Journal articles: 'Broodstock nutrition'

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Castell, J. D., and J. C. Kean. "Evaluation of the Role of Nutrition in Lobster Recruitment." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 43, no. 11 (November 1, 1986): 2320–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f86-284.

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Many of the hypotheses and proposals presented here on the role of nutrition in lobster recruitment have been derived from research on other aquatic animals. Little research has focused on the determination of nutritional requirements of lobsters and even that has been primarily with small juveniles (36–1000 mg). Despite the tacit acknowledgement that maternal fecundity and egg viability are a function of quantity and quality of available food, little is known about the nutrition of reproductively mature lobsters. The importance of broodstock nutrition and possible methods for evaluating nutritional status are discussed. Information on protein, essential amino acids, vitamins, minerals, carbohydrates, and lipids is summarized. Additionally, some proposals for field application of nutritional response criteria used in the laboratory are discussed. Though research on larvae adult broodstock nutrition, effects of environmental factors (e.g. temperature, salinity, photoperiod, etc.), as well as many other aspects of nutrition is yet to be done, there is "good opportunity" for nutrition to be a significant part of the current lobster recruitment research program.

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Watanabe, Takeshi, and Robert Vassallo-Agius. "Broodstock nutrition research on marine finfish in Japan." Aquaculture 227, no. 1-4 (November 2003): 35–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0044-8486(03)00494-0.

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Izquierdo, M. S., H. Fernández-Palacios, and A. G. J. Tacon. "Effect of broodstock nutrition on reproductive performance of fish." Aquaculture 197, no. 1-4 (June 2001): 25–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0044-8486(01)00581-6.

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Mejri, Sahar, Réjean Tremblay, Grant Vandenberg, Mari Moren, Ines Ben Khemis, and Céline Audet. "Differences in nutrient content of eggs and larvae as indicators for improvement of broodstock nutrition in walleye (Sander vitreus) production." Canadian Journal of Zoology 95, no. 5 (May 2017): 299–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2016-0176.

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The aim of this study was to increase our knowledge about the nutritional needs of walleye (Sander vitreus (Mitchill, 1818)) broodstock. Two dietary treatments were tested: the first consisted of frozen Atlantic mackerel (Scomber scombrus L., 1758) pieces with a supplement of experimental dry pellets and the second consisted of frozen Atlantic mackerel pieces with a supplement of commercial trout pellets. Hatching success was highest in eggs from the wild broodstock. Eggs and larvae from wild fish were characterized by the highest levels of linoleic (LOA; 18:2 n–6) and linolenic (LNA; 18:3 n–3) fatty acids in the neutral lipids. They had the lowest level of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in both neutral and polar lipids. The results suggest the importance of the amino acids leucine, lysine, methionine, and serine for better egg survival. Vitamin A1 content was similar in eggs from wild fish and the younger broodstock from both treatment groups, but was 10 times lower in eggs from older broodstock. Vitamin A2 was highest in eggs from wild fish. Our results showed that neither of the two diets really resulted in egg or larval quality that were comparable with that of wild fish.

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Wouters, Roeland, Patrick Lavens, Julia Nieto, and Patrick Sorgeloos. "Penaeid shrimp broodstock nutrition: an updated review on research and development." Aquaculture 202, no. 1-2 (October 2001): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0044-8486(01)00570-1.

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Turkmen, Serhat, Carmen M. Hernández-Cruz, María J. Zamorano, Hipólito Fernández-Palacios, Daniel Montero, Juan M. Afonso, and Marisol Izquierdo. "Long-chain PUFA profiles in parental diets induce long-term effects on growth, fatty acid profiles, expression of fatty acid desaturase 2 and selected immune system-related genes in the offspring of gilthead seabream." British Journal of Nutrition 122, no. 1 (July 3, 2019): 25–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114519000977.

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AbstractThe present study investigated the effects of nutritional programming through parental feeding on offspring performance and expression of selected genes related to stress resistance in a marine teleost. Gilthead seabream broodstock were fed diets containing various fish oil (FO)/vegetable oil ratios to determine their effects on offspring performance along embryogenesis, larval development and juvenile on-growing periods. Increased substitution of dietary FO by linseed oil (LO) up to 80 % LO significantly reduced the total number of eggs produced by kg per female per spawn. Moreover, at 30 d after hatching, parental feeding with increasing LO up to 80 % led to up-regulation of the fatty acyl desaturase 2 gene (fads2) that was correlated with the increase in conversion rates of related PUFA. Besides, cyclo-oxygenase 2 (cox2) and TNF-α (tnf-α) gene expression was also up-regulated by the increase in LO in broodstock diets up to 60 or 80 %, respectively. When 4-month-old offspring were challenged with diets having different levels of FO, the lowest growth was found in juveniles from broodstock fed 100 % FO. An increase in LO levels in the broodstock diet up to 60LO raised LC-PUFA levels in the juveniles, regardless of the juvenile’s diet. The results showed that it is possible to nutritionally programme gilthead seabream offspring through the modification of the fatty acid profiles of parental diets to improve the growth performance of juveniles fed low FO diets, inducing long-term changes in PUFA metabolism with up-regulation offads2expression. The present study provided the first pieces of evidence of the up-regulation of immune system-related genes in the offspring of parents fed increased FO replacement by LO.

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Pérez, Evaristo, Fátima Linares, José Rodríguez Villanueva, Antonio Vilar, Constantinos Mylonas, Ioannis Fakriadis, Maria Papadaki, et al. "Wreckfish (Polyprion americanus). New Knowledge About Reproduction, Larval Husbandry, and Nutrition. Promise as a New Species for Aquaculture." Fishes 4, no. 1 (February 25, 2019): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fishes4010014.

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Four different wreckfish (Polyprion americanus) broodstock batches were maintained in research facilities under different photo and thermo-period conditions, one in Greece, the Helenic Center for Marine Research (HCMR, n = 3) and three in Spain: Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO, n = 13) in Vigo, Aquarium Finisterrae (MC2, n = 21) in A Coruña and Consellería do Mar (CMRM, n = 11). The CMRM includes two centers that work together: Instituto Galego de Formación en Acuicultura (IGAFA) and Centro de Investigacións Mariñas (CIMA), both in Pontevedra. During the five years of the project DIVERSIFY (Exploring the biological and socio-economic potential of new-emerging candidate fish species for the expansion of the European aquaculture industry, 2013–2018) works focused on the reproductive biology of the species, broodstock, and larvae nutrition and development of incubation and larval rearing protocols have been carried out. In terms of reproduction, catch methods of new wild animals, the reproductive cycle, sperm characteristics evaluation, and spontaneous and induced spawning methods have been described for wreckfish. Regarding nutrition, the positive effect of two types of enrichment on the fatty acid profiles of Artemia and rotifer has been verified. The relationship between the fatty acid profile of the diets supplied to the broodstock and the fatty acid profile obtained in the oocytes and eggs of the females fed with different diets, has also been demonstrated. Finally, early larval ontogeny has been described and incubation and larval rearing protocols have been proposed based on the results obtained in the different experiments of temperature, growth, survival, and larval feeding that were carried out.

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Adegbesan, S. I., and I. Abdulraheem. "Growth performance, nutrient utilization, haematology and serum biochemistry of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) broodstock fed varying levels of Aspilia africana leaves-paste." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 47, no. 1 (December 19, 2020): 129–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v47i1.197.

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Dietary supplementation with phytobiotics is a promising area in fish nutrition towards promoting the growth and health status of cultured fish. This experiment was conducted to determine the effects of Aspilia africana leaves-paste (AAL) on the growth, haematology and serum biochemistry of Clarias gariepinus broodstock. Experiment was carried out in a 24 net-happa (0.6m x 1.07m x 1.2m) suspended in an earthen pond (30 m x 5 m x 1.2m). Forty-eight (7 months old fish, 24 males (0.80±0.04kg) and 24 females (0.70±0.03kg)) were stocked at two fish per net-happa under four treatments in six replicates in a completely randomized design. Four diets (40% crude protein) were formulated to contained: control (0%); AAL1 (0.5%); AAL2 (1%) and AAL3 (1.5%). Fish were fed ad libitum twice daily for 16 weeks. Data on all parameters were analyzed using ANOVA. The highest mean weight gain, MWG: 3.13±0.15kg and lowest feed conversion ratio, FCR: 1.30± 0.04 were recorded in broodstock fed 1.5% AAL3. The lowest MWG (1.27±0.03kg) and highest FCR: 1.72±0.03) were obtained in broodstock fed control diet. The lowest packed cell volume: 15.83 ± 0.17 % and haemoglobin: 5.25 ± 0.1 (g/dL) were recorded in fish fed 1% and 1.5% AAL. No significant differences in the total protein and creatinine values obtained between fish fed 1% and 1.5% AAL. The study recommended the dietary inclusion of 1.5% A. africana leaves-paste to effectively promote growth and nutrient utilization of cultured C. gariepinus broodstock

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Harel, Moti, Amos Tandler, George W. Kissil, and Shalom W. Applebaum. "The kinetics of nutrient incorporation into body tissues of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) females and the subsequent effects on egg composition and egg quality." British Journal of Nutrition 72, no. 1 (July 1994): 45–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn19940008.

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The interaction between essential dietary components and changes in tissue nutrient reserves, egg quality and egg composition, were studied from 60 d before and during the spawning of Sparus aurata broodstock. Fish were given isonitrogenous (550 g/kg dry weight) and isolipidic (100 g/kg dry weight) diets, based on protein and lipid extracts of squid meal. Diets differed in the levels of n−6 (10–30 mg/g dry weight) and n−3 (0–10 mg/g dry weight) essential fatty acids. The effects of these diets on biochemical and fatty acid composition of body tissues, and the subsequent effects on egg composition and egg viability were measured. Dietary essential fatty acids were mostly incorporated into the liver, ovaries, digestive tract and associated adipose tissues. The lipid composition of these tissues reached an equilibrium with dietary lipid composition within 15 d of feeding on any given diet. Muscle and gill cartilage tissues did not show any significant changes in their biochemical and fatty acid composition, even after 60 d feeding. Egg viability decreased significantly within 10 d of feeding the broodstock with a diet deficient in n−3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (n−3 HUFA). The levels of n−3 HUFA in both polar and neutral fractions of egg lipid were directly correlated with their levels in the broodstock diet. When the total amount of egg n−3 HUFA dropped below 17 mg/g dry weight, egg viability and larvae hatching rate decreased by 53% and 47 % respectively. These results suggest that the biochemical composition of organs involved in S. aurata reproduction are highly sensitive to the nutritional value of the diet, which affects egg and larval quality rapidly.

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Heasman, Michael P., Wayne A. O'Connor, and Allen W. Frazer. "Temperature and nutrition as factors in conditioning broodstock of the commercial scallop Pecten fumatus Reeve." Aquaculture 143, no. 1 (July 1996): 75–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(95)01231-1.

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11

Jufri, Fatahillah Maulana, Agus Oman Sudrajat, and Mia Setiawati. "Female maturation and rematuration acceleration of Mutiara strain catfish (Clarias gariepinus) using combination of oocyte developer hormone and astaxanthin addition diet." Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia 18, no. 1 (January 15, 2019): 23–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.19027/jai.18.1.23-32.

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ABSTRACT Reproductive design for gonadal maturation process mostly related with some factors such as environmental signals, reproductive organs, hormonal and nutrition. This research was conducted on female Mutiara strain of North African Catfish, Clarias gariepinus by combining two kinds of materials administered to broodstock diet, namely oocyte developer (Oodev) which contains of PMSG hormone and antidopamin, and astaxanthin carotenoid. Research designs were divided into C (Control), A50 (astaxanthin 50 mg/kg feed), A100 (astaxanthin 100 mg/kg feed), Od0.5 (Oodev 0.5 mL/kg fish for two weeks), Od1 (1 mL/kg fish for 2 weeks), Od0.5A50 (combined Od0.5 with A50), Od1A50 (combined Od1 with A50), Od0.5A100 (combined Od0.5 with A100), and Od1A100 (combined Od1 with A100). This research was performed during twelve weeks of feeding. The Od1A100 treatment showed the best reproduction performance result compared to other treatment with highest hepatosomatic (HSI) and gonadosomatic (HSI) indexes (P<0.05), also fastest increase in egg diameters (P<0.05), shorter rematuration periods and highest proportion of mature broodstock. These results indicated that Oodev and astaxanthin could accelerate gonadal maturity in female broodstock of Mutiara catfish.Keywords: Broodstock, hormonal, reproduction, oocyte developer, astaxanthin ABSTRAK Rekayasa reproduksi untuk proses pematangan gonad sebagian besar terkait dengan beberapa faktor seperti sinyal lingkungan, organ reproduksi, hormonal dan nutrisi. Penelitian ini dilakukan terhadap strain ikan lele Mutiara (Clarias gariepinus) betina menggunakan dua bahan yang dicampur pada pakan induk, yaitu oocyte developer (Oodev) yang mengandung hormon PMSG dan antidopamin, dan karotenoid astaxanthin. Eksperimen yang dirancang adalah K (Kontrol), A50 (Astaxanthin 50 mg/kg pakan), A100 (Astaxanthin 100 mg/kg pakan), Od0.5 (Oodev 0,5 mL/kg induk untuk 2 minggu), Od1 (Oodev 1 mL/kg induk untuk 2 minggu), Od0.5A50 (kombinasi Od0.5 dan A50), Od1A50 (kombinasi Od1 dan A50), Od0.5A100 (kombinasi Od0.5 dan A100), dan Od1A100 (kombinasi Od1 dan A100). Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan memberi makan dua belas minggu. Performa reproduksi terbaik didapat pada perlakuan Od1A100. Od1A100 memiliki indeks hepatosomatik (HSI) dan gonadosomatik (HSI) tertinggi (P <0,05), juga diameter telur paling cepat besar (p <0,05), periode rematurasi terpendek, dan proporsi induk matang gonad tertinggi. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa Oodev dan astaxanthin dapat mempercepat kematangan gonad pada induk betina ikah lele Mutiara. Keyword: Induk, hormon, reproduksi, oocyte developer, astaxanthin

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Lazzarotto, Viviana, Geneviève Corraze, Laurence Larroquet, David Mazurais, and Françoise Médale. "Does broodstock nutritional history affect the response of progeny to different first-feeding diets? A whole-body transcriptomic study of rainbow trout alevins." British Journal of Nutrition 115, no. 12 (April 26, 2016): 2079–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114516001252.

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AbstractThe whole-body transcriptome of trout alevins was characterised to investigate the effects of long-term feeding of rainbow trout broodstock females a diet free of fishmeal and fish oil on the metabolic capacities of progeny. Effects were studied before first feeding and after 3 weeks of feeding diets containing different proportions of marine and plant ingredients. Feeding alevins plant-based diets resulted in lower fish body weight, irrespective of maternal nutritional history. No differences in whole-body lipids were found between treatments, and the tissue fatty acid profile strongly reflected that of the respective broodstock or first-feeding diets. We showed that the maternal diet history did not significantly affect expressions of any genes before the first feeding. Interestingly, we found an effect of maternal nutritional history on gene expression in alevins after 3 weeks of feeding. The major differences in the transcriptome of alevins from plant-based diet-fed females compared with those from commercial-fed females were as follows: (i) down-regulation of genes involved in muscle growth/contraction and (ii) up-regulation of genes involved in carbohydrate and energy metabolism related to the delay in growth/development observed with plant-based diets. Our findings also showed an effect of the first-feeding diets, irrespective of maternal nutritional history. Specifically, the introduction of plant ingredients resulted in the up-regulation of genes involved in amino acid/protein and cholesterol metabolism and in differences in the expressions of genes related to carbohydrate metabolism. Information gained through this study opens up avenues for further reduction of marine ingredients in trout diets, including the whole rearing cycle.

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Perera, Erick, Serhat Turkmen, Paula Simó-Mirabet, Maria J. Zamorano, Hanlin Xu, Fernando Naya-Català, Marisol Izquierdo, and Jaume Pérez-Sánchez. "Stearoyl-CoA desaturase (scd1a) is epigenetically regulated by broodstock nutrition in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata)." Epigenetics 15, no. 5 (December 6, 2019): 536–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15592294.2019.1699982.

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Heinsbroek, L. T. N., J. G. Støttrup, C. Jacobsen, G. Corraze, M. M. Kraiem, L. K. Holst, J. Tomkiewicz, and S. J. Kaushik. "A review on broodstock nutrition of marine pelagic spawners: the curious case of the freshwater eels (Anguillaspp.)." Aquaculture Nutrition 19 (August 2013): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/anu.12091.

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Wilson, J. A., O. R. Chaparro, and R. J. Thompson. "The importance of broodstock nutrition on the viability of larvae and spat in the Chilean oyster Ostrea chilensis." Aquaculture 139, no. 1-2 (January 1996): 63–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(95)01159-5.

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Valdebenito, Iván I., Patricia C. Gallegos, and Brian R. Effer. "Gamete quality in fish: evaluation parameters and determining factors." Zygote 23, no. 2 (November 15, 2013): 177–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0967199413000506.

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SummaryThe quality of fish gametes, both male and female, are determined by several factors (age, management, feeding, chemical and physical factors, water quality, etc.) that have an impact on the survivability of embryos, larvae and/or fry in the short or long term. One of the most important factors is gamete ageing, especially for those species that are unable to spawn naturally in hatcheries. The chemical and physical factors in hatcheries and the nutrition that they provide can significantly alter harvest quality, especially from females; as a rule, males are more tolerant of stress conditions produced by inadequate feeding, management and/or poor water conditions. The stress produced on broodstock by inadequate conditions in hatcheries can produce adverse effects on gamete quality, survival rates, and the embryonic eggs after hatching.

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Rahman, Md Habibur, Md Anisur Rahman, Md Mer Mosharraf Hossain, Syeda Maksuda Yeasmin, and Abdulla Al Asif. "Effect of feeding management of broodstock on breeding performance of bata (Labeo bata)." Asian Journal of Medical and Biological Research 1, no. 3 (February 23, 2016): 553–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ajmbr.v1i3.26479.

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Labeo bata is one of the important minor carps in Bangladesh with great demand as good table fish. The study was conducted to observe the breeding performance at different management practices in Mafatema, Rupali, Modhumoti and Anan fish hatchery and disinfection treatments of water, eggs and fry in Jessore, Bangladesh during 10 March 2014 to 15 May 2015. An improvement in broodstock nutrition and feeding has been shown to greatly improve seed production. Protein and lipid percentage of broodstock diet have been identified as major dietary factors. Protein level was 24.77%, 23.47%, 18.08%, 17.78% and lipid level was 11.07%, 9.50%, 7.74%, 8.14% in Mafatema, Rupali, Modhumoti and Anan fish hatchery respectively. Three concentrations of four chemical-formalin (10, 20, 30 mg/L), malachite green (1, 3, 5 mg/L), NaCl (1, 2, 3 g/L) and methylene blue ( 1, 3, 5 mg/L) treatment regimes and a control were compared for efficacy in treating L. bata eggs to prevent fungus and bacterial infection and improve hatch and survival rate of fry. Highest correlation value between absolute fecundity and body weight (r=.938, p<.05) and total length (r=.891, p<.05) and gonadosomatic index (26.2%) were found in Mafatema fish hatchery among four experimental hatcheries at 24.77% protein and 11.07% lipid level. Better fertilization rate (84.2±5.17%) and hatching rate (82.0±4.30%) were found in Mafatema and Rupali fish hatchery respectively that has significant difference (P<0.05) from that of Modhumoti and Anan fish hatchery at higher protein and lipid level. Lowest deformity rate (6.05+2.65) was observed in Mafatema fish hatchery that was significantly different (P<0.05) from that of Modhumoti fish hatchery. In case of disinfection treatment, methylene blue at 1mg/L bath treatment daily for 4 days showed significantly higher hatching rate (92.33±3.51%) and survival rate (94.33±4.73%).Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. December 2015, 1(3): 553-568

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Pangkey, Henneke. "KEBUTUHAN ASAM LEMAK ESENSIAL PADA IKAN LAUT." JURNAL PERIKANAN DAN KELAUTAN TROPIS 7, no. 2 (August 31, 2011): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.35800/jpkt.7.2.2011.185.

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ABSTRACTAquaculture has contributed one third of the world is supply of seafood. This contribution is expected to increase in the future. Based on this reason, aquaculture is potential to continually provide food for human needs. One of the key factors to the success of aquaculture is the supply of nutritious feed. Feeding with food of right nutrition value will produce healthy and high quality fish. One of the nutrient elements that plays an important role in aquatic organism growth is lipid. Lipids in the form of essential fatty acids are highly required not only for broodstock and larvae, but also for normal growth of marine fish.ABSTRAKAkuakultur telah memberikan kontribusi sebesar sepertiga kebutuhan dunia akan produk makanan laut, dan akan terus bertambah di masa depan. Dipandang dari sudut ini, akuakultur memiliki prospek untuk menjadi usaha berkelanjutan dalam menyediakan pangan bagi populasi manusia yang terus bertambah. Salah satu faktor yang menentukan keberhasilan dalam usaha akuakultur adalah penyediaan pakan dengan kandungan nutrisi yang optimal. Pemberian pakan dengan komponen nutrisi yang tepat dapat menghasilkan ikan yang sehat dan berkualitas tinggi. Salah satu komponen nutrisi yang sangat berperan dalam pertumbuhan biota akuakultur adalah lipida. Lipida berupa asam lemak esensial sangat dibutuhkan baik oleh induk dan larva, juga untuk pertumbuhan secara normal ikan laut.

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Pattiasina, Bethsy J., Endang Jamal, and Agapery Y. Pattinasarany. "The effect of different feed on the spawning performance of mud crab Scylla serrata broodstock." Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia 11, no. 2 (November 14, 2013): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.19027/jai.11.153-161.

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Mud crab is one of the 12 aquaculture commodities of Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries. Control of reproduction to increase seed production through feed improvement, is one of the challenges and strategies in the mud crab aquaculture. Due to lack of knowledge about broodstock nutrition lead to producing rate of seeds still relatively low. This study aimed to obtain information on the kind of feed that has specific nutrient and plays a role in increasing the success of spawning and zoea survival. Mud crab of Scylla serrata with initial weight of 500.7±103.4 g, preferably under developed gonads were maintained in a fiber tank measuring length of 2.48 m, width 1.26 m, and a height of 60 cm which is partition sealed into 30×40×60 cm3 to put one crab. Tank was equipped with sand as a substrate as high as 15 cm and seawater system with flow rate of 1 L per six minutes and 25 cm high water. Treatments were consisted of: 1. PI (fresh meat fish of Decapterus sp. with dose of 5%), 2. PSC (fresh meat mixture of Decapterus sp. 1.8%, 3% of squid, and shrimp 1.2%), 3. PB (artificial feed dose of 10%) of BW, each treatment was repeated three times. Parameters measured were the duration of ovarian to mature, egg diameter, hatching rate, fecundity, and zoea production. Data were analyzed using ANOVA. The quality of larval measured by survival and larval fat and protein content. The results showed that crabs treated by PI and PSC showed faster to get mature compared to PB treatment (p<0.05). Hatching rate of larvae in PSC treatment was higher compared to PI and PB treatments (p<0.05). Furthermore, all treatments did not affect egg diameter, fecundity, and the number of zoea (p>0.05). In conclusion, crab which fed fresh meat (PI and PSC) could get mature earlier, and have high percentage of the larval hatching than those of fed by PB. In fact that larvae from broodstock feed of PI has survival as well as protein and fat content were higher than those of fed by PB.Keywords: spawning perform, broodstock feed, mud crab (Scylla serrata)

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Pankhurst, PM, JC Montgomery, and NW Pankhurst. "Growth, development and behaviour of artificially reared larval Pagrus auratus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) (Sparidae)." Marine and Freshwater Research 42, no. 4 (1991): 391. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9910391.

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Pagrus auratus eggs were obtained from wild broodstock with naturally and artificially ovulated fish. Larvae were cultured for periods of up to 1 month on a diet of marine rotifers, Brachionus plicatilis. Small yolk-sac larvae hatched without functional eyes, mouth or digestive tract and for 3 days spent long periods at rest. Growth was initially rapid but slowed by 3 days as yolk reserves were nearing depletion. By Days 4-5, the mouth had opened, eyes were pigmented, yolk was depleted, and a rudimentary gut had formed. Larvae were now able to maintain a horizontal swimming mode and were actively searching for and attacking prey. First-feeding was observed in some larvae. Growth was retarded during the transition from endogenous to exogenous nutrition and then increased, probably as feeding proficiency improved with experience. Larvae starved from hatching did not survive for longer than 8 days.

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Zarantoniello, Matteo, Basilio Randazzo, Gloriana Cardinaletti, Cristina Truzzi, Giulia Chemello, Paola Riolo, and Ike Olivotto. "Possible Dietary Effects of Insect-Based Diets across Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Generations: A Multidisciplinary Study on the Larval Phase." Animals 11, no. 3 (March 9, 2021): 751. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11030751.

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Insects represent a valuable and sustainable alternative ingredient for aquafeed formulation. However, insect-based diets have often highlighted controversial results in different fish species, especially when high inclusion levels were used. Several studies have demonstrated that nutritional programming through parental feeding may allow the production of fish better adapted to use sub-optimal aquafeed ingredients. To date, this approach has never been explored on insect-based diets. In the present study, five experimental diets characterized by increasing fish meal substitution levels with full-fat Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens; BSF) prepupae meal (0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%) were used to investigate the effects of programming via broodstock nutrition on F1 zebrafish larvae development. The responses of offspring were assayed through biometric, gas chromatographic, histological, and molecular analyses. The results evidenced that the same BSF-based diets provided to adults were able to affect F1 zebrafish larvae fatty acid composition without impairing growth performances, hepatic lipid accumulation and gut health. Groups challenged with higher BSF inclusion with respect to fish meal (50%, 75% and 100%) showed a significant downregulation of stress response markers and a positive modulation of inflammatory cytokines gene expression. The present study evidences that nutritional programming through parental feeding may make it possible to extend the fish meal substitution level with BSF prepupae meal in the diet up to almost 100% without incurring the well-known negative side effects of BSF-based diets.

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Wischhusen, Pauline, Takaya Saito, Cécile Heraud, Sadasivam J. Kaushik, Benoit Fauconneau, Philip Antony Jesu Prabhu, Stéphanie Fontagné-Dicharry, and Kaja H. Skjærven. "Parental Selenium Nutrition Affects the One-Carbon Metabolism and the Hepatic DNA Methylation Pattern of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in the Progeny." Life 10, no. 8 (July 25, 2020): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life10080121.

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Selenium is an essential micronutrient and its metabolism is closely linked to the methionine cycle and transsulfuration pathway. The present study evaluated the effect of two different selenium supplements in the diet of rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss) broodstock on the one-carbon metabolism and the hepatic DNA methylation pattern in the progeny. Offspring of three parental groups of rainbow trout, fed either a control diet (NC, basal Se level: 0.3 mg/kg) or a diet supplemented with sodium selenite (SS, 0.8 mg Se/kg) or hydroxy-selenomethionine (SO, 0.7 mg Se/kg), were collected at swim-up fry stage. Our findings suggest that parental selenium nutrition impacted the methionine cycle with lower free methionine and S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) and higher methionine synthase (mtr) mRNA levels in both selenium-supplemented treatments. DNA methylation profiling by reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS) identified differentially methylated cytosines (DMCs) in offspring livers. These DMCs were related to 6535 differentially methylated genes in SS:NC, 6890 in SO:NC and 7428 in SO:SS, respectively. Genes with the highest methylation difference relate, among others, to the neuronal or signal transmitting and immune system which represent potential targets for future studies.

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Hoa, Nguyen Duy, Roeland Wouters, Mathieu Wille, Vu Thanh, Tran Kim Dong, Nguyen Van Hao, and Patrick Sorgeloos. "A fresh-food maturation diet with an adequate HUFA composition for broodstock nutrition studies in black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon (Fabricius, 1798)." Aquaculture 297, no. 1-4 (December 2009): 116–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2009.09.005.

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Dias, Danielle de Carla, Fernanda de Paiva Badiz Furlaneto, Fábio Rosa Sussel, Leonardo Tachibana, Giovani Sampaio Gonçalves, Carlos Massatoshi Ishikawa, Mariene Miyoko Natori, and Maria José Tavares Ranzani-Paiva. "Economic feasibility of probiotic use in the diet of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, during the reproductive period." Acta Scientiarum. Animal Sciences 42 (January 30, 2020): e47960. http://dx.doi.org/10.4025/actascianimsci.v42i1.47960.

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This work examines the economic advantages of probiotic use in the diet of Nile tilapia broodstock during the reproductive period. For this purpose, Bacillus subtilis was applied as a feed additive. The experimental design was completely randomized with three treatment groups: the T0 control (without probiotic), the T1 continuous probiotic intake, and the T2 alternate probiotic intake at a dose of 0.50 g kg-1 of feed (1010 CFU g-1) with four replicates. For the reproduction assay, 118 females and 48 males of Nile tilapia (proportion 4 males:9 females. hapa-1) (weight 527.65 g ± 185.98 g and length 30.16 cm ± 3.57 cm) were distributed into 12 hapas (3.5 × 2.0 × 1.5 m). Reproductive variables (spawning female percentage, egg production, and fry production) were used to calculate the economic feasibility indexes (total cost of nutrition [TcN], gross revenue [GR], and total operational profit [ToP]). The results show increasing values for spawning female number, collected eggs, and surviving fry in the probiotic groups. We recommend continuous intake of probiotic (feed with addition of probiotic) at a dose of 0.5 g kg-1 of feed (1010 CFU g-1) during the breeding season of Nile tilapia, due to the suitable reproductive indexes and profitability.

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Cardona, Emilie, Bénédicte Lorgeoux, Liet Chim, Jean Goguenheim, Hervé Le Delliou, and Chantal Cahu. "Biofloc contribution to antioxidant defence status, lipid nutrition and reproductive performance of broodstock of the shrimp Litopenaeus stylirostris : Consequences for the quality of eggs and larvae." Aquaculture 452 (February 2016): 252–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2015.08.003.

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., Masrizal, Zaituni Udin, Mardiati Zein, and Usman Bulanin. "Effect of Energy, Lipid and Protein Content in Broodstock Diets on Spawning Fecundity and Eggs Quality of Giant Gourami (Ospheronemus gouramy Lac)." Pakistan Journal of Nutrition 14, no. 7 (June 15, 2015): 412–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/pjn.2015.412.416.

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Bekbergenova, Victoria. "ANALYSIS OF BIOLOGY AND REPRODUCTION OF SHIP STURGEON (ACIPENSER NUDIVENTRIS)." Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University. Series: Fishing industry 2020, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 50–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.24143/2073-5529-2020-3-50-60.

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The article presents the analysis of the research literature on biology, ecology, artificial and natural reproduction, behavior, nutrition and taxonomic status of ship sturgeon (Acipenser nudiventris Lovetsky, 1828) over the period 1877-2020. There are given the private data obtained during interviews with fishermen, which was published earlier. The approaches to ship artificial reproduction have been analyzed; the corresponding data from the Russian research literature and from the foreign sources are presented.Ship sturgeon is one of the most vulnerable and small in number sturgeon species in the world, the individuals of which are still found in the Balkhash-Ili basin (Kazakhstan-China) due to its invasion in 1933-1934. It should be mentioned that this is the only example of successful acclimatization of sturgeon. Ship sturgeons have the following ecological and biological characteristics: prolonged living in the mountain rivers with downstream migration into the delta and the sea coast; high rates of fertility coupled with high mortality rates in early ontogeny; a diverse diet depending on the habitat. Artificial reproduction of ship sturgeon was started in 1941 in Azerbaijani SSR. Unfortunately, the species did not receive a proper attention because of its scarcity in the natural habitat, which resulted in their complete disappearance. Today the conservation of ship species requires taking the urgent measures: forming ship broodstock, introducing it into aquaculture, clarification of reproductive biotechnology, studying the peculiarities of ship growth and maturation in the fish farms.

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Romolo, Rijal, Izzatul Auliya', and Trijoko Trijoko. "Food Preference, Fecundity, Proximate Analysis on Eggs and Meat of Turbo crassus (W. Wood 1828) and Turbo setosus (Gmelin 1791) in Sepanjang Beach, Gunungkidul, Special Region of Yogyakarta." Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology 6, no. 2 (July 15, 2021): 61873. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jtbb.61873.

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Turbo snails have important roles in the ecosystem as prey for predators, and decomposition of dead objects, and it is starting to decrease. This is quite worrying so that conservation efforts must be carried out immediately. Turbo snail species found in Sepanjang Beach, Gunungkidul are Turbo crassus and Turbo setosus. The aims of this study were to determine food preferences, the relationship between body size and fecundity, analyze egg quality based on proximate levels of the two species, and meat proximate of T. crassus and T. setosus. Samples were taken from Sepanjang Beach, Gunungkidul. Food preference was observed using the sedgwick rafter, fecundity was counted using the gravimetric method. Moisture content, protein content, fat content, ash, and carbohydrate content of both species eggs and meat were determined with proximate analysis at the UGM Central Laboratory for Food and Nutrition Studies. The results showed that the dominant food for T. setosus was Phaeophyta, whereas the dominant food for T. crassus was Microcoleus sp. and Phaeophyta. The fecundity of both Turbo species is exponentially positively correlated with all body sizes. Proximate analysis showed that the levels of fat and protein in the eggs of both species were quite high, which meant that the eggs are in good quality. The conclusion of this study is both species have slightly different food preferences. The fecundity of both species will increase exponentially with increasing body size and the broodstock of T. crassus and T. setosus Sepanjang Beach has good quality.

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Morais, Sofia, Ana Candeias Mendes, Maria Filipa Castanheira, Joana Coutinho, Narcisa Bandarra, Jorge Dias, Luís E. C. Conceição, and Pedro Pousão-Ferreira. "New formulated diets for Solea senegalensis broodstock: Effects of parental nutrition on biosynthesis of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids and performance of early larval stages and juvenile fish." Aquaculture 432 (August 2014): 374–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2014.04.033.

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Stroil, Belma Kalamujić, Mia Stanić, Abdurahim Kalajdžić, and Naris Pojskić. "Genetic Characteristics of Brook Trout Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchill, 1848) Broodstocks from Hatcheries in Bosnia and Herzegovina." Croatian Journal of Fisheries 78, no. 4 (December 1, 2020): 183–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cjf-2020-0018.

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AbstractThe most commonly farmed fish species in Bosnia and Herzegovina’s aquaculture are from the family Salmonidae, including brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis which is reared both for consumption and stocking purposes. A number of farmers complained about the elevated frequency of anatomical deformities in the smolts and fingerlings of brook trout, decreasing their fitness rate and causing significant financial loss. Since it has been shown that occurrence of deformities is correlated with the low genetic diversity and high inbreeding, this study aimed to assess intra- and interpopulation diversity of Salvelinus fontinalis from different freshwater fish farms in Bosnia and Herzegovina by observing variation in mitochondrial and nuclear genome. Total of 109 samples of brook trout from three hatcheries located at the Neretva River were analyzed for the mitochondrial control region and seven nuclear microsatellite loci. Both PCR-RFLP and sequencing revealed only one haplotype of the control region in all investigated trout. Overall, a low number of genotypes was evident across all the observed loci. Values of genetic diversity and polymorphic information content followed the increase in the number of alleles per locus. In general, values of inbreeding coefficient were generally very high, while the genetic diversity and observed heterozygosity had low rates. The results of our study are congruent with the findings of previous studies in which developmental deformities were concomitant with the low genetic diversity and inbreeding depression. It is, therefore, strongly advised to regularly supplement the broodstock with new, unrelated individuals, as it is of vital importance for sustaining a satisfying level of genetic diversity and preventing inbreeding depression. Additionally, maintaining good management practices regarding the fluctuation of water temperature, exposure to pollution, nutrition, etc., will further contribute to the prevention of this detrimental condition.

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Pattiasina, Betsy J., M. Zairin Junior, I. Mokoginta, R. Affandi, and W. Manalu. "Ovarian development of female mud crab, Scylla serrata supplemented with cholesterol and injected with serotonin." Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia 9, no. 1 (January 1, 2010): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.19027/jai.9.67-76.

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Cholesterol is known to play an important role in nutrition of crustacean and function as a precursor for steroids synthesis, while neurohormone of serotonin could induce ovarian maturation in crustacean. Ovarian development of adult females Scylla serrata was induced by adding cholesterol in the diet and serotonin injection. This research was designed to study the effectiveness of cholesterol supplementation and serotonin injection in ovarian development. Broodstocks were stocked in nine experimental units in three fiber tanks. The fiber tank was equipped with sands substrate and flow through seawater system. The experimental crabs were assigned into a completely randomized design with a 3 x 3 factorial arrangement. The first factor was cholesterol supplementation in the diet with 3 levels (0, 0,5 and 1,0%). The second factor was serotonin injection with 3 levels (0, 5 and 10 μg/g BW). Samples of broodstock were taken every four days to evaluate the stages of ovarian maturity and parameters were used to evaluate the ovarian maturation stage are gonad index (GI) and oocyte diameter, concentration of estradiol 17β, yolk protein concentrations, and fecundity. Results showed that female crabs supplemented with 0,5% cholesterol and a combination of cholesterol 0,5% supplementation and injection serotonin with a dose of 10 μg/g BW had better reproduction development. It is concluded that ovarian development of Scylla serrata could be improved by cholesterol supplementation and serotonin injection. Key words: Cholesterol, serotonin, ovarian development, Scylla serrata ABSTRAK Kolesterol diketahui merupakan nutrien spesifik yang berperan dalam sisntesis hormon steroid dan mengontrol reproduksi, sementara serotonin merupakan salah satu neurohormon yang dilaporkan dapat merangsang pematangan ovari dan pemijahan pada krustase. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh tingkat pemberian kolesterol yang optimal dalam pakan buatan, serta dosis penyuntikan serotonin yang efektif untuk mempercepat proses perkembangan dan pematangan ovarium induk kepiting bakau Scylla serrata. Pemeliharaan induk dilakukan dengan menggunakan tiga buah bak fiber. Bak pemeliharaan dilengkapi dengan substrat pasir dan sistim air laut mengalir. Eksperimen menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) pola faktorial, dengan 9 satuan percobaan. Faktor pertama, suplemen kolesterol didalam pakan dengan 3 tingkat dosis (0; 0,5; dan 1%) dan faktor kedua, injeksi serotonin dengan 3 tingkat dosis (0, 5, dan <a name="OLE_LINK1">10 </a>μg/g bobot tubuh). Pengamatan terhadap tingkat kematangan ovari dilakukan setiap 4 hari sekali. Paramater pengambilan sampel meliputi tingkat kematangan ovari, indeks gonad dan diameter oosit, konsentrasi estradiol 17β, konsentrasi protein yolk, dan fekunditas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa induk kepiting yang disuplementasi dengan dosis kolesterol 0,5% dan induk kepiting yang mendapat perlakuan kombinasi, suplementasi kolesterol 0,5% dan injeksi serotonin dosis 10 μg/g bobot tubuh dapat menghasilkan perkembangan ovari yang terbaik. Jadi kolesterol dan serotonin dapat digunakan untuk meningkatkan perkembangan ovari. Kata-kata kunci: Kolesterol, serotonin, perkembangan ovari, Scylla serrata

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Turkmen, Serhat, Maria J. Zamorano, Hipólito Fernández-Palacios, Carmen M. Hernández-Cruz, Daniel Montero, Lidia Robaina, and Marisol Izquierdo. "Parental nutritional programming and a reminder during juvenile stage affect growth, lipid metabolism and utilisation in later developmental stages of a marine teleost, the gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata)." British Journal of Nutrition 118, no. 7 (February 10, 2017): 500–512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114517002434.

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AbstractNutrition during periconception and early development can modulate metabolic routes to prepare the offspring for adverse conditions through a process known as nutritional programming. In gilthead sea bream, replacement of fish oil (FO) with linseed oil (LO) in broodstock diets improves growth in the 4-month-old offspring challenged with low-FO and low-fishmeal (FM) diets for 1 month. The present study further investigated the effects of broodstock feeding on the same offspring when they were 16 months old and were challenged for a second time with the low-FM and low-FO diet for 2 months. The results showed that replacement of parental moderate-FO feeding with LO, combined with juvenile feeding at 4 months old with low-FM and low-FO diets, significantly (P<0·05) improved offspring growth and feed utilisation of low-FM/FO diets even when they were 16 months old: that is, when they were on the verge of their first reproductive season. Liver fatty acid composition was significantly affected by broodstock or reminder diets as well as by their interaction. Moreover, the reduction of long-chain PUFA and increase in α-linolenic acid and linoleic acid in broodstock diets lead to a significant down-regulation of hepatic lipoprotein lipase (P<0·001) and elongation of very long-chain fatty acids protein 6 (P<0·01). Besides, fatty acid desaturase 2 values were positively correlated to hepatic levels of 18 : 4n-3, 18 : 3n-6, 20 : 5n-3, 22 : 6n-3 and 22 : 5n-6. Thus, this study demonstrated the long-term nutritional programming of gilthead sea bream through broodstock feeding, the effect of feeding a ‘reminder’ diet during juvenile stages to improve utilisation of low-FM/FO diets and fish growth as well as the regulation of gene expression along the fish’s life-cycle.

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Ferosekhan, Shajahan, Serhat Turkmen, Hanlin Xu, Juan Manuel Afonso, Maria Jesus Zamorano, Sadasivam Kaushik, and Marisol Izquierdo. "The Relationship between the Expression of Fatty Acyl Desaturase 2 (fads2) Gene in Peripheral Blood Cells (PBCs) and Liver in Gilthead Seabream, Sparus aurata Broodstock Fed a Low n-3 LC-PUFA Diet." Life 10, no. 7 (July 19, 2020): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life10070117.

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The principle aim of this study is to elucidate the relationship between the fatty acid desaturase 2 gene (fads2) expression pattern in peripheral blood cells (PBCs) and liver of gilthead seabream (GSB), Sparus aurata broodstock in order to determine the possible use of fads2 expression as a potential biomarker for the selection of broodstock. This selection could be utilized for breeding programs aiming to improve reproduction, health, and nutritional status. Passive Integrated Transponder (PIT)-tagged GSB broodstock (Male-1.22 ± 0.20 kg; 44.8 ± 2 cm and female-2.36 ± 0.64 kg; 55.1 cm) were fed a diet containing low levels of fish meal and fish oil (EPA 2.5; DHA 1.7 and n-3 LC-PUFA 4.6% TFA) for one month. After the feeding period, fads2 expression in PBCs and liver of both male and female broodstock were highly significantly correlated (r = 0.89; p < 0.001). Additionally, in male broodstock, liver fads2 expression was significantly correlated (p < 0.05) to liver contents in 16:0 (r = 0.95; p = 0.04) and total saturates (r = 0.97; p = 0.03) as well as to 20:3n–6/20:2n–6 (r = 0.98; p = 0.02) a Fads2 product/precursor ratio. Overall, we found a positive and significant correlation between fads2 expression levels in the PBCs and liver of GSB broodstock. PBCs fads2 expression levels indicate a strong potential for utilization as a non-invasive method to select animals having increased fatty acid bioconversion capability, better able to deal with diets free of fish meal and fish oil.

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Kangpanich, Chanpim, Jarunan Pratoomyot, Nisa Siranonthana, and Wansuk Senanan. "Effects of arachidonic acid supplementation in maturation diet on female reproductive performance and larval quality of giant river prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii)." PeerJ 4 (November 29, 2016): e2735. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.2735.

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The giant river prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) is one of the most farmed freshwater crustaceans in the world. Its global production has been stalling in the past decade due to the inconsistent quality of broodstock and hatchery-produced seeds. A better understanding of the role of nutrition in maturation diets will help overcome some of the production challenges. Arachidonic acid (20:4 n-6, ARA) is a fatty acid precursor of signaling molecules important for crustacean reproduction, prostaglandins E and F of the series II (PGE2 and PGF2α), and is often lacking in maturation diets of shrimp and prawns. We examined the effects of ARA in a combination of different fish oil (FO) and soybean oil (SO) blends on females’ reproductive performance and larval quality. Adult females (15.22 ± 0.13 g and 11.12 ± 0.09 cm) were fed six isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets containing one of two different base compositions (A or B), supplemented with one of three levels ofMortierella alpine-derived ARA (containing 40% active ARA): 0, 1 or 2% by ingredient weight. The two base diets differed in the percentages of (FO and SO with diet A containing 2% SO and 2% FO and diet B containing 2.5% SO and 1.5% FO, resulting in differences in proportional contents of dietary linoleic acid (18:2n-6, LOA) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3, DHA)). After the eight-week experiment, prawns fed diet B with 1 and 2% ARA supplement (B1 and B2) exhibited the highest gonadosomatic index (GSI), hepatosomatic index (HSI), egg clutch weight, fecundity, hatching rate, number of larvae, and reproductive effort compared to those fed other diets (p ≤ 0.05). Larvae from these two dietary treatments also had higher tolerance to low salinity (2 ppt). The maturation period was not significantly different among most treatments (p ≥ 0.05). ARA supplementation, regardless of the base diet, significantly improved GSI, HSI, egg clutch weight and fecundity. However, the diets with an enhanced ARA and LOA (B1 and B2) resulted in the best reproductive performance, egg hatchability and larval tolerance to low salinity. These dietary treatments also allow for effective accumulation of ARA and an n-3 lcPUFA, DHA in eggs and larvae.

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Xu, Hanlin, Shajahan Ferosekhan, Serhat Turkmen, Juan Manuel Afonso, María Jesús Zamorano, and Marisol Izquierdo. "Influence of Parental Fatty Acid Desaturase 2 (fads2) Expression and Diet on Gilthead Seabream (Sparus aurata) Offspring fads2 Expression during Ontogenesis." Animals 10, no. 11 (November 23, 2020): 2191. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10112191.

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Previous studies have shown that it is possible to increase the ability of marine fish to produce long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid from their 18C precursors by nutritional programming or using broodstock with a higher fatty acyl desaturase 2 (fads2) expression. However, those studies failed to show the effect of these interventions on the expression of the fads2 gene in the developing egg. Moreover, there were no studies on the temporal expression of the fads2 during ontogeny in the gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata). In order to determine the changes in expression of fads2 during ontogeny, gilthead sea bream broodstock with a high (HRO) or low (LRO) fads2 expression fed a diet previously used for nutritional programming, or a fish oil-based diet (LFO) were allowed to spawn. The samples were taken at the stages of spawning, morula, high blastula, gastrula, neurula, heart beating, hatch and 3 day-old first exogenous feeding larvae to determine fads2 expression throughout embryonic development. The results showed the presence of fads2 mRNA in the just spawned egg, denoting the maternal mRNA transfer to the developing oocyte. Later, fads2 expression increased after the neurula, from heart beating until 3-day-old larvae, denoting the transition from maternal to embryonic gene expression. In addition, the eggs obtained from broodstock with high fads2 expression showed a high docosahexaenoic acid content, which correlated with the downregulation of the fads2 expression found in the developing embryo and larvae. Finally, feeding with the nutritional programming diet with the partial replacement of fish oil by rapeseed oil did not affect the long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC-PUFA) contents nor fads2 expression in the gilthead sea bream developing eggs.

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Serrano, Edison, Robert Simpfendorfer, Jaime Paillaman, and Juan Carlos Sánchez. "Comparative studies on nutritional composition of captive and wild southern hake Merluccius australis broodstocks." Revista de Biología Marina y Oceanografía 55, no. 3 (January 21, 2021): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.22370/rbmo.2020.55.3.2578.

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The proximal composition, amino acids and fatty acid profile were determined in whole body of wild and captive southern hake (Merluccius australis) in order to evaluate the differences in nutrients content due to the nutritional quality of the feed consumed during broodstock conditioning of this species. Body composition of southern hake did not show significant differences in dry matter, protein or ash content between both studied groups. Conversely, lipid content was significantly higher in the whole body of captive fish compared to the wild fish. In addition, the concentration of linoleic, docosahexaenoic and eicosapentaenoic acids, showed significantly higher level in captive hake than the wild hake. Amino acids concentrations did not vary between fish, except threonine and taurine. Threonine concentration was higher in wild hake whereas taurine concentration was higher in captive hake. The results of this comparative study provide a better understanding of the effects of supplemented feed currently used to acclimate and maintain in captivity southern hake broodstock.

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Turkmen, Serhat, Maria J. Zamorano, Hanlin Xu, Hipólito Fernández-Palacios, Lidia Robaina, Sadasivam Kaushik, and Marisol Izquierdo. "Parental LC-PUFA biosynthesis capacity and nutritional intervention with alpha-linolenic acid affect performance of Sparus aurata progeny." Journal of Experimental Biology 223, no. 23 (October 19, 2020): jeb214999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.214999.

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ABSTRACTEnvironmental factors such as nutritional interventions during early developmental stages affect and establish long-term metabolic changes in all animals. Diet during the spawning period has a nutritional programming effect in offspring of gilthead seabream and affects long-term metabolism. Studies showed modulation of genes such as fads2, which is considered to be a rate-limiting step in the synthesis of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFA). However, it is still unknown whether this adaptation is related to the presence of precursors or to limitations in the pre-formed products, n-3 LC-PUFA, contained in the diets used during nutritional programming. This study investigated the combined effects of nutritional programming on Sparusaurata through broodstock diets during the spawning period and in broodfish showing higher or lower fads2 expression levels in the blood after 1 month of feeding with a diet containing high levels of plant protein sources and vegetable oils (VM/VO). Broodfish showing high fads2 expression had a noticeable improvement in spawning quality parameters as well as in the growth of 6 month old offspring when challenged with a high VM/VO diet. Further, nutritional conditioning with 18:3n-3-rich diets had an adverse effect in comparison to progeny obtained from fish fed high fish meal and fish oil (FM/FO) diets, with a reduction in growth of juveniles. Improved growth of progeny from the high fads2 broodstock combined with similar muscle fatty acid profiles is also an excellent option for tailoring and increasing the flesh n-3 LC-PUFA levels to meet the recommended dietary allowances for human consumption.

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Favalier, Nathan, Vincent Véron, Michael Marchand, Anne Surget, Patrick Maunas, Nicolas Turonnet, Stéphane Panserat, and Lucie Marandel. "Short-Term Effect of a Low-Protein High-Carbohydrate Diet on Mature Female and Male, and Neomale Rainbow Trout." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 11 (June 7, 2021): 6149. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22116149.

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Rainbow trout are considered as a poor user of dietary carbohydrates, displaying persistent postprandial hyperglycaemia when fed a diet containing high amounts of carbohydrates. While this phenotype is well-described in juveniles, less attention was given to broodstock. Our objective was to assess for the first time the short-term consequences of feeding mature female and male, and neomale trout with a low-protein high-carbohydrate diet on glucose and lipid metabolism. Fish were fed for two days with a diet containing either no or 32% of carbohydrates. We analysed plasma metabolites, mRNA levels and enzymatic activities of glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, de novo lipogenesis and β-oxidation in the liver. Results demonstrated that the glucose and lipid metabolism were regulated by the nutritional status in all sexes, irrespective of the carbohydrate intake. These data point out that carbohydrate intake during a short period (5 meals) at 8 °C did not induce specific metabolic changes in broodstock. Finally, we demonstrated, for the first time, sex differences regarding the consequences of two days of feeding on glucose and lipid metabolism.

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Samad, MA, MT Hossain, and BMS Rahman. "Present status of broodstock management at carp hatcheries in Jessore." Journal of the Bangladesh Agricultural University 11, no. 2 (August 11, 2014): 349–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v11i2.19939.

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This study represented a survey report on present status of management of carp brood fish. The survey was conducted with 40 hatcheries at Chacrha in Jessore from June to November, 2012. Production of brood fish was found to depend on the combined interaction between feed and culture technique. Some information showed that brood fish selection for induced breeding was done on the basis of their experience. Pond preparation was carried out properly but stocking density of brood fish was quite high and water quality was not maintained properly. Negative selection of brood fish was done in few hatcheries aiming at reducing the cost for collecting or purchasing good quality broods. The sources of brood fish were mainly own and other sources were Halda River, Padma River, Govertment brood bank and World Fish Center. Feed used for brood carp fish were mainly rice bran (34.57%), mustard oil cake (21.78%), vitamin and mineral premix (0.8%), wheat flour (8.64%), fish meal (8.64%) and soya bean flour (10.37%), maize flour (6.91%), rice ( 6.91%), di-calcium (1.73%), salt (0.34%) and antioxidant (0.04%) . Nutritional composition of feed was mainly crude protein (30-40%), crude lipid (10-12%), carbohydrate (20-30%). Protein percentage of feed always tried to keep 26% even though it was varied due to the other feed ingredients. Fertilizer such as Triple super phosphate (0.73 kg/dec), urea (0.25 kg/dec), potash (1.5 kg/decl), cowdung (5.19 kg/dec), poultry offal (1.9 kg/dec) and Murite of potash (0.13 kg/dec) were used. Scientific brood and hatchery management could be a good approach to attain the main purpose of aquaculture. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v11i2.19939 J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 11(2): 349-358, 2013

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Reading, Benjamin, Linnea Andersen, Yong-Woon Ryu, Yuji Mushirobira, Takashi Todo, and Naoshi Hiramatsu. "Oogenesis and Egg Quality in Finfish: Yolk Formation and Other Factors Influencing Female Fertility." Fishes 3, no. 4 (November 21, 2018): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fishes3040045.

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Egg quality in fishes has been a topic of research in aquaculture and fisheries for decades as it represents an important life history trait and is critical for captive propagation and successful recruitment. A major factor influencing egg quality is proper yolk formation, as most fishes are oviparous and the developing offspring are entirely dependent on stored egg yolk for nutritional sustenance. These maternally derived nutrients consist of proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, vitamins, minerals, and ions that are transported from the liver to the ovary by lipoprotein particles including vitellogenins. The yolk composition may be influenced by broodstock diet, husbandry, and other intrinsic and extrinsic conditions. In addition, a number of other maternal factors that may influence egg quality also are stored in eggs, such as gene transcripts, that direct early embryonic development. Dysfunctional regulation of gene or protein expression may lead to poor quality eggs and failure to thrive within hours of fertilization. These gene transcripts may provide important markers as their expression levels may be used to screen broodstock for potential spawning success. In addition to such intrinsic factors, stress may lead to ovarian atresia or reproductive failure and can impact fish behavior, fecundity, and ovulation rate. Finally, postovulatory aging may occur when eggs become overripe and the fish fails to spawn in a timely fashion, leading to low fertility, often encountered during manual strip spawning of fish.

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Sutarjo, Ganjar Adhywirawan, David Hermawan, and Alvi Zahrotun Nisa. "Effect of different types of feed (squid, sea worms, and trash fish) to gonad maternity and fundamental levels of Galah shrimp (Macrobrachium Rosenbergii)." IJOTA (Indonesian Journal of Tropical Aquatic) 4, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 24–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.22219/ijota.v4i1.15850.

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Giant prawns (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) need enough nutrients for the reproductive process. One way to give feed which contains high enough protein. Complete nutritional content, especially protein, can be found in natural food. The type of natural feed used for main feeds including squid, sea worms, trash fish. Complete nutrient content can affect the rate of gonadal development and fecundity. (Squid, sea worms, trash fish) on the level of gonadal maturity and density of broodstock parents (Macrobrachium rosenbergii). This research was conducted by a completely randomized design (CRD) trial design. This study used 4 replications of different types of feeding. The types of feed given are squid, sea worms, trash fish, and pellets at a dose of 5% from biomass/day. The parameters of observation include observation of the level of gonad resistance, fundamentality of broodstock parent, and measurement of water quality (temperature, pH, and dissolved oxygen). The results showed that the administration of different types of feed (sea worms, trash fish) had a very significant effect on the level of maturity and had a significant effect on the probability of prawns (M. rosenbergii). After analysis of variance, the results of F Calculations are greater than F Table 0.05 and F Table 0.01. The smallest significant difference test (LSD) was obtained in P1 (Squid feed) with the Gonad maturity rate ± 5- 6 days as much as 83 % parent and fecundity average results of 28,846 ± 4,925.3 thousand / 45 g.

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Skjærven, Kaja H., Eystein Oveland, Maren Mommens, Elisa Samori, Takaya Saito, Anne-Catrin Adam, and Marit Espe. "Out-of-season spawning affects the nutritional status and gene expression in both Atlantic salmon female broodstock and their offspring." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology 247 (September 2020): 110717. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpa.2020.110717.

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Izquierdo, M. S., S. Turkmen, D. Montero, M. J. Zamorano, J. M. Afonso, V. Karalazos, and H. Fernández-Palacios. "Nutritional programming through broodstock diets to improve utilization of very low fishmeal and fish oil diets in gilthead sea bream." Aquaculture 449 (December 2015): 18–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2015.03.032.

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Magaña-Gallegos, Edén, Rodrigo González-Zúñiga, Gerard Cuzon, Miguel Arevalo, Eduardo Pacheco, Manuel A. J. Valenzuela, Gabriela Gaxiola, Elisa Chan-Vivas, Korinthia López-Aguiar, and Elsa Noreña-Barroso. "Nutritional Contribution of Biofloc within the Diet of Growout and Broodstock of Litopenaeus vannamei , Determined by Stable Isotopes and Fatty Acids." Journal of the World Aquaculture Society 49, no. 5 (February 25, 2018): 919–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jwas.12513.

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Chacón-Guzmán, Jonathan, Milagro Carvajal-Oses, Pedro Toledo-Agüero, and Héctor Flores-Gatica. "Comparison of fatty acids profile of the gonads and eggs of Lutjanus guttatus (Perciformes: Lutjanidae) obtained from wild and captive broodstock." Uniciencia 34, no. 1 (January 31, 2020): 32–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.15359/ru.34-1.3.

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The proportions of fatty acids present in eggs and gonads of wild and captive Lutjanus guttatus (Steindachner, 1869) were evaluated to assist in obtaining nutritional information necessary to improve the diets provided in aquaculture production centers of this species. Samples of eggs and gonads were obtained from broodstock (1.0±0.1 kg) kept in the Pacific Marine Park (PMP), Costa Rica, and from individuals caught by fishermen in their natural environment. The samples were taken in triplicate during the period spanning from August to September 2015. Captive snappers were fed a fresh diet. Spawns and gonads were obtained from two groups of 16 specimens each of captive and wild fish, both groups having a sex ratio of 1:1 male to female. Gonads from females were selected according to their maturity stage, and male gonads were sampled based on the quantity, viscosity and color of semen. There were no statistically significant differences (p≥0.05) between egg diameters and oil droplets size; viability rates, expressed as percentages, were considered to be high and appropriate for comparison (91.2% captive, 86.1% wild). There were also no statistically significant differences in the fatty acid composition of eggs obtained from wild and captive females (p=0.2188), or in gonads from males (p=0.6179) and wild and captive females (p=0.1153). The presence of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) was observed in all of the samples analyzed, while arachidonic acid (ARA) was found in amounts ranging from 0.38 to 5.07% and was not present in the eggs of wild females or in the gonads of captive females.

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Kemski, Megan, Macdonald Wick, and Konrad Dabrowski. "Nutritional programming effects on growth and reproduction of broodstock and embryonic development of progeny in yellow perch (Perca flavescens) fed soybean meal-based diets." Aquaculture 497 (December 2018): 452–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2018.07.001.

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Xu, Hanlin, Serhat Turkmen, Simona Rimoldi, Genciana Terova, María Jesús Zamorano, Juan Manuel Afonso, Samira Sarih, Hipólito Fernández-Palacios, and Marisol Izquierdo. "Nutritional intervention through dietary vegetable proteins and lipids to gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) broodstock affects the offspring utilization of a low fishmeal/fish oil diet." Aquaculture 513 (November 2019): 734402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2019.734402.

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Wibowo, Eko Setio, Edy Yuwono, Purnama Sukardi, and Asrul Sahri Siregar. "Survival Rate, Growth And Chemical Content of Dendronereis pinnaticirris (Polychaeta, Nereidae) In Maintenance With Different Food And Substrate." ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences 25, no. 2 (May 20, 2020): 75–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ik.ijms.25.2.75-84.

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The worm Dendronereis pinnaticirris is used as feed of shrimp broodstock in a hatchery, mainly because of its availability in the local market, and its nutritional content required for improving gonad maturation and post larvae production. The important economic value of the worm and the increasing demand for feed in shrimp hatcheries have led to an intense exploitation that suppers its population and the sustainability of the whole estuarine ecosystem. The study, which represents the starting point of large-scale production of the polychaete worm by culture in the artificial system, shall be undertaken. Accordingly, a production study using D. pinnaticirris juvenile was carried out under controlled conditions fed with two different feed (feed contains mainly plant protein and animal protein, respectively), and kept in three different substrates (substrate consists of mud and 8.78%, 37.34%, 39.17% sand, respectively). The treatments were arranged according to randomized completely block design in 8 (eight) replicates. The survival rate, body weight increment and growth, oxygen consumption, proximate body chemical, and fatty acid contents were measured. The results showed that growth and oxygen consumption was significantly influenced by a substrate and feed type (P<0.05). Worms on the mud substrate with 39.17% sand, and feed containing vegetable protein showed the highest oxygen consumption. Survival rate and chemical body content were not significantly influenced by the type of substrate and feed (P<0.05). The protein content of the worm was 32.02-43.81%, while fat content was 2.41-9.89%. Twenty different fatty acids were identified in the worm of all treatment groups.

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Hamed, Farhan Yasin, Adelia Zakirovna Anokhina, Natalia Viktorovna Sudakova, and Damelya Kazhigalievna Magzanova. "Modern features of aquaculture of cyprinids in the republic of Iraq." Rybovodstvo i rybnoe hozjajstvo (Fish Breeding and Fisheries), no. 12 (December 1, 2020): 6–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/sel-12-2010-01.

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It is shown that the leading role in the aquaculture of Iraq belongs to Cyprinids, which account for over 80 % of all fish farming production. The most widespread in the country are four main world species of carp aquaculture: common carp (Cyprinus carpio), grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) and bighead carp (Aristichthys nobilis). Basically, the traditional technology of growing Cyprinids in ponds is used, which includes the main fish farming processes: care of broodstock to prepare them for spawning, collecting eggs and milt, eggs fertilization and incubation of embryos, raising juveniles and marketable fish. Currently, there are about 2 thousand private fish farms, which have ponds of various sizes from 4 to 100 hectares. Cultivation of Cyprinids in Iraq is carried out mainly by extensive methods: the use of the natural food base of reservoirs with low fish stocking density in polyculture. The fish productivity of ponds varies greatly in different fish farms from 1,5 to 6 t/ha, which is due to economic reasons. The data on changes in the temperature of pond water during the year and hydrochemical indicators are given, which shows favorable conditions for Cyprinids rearing. Information on the use of compound feeds for growing carp in ponds is provided, and data on the composition and nutritional value of the feed used. The fish culture indicators for the main biotechnical processes of the rearing of four Cyprinid species in Iraq are described in detail. In the conclusion, it is indicated that for the effective development of aquaculture in Iraq, government support is needed in the form of a developed long-term program and legislative acts.

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WATANABE, Takeshi, Akira ITOH, Shuichi SATOH, Chikara KITAJIMA, and Shiro FUJITA. "Nutritional studies in the seed production of fish - XVIII. Effect of dietary protein levels and feeding period before spawning on chemical components of eggs produced by Red Sea bream broodstock." NIPPON SUISAN GAKKAISHI 51, no. 9 (1985): 1501–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2331/suisan.51.1501.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Broodstock nutrition'

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