae still requires the use of wild zooplankton to ensure successful pigmentation. Yet, Artemia supplied with commercial enrichments still perform adequately in terms of their overall growth.
6
Grant, Bridie. "Development of broodstock management and husbandry tools for improved hatchery performance of ballan wrasse (Labrus bergylta)." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/24416.
Full textAbstract:
Cleaner fish, including ballan wrasse (Labrus bergylta) have been proposed as a sustainable solution to sea lice infestations affecting farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) globally. However, in order to become sustainable, ballan wrasse need to be farmed. This thesis investigated the establishment of captive broodstock and protocols to optimise hatchery performance and productivity of ballan wrasse. High throughput sequencing was used to develop a panel of novel single nucleotide polymorphic markers (SNPs). These SNPs were used to investigate the phylogeographic structuring of ballan wrasse populations within northern geographic ranges including the UK and Norway. Results indicated fine scale population structuring within the UK suggesting that founder broodstock should be sourced locally to minimise the risk of genetic introgression with wild ballan wrasse. Secondly, captive breeding was benchmarked from harems to determine total egg production over the spawning season. Data quantified the spawning periodicity and seasonal changes in egg quality parameters. In addition, microsatellite markers identified the parental contribution to each spawning event of captive broodstock. Results confirmed, for the first time, the repeat-batch spawning behaviour and suggested that spawning events were single-paired matings. Furthermore, bottlenecks in commercial production were investigated including the benthic adhesive eggs and complex spawning behaviours of ballan wrasse within broodstock tanks. Experiments were conducted to optimise the spawning dynamics and egg productivity using fragmented spawning zones and coloured substrates. Finally, an effective bath treatment for removal of the adhesive gum layer of eggs using the proteolytic enzyme alcalase® was found to assist in egg disinfection and incubation. Overall, this research provides important baseline data on the management of broodstock and the optimisation of hatchery protocols to improve the commercial productivity and performance of ballan wrasse for use as a biological control of sea lice of farmed Atlantic salmon.
7
Ganeswaran, Kanagasabai N. "Reproductive performance of giant freshwater prawn M. rosenbergii (de man) with special reference to broodstock age, size and nutrition, egg production and larval quality." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.292485.
Full text
8
Pereira, Thiago Scremin [UNESP]. "Suplementação de selênio orgânico em dietas de reprodutores de tilápia-do-Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus)." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/86757.
Full textAbstract:
Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:22:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
Previous issue date: 2009-08-28Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:28:43Z : No. of bitstreams: 1
pereira_ts_me_jabo.pdf: 705001 bytes, checksum: e772d11fd7b63b032989b0836a8266ad (MD5)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
Os minerais são essenciais para a reprodução dos peixes, no entanto, as exigências para as espécies tropicais de peixes ainda são pouco conhecidas. Portanto, o presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o desempenho reprodutivo, o diâmetro do ovo e a qualidade espermática de reprodutores de tilápia-do-nilo (Oreochromis niloticus) alimentadas com dietas suplementadas com selênio orgânico. Foram utilizados 80 peixes adultos, com peso médio de 121,7 g, previamente sexados e identificados. Os animais foram marcados individualmente e divididos em grupos de quatro peixes (3 fêmeas e 1 macho) e estocados em 20 tanques de 1500 litros. Os peixes foram alimentados com dietas isocalóricas e isoprotéicas contendo cinco diferentes níveis de suplementação com selênio orgânico (0,0; 0,25; 0,50; 0,75 e 1,0 mg/kg-1). Durante o período experimental (84 dias) as fêmeas de todas as unidades experimentais foram capturadas a cada três dias para coletar os ovos da boca e os machos capturados mensalmente para a coleta de sêmen. O delineamento experimental aplicado para o estudo do desempenho reprodutivo foi inteiramente casualizado com cinco tratamentos e quatro repetições. A análise estatística dos resultados foi realizada com a utilização do programa estatístico SAS 9.0. Ao final do período experimental foi observado que a suplementação com selênio orgânico nos níveis estudados não apresentou diferenças estatísticas (p>0,05) paro o desempenho reprodutivo, assim como, para a qualidade espermática e o diâmetro dos ovos
The minerals are important for the fish reproduction. However, the requirements for tropical fish aren’t defined. The aim of this study was evaluate the reproductive performance, the sperm quality and the diameters eggs of Nile tilápia broodstocks (Oreochromis niloticus) fed with supplemented diets contained differents levels of organic selenium. Were utilized eighty adult fishes of Nile tilapia with mean weight of 121,7 g, previously identified and sexed. The animals were marked individually and divided into groups of four fish (3 females and 1 male) and stocked in 20 tanks of 1500 liters. The fish were fed with isocaloric and isoproteic diets contained five differents levels of supplemented with organic selenium (0; 0,25; 0,5; 0,75 and 1,0 mg/kg). During the experimental period (84 days) the females of all tanks were caught the each three days to collect the egg and males captured monthly for the collect of semen. The experimental design was evaluated with experimental design entirely randomized, contained five treatments and four replicates. Statistical analysis of results was performed using the statistical program SAS 9.0. After 84 days it was observed that supplementation with organic selenium did not affect (p> 0.05) reproductive performance, the sperm quality and egg diameter. Based on these results can be concluded that supplementation with organic selenium not affects apparently the reproductive performance of Nile tilapia matrices
9
Acosta-Salmon, Hector. "Broodstock management and egg quality of the pearl oysters Pinctada margaritifera and Pinctada fucata." 2004. http://eprints.jcu.edu.au/941/1/01front.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Marine pearl culture is one of the most valuable aquaculture industries in the world with a total estimated value of about US$500 million. The major pearl producing nations are Australia and French Polynesia and, although reliable methods for hatchery culture of pearl oysters were developed in the 1980’s and 1990’s, pearl production in these countries still relies primarily on oysters collected from the wild. Generally, the cultured pearl industry, particularly the ‘black’ pearl industry, has been slow to adopt important advances in aquaculture and other relevant disciplines and is still based on ‘traditional’ methods. Nevertheless, over recent years there has been increasing interest in research relating to general culture methods for pearl oysters and pearl oyster genetics (particularly relating to pearl quality), and there has been increasing reliance on hatchery production. This study addressed important issues relating to broodstock selection, breeding cycle and egg quality in pearl oysters. Pinctada margaritifera and P. fucata were exposed to propylene phenoxetol at a concentration of 2.5 mL L-1 and benzocaine at concentrations of 250, 500 and 1200 mg L-1. Once relaxed, oysters were observed every 5 minutes to evaluate the condition of the mantle and gills. Oysters were classified as either ‘suitable saibo’ or ‘nonsuitable saibo’ depending on their suitability for use as saibo donors for pearl production. Survival of oysters in all treatments was 100%. With the exception of oysters relaxed with 250 mg L-1 of benzocaine, where no relaxation was recorded, oysters exposed to all other treatments became relaxed and showed good condition and acceptable characteristics to be used as saibo donors. To determine whether mantle tissue could be removed from oysters without mortality, P. margaritifera and P. fucata were anaesthetised with 500 mg L-1 of benzocaine and had the ventral margin of either their left, right or both left and right mantle lobes removed. Survival after 4 weeks was 100% for all treatments and oysters showed regeneration of excised mantle tissue. Mantle border grew back to almost its original extent within 60 days after excision. Muscular fibres within the new tissue were not seen until 30 days after mantle excision. Functional (secretory) abilities were presumably recovered before day 15 when conchiolin secretions and secretory cells were seen in the newly regenerated epithelia. Mantle regeneration in P. margaritifera up to 90 days after mantle excision was similar to that for P. fucata. Anaesthetised oysters can provide mantle tissue for pearl seeding and be kept alive for future uses which may include receptors for pearl production (following seeding season) as broodstock (only those providing mantle that produced high quality pearls) and possibly as multiple saibo donors. A biopsy technique to obtain gonad tissue was assessed in P. margaritifera. Prior to biopsy, oysters were anaesthetised with 2 mL L-1 of propylene phenoxetol. Three different 9 cm long biopsy needles (16, 18 and 20 gauge) with a 10 mm sample notch, were compared as a means of obtaining gonad tissue from 20 oysters. Samples were removed from each oyster using each of the 3 biopsy needles. Following the biopsy procedure, each oyster was killed and the gonad sectioned for standard histological preparation. Samples were observed microscopically to assess gonad condition and to compare samples taken using biopsy with those taken using destructive sampling. Oysters showed 100% recovery from the anaesthetic and biopsy procedure after 2 weeks. Non-destructive biopsy sampling was an accurate means of assessing gonad condition in male pearl oysters. However, the use of thicker biopsy needles (e.g. 14 or 12 gauge) may allow better interpretation of gonad stage, particularly in female oysters for which results showed that 16 gauge biopsy needles (the thickest used in this study) were unsatisfactory. Collection of oysters from culture stock held at Magnetic Island and Orpheus Island was conducted from August 2003 to February 2004 to describe biochemical and histological changes associated to gamete development. Six oysters from each site were collected every month for seven months. Samples of mantle, adductor muscle, gonad and digestive gland were obtained for biochemical analyses. Two spawning peaks (winter and summer) were confirmed for P. margaritifera in north Queensland. The adductor muscle played an important role in storage of protein and carbohydrate during gonad development. To analyse changes in micronutrient composition during embryological development of P. margaritifera, samples of eggs, embryos and larvae were taken for GHWHUPLQDWLRQRIFDURWHQRLGDVFRUELFDFLGYLWDPLQ& -tocopherol (vitamin E) and fatty acid content 0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 24 and 46 h after fertilisation. Carotenoids were found only in trace amounts in P. margaritifera eggs and probably do not have an important role in embryo development. The vitamin C and vitamin E contents of P. margaritifera embryos increased with time and may not be limiting nutrients for embryological development. The fatty acids 14:0, 16:0 and most unsaturated C18s were highly utilised during embryological development of P. margaritifera as demonstrated by their decline during development. These fatty acids may be good indicators of egg quality. Much of the research in this study was conducted for the first time with pearl oysters. This study describes new and novel information relating to the breeding cycle, broodstock selection and egg quality of pearl oysters. The results of this study provide a basis for more efficient culture methods and may facilitate significant changes to traditional aspects of pearl oyster culture and pearl production.
10
Acosta-Salmón, Héctor. "Broodstock management and egg quality of the pearl oysters Pinctada margaritifera and Pinctada fucata /." 2004. http://eprints.jcu.edu.au/941.
Full textBooks on the topic "Broodstock. eng"
1
R, Bromage Niall, Roberts Ronald J. 1941-, and University of Stirling. Institute of Aquaculture., eds. Broodstock management and egg and larval quality. Oxford: Blackwell Science, 1995.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Broodstock. eng"
1
"Propagated Fish in Resource Management." In Propagated Fish in Resource Management, edited by BARRY BEREJIKIAN, THOMAS FLAGG, and PAUL KLINE. American Fisheries Society, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781888569698.ch20.
Full textAbstract:
<em>Abstract.</em>—Captive broodstocks have been initiated for maintenance and recovery of imperiled anadromous salmonid populations because they can provide a rapid demographic boost and reduce short-term extinction risk. As with captive propagation programs for other vertebrates, difficulties with reintroduction to the natural environment may impede success in achieving the program’s objectives. Strategies for reintroduction of anadromous salmonid captive broodstocks in the United States and Canada include release of captively reared adults (currently four programs), stocking their offspring as eyed eggs (two programs), parr (six programs), or smolts (nine programs). Captive broodstock programs that release adults considered the management objectives of (i) evaluating of different reintroduction strategies, and (ii) spreading the risk of failure of any one particular strategy to be much more important than programs that do not release adults. This distinction indicates that the programs releasing adults consider the strategy to be an experimental one that may serve to offset potential risks associated with juvenile release options. However, the finding that preventing extinction was considered to be very important in adult and juvenile release programs alike indicates that programs releasing adults believe the strategy, at a minimum, will not impede that objective. We summarized the salmonid literature on (1) natural and sexual selection during reproduction, (2) homing and straying, (3) rearing effects on social behavior, (4) domestication, and (5) survival as it relates to biological trade-offs of different reintroduction strategies for captive broodstocks. The adult release strategy provides potential biological benefits that include the opportunity for natural and sexual selection to occur on the spawning grounds—selection that is relaxed during artificial spawning. Adult release and egg stocking may reduce potential for unnaturally high straying rates and may minimize domestication selection of the offspring compared to programs that artificially spawn adults and release their offspring as smolts. The potential benefits of adult and egg releases must be weighed against (and may be offset by) the greater F1 production that could be achieved by releasing hatchery-reared smolts. A variety of reintroduction strategies will likely continue to be appropriate for captive broodstock programs.
2
"Propagated Fish in Resource Management." In Propagated Fish in Resource Management, edited by PATRICK L. HULETT, CAMERON S. SHARPE, and CHRIS W. WAGEMANN. American Fisheries Society, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781888569698.ch22.
Full textAbstract:
<em>Abstract.</em>—The use of local wild broodstocks for hatchery production, whether intended to boost natural production (supplementation) or to provide fishing opportunity (harvest augmentation), has increasingly been prescribed as a means to aid in the recovery of depressed salmonid stocks in the Pacific Northwest. Controversy over the efficacy and risks of such propagation programs continues despite years of recommendations from numerous science review panels that resolution of this issue is a critical need for development of recovery strategies. Moreover, a recent review of supplementation programs found them generally to be lacking key elements of evaluation. A particularly notable finding of that review was the absence of data on the performance of the hatchery fish in the wild or the survival of their naturally produced offspring. We propose here some key elements to be evaluated in supplementation type programs. We also report on observations from a steelhead <em>Oncorhynchus mykiss </em>wild broodstock program in the Kalama River (southwest Washington) that further emphasize the need for rigorous evaluation of such programs. For example, achieving basic program objectives (e.g., collecting representative broodstock, meeting rearing and release targets, and minimizing adverse ecological or genetic impacts of the propagation program on the wild population) involved unexpected logistical challenges that could hinder program success, yet could go unnoticed absent rigorous evaluation protocols. We also describe the magnitude of genetic swamping (Ryman- Laikre effect) that could result from the spawning of wild broodstock-origin adults that returned in 2002: up to 75% of the potential spawners were hatchery fish whose parents comprised only 18% of the wild population the previous generation. These observations support the contention that understanding the roles of propagated fish in the management, conservation, and recovery of salmonid fishes will not be obtained without substantial increases in the scope and rigor of evaluation of such programs.
3
"Muskellunge Management: Fifty Years of Cooperation Among Anglers, Scientists, and Fisheries Biologists." In Muskellunge Management: Fifty Years of Cooperation Among Anglers, Scientists, and Fisheries Biologists, edited by Zeb Woiak, Justin A. VanDeHey, and Brian L. Sloss. American Fisheries Society, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781934874462.ch63.
Full textAbstract:
<em>Abstract</em>.—In 2006, the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources’ Muskellunge <em>Esox masquinongy </em>propagation program underwent a series of strategic modifications aimed at protecting the genetic integrity of native populations and ensuring long-term sustainability of Muskellunge fisheries in Wisconsin. In addition to refined broodstock management strategies, mating and rearing strategies were refined to minimize changes in genetic diversity throughout the propagation process. To evaluate this goal, two specific criteria were developed. First, allele frequencies should not differ between the progeny life stages and the broodstock. Second, ≥95% of rare alleles found in the broodstock (alleles present at frequencies ≤5%) should be conserved within the progeny. Samples were collected during 2012 and 2013 at Governor Tommy Thompson Hatchery (GTH) and Art Oehmcke Hatchery (AOH) and were analyzed at 14 microsatellite loci. Overall, conservation of genetic diversity levels between life stages predicted by the prescribed changes to the propagation program was apparent and likely represented major improvements over historical techniques. Nevertheless, current results identified areas for further refinement. At each hatchery, at least one of the two specific criteria was met during both years. For example, AOH conserved more than 95% of rare alleles in both production years, but significant shifts in allele frequencies were observed during both years for the pooled fingerling sample and in the majority of individual rearing pond comparisons. The Governor Tommy Thompson state fish hatchery consistently demonstrated stability in allele frequencies among life stages during both years of the study. However, during 2013, less than 95% of the rare alleles present in the GTH broodstock were conserved in the progeny. Differences identified in the gamete collection protocols, specifically standardization of egg volume from each parental pairing (reducing variance in family size), will improve conservation of genetic diversity among life stages at both hatcheries.
4
"Early Life Stage Mortality Syndrome in Fishes of the Great Lakes and Baltic Sea." In Early Life Stage Mortality Syndrome in Fishes of the Great Lakes and Baltic Sea, edited by Dale C. Honeyfield, Kofi Fynn-Aikins, John D. Fitzsimons, and Jennifer A. Mota. American Fisheries Society, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781888569087.ch18.
Full textAbstract:
<em>Abstract</em>.—Dietary amprolium, a thiamine antagonist, was fed to lake trout <em>Salvelinus namaycush </em>broodstock from April to October before spawning to determine its effect on egg and tissue concentrations of thiamine, thiamine monophosphate, and thiamine pyrophosphate. The thiamine concentration of eggs from fish fed no amprolium was 61.8 nmol/g, whereas the concentration of thiamine in fish fed 0.05 and 0.10% amprolium was 4.02 and 1.71 nmol/g (<EM>P </EM>< 0.01), respectively. In lake trout fed 0.10% amprolium beginning in August, egg free thiamine concentration was reduced to 11.6 nmol/g. No sign of early mortality syndrome was observed in sac fry from eggs in this study, which suggests that thiamine concentrations in the egg were not low enough to be below a critical threshold or that factors other than thiamine are involved in early mortality syndrome.
5
"Paddlefish Management, Propagation, and Conservation in the 21st Century." In Paddlefish Management, Propagation, and Conservation in the 21st Century, edited by Brian L. Sloss, Robert A. Klumb, and Edward J. Heist. American Fisheries Society, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781934874127.ch19.
Full textAbstract:
<em>Abstract</em>.—The conservation of genetic diversity of our natural resources is overwhelmingly one of the central foci of 21st century management practices. Three recommendations related to the conservation of paddlefish <em>Polyodon spathula </em>genetic diversity are to (1) identify genetic diversity at both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA loci using a suggested list of 20 sampling locations, (2) use genetic diversity estimates to develop genetic management units, and (3) identify broodstock sources to minimize effects of supplemental stocking on the genetic integrity of native paddlefish populations. We review previous genetic work on paddlefish and described key principles and concepts associated with maintaining genetic diversity within and among paddlefish populations and also present a genetic case study of current paddlefish propagation at the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Gavins Point National Fish Hatchery. This study confirmed that three potential sources of broodfish were genetically indistinguishable at the loci examined, allowing the management agencies cooperating on this program flexibility in sampling gametes. This study also showed significant bias in the hatchery occurred in terms of male reproductive contribution, which resulted in a shift in the genetic diversity of progeny compared to the broodfish. This shift was shown to result from differential male contributions, partially attributed to the mode of egg fertilization. Genetic insights enable implementation of a paddlefish propagation program within an adaptive management strategy that conserves inherent genetic diversity while achieving demographic goals.
6
"Challenges for Diadromous Fishes in a Dynamic Global Environment." In Challenges for Diadromous Fishes in a Dynamic Global Environment, edited by Bror Jonsson and Nina Jonsson. American Fisheries Society, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781934874080.ch32.
Full textAbstract:
<em>Abstract</em>.-Populations of Atlantic salmon <em>Salmo salar </em>can be restored and enhanced through planting of green or eyed eggs (embryos) in rivers and by releasing fry, parr, smolts, or postsmolts. The success of the releases varies with time and site of release, broodstock origin, size and age of the fish, and rearing and release techniques applied. However, egg, fry or parr releases cannot be used for augmenting populations above the carrying capacity of the water course. To surpass the carrying capacity, the fish should be released as smolts or postsmolts. Smolts released in rivers during spring migrate to sea for feeding but return to the river of release for spawning. Atlantic salmon released at the postsmolt stage may return to the release site when adult, but thereafter, they may stray to any of a number of rivers for spawning. As a result of ecological interactions, released juvenile hatchery fish may partly displace, increase the mortality, and decrease the growth rate, adult size, reproductive output, biomass, and production of wild conspecifics through density-dependent mechanisms working in freshwater. Hatchery-reared Atlantic salmon are usually competitively inferior to wild conspecifics both during feeding and spawning in rivers, due to environmental impacts and genetic changes that occur during the juvenile rearing. Habitat restoration is preferred when restoring endangered, threatened, or weak populations. Degraded spawning habitats can be reconstructed, and poor freshwater quality can be mitigated. In regulated rivers, rapid fluctuations in water level should be avoided, and the migratory activity of the fish can be stimulated by increased water flow. Populations can also be enhanced by expanding the accessible nursery habitat by use of artificial fishways through human induced or natural migration hindrances. Adaptive management practice is useful when restoring and rehabilitating populations and habitats. More knowledge is needed about environmental and genetic influences on the phenotype of hatchery fish and how habitats constrain salmon production in rivers.
7
"Fish Habitat: Essential Fish Habitat and Rehabilitation." In Fish Habitat: Essential Fish Habitat and Rehabilitation, edited by Loren D. Coen, Mark W. Luckenbach, and Denise L. Breitburg. American Fisheries Society, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781888569124.ch32.
Full textAbstract:
<em>Abstract</em> .—The importance of molluscan-dominated systems (e.g., oysters reefs, mussel beds, vermetid gastropods) to the maintenance of commercially and ecologically important species has not been as broadly recognized as has been the importance of other structurally complex estuarine habitats such as sea grass beds and salt marshes. As a consequence, these systems have often been unappreciated and understudied. Important ecosystem services of molluscan-dominated systems include: (1) filtering capacity; (2) benthic– pelagic coupling; (3) creation of refugia from predation; (4) creation of feeding habitat for juvenile and adult mobile species as well as sessile stages of species that attach directly to molluscan shells; and (5) provision of nesting habitat. Destructive harvesting and overfishing can reduce habitat extent and impair habitat functioning. Only recently have ecosystem services been incorporated into the management of these systems. The role of oyster reefs as “essential fish habitat” falls into two principal categories: (1) reefs as habitat for oysters and (2) reefs as habitat for resident and transient species. Although the former role has received some attention as part of efforts to restore oyster resources, the latter role remains largely unexplored. The role of oyster reefs as critical habitat for other species is suggested by the diverse fauna associated with them; however, the factors that control the development of these reef-associated assemblages are generally unknown, and enumeration of specific habitat services using replicated field experiments is just beginning. Using data summarized from studies in Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Texas, we classify finfish assemblages associated with reefs based upon the degree of their association and include an extensive finfish and decapod species list. We conclude, within the context of the current state of knowledge, that (1) the construction of reef bases using materials that provide adequate vertical relief and interstitial space and (2) the establishment of broodstock sanctuaries protected from harvesting pressure are important for restoring oyster populations. Utilization of reef habitats by numerous commercially, recreationally, and ecologically important species across a wide geographic range likely portends the reef habitats’ importance as essential fish habitat, but many functional relationships remain to be evaluated. Future oyster habitat research needs include (1) defining the morphological and spatial reef characteristics that support enhanced oyster growth and survival; (2) improving understanding of how harvest methods affect reef integrity and function; (3) determining the critical services provided by reef habitats in the life cycles of important species; and (4) further clarifying the trophic links between the resident fauna on oyster reefs and transient species.
8
"Fish Habitat: Essential Fish Habitat and Rehabilitation." In Fish Habitat: Essential Fish Habitat and Rehabilitation, edited by Loren D. Coen, Mark W. Luckenbach, and Denise L. Breitburg. American Fisheries Society, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781888569124.ch32.
Full textAbstract:
<em>Abstract</em> .—The importance of molluscan-dominated systems (e.g., oysters reefs, mussel beds, vermetid gastropods) to the maintenance of commercially and ecologically important species has not been as broadly recognized as has been the importance of other structurally complex estuarine habitats such as sea grass beds and salt marshes. As a consequence, these systems have often been unappreciated and understudied. Important ecosystem services of molluscan-dominated systems include: (1) filtering capacity; (2) benthic– pelagic coupling; (3) creation of refugia from predation; (4) creation of feeding habitat for juvenile and adult mobile species as well as sessile stages of species that attach directly to molluscan shells; and (5) provision of nesting habitat. Destructive harvesting and overfishing can reduce habitat extent and impair habitat functioning. Only recently have ecosystem services been incorporated into the management of these systems. The role of oyster reefs as “essential fish habitat” falls into two principal categories: (1) reefs as habitat for oysters and (2) reefs as habitat for resident and transient species. Although the former role has received some attention as part of efforts to restore oyster resources, the latter role remains largely unexplored. The role of oyster reefs as critical habitat for other species is suggested by the diverse fauna associated with them; however, the factors that control the development of these reef-associated assemblages are generally unknown, and enumeration of specific habitat services using replicated field experiments is just beginning. Using data summarized from studies in Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Texas, we classify finfish assemblages associated with reefs based upon the degree of their association and include an extensive finfish and decapod species list. We conclude, within the context of the current state of knowledge, that (1) the construction of reef bases using materials that provide adequate vertical relief and interstitial space and (2) the establishment of broodstock sanctuaries protected from harvesting pressure are important for restoring oyster populations. Utilization of reef habitats by numerous commercially, recreationally, and ecologically important species across a wide geographic range likely portends the reef habitats’ importance as essential fish habitat, but many functional relationships remain to be evaluated. Future oyster habitat research needs include (1) defining the morphological and spatial reef characteristics that support enhanced oyster growth and survival; (2) improving understanding of how harvest methods affect reef integrity and function; (3) determining the critical services provided by reef habitats in the life cycles of important species; and (4) further clarifying the trophic links between the resident fauna on oyster reefs and transient species.
9
Calado, Ricardo. "Marine Ornamental Decapods—Collection, Culture, and Conservation." In Fisheries and Aquaculture, 314–40. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190865627.003.0013.
Full textAbstract:
Marine ornamental decapods are among the most popular invertebrates traded in the global marine aquarium industry. With the exception of the Dendrobranchiata, nearly all other major groups of decapods have at least one species traded as ornamental, the majority being caridean and stenopodidean shrimp, as well as hermit and brachyuran crabs. Found and collected in the wild from tropical coral reefs and coastal lagoons, the aquaculture of marine ornamental decapods is yet to achieve a scale that alleviates the fishing pressure affecting natural populations. Most cultivation efforts have targeted cleaner and boxing shrimp within the genera Lysmata and Stenopus, respectively. While these species are some of the most highly traded, research on their captive culture has been mainly driven by their market value rather than conservation purposes. This is likely the reason why the aquaculture of other species that are also heavily collected, such as hermit and brachyuran crabs, is yet to properly be addressed. This chapter provides an overview of the most emblematic marine ornamental decapod species currently traded for marine aquaria, including their distinctive features, as well as their collection, packing, and shipping techniques. The state of the art of marine ornamental decapod aquaculture is critically revised, with an emphasis on broodstock husbandry and maturation, larviculture, and grow-out to commercial size. Commonly employed systems for stocking breeding pairs, raising larvae, or growing juveniles are detailed, underscoring recirculated systems operating with synthetic seawater due to their potential use in coastal or inland facilities. The main bottlenecks impairing the successful breeding of these organisms are critically addressed, namely the lack of maturation diets customized to secure the nutritional needs of target species, which consequently impairs the production of high-quality larvae for cultivation. The main constraints for larviculture are also highlighted, with special emphasis on the lack of suitable live prey and the ability of several decapod species to delay metamorphosis under suboptimal larval diets. Issues on grow-out, such as poor growth performances and cannibalism, are discussed from a commercial perspective, as well as mitigation actions (e.g., use of live prey and complex shelters). There is a strong need for science-based conservation policies, where accurate data reporting and traceability along the supply chain must be implemented to promote a sustainable use of these resources. Though pricey and popular, marine ornamental decapods are no longer poorly studied when compared to a few years ago. Nonetheless, some key issues still need the attention of researchers, commercial breeders and hobbyists to ensure that these remarkable organisms can continue to be admired in the wild and in aquarium displays.