Relevant bibliographies by topics / BRT systems

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
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Academic literature on the topic 'BRT systems'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 16 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "BRT systems"

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Dantas, Renata, Jamilson Dantas, Carlos Melo, and Paulo Maciel. "Performance evaluation in BRT systems: An analysis to predict the BRT systems planning." Case Studies on Transport Policy 9, no. 3 (September 2021): 1141–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cstp.2021.06.002.

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Guarda, Pablo, Juan Miguel Velásquez, Thet Hein Tun, Xumei Chen, and Guo Zhong. "Comparing Chinese and Non-Chinese Bus Rapid Transit Systems: Evidence from Evaluating Global Systems on the Basis of Bus Rapid Transit Design Indicators." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2647, no. 1 (January 2017): 118–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2647-14.

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In the past decade, bus rapid transit (BRT) corridors have been added in China at a faster rate than anywhere else in the world. As the number of BRT systems in Chinese cities continues to increase, it is critical to identify the key factors that influence the operation performance and service quality of these systems. In this paper, the design of BRT systems in China is compared with that of non-Chinese cities with a ranking system based on the set of indicators from the BRT Standard (2013 and 2014 editions), which were developed by the Institute for Transportation and Development Policy. The database included experts’ assessments of more than 99 BRT corridors in 59 cities and 21 countries and was available online. To identify strengths and opportunities to improve the Chinese BRT systems, the analysis of variance method was used to test whether the BRT score differences between the Chinese BRT and non-Chinese BRT systems were statistically significant. Results showed that, on average, BRT systems in Chinese cities scored significantly lower than those in other countries. This finding can be explained by the low scores of Chinese systems in design indicator categories such as integration and access, a category that evaluates the level of integration with other modes of transportation, pedestrian access and universal accessibility, and infrastructure, which measures bus station design features.
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Jagiełło, Aleksander. "The role of the Bus Rapid Transit in public transport." Transportation Overview - Przeglad Komunikacyjny 2017, no. 2 (February 1, 2017): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.35117/a_eng_17_02_01.

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The article familiarizes the reader with the concept of Bus Rapid Transit systems as a type of transport that combines the advantages of conventional buses, tramways and urban rail transit systems. For this purpose, the genesis of the idea of BRT systems was presented and the system functioning in Curitiba, considered to be the progenitor of the concept, was described. In the second part, the advantages and disadvantages of BRT systems as compared with other means of urban transport were described and differences between BRT subtypes, including BRT Lite, Heavy and Full BRT were presented. The final part of the article was devoted to illustrating the process of expansion of BRT systems around the world and the development of these systems in selected countries.
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Hess, Daniel B., Brian D. Taylor, and Allison C. Yoh. "Light Rail Lite or Cost-Effective Improvements to Bus Service?" Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1927, no. 1 (January 2005): 22–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198105192700103.

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Bus rapid transit (BRT) is growing rapidly in popularity because it is viewed widely as an efficient and effective means to improve both transit service and patronage. This paper argues that two distinct views of BRT are emerging: ( a) BRT as a new form of high-speed, rubber-tired, rail-like rapid transit and ( b) BRT as a cost-effective way to upgrade both the quality and image of traditional fixed-route bus service. These two views carry different price tags because the cost of planning, constructing, and operating BRT depends on the complexity of new service features and on rises for BRT that offer service characteristics approaching those of light rail. This study fills a gap in the literature on the costs of BRT by examining in detail component costs–-actual costs for recently implemented services and projected costs for planned new services–-for a sample of BRT systems in North American cities. The study examined BRT costs of 14 planned and recently opened BRT systems to determine how the wide range of BRT service and technology configurations affect costs. The study found that although some of the most successful and popular new BRT systems are high-quality services operating in mixed traffic and implemented at relatively low cost, most BRT projects on the drawing boards are more elaborate, more expensive systems than many currently in service. Most new BRT projects emphasize elaborate LRT-type improvements to lines and stations in one or a few corridors rather than less splashy improvements (such as next-bus monitors, signal preemption, queue-jump lanes, and so forth) affecting more lines and modes in local transit networks. Among the 14 systems examined here, most could be characterized as light rail lite.
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Yin, Yafeng, Mark A. Miller, and Avishai (Avi) Ceder. "Framework for Deployment Planning of Bus Rapid Transit Systems." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1903, no. 1 (January 2005): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198105190300102.

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Bus rapid transit (BRT) systems combine vehicles, stations, running ways, and intelligent transportation system elements into a fully integrated system with a unique identity. It has great flexibility in incremental deployment of these BRT elements. Proposed is a deployment planning framework that provides, in a sequence of steps, a general structure for optimal deployment of BRT systems. This framework and its formulation, once operationalized, would provide transit agencies a practical tool for determining the optimal deployment strategy or strategies given budgetary, institutional, and other types of constraints associated with the corridor for which they have decided to deploy BRT. A case study example is provided to illustrate how the proposed framework would be used.
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Sidloski, Michaela, and Ehab Diab. "Understanding the Effectiveness of Bus Rapid Transit Systems in Small and Medium-Sized Cities in North America." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2674, no. 10 (August 10, 2020): 831–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198120940993.

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In response to a lack of existing academic literature in relation to bus rapid transit (BRT) system success in small and medium-sized cities, this research examines the operational, demographic, and socioeconomic aspects of BRT at the route and system level in 16 small and medium-sized cities across North America. The results are compared with BRTs of large North American metropolitan areas to establish how the determinants of and requirements for BRT success differ. A wide array of factors collected from transit agencies, the Canadian and American 2016 censuses, and General Transit Feed Specification (GTFS) data are analyzed alongside ridership, which represents the primary determinant of BRT system success. The findings suggest that BRT routes of larger cities generally enjoy higher ridership levels compared with smaller and medium-sized cities in North America. Operational variables including service frequency were considerably higher in larger cities, with shorter route lengths, compared to small and medium cities. Higher population density, local accessibility, and percentage of rented households can also be observed in larger cities’ BRT system catchment areas in comparison with smaller cities. However, some BRT routes of smaller and medium-sized cities in North America exhibit comparable ridership levels with those in large cities. These routes have similar levels in relation to rentership, route length, and headway, with good local accessibility, while falling behind in population density. This paper expands on previous research on BRT systems, helping transit planners and policymakers to better understand the relationship between the city size and BRT ridership levels.
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Ancora, Vincenzo, Claudio Nelli, and Marco Petrelli. "A Microsimulation Model for BRT Systems Analysis." Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 54 (October 2012): 1250–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.09.839.

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Haider, Farhan, Zia ur Rehman, Ammad Hassan Khan, Maryam Ilyas, and Inamullah Khan. "Performance Evaluation of BRT Standard in Decision Support System for Integrated Transportation Policy." Sustainability 13, no. 4 (February 11, 2021): 1957. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13041957.

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Increased urbanization implicated in the form of increased vehicles on roads which burdened limited resources and caused environmental deterioration. To reduce these effects, a Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) system was considered the right solution, requiring minimal infrastructure, as compared to other mass transit options, yet demanding great expertise. This research analyses BRT systems in four cities of Pakistan and the performance evaluation of BRT standards is conducted by developing a statistical model to evaluate predictive BRT standard, which results in identifying the parameters used to improve the performance of the BRT, thus resulting in improved BRT Institute for Transportation and Development Policy (ITDP) standard. As per ITDP, Peshawar BRT was ranked as Gold, whereas Lahore BRT, Rawalpindi/Islamabad BRT and Multan BRT were ranked as Silver. Research describes that ITDP rating can be significantly enhanced if worked in the right direction, taking into account the standards; Peshawar BRT is an example to follow for existing and future BRT in Pakistan. If fully integrated networks of routes and corridors for Lahore, Rawalpindi/Islamabad and Multan BRT have been developed, the model predicts the enhancement of ratings. This paper will assist transport policy makers to strategize in accordance with ITDP standard developed to evaluate and improve the quality of BRT.
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Hyland, Michael F., and Hani S. Mahmassani. "Analytical Five-Phase Bus Rapid Transit Traffic Flow Model." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2533, no. 1 (January 2015): 134–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2533-15.

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Bus rapid transit (BRT) systems are becoming increasingly popular in cities worldwide because of their ( a) efficiency and reliability advantages over traditional bus service and ( b) cost advantages over rail transit systems. As transportation decision makers consider the implementation and planning of BRT systems, it is important that they be able to analyze different operational components of these systems. This paper describes an analytical five-phase BRT traffic flow model that is able to model the movement of a bus throughout an entire BRT corridor and network. The five-phase model includes ( a) a queuing model to determine the time a bus spends waiting for access to the loading area, ( b) an access time model to determine the time that it takes a bus to access a loading area position from the queue when a loading position becomes available, ( c) a nonlinear dwell time model to determine the time that a bus spends at a loading area position, and ( d and e) a two-part model of the following behavior of buses between bus stations, dependent on whether there is a bus between the following bus and the approaching station. The five-phase BRT traffic flow model provides a comprehensive modeling framework for a networkwide simulation of a separate right-of-way BRT system. The model builds on research in the areas of car-following (and more recently bus-following) models, dwell time models, and bus station queuing models.
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Oviedo, Daniel, Lynn Scholl, Marco Innao, and Lauramaria Pedraza. "Do Bus Rapid Transit Systems Improve Accessibility to Job Opportunities for the Poor? The Case of Lima, Peru." Sustainability 11, no. 10 (May 16, 2019): 2795. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11102795.

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Investments in public transit infrastructure in Latin America and the Caribbean often aim to reduce spatial and social inequalities by improving accessibility to jobs and other opportunities for vulnerable populations. One of the central goals of Lima’s Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) project was to connect low-income populations living in the peripheries to jobs in the city center, a policy objective that has not yet been evaluated. Building on secondary datasets of employment, household socio-demographics and origin–destination surveys before and after the BRT began operations, this paper examines the contribution of Lima’s BRT system to accessibility to employment in the city, particularly for low-income public transit users. We estimated the effects on potential accessibility to employment, comparing impacts on lower versus higher income populations, and assessed the changes in location-based accessibility to employment before (2004) and after implementation (2012) for treatment and comparison groups. We found that the BRT line reduced travel times for commuters to reach jobs, in comparison with traditional public transport in the city. However, the coverage of the BRT declines in areas with high concentrations of poor populations, limiting the equitability of accessibility improvements. The analysis by socioeconomic sub-groups found positive effects of the BRT system on accessibility for the higher income areas. Relative to the control group, accessibility increased in the 10-km boundary area of the BRT by 0.01, a seven percent increase relative to the treatment baseline accessibility index in the higher socioeconomic (SES) areas of the city. In contrast, in the areas with high concentrations of lower SES populations, the double difference estimate indicated an 11 percent decrease relative to the baseline accessibility index (0.09). We build on case-specific findings and international literature to reflect on policy avenues to include the poor in the mobility benefits of BRT systems. These measures include targeted fare subsidies for low-income groups, fare integration with other forms of public transport that reduce the cost of transfers, and the increase of coverage of the BRT through the integration of stations with non-motorized infrastructure.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "BRT systems"

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Stojanovski, Todor. "Bus rapid transit (BRT) and transitoriented development (TOD) : How to transform and adjust the Swedish cities for attractive bus systems like BRT? What demands BRT?" Licentiate thesis, KTH, Trafik och logistik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-128526.

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Bus rapid transit (BRT) is an innovative bus system with sophisticated vehicles and inflexible busways integrated in the cities, high capacity and high quality, high speed and frequency, distinctive image and comfort. Many in Sweden believe that is impossible to introduce BRT, even though the Swedish towns and cities can benefit from the image, speed and frequency that BRT symbolizes. The archipelago-like urbanization, urban sprawl and the uncompetitive journey times of public transportation compared with the private car are identified as main obstacles. New questions emerged: Is it possible to transform and adjust the Swedish towns and cities for BRT? What demands BRT? How is transit-oriented development (TOD) applicable in a Swedish context as a policy to integrate cities and BRT? In this licentiate thesis I investigate the interrelationship between bus transportation and neighborhoods, between BRT and urban form as well as the possibilities to introduce busways and BRT, to trigger TOD and to transform the Swedish towns and cities for BRT. Much has been written about BRT, but seldom by architects or urban planners and designers. BRT and TOD are seen though urban form and processes of urbanization within a morphological tradition established by Kevin Lynch. BRT is represented by paths and nodes that disperse distinctive attractiveness pattern of desirability cores that shape neighborhoods as districts. TOD is about synchronizing the everyday urban life with public transportation systems. BRT-TOD is defined as a policy to recognize desirability cores spread by the different infrastructures of BRT and promote development of urban form within their attractiveness pattern at urban and regional scale. BRT-TOD is discussed as a concept of BRT metropolis in context of the urbanization of Swedish towns and cities.  TOD is defined morphologically as public transport cities. A public transport city is a city that in its development adapted to specific public transportation systems. TOD is nothing new in Europe or Sweden. To find regularities of the effect of public transportation systems on cities I do a historical overview of the Swedish towns and cities. In the end the position of bus and BRT, public transport cities and TOD and possibilities of future urban transformation of the smaller and larger Swedish cities towards BRT metropolises are discussed in context of today’s “‘system’ of automobility” and widespread car society and the emerging knowledge society and its postmodern fringes of urbanization.

QC 20130917

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Guzman, Jaramillo Alvaro Nicolas. "Understanding the role of power during the implementation of BRT systems." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2017. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/20824/.

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This research is about power. It is completely immersed in modern societies, reflections on power have not settled its definition. Regardless of centuries of considerations about power, there is still much to learn about its exercise. For decades, power has been analysed by scholars all over the world; however, transport planners have avoided issues concerning power. This dissertation focuses on the use of power during planning and implementation processes of two Bus Rapid Transit Systems; one in Quito, Ecuador, and another in Cambridge, England. Using a multimethod phronetic approach, this research examines how decisions were made for the implementation of BRT in the selected case studies. Phronetic methodology aims to explain social phenomena by piecing together large and small details that shape the context of events; in this case, existing planning documentation and the narratives of key stakeholders and decision-makers —such as former Mayors, Council Members, and Heads of Transport Departments— were used to understand the reasons behind the adoption of bus systems. Despite the contextual differences of geography, population, and political and administrative terms between Quito and Cambridge, there are key themes found in both case studies. Solving congestion and improving economic growth is a key motivation for the implementation of the systems in both cases. A complex network of actors is formed during the planning processes of BRT systems that shape the way decisions are made. In both cases, an isolated group of actors that lack the opportunity to exercise power was also identified. A sophisticated mixture of power mechanisms were discovered, which contained actors that had more experience, training and opportunities to exercise power. The findings of the analysis of power in Quito and Cambridge suggest that stakeholders with opportunities to exercise power —from the beginning— are also actors with more opportunities to influence the final uptake of the systems. Planners interested in participatory processes need to focus efforts to involve different communities as early as possible in the planning processes. The inclusion of communities does not guarantee that their needs and objectives will be incorporated into the planning process. A set of power mechanisms need to be developed by all members involved in the process. An early participation of these communities can help focus planning on solving people’s needs rather than the implementation of a specific scheme.
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Santos, Paula Manoela dos. "Método de calibração de um modelo veículo seguidor para BRT e ônibus em corredor segregado." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/75917.

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O modelo veículo seguidor – ou car-following – é o coração dos softwares de simulação microscópica de tráfego. Quando bem calibrados, esses softwares são capazes de replicar a realidade em ambiente controlado. Ainda hoje há uma resistência quanto à calibração do modelo veículo seguidor e, mesmo que muitos trabalhos relatem formas de realizá-la, são escassas as referências na literatura sobre calibração utilizando dados de sistemas ônibus. Este trabalho consiste na elaboração de um método de calibração do modelo veículo seguidor de Gipps, combinado ao modelo de aceleração linear, para a replicação da operação de ônibus em corredores exclusivos. A elaboração do método iniciou com uma revisão dos principais modelos veículo seguidor e uma posterior avaliação dos modelos GHR e de Gipps para manobras típicas de sistemas ônibus. A seguir elaborou-se o procedimento de calibração utilizando coleta de dados por meio de filmagens da operação dos ônibus em corredores e da extração dos dados utilizando uma ferramenta de reconhecimento de imagem. O método das coordenadas retangulares foi utilizado para corrigir a paralaxe. Concomitante às filmagens analisou-se visualmente a ocupação dos ônibus para que as taxas de aceleração e desaceleração dos ônibus pudessem ser diferenciadas conforme o nível de ocupação. A calibração foi realizada através da comparação da distância percorrida pelos veículos ao longo do tempo e as correspondentes modeladas. Os resultados para taxas de aceleração e desaceleração obtidas a partir de dados coletados em Curitiba evidenciam a validade do procedimento. A simplicidade do método desenvolvido é uma característica importante, pois permite a replicação em outros ambientes sem a necessidade de equipamentos sofisticados.
The car-following model is the heart of the traffic simulation software and it is able to replicate real traffic conditions in a controlled environment when properly calibrated. Still today there is resistance on the car-following model calibration and, even though many papers report calibration forms of this model, there are scarce references in the literature about calibration using bus systems data. This work is the development of a method for calibrating the Gipps car-following model, combined with the free linear acceleration model, for replication of buses operation in exclusive lanes. We initiated the method planning with a review of the main car-following model and evaluation of GHR and Gipps for typical bus systems maneuvers. In the next step we developed the calibration procedure using data collection through filming bus operation and drawing out data using a tool for image recognition. We used the rectangular coordinates method to parallax correction. We also visually analyzed the buses occupation simultaneously to filming, so bus acceleration and deceleration rates could be differentiated according to the occupancy level. Calibration was achieved by comparing the vehicle distance traveled over time and corresponding modeled. The results for acceleration and deceleration rates and speed desired values obtained from data collected in Curitiba demonstrate the validity of the procedure. An important feature of this method is the plainness, as it enables replication in other environments without the need for sophisticated equipment.
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Ramirez-Bernal, Maria Fernanda. "How effective will a BRT system going to be in Santiago de Chile? Case studies." Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1203610888.

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Thesis (Master of Community Planning)--University of Cincinnati, 2008.
Advisor: David Edelman J. (Committee Chair); Christopher Auffrey (Committee Co-Chair) Title from electronic thesis title page (viewed May 8, 2008). Includes abstract. Keywords: BRT; public transportation; transportation systems; Curitiba; Brazil; Bogota; Colombia; Santiago de Chile; Chile; developing countries Includes bibliographical references.
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Sousa, Lorena Cristina Faria de. "O conceito de urbanidade como ferramenta de análise da inserção urbana de sistemas BTR." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2018. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/9109.

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Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2018-11-29T10:52:08Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Lorena Cristina Faria de Sousa - 2018.pdf: 6161630 bytes, checksum: a0fdd264ac9b1f6cd75f483e3594324c (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5)
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Solve the urban mobility in Brazilian ́s big cities is a necessary theme within the current urban planning, we must think of ways that people move through the urban fabric quickly and efficiently, within this scenario the prioritization of the public transportation through the insertion of systems BRT (Bus Rapid Transit or Bus Rapid Transit) that are usually used in an existing urban network, modifying the design of a street to receive resources through the segregation of traffic between vehicles and public transportation, has been implemented as a plausible and economically viable solution for cities. However, the focus on operational efficiency should not be the only approach to be taken. Performance must be a continuous system, continuing its role as the main public space within the city. From a non-governmental perspective of collective displacement, light infrastructure must also be provided. It is necessary that the series continue to be attractive and inviting to those who are circulating, which are urban to their users. Thus, a research presents in the area of the concept of urbanity and its dimensions and are tools of evaluation of the urbanity of spaces. Understanding that urbanity is a way to become your own unit, such as accessibility, security in access spaces, readability, vitality, among other aspects.
Resolver a mobilidade urbana nas grandes cidades brasileiras é um temática em pauta e necessária dentro do planejamento urbano atual, é preciso repensar as formas de as pessoas se deslocarem pelo tecido urbano de maneira rápida e eficiência, dentro deste cenário a priorização do transporte coletivo através da inserção de sistemas BRT (Bus Rapid Transit ou transporte Rápido por Ônibus) que consiste em aproveitar a malha urbana já existente, modificando o desenho de ruas para receber tal infraestrutura por meio da segregação do trafego entre veículos particulares e otransporte público, vem sendo implementado como uma solução plausível e economicamente mais viável para as cidades. Entretanto o enfoque apenas na eficiência operacional não deve ser o único enfoque a ser dar. É preciso que as ruas onde este sistema seja inserido continuem prestando seu papel como principal espaço público dentro da cidade. Sob a perspectiva de que a as políticas de mobilidade não deve apenas oferecer velocidade de deslocamentos dentro do transporte coletivo, mas devem também oferecer que a rua onde estas infraestruturas estejam inseridas sejam também de qualidade. É necessário que estas ruas continuem sendo atrativas e convidativas para os que nela circulam, que ofereçam urbanidade aos seus usuários. Assim essa pesquisa se insere na investigação do conceito de urbanidade e suas dimensões e a propõe ferramentas de avaliação da urbanidade destes espaços. Entendendo que urbanidade é a forma com que o espaço público irá receber seus usuários, denota a hospitalidade do espaço por meio de suas qualidades físicas como a acessibilidade, a segurança viária nos deslocamentos a pé, a legibilidade, a vitalidade, entre outros aspectos.
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Peron, Luciano. "Contribuição metodológica para aplicação de prioridade semafórica condicional em corredores de ônibus." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3138/tde-05112015-103715/.

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Esta pesquisa traz à discussão a implantação de Sistemas Inteligentes de Transportes (ITS), em particular a funcionalidade Transit Signal Priority (TSP), ou Prioridade Semafórica, como uma solução a ser considerada para melhorar o desempenho de um corredor de ônibus. Os dados do Sistema Integrado de Monitoramento (SIM) foram empregados para identificar os locais com maior retardamento no Corredor Campo Limpo - Rebouças- Centro em São Paulo e, selecionado um trecho crítico, foi elaborada uma rede de microssimulação no software PTV - Vissim. A aplicação da prioridade semafórica foi feita através do VISVAP, controlador de lógica externo, no qual foram escritas as condicionantes de prioridade. O TSP foi simulado em quatro cenários distintos e, os resultados obtidos permitiram concluir que as expectativas verificadas no referencial teórico (por exemplo: aumento da velocidade média dos ônibus e automóveis), puderam ser comprovadas e, além disso, a prioridade semafórica condicional foi capaz de reduzir os retardos inclusive nas vias transversais não priorizadas.
This research brings to discussion the implementation of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), particularly the Transit Signal Priority (TSP) feature as a solution to be considered to improve the performance of a bus corridor. Data from a Monitoring Integrated System (Sistema Integrado de Monitoramento - SIM) were used to identify most significant delay points at Campo Limpo - Rebouças- Centro Corridor in São Paulo and, after selected a critical stretch, it was developed a microsimulation with PTV Vissim software. The transit signal priority was made by VISVAP, external logic controller, in which were described the priority conditions. TSP was simulated in four different scenarios and, the obtained results have concluded that expectations examined in academic referencial (for example: increase in the average speed of buses and cars), could be confirmed, and, in addition, the transit signal priority was able to decrease delays in cross ways too (not prioritized).
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Jansson, Herman. "Low-resource Language Question Answering Systemwith BERT." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Institutionen för informationssystem och –teknologi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-42317.

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The complexity for being at the forefront regarding information retrieval systems are constantly increasing. Recent technology of natural language processing called BERT has reached superhuman performance in high resource languages for reading comprehension tasks. However, several researchers has stated that multilingual model’s are not enough for low-resource languages, since they are lacking a thorough understanding of those languages. Recently, a Swedish pre-trained BERT model has been introduced which is trained on significantly more Swedish data than the multilingual models currently available. This study compares both multilingual and Swedish monolingual inherited BERT model’s for question answering utilizing both a English and a Swedish machine translated SQuADv2 data set during its fine-tuning process. The models are evaluated with SQuADv2 benchmark and within a implemented question answering system built upon the classical retriever-reader methodology. This study introduces a naive and more robust prediction method for the proposed question answering system as well finding a sweet spot for each individual model approach integrated into the system. The question answering system is evaluated and compared against another question answering library at the leading edge within the area, applying a custom crafted Swedish evaluation data set. The results show that the fine-tuned model based on the Swedish pre-trained model and the Swedish SQuADv2 data set were superior in all evaluation metrics except speed. The comparison between the different systems resulted in a higher evaluation score but a slower prediction time for this study’s system.
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Fors, Jonatan, and Annika Järnström. "När användaren kom bort." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för informatik och media, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-266877.

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Today's technological development means that organizations are constantly evolving. This means that the market, which the organizations operate in, is constantly changing and becoming more complex to interpret. This development increases the demand to forecast possible outcomes and receive real-time information from the operations – i.e., obtain the most accurate data for decision-support. To make this possible, organizations need so-called ‘decision support systems’; IT-tools that rapidly provide decision makers with information based on relevant data. To obtain the highest possible value from the systems, they must seamlessly integrate and interact with the organization. This study examines how decision support systems, organizations and users relate to each other in an organizational context. The aim is to provide an insight into the limitations and possibilities of human behaviour, technological development and organizational structure to create and enable relevant and effective decision support systems. The paper’s theoretical framework is based on Orlikowski’s (1992) structurational model. The empirical material consists of semi-structured interviews, which are analysed based on Orlikowski’s model. The results show that although there is a common understanding on how the different factors should interact in order for the decision support systems to function the respondents neglected their own influence as users of the systems.
Dagens teknikutveckling medför att organisationer hela tiden utvecklas och förändras. Det i sin tur medför att den marknad organisationer agerar på förändras och blir alltmer komplex att tolka. Denna utveckling ökar efterfrågan att förutspå sannolika utfall, få information om verksamheten i realtid, kort sagt få ett korrekt beslutsunderlag. För att detta ska vara möjligt behövs IT-verktyg som snabbt kan förse beslutsfattare med underlag som grundar sig på relevanta data, så kallade beslutsstödsystem. För att få ut mesta möjliga värde från beslutsstödsystemen ställs höga krav på att de integreras och samverkar med organisationen. I studien undersöks hur beslutsstödsystem, organisationer och användare förhåller sig till varandra i en organisatorisk kontext. Målet är att ge en inblick i de begränsningar och möjligheter människors agerande, teknikens utveckling och organisationens struktur skapar för att möjliggöra relevanta och effektiva system för beslutsstöd. Studiens teoretiska ramverk tar sin utgångspunkt i Orlikowskis (1992) struktureringsmodell. Det empiriska materialet utgörs av semistrukturerade intervjuer som analyseras med utgångspunkt från Orlikowskis modell. Resultatet visar att även om det överlag finns en förståelse för hur olika faktorer bör samspela för att beslutsstödsystemen ska fungera, tonar respondenterna ner sin egen betydelse som användare av systemen.
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Kesen, Lokman. "Implementation Of An 8-bit Microcontroller With System C." Master's thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12605653/index.pdf.

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In this thesis, an 8-bit microcontroller, 8051 core, is implemented using SystemC programming language. SystemC is a new generation co-design language which is capable of both programming software and describing hardware parts of a complete system. The benefit of this design environment appears while developing a System-on-Chip (SoC), that is a system consisting both custom hardware parts and embedded software parts. SystemC is not a completely new language, but based on C++ with some additional class libraries and extensions to handle hardware related concepts such as signals, multi-valued logic, clock and delay elements. 8051 is an 8 bit microcontroller which is widely used in industry for many years. The 8051 core is still being used as the main controller in today&rsquo
s highly complex chips, such as communication and bus controllers. During the development cycles of a System-on-Chip, instead of using separate design environments for hardware and software parts, the usage of a unified co-design environment provides a better design and simulation methodology which also decreases the number of iterations at hardware software integration. In this work, an 8-bit 8051 microcontroller core and external memory modules are developed using SystemC that can be re-used in future designs to achieve more complex System-on-Chip&rsquo
s. During the development of the 8051 core, simulation results are analyzed at each step to verify the design from the very beginning of the work, which makes the design processes more structured and controlled and faster as a result.
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Li, Fangyan. "Simulation multi-moteurs multi-niveaux pour la validation des spécifications système et optimisation de la consommation." Thesis, Nice, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016NICE4008/document.

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Ce travail vise la modélisation au niveau système, en langage SystemC-AMS, et la simulation d'un émetteur-récepteur au standard Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE). L'objectif est d'analyser la relation entre les performances, en termes de BER et la consommation d'énergie du transceiver. Le temps de simulation d’un tel système, à partir de cas d’étude (use case) réaliste, est un facteur clé pour le développement d’une telle plateforme. De plus, afin d’obtenir des résultats de simulation le plus précis possible, les modèles « haut niveau » doivent être raffinés à partir de modèles plus bas niveau où de mesure. L'approche dite Meet-in-the-Middle, associée à la méthode de modélisation équivalente en Bande Base (BBE, BaseBand Equivalent), a été choisie pour atteindre les deux conditions requises, à savoir temps de simulation « faible » et précision des résultats. Une simulation globale d'un système de BLE est obtenue en intégrant le modèle de l'émetteur-récepteur dans une plateforme existante développée en SystemC-TLM. La simulation est basée sur un système de communication de deux dispositifs BLE, en utilisant différents scénarios (différents cas d'utilisation de BLE). Dans un premier temps nous avons modélisé et validé chaque bloc d’un transceiver BT. Devant le temps de simulation prohibitif, les blocs RF sont réécrits en utilisant la méthodologie BB, puis raffinés afin de prendre en compte les non-linéarités qui vont impacter le couple consommation, BER. Chaque circuit (chaque modèle) est vérifié séparément, puis une première simulation système (point à point entre un émetteur et un récepteur) est effectuée
This work aims at system-level modelling a defined transceiver for Bluetooth Low energy (BLE) system using SystemC-AMS. The goal is to analyze the relationship between the transceiver performance and the accurate energy consumption. This requires the transceiver model contains system-level simulation speed and the low-level design block power consumption and other RF specifications. The Meet-in-the-Middle approach and the Baseband Equivalent method are chosen to achieve the two requirements above. A global simulation of a complete BLE system is achieved by integrating the transceiver model into a SystemC-TLM described BLE system model which contains the higher-than-PHY levels. The simulation is based on a two BLE devices communication system and is run with different BLE use cases. The transceiver Bit-Error-Rate and the energy estimation are obtained at the end of the simulation. First, we modelled and validated each block of a BT transceiver. In front of the prohibitive simulation time, the RF blocks are rewritten by using the BBE methodology, and then refined in order to take into account the non-linearities, which are going to impact the couple consumption, BER. Each circuit (each model) is separately verified, and then a first BLE system simulation (point-to-point between a transmitter and a receiver) has been executed. Finally, the BER is finally estimated. This platform fulfills our expectations, the simulation time is suitable and the results have been validated with the circuit measurement offered by Riviera Waves Company. Finally, two versions of the same transceiver architecture are modelled, simulated and compared
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Books on the topic "BRT systems"

1

Windmiller, Mary Jo. Unique bit-error-rate measurement system for satellite communication systems. [Washington, D.C.]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Scientific and Technical Information Branch, 1987.

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Windmiller, Mary Jo. Unique bit-error-rate measurement system for satellite communication systems. Cleveland, Ohio: Lewis Research Center, 1987.

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Windmiller, Mary Jo. Unique bit-error-rate measurement system for satellite communication systems. [Washington, D.C.]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Scientific and Technical Information Branch, 1987.

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Flik, Thomas, and Hans Liebig. 16-Bit-Microprocessor Systems. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-93285-4.

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Borgwaldt, Susanne R., and Terry Joyce, eds. Typology of Writing Systems. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/bct.51.

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Bronson, Gary J. 32-bit microprocessors: A primer plus. Indianapolis, Ind. U.S.A: AT&T Customer Information Center, 1988.

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Eccles, William J. Microprocessors systems: A 16 bit approach. Reading, Mass: Addison-Wesley Pub. Co., 1985.

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Microprocessor systems: A 16-bit approach. Reading, Mass: Addison-Wesley Publishing Co, 1985.

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Bermant, Charles. 32-bit operating systems: Upgrading the desktop. Charleston, S.C: Computer Technology Research Corp., 1995.

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Sabharwal, Navin, and Amit Agrawal. Hands-on Question Answering Systems with BERT. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-6664-9.

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Book chapters on the topic "BRT systems"

1

Fang, Song, Jianxiao Ma, and Yancai Wang. "Research on Comparison of Tram with BRT." In Green Intelligent Transportation Systems, 165–74. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-3551-7_12.

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Hidalgo, Dario. "Bus Rapid Transit bus rapid transit (BRT) : Worldwide History of Development bus rapid transit (BRT) worldwide history of development , Key Systems bus rapid transit (BRT) key systems and Policy Issues bus rapid transit (BRT) policy issues." In Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology, 1833–54. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0851-3_668.

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Hidalgo, Dario. "Bus Rapid Transit bus rapid transit (BRT) : Worldwide History of Development bus rapid transit (BRT) worldwide history of development , Key Systems bus rapid transit (BRT) key systems and Policy Issues bus rapid transit (BRT) policy issues." In Transportation Technologies for Sustainability, 235–55. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5844-9_668.

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Ye, Jiao, Jun Chen, Hua Bai, and Dongping Li. "Design and Operation Recommendations for Shared BRT Stops with No Overtaking." In Green, Smart and Connected Transportation Systems, 101–12. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0644-4_9.

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Henke, Cliff. "Bus Rapid Transit bus rapid transit (BRT) and Light Rail Transit Systems light rail transit (LRT) : State of Discussion." In Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology, 1810–18. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0851-3_666.

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Henke, Cliff. "Bus Rapid Transit bus rapid transit (BRT) and Light Rail Transit Systems light rail transit (LRT) : State of Discussion." In Transportation Technologies for Sustainability, 212–19. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5844-9_666.

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Shoker, Ali, and Jean-Paul Bahsoun. "BFT Selection." In Networked Systems, 258–62. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40148-0_20.

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Joyce, Terry, and Susanne R. Borgwaldt. "Typology of writing systems." In Typology of Writing Systems, 1–12. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/bct.51.01joy.

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Ruth, Matthias, and Bruce Hannon. "Bat Thermoregulation." In Modeling Dynamic Biological Systems, 123–26. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-0651-4_18.

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Krekoski, Ross. "Linguistic units and their systems." In Benjamins Current Topics, 39–58. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/bct.114.03kre.

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Conference papers on the topic "BRT systems"

1

Dantas, Renata, Jamilson Dantas, Carlos Melo, Danilo Oliveira, and Paulo Maciel. "Sensitivity Analysis in a BRT System." In 2019 IEEE International Systems Conference (SysCon). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/syscon.2019.8836823.

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Hickman, M., Chin-Woo Tan, P. Lau, and Wei-Bin Zhang. "Development of a Hierarchical BRT System Architecture." In 2006 IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Conference. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/itsc.2006.1706826.

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An, Jian, Jing Teng, and Lingyun Meng. "A BRT Network Route Design Model." In 2008 11th International IEEE Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/itsc.2008.4732615.

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Dantas, Renata, Jamilson Dantas, Carlos Melo, Paulo Maciel, Renata Dantas, and Gabriel Alves. "A performability model for the BRT system." In 2018 Annual IEEE International Systems Conference (SysCon). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/syscon.2018.8369608.

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Zhu, Yin. "Study on Intelligent Traffic Control Based BRT." In 2010 2nd International Workshop on Intelligent Systems and Applications (ISA). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iwisa.2010.5473376.

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Wang, Pingfeng, Byeng D. Youn, Zhimin Xi, and Artemis Kloess. "Bayesian Reliability Analysis With Evolving, Insufficient, and Subjective Data Sets." In ASME 2008 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2008-49663.

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A primary concern in product design is ensuring high system reliability amidst various uncertainties throughout a product life-cycle. To achieve high reliability, uncertainty data for complex product systems must be adequately collected, analyzed, and managed throughout the product life-cycle. However, despite years of research, system reliability assessment is still difficult, mainly due to the challenges of evolving, insufficient, and subjective data sets. Therefore, the objective of this research is to establish a new paradigm of reliability prediction that enables the use of evolving, insufficient, and subjective data sets (from expert knowledge, customer survey, system inspection & testing, and field data) over the entire product life-cycle. This research will integrate probability encoding methods to a Bayesian updating mechanism. It is referred to as Bayesian Information Toolkit (BIT). Likewise, Bayesian Reliability Toolkit (BRT) will be created by incorporating reliability analysis to the Bayesian updating mechanism. In this research, both BIT and BRT will be integrated to predict reliability even with evolving, insufficient, and subjective data sets. It is shown that the proposed Bayesian reliability analysis can predict the reliability of door closing performance in a vehicle body-door subsystem where the relevant data sets availability are limited, subjective, and evolving.
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Barua, Sudip, Dhrubo Alam, and Mudasser Seraj. "Conceptual Physical Design of Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) in Dhaka." In Third International Conference on Urban Public Transportation Systems. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784413210.025.

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Salem, O., H. Wei, and V. Iragavarapu. "Impact of BRT on Martin Luther King Dr and Madison Road." In 2006 IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Conference. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/itsc.2006.1706719.

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Dantas, Renata, Jamilson Dantas, Paulo Maciel, Renata Dantas, and Gabriel Alves. "Assessment of Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) Time Lags under Probabilistic Uncertainties." In 2015 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/smc.2015.227.

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Barua, Sudip, Mudasser Seraj, and Dhrubo Alam. "Opportunities and Operational Difficulties of Introducing Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) in Dhaka." In Third International Conference on Urban Public Transportation Systems. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784413210.016.

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Reports on the topic "BRT systems"

1

Scholl, Lynn. Urban Transport and Poverty: Mobility and Accessibility Effects of IDB-supported BRT Systems in Cali and Lima. Inter-American Development Bank, June 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0000328.

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Waldren, Douglas W. Anabat bat detection system: description and maintenance manual. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/pnw-gtr-502.

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Yapp, Clifford W. The BRL-CAD CMake Build System - An Overview. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada587400.

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Margo, Robert. Education Achievement in Segregated School Systems: The Effects of "Separate-But-Equal". Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, May 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w1620.

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Spivack, Marla. Applying Systems Thinking to Education: The RISE Systems Framework. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-ri_2021/028.

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Many education systems in low- and middle-income countries are experiencing a learning crisis. Many efforts to address this crisis do not account for the system features of education, meaning that they fail to consider the ways that interactions and feedback loops produce outcomes. Thinking through the feedback relationships that produce the education system can be challenging. The RISE Education Systems Framework, which is sufficiently structured to give boundaries to the analysis but sufficiently flexible to be adapted to multiple scenarios, can be helpful. The RISE Framework identifies four key relationships in an education system: politics, compact, management, and voice and choice; and five features that can be used to describe these relationships: delegation, finance, information, support, and motivation. This Framework can be a useful approach for characterising the key actors and interactions in the education system, thinking through how these interactions produce systems outcomes, and identifying ways to intervene that can shift the system towards better outcomes.
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McDonald, W. J., and G. T. Pittard. Development of a near-bit MWD system. Phase 2 -- Final report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/548633.

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Polack, Sharelle. Food systems planning for cities yet to be built: essential but often forgotten. Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition (GAIN), June 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36072/dp.7.

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McDonald, W. J., and G. T. Pittard. Development of a near-bit MWD system. Quarterly report, October--December, 1994. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/132678.

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McDonald, W. J., and G. T. Pittard. Development of a near bit MWD system. Quarterly report, October--December 1993. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10163951.

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McIntosh, A. C., and Jr. Barnes & Reinecke, Inc. (BRI) Palletized Loading System (PLS) Flatrack Transportability Testing. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, November 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada353941.

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