Academic literature on the topic 'Bruce Museum'

A new, hydroid-associated representative of the genus Periclimenes from Vietnam is described and illustrated. P. laevimanus sp. nov. is most similar to P. granulimanus Bruce, 1978, but differs from it by the more slender and smooth, not granulated, major second pereiopod and the non-dentate cutting edges of the minor second pereiopod. A new host is reported for P. granulimanus. Mouth parts are described and illustrated for P. brucei Ď uriš, 1990. This species is easily distinguished by its extremely elongate second pereiopods, with the carpus longer than the chela, and the walking legs lacking simple spines proximally from the distoventral series of paired spines. Periclimenes tonga Bruce, 1990 differs from other members of the species group by having only a single pair of dorsal telson spines. A key for the identification of species of the herein established P. granulimanus species group is provided. Types and/or museum specimens of some other Periclimenes species (P. hongkongensis Bruce, 1969, P. nomadophila Berggren, 1994, P. ruber Bruce, 1982, and P. toloensis Bruce, 1969) were examined to evaluate their relationship with the P. granulimanus species complex.

The type specimens of 3 species described by Dr. Johannes Govertus De Man, Cuapetes amymone (De Man, 1902), Periclimenella spinifera (De Man, 1902), Periclimenes brockii (De Man, 1888), were re-examined in the collection of the Senckenberg Natural History Museum (SMF), Frankfurt-at-Maine, Germany. Periclimenes brockii De Man, 1888 is found to be a senior synonym of Allopontonia iaini Bruce, 1972 and Periclimenes priodactylus Bruce, 1992.

The pontoniine genus Allopontonia Bruce, 1972 has so far been represented by only a single species, A. iaini Bruce, 1972, a shallow water echinoderm associate (Bruce, 1972). First described from Zanzibar, it is one of the relatively few pontoniine species found in both the Indo-West Pacific and the Eastern Pacific regions (Wicksten 2000; Bruce 1987). The discovery of a second species is therefore of interest and an illustrated description is here provided. The single specimen was collected in the course of a CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research (CMAR) survey of the benthic fauna of the Australian Northwest Shelf region, Western Australia, by the fisheries research vessel Southern Surveyor and is held in the collection of the Museum Victoria. I am most grateful to Anna McCallum for the opportunity to study this specimen. Felicity McEnnulty provided the identification of the host echinoid.

The genus Phycomenes was recently described by Bruce (2008)) for a small sea-grass inhabiting shrimp, Phycomenes zostericola Bruce, 2008, from south-east Queensland, Australia. The close similarity of this species to Periclimenes indicus (Kemp 1915) was noted. Subsequently specimens of Kemp’s species from the type locality, Chilka Lake, Orissa, India, were examined and the most characteristic features of the genus Phycomenes were found to be present, i.e., a transverse triangular median process on the fourth thoracic sternite and the greatly reduced size of the second pereiopods in comparison with other Periclimenes species, with a very well developed ocular ocellus. Periclimenes indicus is therefore transferred to the genus Phycomenes Bruce. Periclimenes cobourgi Bruce & Coombes, 1995 has also been noted as closely similar to Periclimenes indicus, showing the same major features and should also be considered as congeneric with Phycomenes zostericola. Similarly, examination of specimens of Periclimenes sulcatus Ďuriš, Horká, & Marin, 2008, and P. siankaanensis Martínez-Mayén, & Román-Contreras, 2006, kindly donated by Dr Zdenek Ďuriš and Dr Mario Martinez-Mayén to the Queensland Museum, Brisbane, show the same features and should be similarly placed in the genus Phycomenes. Martínez-Mayén and Román-Contreras (2006) considered P. siankaanensis to be a member of the “iridescens” species complex, including also P. iridescens Lebour, 1949, P. platalea Holthuis, 1951, P. antipathophilus Holthuis & Eibl-Eibesfeldt, 1964, P. patae Heard & Spotte, 1991, and P. mclellandi Heard & Spotte, 1997. Periclimenes platalea has recently been removed from this complex and placed in the genus Rapipontonia Marin by Marin (2007). No examples of these species have been examined but it seems likely that some may possibly be better placed in Phycomenes. Some of these taxa have been reported as associates of coelenterate hosts rather than from sea-grass habitat, but such a coelenterate association has also been reported in the case of the holotype specimen of P. cobourgi found on a gorgonian host. The specimens of P. indicus were kindly donated by the Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta (ZSI). The specimens examined are deposited in the collections of the Northern Territory Museum, Darwin (NTM) and Queensland Museum, Brisbane (QM).

A recent publication by Bruce (2008a) reported the presence of Palaemonella spinulata Yokoya, 1936 in the Dampier Archipelago, Western Australia. This report noted that “The holotype specimen from Misaki, Japan, is considered to be lost (Holthuis 1952; Bruce 1970; Okuno pers. comm.). The designation of a neotype would appear useful but one from Japanese or nearby waters would be more appropriate than one of the present specimens”. The brief description provided by Yokoya (1936), with only a single figure showing the whole specimen, antennule, antenna, mandible, second maxilliped and posterior telson, is inadequate for comparison with other species of the genus. This deficiency has now been rectified by Hayashi (2009) who has provided a detailed and well illustrated description of P. spinulata and designated a neotype from Sagami Bay, near Misaki, the type locality. This re-description immediately indicated that the Western Australian specimens were not conspecific and they are now described as a new species. The specimens are held in the collections of the Western Australian Museum, Perth.

Men’s upper body underwear and the depiction of grime, dirt and blood on costumes have a long tradition in Hollywood films. This article explores the 34 undershirts worn by Bruce Willis and his stuntman in the 1988 action film Die Hard from the points of view of the maker, designer, actor, curator and spectator. The image of McClane and the undershirt became iconic in their depiction of a white, working-class, heroic masculinity. One of the many undershirts used in the film was donated to the Smithsonian’s National Museum of American Culture costume collection. This one artefact and the 33 ‘lost’ doubles hold more clues to the undershirt’s past than the obvious connection to a major star; the exhibited object also brings the viewer into physical proximity with the art of Hollywood filmmaking. This article queries the different ‘authenticities’ of the garment, from its material believability as evidence of the character’s progression through the film, to its cultural signification legitimized by the perspectives of the makers and audiences, to its role as artefact authenticated by the museum and/or viewer. Analysis is correspondingly divided into costume in context, costume in production, costume as film image and costume as artefact.

Abstract The distribution of the semi-terrestrial burrowing crayfish Creaserinus fodiens (Cottle, 1863) in Ontario was updated based on the examination of the records stored in the crayfish database of the Royal Ontario Museum in Toronto and specimens collected during field studies. New Ontario locality records are reported for this crayfish species from MacGregor Point Provincial Park and other nearby sites in Bruce County, along the shores of Lake Huron. These are among the northernmost locality records reported for this species in North America. These new records represent a northwestern range expansion for this crayfish species in southern Ontario. As a result of these new records, the revised distribution of this species in Ontario is estimated to cover an area of about 32 620 km2. This is an increase of 7620 km2 over a previous 1996 estimate of this range. Creaserinus fodiens is a vulnerable species in Ontario, mainly due to the loss of suitable wetland habitats. Thus, the new locations and the range expansion reported here provide some hopeful news about the long-term future of burrowing crayfishes in this Canadian province. At some of the new locations, C. fodiens was found together with Faxonius immunis (Hagen, 1870), another burrowing crayfish species. However, this analysis of all the relevant records found in the collections of the Royal Ontario Museum (Toronto) and the Canadian Museum of Nature (Ottawa) shows that our knowledge of the distribution of C. fodiens in Ontario remains quite incomplete. A survey of the conservation status and challenges for this crayfish species in various regions of North America was also undertaken.

Over eighty polar-themed exhibitions were held in Britain between 1819 and the 1930s, a time of intense exploration of both the Arctic and Antarctic. These varied from panoramas and human exhibits to displays of ‘relics', equipment, photographs and artwork, waxworks and displays shown as part of a Great Exhibition. This period also saw the creation of the first dedicated polar museums. These displays were visited by thousands of people throughout the country, helping to mediate the subject of exploration for a public audience. Despite this, the role exhibitions played in forming popular views of the polar regions has not been fully assessed. This thesis addresses this gap. It is the first to consider all the polar exhibitions held during this period as a collective body, making it possible to study how they developed over time and in response to changing circumstances. The thesis uses a variety of archival sources to both reconstruct the displays and place them in their historical and museological contexts. The study shows that exhibitions evolved in response to changes both in the museum sector and in exploration culture. It demonstrates that, while they were originally identified with the shows of the entertainment industry, polar exhibitions began to take on more of the characteristics of museum displays. At the same time their dominant themes changed; the natural world was relegated in favour of ideas relating to the human experience of the regions such as heroism, adventure and everyday life in an exotic environment. While other media may have been more effective in disseminating ideas about exploration, visitors could find the experience of visiting an exhibition more compelling. This thesis contributes to our understanding of this distinct role that exhibitions played in presenting the polar regions to the British public.

Le syndrome du museau blanc (SMB), causé par le champignon Pseudogymnoascus destructans (Pd), a mis en péril les populations de chauves-souris hibernantes en Amérique du Nord. Certaines espèces sont hautement vulnérables à la maladie alors que d’autres espèces semblent être résistantes ou tolérantes à l’infection. Plusieurs facteurs physiologiques et environnementaux peuvent expliquer ces différences. Or avant 2015, peu d’études avaient porté sur le microbiome de la peau en relation avec cette maladie. La présente thèse vise à caractériser le microbiome cutané de chiroptères affectés par le SMB afin d’identifier les facteurs de vulnérabilité ou de résistance à la maladie. L’objectif principal est de déterminer comment le microbiome est affecté par la maladie ainsi que de déterminer si celui-ci à un rôle dans la protection face à l’infection fongique. Au Chapitre 1, nous avons tout d’abord exploré et comparé le microbiote cutané de petites chauves-souris brunes (Myotis lucifugus) non affectées par le SMB avec celui de chauves-souris survivantes au SMB pour tester l’hypothèse selon laquelle le microbiote cutané est modifié par la maladie. Nos résultats montrent que le site d’hibernation influence fortement la composition et la diversité du microbiote cutané. Les sites d’hibernations Pd positifs et négatifs diffèrent significativement en termes de diversité, ainsi qu’en termes de composition du microbiote. La diversité est réduite au sein du microbiote des chauves-souris survivantes au SMB et enrichi en taxons tels que Janthinobacterium, Micrococcaceae, Pseudomonas, Ralstonia et Rhodococcus. Certains de ces taxons sont reconnus pour leur potentiel antifongique et des souches spécifiques de Rhodococcus et de Pseudomonas peuvent inhiber la croissance de Pd. Nos résultats sont cohérents avec l’hypothèse selon laquelle l’infection par Pd modifie le microbiote cutané des chauves-souris survivantes et suggèrent que le microbiote peut jouer un rôle de protection face au SMB. Au Chapitre 2, nous avons étudié le microbiote d’une espèce résistante au champignon Pd en milieu contrôlé avant et après infection afin d’établir la réponse potentielle à la maladie. L’espèce étudiée est la grande chauve-souris brune (Eptesicus fuscus) dont le microbiote cutané pourrait jouer un rôle de protection contre l’infection. Nos résultats montrent que la diversité du microbiote de la grande chauve-souris brune inoculée avec Pd est plus variable dans le temps, tandis que la diversité du microbiote des chauves-souris du groupe contrôle demeure stable. Parmi les taxons les plus abondants, Pseudomonas et Rhodococcus, deux taxons connus pour leur potentiel antifongique contre Pd et d’autres champignons, sont restés stables durant l’expérience. Ainsi, bien que l’inoculation par le champignon Pd ait déstabilisé le microbiote cutané, les bactéries aux propriétés antifongiques n’ont pas été affectées. Cette étude est la première à démontrer le potentiel du microbiote cutané d’une espèce de chauves-souris pour la résistance au SMB. Au Chapitre 3, le microbiome cutané de la petite chauve-souris brune a été évalué en milieu naturel dans le contexte du SMB, à l’aide de la métagénomique, une approche haute résolution pour observer le potentiel fonctionnel du microbiome (métagénome fonctionnel). Nos résultats ont permis d’établir que le temps depuis l’infection a un effet significatif sur le métagénome fonctionnel. En effet, les chauves-souris dans la première année suivant l’infection ont un métagénome fonctionnel perturbé qui subit une perte de diversité fonctionnelle importante. Toutefois, le métagénome fonctionnel revient à une structure et composition similaire d’avant infection après 10 ans. Certaines fonctions détectées suite à l’infection sont associées à des gènes reliés au transport et à l’assimilation de métaux, des facteurs limitants pour la croissance du champignon. Ces gènes pourraient donc avoir un rôle à jouer dans la résistance ou la vulnérabilité à la maladie. Globalement, l’étude du métagénome chez la petite chauve-souris brune indique une vulnérabilité du métagénome fonctionnel au champignon, mais que celui-ci semble se rétablir après 10 ans. Une telle réponse pourrait avoir un impact sur la résilience de M. lucifugus. Cette thèse a permis d’acquérir des connaissances fondamentales sur le microbiome cutané des chauves-souris en hibernation pour mieux comprendre les communautés microbiennes de la peau dans le contexte du SMB. Le microbiome pourrait en effet jouer un rôle dans la vulnérabilité et la résistance des chauves-souris à la maladie, et il est essentiel d’adapter notre façon d’aborder la protection de ces espèces et de leur microbiome. Nous souhaitons que les travaux de cette thèse permettent de sensibiliser les acteurs de la conservation à l’existence et à l’importance potentielle du microbiome pour la santé de son hôte. Cette thèse fait également état de l’avancement des méthodes d’analyses qui permettront d’être de plus en plus précis et d’appliquer les connaissances du microbiome en biologie de la conservation.
White-nose syndrome (WNS) caused by the fungus Pseudogymnoascus destructans (Pd) has put hibernating bat populations at risk in North America. Some species are highly vulnerable to the disease while other species appear to be resistant or tolerant. Several physiological and environmental factors can explain these differences. However, before 2015, few studies have focused on the skin microbiome in relation to this disease. The present thesis aims to characterize the cutaneous microbiome of bats affected by WNS in order to identify the factors of vulnerability or resistance to the disease. The main objective is to determine how the microbiome can protect against the Pd fungus, or conversely how the microbiome is altered by the fungal infection. In Chapter 1, we first explored and compared the skin microbiota of little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus) unaffected by WNS with that of WNS survivors to test the hypothesis that the skin microbiota is modified by the disease. Our results show that the hibernation site strongly influences the composition and diversity of the skin microbiota. The Pd positive and negative sites differ significantly in terms of diversity, as well as in terms of the composition of the microbiota. Diversity is reduced within the microbiota of bats surviving WNS and enriched in taxa such as Janthinobacterium, Micrococcaceae, Pseudomonas, Ralstonia, and Rhodococcus. Some of these taxa are recognized for their antifungal potential and specific strains of Rhodococcus and Pseudomonas may inhibit the growth of Pd. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that Pd infection modifies the skin microbiota of surviving bats and suggest that the microbiota may play a protective role against WNS. In Chapter 2, we studied in a controlled environment the microbiota of a species that exhibits evidence of resistance with mild WNS symptoms, before and after infection, to establish the potential response to the disease. The species studied is the big brown bat (Eptesicus fuscus), whose skin microbiota could play a protective role against infection. Our results show that the diversity of the microbiota of big brown bats inoculated with Pd is more variable over time, while the diversity of the microbiota of the control bats remains stable. Among the most abundant taxa, Pseudomonas and Rhodococcus, two taxa known for their antifungal potential against Pd and other fungi, remained stable during the experiment. Thus, although inoculation with the Pd fungus destabilized the skin microbiota, bacteria with antifungal properties were not affected. This study is the first to demonstrate the potential of the skin microbiota of a bat species for resistance to WNS. In Chapter 3, the skin microbiome of the little brown bat was evaluated in the natural environment in the context of WNS, using metagenomics, a higher-resolution approach to observe the functional potential of the microbiome (functional metagenome). Our results established that the time since infection has a significant effect on the functional metagenome. Indeed, bats in the first year after infection have a disrupted functional metagenome that undergoes a significant loss of functional diversity. However, the functional metagenome returns to a similar structure and composition to that observed before infection after 10 years. Certain functions detected following infection are associated with genes linked to the transport and assimilation of metals, known limiting factors for the growth of the fungus. These genes could therefore have a role to play in resistance or vulnerability to the disease. Overall, this metagenomics study indicates functional metagenome vulnerability to the fungus, although the original functional metagenome is reestablished after 10 years. Such diversified response could impact M. lucifugus resilence. This thesis provides fundamental knowledge on the skin microbiome of hibernating bats to better understand the microbial communities of the skin in the context of WNS. The microbiome could indeed play a role in the vulnerability and resistance of bats to disease and it is essential to adapt our way of approaching the protection of these species and their microbiomes. We hope that the results of this thesis will raise awareness among conservation stakeholders about the existence and potential importance of the microbiome for the health of its host. This thesis also reports on the advancement of analytical methods that will make it possible to be more and more precise and to apply knowledge of the microbiome in conservation biology.

This chapter considers concepts of activism and Black presence in experiences of dance in museums. Working through concepts of Afropessimism, Afrofuturism, and the theoretical gathering notion of a Black Commons, I will offer four case studies of dance in the museum that render the space towards collective Black possibilities. The choreographic works Dapline! (2016), fastPASTdance (2017), as well as a reconstruction of Instead of Allowing Some Thing to Rise Up to Your Face Dancing Bruce and Dance and Other Things (2000) and the moving-image object APESHIT (2018) offer evidence of a special possibility for Black dance in the museum space; a creation of social space too-often denied to Black people in diaspora.

Bruce Wernham was born on 11 October 1906 at Ashmansworth, near Newbury, Berkshire, the son of a tenant farmer. He attended St Bartholomew's Grammar School, which he remembered with affection all his life, serving as Governor from 1944. In 1925 he went on to Exeter College, Oxford, and took a first in Modern History in 1928. He returned to study towards a D.Phil. His chosen theme was ‘Anglo-French relations in the age of Queen Elizabeth and Henri IV’, a subject that would remain at the centre of his interests for the rest of his life. After a year, he moved to London in order to work on the State Papers in the Public Record Office and the British Museum.